Breaking collapse and extrusion deformation stratum shield type TBM supporting system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a supporting system and method of a shield type TBM (tunnel boring machine) for crushing collapse and extrusion deformation stratums, and relates to the technical field of rock tunnel boring machine construction. The supporting system comprises a pipe shed support at a front shield position, a pipe shed support at a middle shield position, a pipe piece support at a shield tail position and an anchor cable support at a shield outlet position; the pipe shed support at the anterior shield position is that a pipe shed hole is reserved through the anterior shield, and a handheld drilling machine is used for installing a pipe shed to reinforce surrounding rock; the pipe shed support at the middle shield position is that a pipe shed hole is reserved through the middle shield, and a machine-mounted drilling machine is used for installing a pipe shed to reinforce surrounding rock; the segment support at the shield tail position is characterized in that segments are mounted by using a segment erector, and rapid-hardening cement mortar and pea stones are filled behind the walls of the segments; the anchor cable support out of the shield position is to install a pre-stressed anchor cable by using an anchor cable drilling machine; the method has the beneficial effect that the safety of the shield type TBM equipment and the tunnel structure under the broken collapse and extrusion deformation stratum can be effectively guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction, and in particular to a support system and method for a shield-type TBM for crushed, collapsed and squeezed deformed strata. Background Art

[0002] With the full outbreak of major engineering construction in the fields of water conservancy, transportation, energy, etc., more and more deep-buried and ultra-long tunnels are in urgent need of construction. The geology that these tunnels have to pass through is becoming more and more complex, and the harsh working environment has posed new challenges to the construction technology of rock tunnel boring machines (TBMs). When TBMs are constructed in broken and collapsed strata, the cutterhead is stuck and the shield is trapped; when TBMs are constructed in squeezed and highly deformed strata, the main machine and the supporting equipment are trapped, the supporting structure is damaged, and the tunnel section is intruded. Compared with open TBMs, the shield-type TBM has a longer shield and is more difficult to remove; the support structure segments are heavier than steel arch frames and are more difficult to dismantle and replace. Once the shield-type TBM is stuck or the supporting structure is damaged, it will seriously affect the tunnel construction period and structural safety.

[0003] Therefore, developing an effective support method for shield TBMs in broken, collapsed and squeezed deformed strata is a technical problem that technicians in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a support system and method for a shield-type TBM for crushed, collapsed and squeezed deformation strata in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical solutions: A support system for a shield-type TBM in a broken, collapsed and squeezed deformed stratum, comprising a pipe-roof support system at a front shield position, a pipe-roof support system at a middle shield position, a segment support system at a shield tail position, and an anchor cable support system at a shield exit position.

[0006] Preferably: the pipe shed support system at the front shield position includes a handheld drill, reserved pipe shed holes and a pipe shed arranged on the front shield. The handheld drill is used to drill holes in at least 8 pipe shed holes reserved in the front shield and install the pipe shed, and grouting is performed to reinforce the surrounding rock. The reserved pipe shed holes in the front shield are arranged in the gaps between the articulated cylinders of the arch, covering at least 120° of the tunnel arch.

[0007] Preferably: the pipe shed support system at the middle shield position includes an airborne drilling rig, reserved pipe shed holes and pipe sheds arranged on the middle shield. The airborne drilling rig is used to drill holes in at least 5 pipe shed holes reserved in the middle shield and install the pipe sheds. Grouting is used to supplement and reinforce the surrounding rock of the arch. The reserved pipe shed holes in the middle shield are arranged in the gaps between the arch propulsion cylinders, covering at least 64° of the tunnel arch.

[0008] Preferably: the segment support system at the shield tail position includes a segment assembler, segments, synchronous grouting pipes and a pea-grain stone pump. The segment assembler is used to install a whole ring of segments. Quick-setting cement mortar is injected into the back of the segment wall through the synchronous grouting pipe configured at the shield tail to fill the gap between the segment and the surrounding rock in a range of at least 90° at the bottom of the tunnel. Pea-grain stones are blown into the back of the segment wall through the pea-grain stone pump to fill the gap between the segment and the surrounding rock in a range of at least 270° at the top of the tunnel.

[0009] Preferably: the anchor cable support system at the shield position includes an anchor cable drill and prestressed anchor cables. At least 12 anchor cable holes reserved on the tunnel top segment are drilled and prestressed anchor cables are installed using the anchor cable drill to cover at least 130° of the arch.

[0010] A support method for a shield TBM in a crushed, collapsed and squeezed formation, using the support system described above, specifically includes the following steps: S1: Use a handheld drill to drill holes through the reserved pipe shed holes in the front shield and install the pipe shed, and inject grout to reinforce the surrounding rock; S2: Use an airborne drilling rig to drill holes through the reserved pipe shed holes of the middle shield and install the pipe shed, and inject grouting to supplement and reinforce the surrounding rock of the arch; S3: Use the segment assembly machine to install the entire ring of segments, inject quick-setting cement mortar behind the segment wall through the synchronous grouting pipe to fill the gap between the segment and the surrounding rock at the bottom of the tunnel, and blow pea-grain stones behind the segment wall through the pea-grain holes to fill the gap between the segment and the surrounding rock at the top of the tunnel; S4: Use an anchor drilling rig to drill holes through the anchor holes reserved on the arch segments and install prestressed anchor cables.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, the number of pipe shed holes reserved by the front shield is 8, which are arranged in the gaps between the articulated cylinders of the arch, covering a 120° range of the tunnel arch.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, the number of pipe shed holes reserved by the middle shield is 5, which are arranged in the gaps between the arch push cylinders and cover a 64° range of the tunnel arch.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, the gaps between the pipe segments and the surrounding rocks within a range of 90° at the bottom of the tunnel are filled, and the gaps between the pipe segments and the surrounding rocks within a range of 270° at the top of the tunnel are filled.

[0014] Preferably, in step S4, 4 anchor holes are reserved on each standard segment block, and the 3 standard blocks on the vault have a total of 12 anchor holes, covering a 130° range of the tunnel vault.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: in broken and collapsed strata, the protective function of the pipe shed is fully utilized to prevent the TBM from being stuck and trapped due to the lack of support in the shield range of the prior art; in squeezed and deformed strata, the passive strong support function of the pipe segment can be exerted, and the active deformation control function of the prestressed anchor cable can be exerted to prevent the prior art from being squeezed and damaged by only passive support of the pipe segment. The present invention can effectively ensure the safety of the shield-type TBM equipment and the tunnel structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the support method for different parts of the shield TBM provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the reserved pipe shed holes and reinforcement range of the front shield provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the reserved pipe shed holes and reinforcement range of the middle shield provided by the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the backfilling of the pipe segment wall provided by the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the anchor hole position and prestressed anchor cable coverage provided by the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the anchor cable holes and pea-grain stone holes of the standard blocks of the pipe segments provided by the present invention.

[0018] The following are the descriptions of the reference numerals: 1. Front shield; 2. Reserved pipe shed hole on front shield; 3. Pipe shed; 4. Articulated cylinder; 5. Handheld drilling rig; 6. Middle shield; 7. Reserved pipe shed hole on middle shield; 8. Propulsion cylinder; 9. Shield tail; 10. Synchronous grouting pipe; 11. Segment assembler; 12. Anchor cable hole; 13. Segment; 14. Airborne drilling rig; 15. Prestressed anchor cable; 16. Anchor cable drilling rig; 17. Bean-grain stone; 18. Quick-setting cement mortar; 19. Bean-grain stone hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and the like are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second", and the like may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0021] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: like Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, a support system for a shield TBM in a broken, collapsed and squeezed deformed stratum includes a pipe-roof support system at a front shield 1, a pipe-roof support system at a middle shield 6, a segment support system at a shield tail 9, and an anchor cable support system at a shield exit position.

[0022] The pipe shed support system at the front shield 1 position is composed of a handheld drill 5, reserved pipe shed holes on the front shield 1 and pipe shed 3; the 8 reserved pipe shed 3 holes on the front shield 1 are drilled using the handheld drill 5, and the pipe shed 3 is installed and the surrounding rock is reinforced by grouting; the reserved pipe shed holes on the front shield 1 are arranged in the gaps between the arch hinged cylinders 4, covering a 120° range of the tunnel arch.

[0023] The pipe shed support system at the middle shield 6 position consists of an airborne drilling rig 14, reserved pipe shed holes in the middle shield 6 and pipe shed 3; through the five pipe shed 3 holes reserved on the middle shield 6, the airborne drilling rig 14 is used to drill holes, and the pipe shed 3 is installed and the surrounding rock is reinforced by grouting; the reserved pipe shed holes in the middle shield 6 are arranged in the gaps between the arch propulsion cylinders 8, covering the 64° range of the tunnel arch.

[0024] The segment support system at the shield tail 9 position is composed of a segment assembler 11, segments 13, synchronous grouting pipes 10 and a pea-grain stone pump 17; the segment assembler 11 is used to install a whole ring of segments 13; the synchronous grouting pipes 10 configured on the shield tail 9 are used to inject quick-setting cement mortar 18 behind the wall of the segment 13 to fill the gap between the segment 13 and the surrounding rock within a range of 90° at the bottom of the tunnel; the pea-grain stone pump 17 is used to blow pea-grain stones 17 behind the wall of the segment 13 to fill the gap between the segment 13 and the surrounding rock within a range of 270° at the top of the tunnel.

[0025] The anchor cable support system at the shield position is composed of an anchor cable drill 16 and prestressed anchor cables 15. The 12 anchor cable holes 12 reserved in the tunnel top segment 13 are drilled and prestressed anchor cables 15 are installed using the anchor cable drill 16, which can cover a range of 130° on the arch.

[0026] In addition, this embodiment also provides a support method for a shield TBM in a broken, collapsed and squeezed formation, using the above support system, specifically including the following steps: Pipe shed holes are reserved through the front shield 1, and the handheld drill 5 is used to drill holes and install pipe sheds 3, and the surrounding rock is reinforced by grouting through the pipe shed 3; 8 pipe shed 3 holes are reserved on the front shield 1, arranged in the gaps between the arch hinged cylinders 4, covering the 120° range of the tunnel arch; A pipe shed hole is reserved through the middle shield 6, and a hole is drilled and installed using an airborne drilling rig 14, and the surrounding rock of the arch is supplemented and reinforced by grouting the pipe shed 3; 5 pipe shed 3 holes are reserved on the middle shield 6, and arranged in the gaps between the arch push cylinders 8, covering a 64° range of the tunnel arch; The whole ring of segments 13 is installed by using the segment assembly machine 11; quick-setting cement mortar 18 is injected into the wall of the segment 13 through the synchronous grouting pipe 10 configured on the shield tail 9 to fill the gap between the segment 13 and the surrounding rock in the range of 90° at the bottom of the tunnel; bean-grained stone 17 is blown into the wall of the segment 13 through the bean-grained stone 17 holes reserved on the segment 13 to fill the gap between the segment 13 and the surrounding rock in the range of 270° at the top of the tunnel; Through the anchor holes 12 reserved on the arch segments 13, the anchor drilling rig 16 is used to drill holes and install prestressed anchor cables 15; 4 anchor holes 12 are reserved on each standard segment 13, and there are 12 anchor holes 12 in 3 standard blocks of the arch, which can cover the 130° range of the tunnel arch.

[0027] The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for illustrating the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A support system for a shield TBM in a crushed, collapsed and squeezed formation, characterized by: It includes a pipe shed support system at the front shield (1), a pipe shed support system at the middle shield (6), a segment support system at the shield tail (9), and an anchor cable support system at the shield exit position.

2. The support system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pipe support system at the front shield (1) position comprises a handheld drill (5), reserved pipe support holes arranged on the front shield (1) and a pipe support (3). The handheld drill (5) is used to drill holes in at least 8 pipe support (3) holes reserved in the front shield (1) and install the pipe support (3), and grouting is performed to reinforce the surrounding rock. The reserved pipe support holes of the front shield (1) are arranged in the gaps between the arch hinged cylinders (4), covering at least 120° of the tunnel arch.

3. The support system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pipe support system at the middle shield (6) position comprises an airborne drilling rig (14), reserved pipe support holes arranged on the middle shield (6) and a pipe support (3). The airborne drilling rig (14) is used to drill holes in at least five pipe support (3) holes reserved in the middle shield (6) and install the pipe support (3). Grouting is then performed to supplement and reinforce the surrounding rock of the arch. The reserved pipe support holes of the middle shield (6) are arranged in the gaps between the arch propulsion cylinders (8) to cover at least 64° of the tunnel arch.

4. The support system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The segment support system at the shield tail (9) position comprises a segment assembling machine (11), segments (13), a synchronous grouting pipe (10) and a pea-grain stone (17) pump. A whole ring of segments (13) is installed by means of the segment assembling machine (11). Quick-setting cement mortar (18) is injected behind the wall of the segment (13) through the synchronous grouting pipe (10) configured at the shield tail (9) to fill the gap between the segment (13) and the surrounding rock in a range of at least 90° at the bottom of the tunnel. Pea-grain stone (17) is blown behind the wall of the segment (13) through the pea-grain stone (17) pump to fill the gap between the segment (13) and the surrounding rock in a range of at least 270° at the top of the tunnel.

5. The support system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor cable support system at the shield position includes an anchor cable drill (16) and prestressed anchor cables (15). The anchor cable drill (16) is used to drill holes and install prestressed anchor cables (15) through at least 12 anchor cable holes (12) reserved on the tunnel top segment (13), covering a range of at least 130° of the arch.

6. A support method for a shield TBM in a broken, collapsed and squeezed formation, characterized by: Using the support system according to any one of claims 1 to 5 specifically comprises the following steps: S1: using a handheld drill (5) to drill holes through the reserved pipe shed holes of the front shield (1) and install the pipe shed (3), and inject grout to reinforce the surrounding rock; S2: using an airborne drilling rig (14) to drill holes through the reserved pipe shed holes of the middle shield (6) and install the pipe shed (3), and injecting grout to supplement and reinforce the surrounding rock of the arch; S3: using a segment assembly machine (11) to install a whole ring of segments (13), injecting quick-setting cement mortar (18) behind the segment (13) wall through a synchronous grouting pipe (10) to fill the gap between the segment (13) and the surrounding rock at the bottom of the tunnel, and blowing pea-grained stones (17) behind the segment (13) wall through pea-grained stone (17) holes to fill the gap between the segment (13) and the surrounding rock at the top of the tunnel; S4: using an anchor cable drilling machine (16) to drill holes through the anchor cable holes (12) reserved on the arch pipe segment (13) and install the prestressed anchor cable (15).

7. The supporting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S1, the number of the pipe shed (3) holes reserved by the front shield (1) is 8, which are arranged in the gaps between the arch hinge cylinders (4) and cover a 120° range of the tunnel arch.

8. The support method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, the number of the pipe shed (3) holes reserved by the middle shield (6) is 5, which are arranged in the gaps between the arch push cylinders (8) and cover a 64° range of the tunnel arch.

9. The supporting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3, the gap between the pipe segment (13) and the surrounding rock in a range of 90° at the bottom of the tunnel is filled, and the gap between the pipe segment (13) and the surrounding rock in a range of 270° at the top of the tunnel is filled.

10. The supporting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, four anchor holes (12) are reserved on each standard segment (13), and the three standard blocks of the arch have a total of 12 anchor holes (12), covering a 130° range of the tunnel arch.

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