A deep-sea mineral exploration and mining collection and excavation device

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of ocean drilling equipment, and specifically relates to a deep-sea mineral exploration and mining collection and excavation device, which includes a drilling unit. The drilling unit includes a drill bit for drilling the seabed in the vertical direction and a sampling head slidably arranged on the side wall of the drill bit in the radial direction of the drill bit. A sleeve is arranged along the drilling direction of the drill bit above the drill bit. The drill bit has a drilling mode and a sampling mode. When the drill bit is in the drilling mode, the sampling head is completely retracted into the drill bit. The drill bit is located below the sleeve and seals the lower part of the sleeve, and at this time, the moving direction of the drill bit is vertically downward. When the drill bit is in the sampling mode, the drill bit slides out from the bottom of the sleeve, the bottom of the sleeve is in an open state, the drill bit stops descending after extending a specified length from the sleeve, the sampling head extends from the side wall of the drill bit in the radial direction of the drill bit, and the drill bit drives the sampling head to rise along the drilling direction. The present invention improves the sampling efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ocean drilling equipment, and specifically relates to a deep-sea mineral exploration and mining device for collecting and excavating minerals. Background Art

[0002] The seabed terrain is complex, with not only fine sand, soft mud and hard rock formations, but also due to the flow of seawater, the machine may encounter complex extreme marine environments such as internal waves, sea waves, ocean currents, etc. during operation. At the same time, the internal structure of existing seabed mineral sampling devices is vulnerable to seawater corrosion, resulting in a low service life, great damage to the seabed environment, large-sized mineral particles sampled are not convenient for transportation, and technical bottleneck problems such as relatively shallow seabed sampling depth.

[0003] Chinese Patent Application CN115467661A discloses a seabed mineral sampling drilling device in extreme environments, including a power mechanism, a gear transmission mechanism, a drill barrel and an ore conveying mechanism. The gear transmission mechanism includes a gear box, a driving gear and a driven gear. The driving and driven gears are arranged in the gear box and mesh with each other. The power mechanism is located on one side above the gear box, and its output end is key-connected to the driving gear. The power mechanism drives the driven gear to rotate through the driving gear. The drill barrel is vertically arranged on the other side below the gear box, and its upper end passes through the driven gear and extends outside the gear box. The upper part of the drill barrel is fixedly connected to the driven gear, and the driven gear drives the drill barrel to rotate around its central axis. A plurality of cutting teeth capable of crushing ore are regularly arranged at the lower end of the drill barrel. The ore conveying mechanism is arranged inside the lower part of the drill barrel and includes a hob support and two shredding hobs. The hob support has a conveying channel that penetrates up and down. The two shredding hobs are arranged relatively parallel at the upper port of the conveying channel, and the two shredding hobs rotate synchronously to continuously convey the crushed ore at the lower part of the drill barrel upwards.

[0004] The above solution improves the sealing performance of the gear transmission mechanism. However, the gear transmission mechanism is a cavity structure, and under the water pressure in the deep sea, the cavity is prone to burst due to water pressure. Moreover, when the existing sampling drilling equipment conducts sampling, it is necessary to first drill to a specified depth through the drill bit, then take out the drill bit, and replace the sampling drill bit and lower it again. There is a period of time for lifting the drill bit and lowering the sampling drill bit during the lifting and sampling processes, resulting in low sampling efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above problems, a deep - sea mineral exploration and mining device is provided. By setting up a drilling unit to drill and sample the seabed minerals, the sampling efficiency is improved. When the drill bit reaches the specified sampling depth, the sleeve stops descending, and the drill bit extends from the bottom of the sleeve along the drilling direction. At this time, the sleeve and the drill bit are in a synchronous rotation state. When the drill bit extends from the sleeve by a specified length and then stops extending, the specified length needs to be determined according to the actual drilling situation and the amount of samples to be drilled. The more samples to be drilled, the longer the drill bit extends relative to the sleeve. When the drill bit extends to the specified length, the sampling head arranged on the side wall of the drill bit gradually extends. At this time, the drill bit is in a continuous rotation state. When the sampling head fully extends, the drill bit drives the sampling head to rise along the extension direction of the drill hole. The samples on the side wall of the drill hole fall into the upper part of the drill bit under the extrusion of the sampling head. When the drill bit fully retracts to the bottom of the sleeve, the sampling is completed. The samples located in the upper part of the drill bit are sealed in the sleeve, so that there will be no accidental dropping of samples during the lifting process. Moreover, by using the present invention for sampling, drilling and sampling can be carried out continuously, without taking out the drill bit and replacing the sampling head to sample the samples at the specified depth, thus improving the sampling efficiency.

[0006] To solve the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a deep - sea mineral exploration and mining device, including a drilling unit. The drilling unit includes a drill bit for drilling the seabed in the vertical direction and a sampling head slidably arranged on the side wall of the drill bit in the radial direction of the drill bit. A sleeve is arranged on the upper part of the drill bit along the drilling direction of the drill bit. The drill bit has a drilling mode and a sampling mode. When the drill bit is in the drilling mode, the sampling head is fully retracted into the drill bit. The drill bit is located below the sleeve and blocks the lower part of the sleeve. And at this time, the moving direction of the drill bit is vertically downward. When the drill bit is in the sampling mode, the drill bit slides out from the bottom of the sleeve, the bottom of the sleeve is in an open state. After the drill bit extends from the sleeve by a specified length, it stops descending. The sampling head extends from the side wall of the drill bit in the radial direction of the drill bit, and the drill bit drives the sampling head to rise along the drilling direction.

[0007] Preferably, when the drill bit is in the drilling mode, the drill bit descends synchronously with the sleeve. When the drill bit reaches the specified sampling depth, the drill bit switches to the sampling mode, the sleeve stops descending, and the drill bit extends from the bottom of the sleeve along the drilling direction and stops moving after reaching the specified length.

[0008] Preferably, the drill bit is always in a rotating state in both the drilling mode and the sampling mode.

[0009] Preferably, a water injection pipe is fixedly arranged on the upper part of the drill bit along the extension direction of the drill bit. A water injection cavity is opened in the drill bit, and the water injection pipe is communicated with the water injection cavity. A sliding groove is opened on the side wall of the water injection cavity in the radial direction of the drill bit. The sampling head is slidably arranged in the sampling groove along the extension direction of the sliding groove. After the water injection pipe fills the water injection cavity with water, the sampling head extends from the side wall of the drill bit. After the water injection pipe pumps the water in the water injection cavity away, the sampling head retracts into the drill bit.

[0010] Preferably, a first drain port is penetrated along the axis of the drill bit at the bottom of the water injection cavity, and a plurality of second drain ports are arranged around the first drain port. The second drain ports are evenly arranged around the first drain port. Both the first drain port and the second drain port are communicated with the water injection cavity. When the drill bit is in the drilling mode, the first drain port and the second drain port drain water simultaneously.

[0011] Preferably, a lifting ring is movably arranged along the axis direction of the drill bit in the water injection cavity. A first switching valve is arranged on the inner ring of the lifting ring. The water injection cavity is of a circular structure and the inner diameter of the water injection cavity is the same as the outer diameter of the lifting ring.

[0012] Preferably, electromagnets are respectively arranged at the upper and lower parts of the water injection cavity. When the drill bit is in the drilling mode, the electromagnet at the upper part of the water injection cavity is energized, and the electromagnet at the lower part of the water injection cavity is de-energized. The lifting ring blocks the sliding groove, and the first switching valve is in the open state. When the drill bit is in the sampling mode, the electromagnet at the upper part of the water injection cavity is de-energized, and the electromagnet at the lower part of the water injection cavity is energized. The first switching valve is in the closed state. The lifting ring blocks the second drain port, and the first switching valve blocks the first drain port.

[0013] Preferably, a rotating blade is arranged on the first drain port. When the water flows out from the first drain port, the rotating blade arranged on the first drain port rotates.

[0014] Preferably, a pushing unit capable of pushing the drill bit out of the sleeve is arranged in the sleeve. When the drill bit is in the drilling mode, the pushing unit is in the retracted state. When the drill bit is in the sampling mode, the pushing unit is in the extended state.

[0015] Preferably, an extension cylinder is fixed at the upper part of the sleeve. A rotating unit is sleeved outside the extension cylinder. The rotating unit includes a rotating shell. An opening is arranged at the upper part of the rotating shell. A balance plate moving along the drilling direction of the drill bit is arranged in the rotating shell. The balance plate forms a sealed cavity in the rotating shell, and the sealed cavity is filled with lubricating oil.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

[0017] 1. The present invention drills and samples the seabed minerals by setting up a drilling unit, improving the sampling efficiency. When the drill bit reaches the specified sampling depth, the sleeve stops descending, and the drill bit extends from the bottom of the sleeve along the drilling direction. At this time, the sleeve and the drill bit are in a synchronous rotation state. When the drill bit extends from the sleeve by a specified length and then stops extending, the specified length needs to be determined according to the actual drilling situation and the amount of samples to be drilled. The more samples to be drilled, the longer the drill bit extends relative to the sleeve. When the drill bit extends to the specified length, the sampling head arranged on the side wall of the drill bit gradually extends. At this time, the drill bit is in a continuous rotation state. When the sampling head fully extends, the drill bit drives the sampling head to rise along the extension direction of the drill hole. The samples on the side wall of the drill hole fall into the upper part of the drill bit under the extrusion of the sampling head. When the drill bit fully retracts to the bottom of the sleeve, the sampling is completed. The samples located in the upper part of the drill bit are sealed in the sleeve, so that the samples will not accidentally fall during the lifting process. Moreover, by using the present invention for sampling, the drilling and sampling can be carried out continuously without taking out the drill bit and replacing the sampling head to sample the samples at the specified depth, improving the sampling efficiency.

[0018] 2. The present invention reduces the compressive burden of the rotating shell in the deep sea by setting a balance plate on the rotating shell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a deep-sea mineral exploration and mining device.

[0020] Figure 2 is a side view of a deep-sea mineral exploration and mining device.

[0021] Figure 3 is a deep-sea mineral exploration and mining device Figure 2 cross-sectional schematic view at A-A.

[0022] Figure 4 is a cutaway three-dimensional schematic of a deep-sea mineral exploration and mining device when the drill bit is in the drilling mode Figure 1 .

[0023] Figure 5 is a deep-sea mineral exploration and mining device Figure 4 local enlarged schematic view at B.

[0024] Figure 6 is a deep-sea mineral exploration and mining device Figure 4 local enlarged schematic view at C.

[0025] Figure 7 is a cutaway three-dimensional schematic of a deep-sea mineral exploration and mining device when the drill bit is in the drilling mode Figure 2 .

[0026] Figure 8 It is a Figure 7 partial enlarged schematic view at position D in

[0027] Figure 9 three-dimensional schematic view of a deep-sea mineral exploration and mining device after removing the rotating shell.

[0028] Figure 10 It is a Figure 9 partial enlarged schematic view at position E in

[0029] Figure 11 three-dimensional schematic view of the drilling unit of a deep-sea mineral exploration and mining device.

[0030] The reference numerals in the figure are:

[0031] 1. Drilling unit; 11. Drill bit; 111. Water injection pipe; 1111. Second switching valve; 112. Water injection cavity; 113. Sliding groove; 114. First drain port; 115. Second drain port; 12. Sampling head; 13. Sleeve; 14. Lifting ring; 15. First switching valve; 16. Electromagnet; 17. Rotating blade; 18. Pushing unit; 181. Pump body; 182. Pushing sleeve; 183. Pushing rod; 184. Pushing ring; 185. Mounting ring; 2. Extension tube; 3. Rotating unit; 31. Rotating shell; 311. Opening; 32. Balancing plate; 33. Tooth ring; 34. Gear; 35. Driving block; 36. Limiting groove. Detailed implementation mode

[0032] To further understand the features, technical means, specific purposes and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation modes.

[0033] Refer to Figures 1 - 3 : A deep-sea mineral exploration and mining device, including a drilling unit 1. The drilling unit 1 includes a drill bit 11 for drilling the seabed in the vertical direction and a sampling head 12 slidably arranged on the side wall of the drill bit 11 in the radial direction of the drill bit 11. A sleeve 13 is arranged on the upper part of the drill bit 11 along the drilling direction of the drill bit 11. The drill bit 11 has a drilling mode and a sampling mode. When the drill bit 11 is in the drilling mode, the sampling head 12 is completely retracted into the drill bit 11, the drill bit 11 is located below the sleeve 13 and blocks the lower part of the sleeve 13, and at this time, the moving direction of the drill bit 11 is vertically downward. When the drill bit 11 is in the sampling mode, the drill bit 11 slides out from the bottom of the sleeve 13, the bottom of the sleeve 13 is in an open state, the drill bit 11 stops descending after extending a specified length from the sleeve 13, the sampling head 12 extends out from the side wall of the drill bit 11 in the radial direction of the drill bit 11, and the drill bit 11 drives the sampling head 12 to rise along the drilling direction.

[0034] The working principle of the drilling device in the present invention is as follows. Select the location where sampling is required. Subsequently, the drill bit 11 is vertically arranged and rotated by the rotating unit 3 provided above the drill bit 11, and the drill bit 11 drills the seabed soil layer at the specified location. At this time, the drill bit 11 is in the drilling state, and the sampling head 12 arranged on the periphery of the drill bit 11 is in the retracted state, that is, at this time, the sampling head 12 does not contact the soil layer. As the drill bit 11 continues to descend, when the drill bit 11 reaches the specified sampling depth, the sleeve 13 stops descending, and the drill bit 11 extends from the bottom of the sleeve 13 along the drilling direction. At this time, the sleeve 13 and the drill bit 11 are in a synchronous rotation state. When the drill bit 11 extends from the sleeve 13 by a specified length and then stops extending, the specified length needs to be determined according to the actual drilling situation and the amount of samples to be drilled. The more samples are drilled, the longer the length that the drill bit 11 extends relative to the sleeve 13. When the drill bit 11 extends to the specified length, the sampling head 12 arranged on the side wall of the drill bit 11 gradually extends. At this time, the drill bit 11 is in a continuous rotation state. When the sampling head 12 completely extends, the drill bit 11 drives the sampling head 12 to rise along the extension direction of the drill hole, and the samples on the side wall of the drill hole fall into the upper part of the drill bit 11 under the extrusion of the sampling head 12. When the drill bit 11 completely retracts to the bottom of the sleeve 13, the sampling is completed. The samples located above the drill bit 11 are sealed in the sleeve 13. In this way, there will be no accidental dropping of samples during the lifting process, and by using the present invention for sampling, continuous drilling and sampling can be achieved without removing the drill bit 11 and replacing the sampling head 12 to sample the samples at the specified depth, improving the sampling efficiency.

[0035] Refer to Figures 1 - 11 : When the drill bit 11 is in the drilling mode, the drill bit 11 descends synchronously with the sleeve 13. When the drill bit 11 reaches the specified sampling depth, the drill bit 11 switches to the sampling mode, the sleeve 13 stops descending, and the drill bit 11 extends from the bottom of the sleeve 13 along the drilling direction and stops moving after reaching the specified length.

[0036] Refer to Figures 1 - 11 : The drill bit 11 is always in a rotating state in both the drilling mode and the sampling mode.

[0037] In this way, when the drill bit 11 is in the sampling mode, when the sampling head 12 arranged on the side wall of the drill bit 11 extends along the radial direction of the drill bit 11, it can rotate synchronously with the drill bit 11, and the sampling head 12 samples the side wall of the drill hole drilled by the drill bit 11.

[0038] Refer to Figure 3 and Figure 8: A water injection pipe 111 is fixedly arranged along the extension direction of the drill bit 11 at the upper part of the drill bit 11. A water injection cavity 112 is formed inside the drill bit 11. The water injection pipe 111 is communicated with the water injection cavity 112. A sliding groove 113 is formed in the side wall of the water injection cavity 112 along the radial direction of the drill bit 11. The sampling head 12 is slidably arranged in the sampling groove along the extension direction of the sliding groove 113. After the water injection pipe 111 fills the water injection cavity 112 with water, the sampling head 12 extends out from the side wall of the drill bit 11. After the water injection pipe 111 pumps the water in the water injection cavity 112 away, the sampling head 12 retracts into the drill bit 11.

[0039] When the drill bit 11 is in the sampling mode, the water injection cavity 112 and the sliding groove 113 are communicated with each other. When the drill bit 11 is in the drilling mode, the water injection cavity 112 and the sliding groove 113 are in a disconnected state, and at this time the sampling head 12 is completely retracted into the sliding groove 113. When the drill bit 11 is in the sampling mode, the water injection pipe 111 injects water into the water injection cavity 112, so that the water pressure in the water injection cavity 112 rises. Since the water injection cavity 112 and the sliding groove 113 are communicated, the sampling head 12 located in the sliding groove 113 gradually slides out and samples the side wall of the borehole drilled by the drill bit 11. The upper part of the drill bit 11 is of an annular groove structure, and the sample drilled by the sampling head 12 falls into the annular groove at the upper part of the drill bit 11. A water pump is arranged at the end of the water injection pipe 111, and the water pump can inject water into the water injection pipe 111 or pump the water in the water injection pipe 111 out.

[0040] Refer to Figure 11 : A first drain port 114 is formed through the bottom of the water injection cavity 112 along the axis of the drill bit 11. A plurality of second drain ports 115 are arranged around the first drain port 114. The second drain ports 115 are evenly arranged around the first drain port 114. Both the first drain port 114 and the second drain ports 115 are communicated with the water injection cavity 112. When the drill bit 11 is in the drilling mode, the first drain port 114 and the second drain ports 115 drain water simultaneously.

[0041] When the drill bit 11 is in the drilling mode, after the drill bit 11 continuously crushes the rock formation on the seabed in the vertical direction, it is necessary to discharge the crushed materials. However, the drill bit 11 itself cannot discharge the crushed materials. Thus, as the drill bit 11 continuously descends, if the crushed materials cannot be discharged, the crushed materials will accumulate around the drill bit 11, which will not only affect the normal drilling work of the drill bit 11 but also increase the wear of the drill bit 11. To avoid the above situation, a first drainage port 114 and a second drainage port 115 are provided on the drill bit 11. When the drill bit 11 is in the drilling mode, the drill bit 11 continuously drills into the rock formation on the seabed in the vertical direction. At this time, the water injection pipe 111 injects water into the water injection cavity 112, and the water in the water injection cavity 112 is discharged from the lower part of the drill bit 11 through the first drainage port 114 and the second drainage port 115. During the drilling process, the drill bit 11 forms a borehole on the seabed. There is a gap between the sleeve 13 provided on the upper part of the drill bit 11 and the side wall of the borehole. The water flow injected into the bottom of the borehole through the first drainage port 114 and the second drainage port 115 flows upward. The flowing water flow lifts the crushed materials at the bottom of the borehole and discharges them from the upper part of the borehole. Thus, not only can the crushed materials be smoothly discharged, but also it can be ensured that when the drill bit 11 is in the sampling mode, the crushed materials will not be mixed into the sample. This is because the crushed materials generated during the drilling process of the drill bit 11 are non-sampling samples. Thus, after the crushed materials are discharged by the water flow, when the drill bit 11 reaches the specified sampling depth, the crushed materials at the non-sampling depth cannot affect the sample due to being discharged, ensuring the accuracy of the final inspection result.

[0042] Refer to Figure 6 and Figure 8 : A lifting ring 14 is movably arranged in the water injection cavity 112 along the axial direction of the drill bit 11. A first switching valve 15 is arranged on the inner ring of the lifting ring 14. The water injection cavity 112 is of a circular structure and the inner diameter of the water injection cavity 112 is the same as the outer diameter of the lifting ring 14.

[0043] Since a first switching valve 15 is provided on the lifting ring 14, when the drill bit 11 is in the drilling state, the first switching valve 15 is in the open state, and when the drill bit 11 is in the sampling state, the first switching valve 15 is in the closed state. When the drill bit 11 is in the drilling mode, the lifting ring 14 is located above the water injection cavity 112 and blocks the sliding groove 113. Thus, the sampling head 12 located in the sliding groove 113 cannot slide out of the sliding groove 113. As the water injection pipe 111 continuously injects water into the water injection cavity 112, the water injected into the water injection cavity 112 is discharged through the first drain port 114 and the second drain port 115. When the drill bit 11 reaches the specified sampling depth, the lifting ring 14 still remains on the upper side of the water injection cavity 112, and the first drain port 114 and the second drain port 115 continuously inject water flow into the drill hole. The purpose here is to completely discharge the crushed material remaining in the drill hole to avoid the crushed material affecting the subsequent sampling. After the first drain port 114 and the second drain port 115 continuously drain water for a period of time, the first switching valve 15 in the lifting ring 14 closes, and the lifting ring 14 drives the first switching valve 15 to synchronously descend to the bottom of the water injection cavity 112 and completely block the first drain port 114 and the second drain port 115 after reaching the bottom. At this time, the water injection pipe 111 continuously injects water into the water injection cavity 112, causing the water pressure in the water injection cavity 112 to continuously rise. Thus, the sampling head 12 provided in the sliding groove 113 gradually extends out of the sliding groove 113 under the action of the water pressure in the water injection cavity 112. At this time, the drill bit 11 extends out from the bottom of the sleeve 13. Thus, after the sampling head 12 extending from the side wall of the drill bit 11 drills down the sample at the specified sampling depth, the sample falls on the upper part of the drill bit 11. Since when the drill bit 11 samples through the sampling head 12, the drill bit 11 also gradually retracts into the sleeve 13 in the vertical direction. Thus, when the drill bit 11 completely blocks the bottom of the sleeve 13, the sample falling on the upper part of the drill bit 11 can be collected, thereby improving the sampling efficiency.

[0044] Refer to Figure 6 and Figure 8 : Electromagnets 16 are respectively provided at the upper and lower parts of the water injection cavity 112. When the drill bit 11 is in the drilling mode, the electromagnet 16 located at the upper part of the water injection cavity 112 is energized, and the electromagnet 16 located at the lower part of the water injection cavity 112 is de-energized. The lifting ring 14 blocks the sliding groove 113, and the first switching valve 15 is in the open state. When the drill bit 11 is in the sampling mode, the electromagnet 16 located at the upper part of the water injection cavity 112 is de-energized, and the electromagnet 16 located at the lower part of the water injection cavity 112 is energized. The first switching valve 15 is in the closed state, the lifting ring 14 blocks the second drain port 115, and the first switching valve 15 blocks the first drain port 114.

[0045] Refer to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 8: A rotating blade 17 is provided at the first drain opening 114. When water flows out from the first drain opening 114, the rotating blade 17 provided at the first drain opening 114 rotates.

[0046] When the lifting ring 14 is at the bottom of the water injection cavity 112, the drill bit 11 is in the sampling state at this time. After the drill bit 11 completes sampling, the sampling head 12 needs to be retracted into the sliding groove 113. At this time, the water in the water injection cavity 112 is reversely discharged into the water injection pipe 111, and the first switch valve 15 is in the closed state at this time. In this way, the lifting ring 14 rises in the water injection cavity 112 and contacts the upper part of the water injection cavity 112. At this time, the water in the drill hole flows back into the water injection cavity 112, and the water flowing back into the water injection cavity 112 mostly carries sediment. In order to clean the sediment in the injection cavity, the first switch valve 15 is opened, and the water injection pipe 111 re-injects water into the water injection cavity 112. The water injected into the water injection cavity 112 is discharged from the first drain opening 114 and the second drain opening 115. The water discharged from the first drain opening 114 can drive the rotating blade 17 located at the first drain opening 114, so that the sediment remaining at the bottom of the water injection cavity 112 is discharged from the second drain opening 115. A second switch valve 1111 is also provided on the water injection pipe 111. When the sediment in the water injection cavity 112 is cleaned, the first switch valve 15 is closed, and the electromagnet 16 on the upper side of the water injection cavity 112 stops being energized. At the same time, the second switch valve 1111 provided on the water injection pipe 111 is closed, so as to lock the lifting ring 14 provided with the first switch valve 15.

[0047] Refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 : A pushing unit 18 capable of pushing the drill bit 11 out of the sleeve 13 is provided in the sleeve 13. When the drill bit 11 is in the drilling mode, the pushing unit 18 is in the retracted state. When the drill bit 11 is in the sampling mode, the pushing unit 18 is in the extended state.

[0048] The driving unit 18 includes a pump body 181, a driving sleeve 182, a driving rod 183, a driving ring 184 and a mounting ring 185. The driving ring 184 is fixedly arranged around the water injection pipe 111. The mounting ring 185 is arranged above the driving ring 184 and is fixedly arranged in the sleeve 13. The driving sleeve 182 is vertically and fixedly arranged below the mounting ring 185. The driving rod 183 is slidably arranged at the bottom of the driving sleeve 182 along the extending direction of the driving sleeve 182. The upper part of the driving ring 184 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the driving rod 183. A pump body 181 is arranged at the upper end of the driving sleeve 182. The pump body 181 is used to inject hydraulic oil into the driving sleeve 182 or extract the hydraulic oil in the driving sleeve 182. When the pump body 181 injects hydraulic oil into the driving sleeve 182, the driving rod 183 located in the driving sleeve 182 slides out of the driving sleeve 182, so that the driving ring 184 drives the water injection pipe 111 to move, and further makes the drill bit 11 connected to the water injection pipe 111 extend out of the sleeve 13.

[0049] Referring to Figures 1 - 4 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 : An extension cylinder 2 is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the sleeve 13. A rotating unit 3 is sleeved around the extension cylinder 2. The rotating unit 3 includes a rotating shell 31. An opening 311 is formed at the upper part of the rotating shell 31. A balance plate 32 that moves along the drilling direction of the drill bit 11 is arranged in the rotating shell 31. The balance plate 32 forms a sealed cavity in the rotating shell 31, and the sealed cavity is filled with lubricating oil.

[0050] The extension cylinder 2 penetrates through the rotating shell 31. The rotating unit 3 further includes a toothed ring 33, a gear 34, a driving block 35 and a limiting groove 36. The toothed ring 33 is rotatably arranged in the sealed cavity. The driving block 35 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the toothed ring 33 along the axis of the toothed ring 33. The limiting groove 36 is formed on the side wall of the extension cylinder 2 along the axis of the extension cylinder 2. The limiting groove 36 is in sliding and key fit with the driving block 35. The gear 34 is rotatably arranged on one side of the toothed ring 33. The gear 34 meshes with the toothed ring 33. A driver for driving the gear 34 to rotate is arranged at the end of the toothed ring 33. When the gear 34 rotates, it drives the toothed ring 33 to rotate. Since the drill bit 11 needs to drill in the deep sea, if the rotating shell 31 only improves the sealing performance and the volume of the rotating shell 31 does not change, the anti-pressure ability of the rotating shell 31 needs to be very high. By arranging the balance plate 32 on the rotating shell 31 and filling the sealed cavity formed between the balance plate 32 and the rotating shell 31 with lubricating oil, as the drill bit 11 continuously descends and the water pressure continuously rises, the water pressure gradually presses the balance plate 32 into the rotating shell 31. At this time, the pressure in the sealed cavity in the rotating shell 31 can be kept in pressure balance with the seawater outside, that is, the pressure in the rotating shell 31 is the same as the seawater pressure outside. In this way, the anti-pressure burden of the rotating shell 31 in the deep sea can be reduced.

[0051] The above embodiments merely represent one or several implementation manners of the present invention. The description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A deep-sea prospecting mineral collection and excavation device, characterized in that: The drilling unit (1) comprises a drill bit (11) for drilling the seabed in a vertical direction and a sampling head (12) slidably arranged on the side wall of the drill bit (11) in a radial direction of the drill bit (11); a sleeve (13) is arranged on the upper part of the drill bit (11) along the drilling direction of the drill bit (11); the drill bit (11) has a drilling mode and a sampling mode; when the drill bit (11) is in the drilling mode, the sampling head (12) is completely retracted into the drill bit (11), and the drill bit (11) is located in the sleeve. The drill bit (11) is moved vertically downwards, and the bottom of the sleeve (13) is sealed. When the drill bit (11) is in the sampling mode, the drill bit (11) slides out from the bottom of the sleeve (13), and the bottom of the sleeve (13) is in an open state. The drill bit (11) stops descending after extending from the sleeve (13) to a specified length. The sampling head (12) extends from the side wall of the drill bit (11) along the radial direction of the drill bit (11), and the drill bit (11) drives the sampling head (12) to rise along the drilling direction; A water injection pipe (111) is fixedly arranged on the upper part of the drill bit (11) along the extension direction of the drill bit (11); a water injection chamber (112) is provided in the drill bit (11); the water injection pipe (111) and the water injection chamber (112) are communicated with each other; a sliding groove (113) is provided on the side wall of the water injection chamber (112) along the radial direction of the drill bit (11); the sampling head (12) is slidably arranged in the sampling groove along the extension direction of the sliding groove (113); after the water injection pipe (111) fills the water injection chamber (112) with water, the sampling head (12) extends from the side wall of the drill bit (11); after the water injection pipe (111) pumps water out of the water injection chamber (112), the sampling head (12) retracts into the drill bit (11); A lifting ring (14) is arranged in the water injection cavity (112) to move along the axis direction of the drill bit (11), a first switch valve (15) is arranged on the inner ring of the lifting ring (14), the water injection cavity (112) is a circular structure, and the inner diameter of the water injection cavity (112) is the same as the outer diameter of the lifting ring (14); Electromagnets (16) are respectively arranged at the upper and lower parts of the water injection chamber (112); when the drill bit (11) is in a drilling mode, the electromagnet (16) located at the upper part of the water injection chamber (112) is energized, the electromagnet (16) located at the lower part of the water injection chamber (112) is de-energized, the lifting ring (14) blocks the sliding groove (113), and the first switch valve (15) is in an open state; when the drill bit (11) is in a sampling mode, the electromagnet (16) located at the upper part of the water injection chamber (112) is de-energized, the electromagnet (16) located at the lower part of the water injection chamber (112) is energized, the first switch valve (15) is in a closed state, the lifting ring (14) blocks the second drainage port (115), and the first switch valve (15) blocks the first drainage port (114).

2. A deep sea prospecting mineral collection and excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first drainage port (114) is provided at the bottom of the water injection cavity (112) along the axis of the drill bit (11), a plurality of second drainage ports (115) are provided around the first drainage port (114), the second drainage ports (115) are evenly arranged around the first drainage port (114), the first drainage port (114) and the second drainage ports (115) are both communicated with the water injection cavity (112), and when the drill bit (111) is in a drilling mode, the first drainage port (114) and the second drainage port (115) drain water simultaneously.

3. A deep sea prospecting mineral collection and excavation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A rotating blade (17) is arranged on the first drain outlet (114); when water flows out from the first drain outlet (114), the rotating blade (17) arranged on the first drain outlet (114) rotates.

4. The deep sea prospecting mineral collection and excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pushing unit (18) is arranged in the sleeve (13) for pushing the drill bit (11) out of the sleeve (13); when the drill bit (11) is in a drilling mode, the pushing unit (18) is in a retracted state; when the drill bit (11) is in a sampling mode, the pushing unit (18) is in an extended state.

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