Actuator, flap assembly and vehicle

Abstract

This application discloses an actuator, a cover assembly, and a vehicle. The drive mechanism includes a motor and a torque application assembly. The motor includes a motor shaft. The torque application assembly is configured to apply a first torque to the motor shaft when it rotates in a first rotational direction, and not to apply a torque to the motor shaft when it rotates in a second rotational direction; or, it is configured to apply a first torque to the motor shaft when it rotates in the first rotational direction, and apply a second torque to the motor shaft when it rotates in the second rotational direction. The first rotational direction is opposite to the second rotational direction. The first torque is greater than the second torque. Thus, when the motor is not energized, the motor shaft, which is conducive to rotation in the first rotational direction, is self-locked under the action of the first torque, while the motor shaft, which is conducive to rotation in the second rotational direction, is not resisted or continues to rotate under the action of a smaller second torque.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electric motors, and more particularly to an actuator, a cover assembly, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] The fuel filler cap or charging port cap of a vehicle is usually opened or closed by an actuator, which includes a motor. Currently, motors with self-locking functions cannot unlock under power failure or malfunction conditions, posing a safety hazard. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an actuator, a cover assembly, and a vehicle, wherein the resistance torque experienced by the motors rotating in opposite directions is different, in order to at least partially solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0004] According to a first aspect of this application, this application provides a drive mechanism, comprising:

[0005] Electric motor, including motor shaft; and

[0006] A resistance torque applying component is configured to apply a first resistance torque to the motor shaft when the motor shaft rotates along a first rotation direction, and not to apply a resistance torque to the motor shaft when the motor shaft rotates along a second rotation direction, wherein the first rotation direction is opposite to the second rotation direction; or, it is configured to apply a first resistance torque to the motor shaft when the motor shaft rotates along the first rotation direction, and to apply a second resistance torque to the motor shaft when the motor shaft rotates along the second rotation direction, wherein the first resistance torque is greater than the second resistance torque.

[0007] According to a second aspect of this application, this application also provides an actuator including the aforementioned drive mechanism.

[0008] According to a third aspect of this application, this application also provides a cover assembly including the aforementioned actuator.

[0009] According to a fourth aspect of this application, this application also provides a vehicle including the aforementioned cover assembly.

[0010] In some embodiments of the drive mechanism, actuator, cover assembly, and vehicle of this application, the resistance torque applying component applies a large first resistance torque to the motor shaft when the motor shaft rotates in a first rotational direction, and applies no resistance torque or a small second resistance torque to the motor shaft when the motor shaft rotates in a second rotational direction. Thus, when the motor is not energized, the motor shaft rotating in the first rotational direction is self-locked under the action of the first resistance torque, while the motor shaft rotating in the second rotational direction is not resisted or continues to rotate under the action of a small second resistance torque. In other words, the design of the drive mechanism is advantageous because when the motor is not energized, the motor shaft can self-lock when rotating in the first rotational direction, but not when rotating in the second rotational direction. Opening the cover of the cover assembly under the condition of motor self-locking requires a large external force, thereby ensuring the safety of the cover assembly when the cover is closed and improving vehicle safety. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the drive mechanism of some embodiments of this application under the action of a first external force;

[0012] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0013] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the drive mechanism under the action of a second external force.

[0014] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the middle;

[0015] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drive mechanism under the action of a first external force in some other embodiments of this application;

[0016] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified view of a portion of point C in the middle;

[0017] Figure 7 for Figure 5 The diagram shows the structure of the drive mechanism under the action of a second external force.

[0018] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified view of a portion of point D in the middle;

[0019] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the actuator structure according to some embodiments of this application;

[0020] Figure 10 for Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the clutch mechanism in the actuator under coupled and decoupled states;

[0021] Figure 11 for Figure 9 An exploded view of a portion of the actuator shown;

[0022] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the actuator structure for some other embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the actuator from one perspective for some other embodiments of this application;

[0024] Figure 14 for Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the actuator shown from another perspective;

[0025] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the actuator structure for some other embodiments of this application;

[0026] Figure 16 for Figure 15 The diagram shows the clutch mechanism in the actuator under coupled and decoupled states.

[0027] Figure 17 for Figure 15 An exploded view of a portion of the actuator shown;

[0028] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the actuator structure for some other embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 19 A schematic diagram of the actuator from one perspective for some other embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 20 for Figure 19 A schematic diagram of the actuator shown from another perspective;

[0031] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cover assembly according to some embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cover assembly according to some other embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cover assembly according to some other embodiments of this application;

[0034] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cover assembly according to some other embodiments of this application;

[0035] Figure 25 This is a block diagram of a vehicle according to some embodiments of this application.

[0036] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0037] 100. Drive mechanism; 11. Motor; 111. Motor shaft; 111B. Protruding end face; 111C. Free end; 112. Motor housing; 112A. Accommodating cavity; 112B. First opening; 112C. Second opening;

[0038] 1131. First guide structure; 1132. Second guide structure; 1133. Third guide structure;

[0039] 12. Resistance torque application assembly; 121. First limiting structure; 1211. First annular structure; 1211A. First axial annular end face; 1212. Second annular structure; 1212B. Second axial annular end face;

[0040] 122. Second limiting structure;

[0041] 200. Actuator; 20. Bidirectional transmission mechanism;

[0042] 21. First transmission mechanism; 211. Helical gear; 22. Second transmission mechanism;

[0043] 23. Third transmission mechanism; 233. Output gear;

[0044] 231. First transmission assembly; 2311. Worm gear; 2312. First helical gear; 2313. Third helical gear; 2314. Second spur gear; 2315. Second shaft;

[0045] 232. Second transmission assembly; 2321. Second helical gear; 2322. First spur gear; 2323. Third spur gear; 2324. Fourth spur gear; 2325. First shaft; 2326. Third shaft;

[0046] 30. Clutch mechanism; 301. First clutch part; 302. Second clutch part; 303. Elastic element; 304. Circumferential limiting part; 305. Axial stop part; 307. Elastic ring;

[0047] 40. Rotation detection device; 401. First rotation detection device; 4011. Magnetic ring; 4012. Hall sensor; 4013. Printed circuit board; 402. Second rotation detection device; 4021. Potentiometer;

[0048] 50. External casing;

[0049] 60. Output shaft;

[0050] 701. Locating pin; 702. Locating sleeve;

[0051] 300. Cover assembly; 3001. Cover; 3002. Position switch; 400. Vehicle;

[0052] X1, first rotation direction; X2, second rotation direction;

[0053] Z1, first axial direction; Z2, second axial direction. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0055] According to the first aspect of this application, referring to Figures 1 to 8 As shown, this application provides a drive mechanism 100. The drive mechanism 100 includes a motor 11 and a resistance torque applying assembly 12. The motor 11 includes a motor shaft 111. The resistance torque applying assembly 12 is configured to apply a first resistance torque to the motor shaft 111 when the motor shaft 111 rotates along a first rotation direction X1, and not apply a resistance torque to the motor shaft 111 when the motor shaft 111 rotates along a second rotation direction X2; or, it is configured to apply a first resistance torque to the motor shaft 111 when the motor shaft 111 rotates along the first rotation direction X1, and apply a second resistance torque to the motor shaft 111 when the motor shaft 111 rotates along the second rotation direction X2. The first resistance torque is greater than the second resistance torque. The first rotation direction X1 is opposite to the second rotation direction X2.

[0056] By employing the design of the drive mechanism 100 described above, when the motor 11 is not energized, the motor shaft 111 rotating in the first rotation direction X1 is self-locked under the action of the first resistance torque, while the motor shaft 111 rotating in the second rotation direction X2 is not subject to resistance or continues to rotate under the action of a smaller second resistance torque. In other words, the design of the drive mechanism 100 is such that when the motor 11 is not energized, the motor shaft 111 can self-lock when rotating in the first rotation direction X1, but does not self-lock when rotating in the second rotation direction X2.

[0057] It should be noted that when the motor 11 is energized, the driving torque of the motor shaft 111 is much greater than the first resistance torque. Therefore, the first or second resistance torque applied by the resistance torque application component 12 will not affect the normal rotation of the motor shaft 111 when the motor 11 is energized.

[0058] The direction of the first resistance torque is opposite to the first rotation direction X1. The first resistance torque can be much smaller than the driving torque generated when the motor 11 is driven, so as to ensure that the motor 11 can work normally when driven.

[0059] In some embodiments, the first resistance torque is greater than or equal to 0.0001 N·m and less than or equal to 10 N·m. This ensures that the motor shaft 111, rotating along the first rotation direction X1, is self-locked under the action of the first resistance torque, and ensures that the motor 111 can operate normally when energized.

[0060] Optionally, the first resistance torque is greater than or equal to 0.0005 N·m and less than or equal to 5 N·m. In this way, the motor shaft 111 rotating in the first rotation direction X1 is guaranteed to self-lock under the action of the first resistance torque, ensuring that the motor 11 can work normally when energized, and also reducing the design difficulty of the resistance torque application component 12.

[0061] Optionally, the first resistance torque is greater than or equal to 0.0009 N·m and less than or equal to 1 N·m. Optionally, the first resistance torque is greater than or equal to 0.001 N·m and less than or equal to 0.5 N·m. Optionally, the first resistance torque is greater than or equal to 0.001 N·m and less than or equal to 0.01 N·m.

[0062] It is understood that the first resistance torque can be any value between 0.0001 N·m and 10 N·m. For example, the first resistance torque can be 0.0001 N·m, 0.0005 N·m, 0.0008 N·m, 0.001 N·m, 0.005 N·m, 0.008 N·m, 0.01 N·m, 0.03 N·m, 0.05 N·m, 0.08 N·m, 0.1 N·m, 0.3 N·m, 0.5 N·m, 0.8 N·m, 1 N·m, 3 N·m, 5 N·m, 8 N·m, or 10 N·m. The resistance torque applying component 12 does not apply resistance torque to the motor shaft 111 or applies a small second resistance torque to the motor shaft when the motor shaft 111 rotates along the second rotation direction X2. This ensures that the motor shaft 111, which rotates in the second rotation direction X2 when no power is applied, can rotate easily.

[0063] When the motor shaft 111 rotates along the second rotation direction X2, the resistance torque applying component 12 may not work, or the resistance torque applied by the resistance torque applying component 12 to the motor shaft 111 may be 0 or approach 0, so that the resistance torque applying component 12 does not apply resistance torque to the motor shaft 111 when the motor shaft 111 rotates along the second rotation direction X2.

[0064] The direction of the second resistance torque is opposite to the second rotation direction X2. In some embodiments, the second resistance torque is greater than 0 N·m and less than or equal to 5 N·m. This configuration ensures that the second resistance torque is small enough to allow the motor shaft 111, which rotates along the second rotation direction X2 when not powered, to rotate easily, and also reduces the design complexity of the resistance torque application component 12.

[0065] In some embodiments, the second resistance torque is greater than 0.00001 N·m and less than or equal to 1 N·m. This setting results in a smaller second resistance torque, ensuring that the motor shaft 111, which rotates along the second rotation direction X2 when not powered, can rotate easily, and reducing the design complexity of the resistance torque application component 12.

[0066] Optionally, the second resistance torque is greater than or equal to 0.00005 N·m and less than or equal to 0.5 N·m. Optionally, the second resistance torque is greater than or equal to 0.0001 N·m and less than or equal to 0.1 N·m. Optionally, the second resistance torque is greater than or equal to 0.000001 N·m and less than or equal to 0.01 N·m.

[0067] It is understood that the second resistance torque can be any value greater than 0 N·m and less than or equal to 5 N·m. For example, the second resistance torque can be 0.000001 N·m, 0.000005 N·m, 0.000008 N·m, 0.00001 N·m, 0.00005 N·m, 0.00008 N·m, 0.0001 N·m, 0.0005 N·m, 0.0008 N·m, 0.001 N·m, 0.005 N·m, 0.0 08N·m, 0.01N·m, 0.05N·m, 0.08N·m, 0.1N·m, 0.5N·m, 0.8N·m, 1N·m, 1.5N·m, 1.8 N·m, 2N·m, 2.5N·m, 2.8N·m, 3N·m, 3.5N·m, 3.8N·m, 4N·m, 4.5N·m, 4.8N·m or 5N·m.

[0068] The first rotation direction X1 and the second rotation direction X2 are two different directions in which the motor shaft 111 rotates. When the motor is not powered, the motor shaft can self-lock when rotating in the first rotation direction X1, but it cannot self-lock when rotating in the second rotation direction X2. This is mainly related to the magnitude of the resistance torque experienced by the motor shaft when it rotates, and has nothing to do with the choice of rotation direction.

[0069] like Figures 1 to 2 as well as Figures 5 to 6As shown, in some embodiments, the resistance torque applying component 12 includes a first limiting structure 121. The first limiting structure 121 is configured to restrict the movement of the motor shaft 111 along the first axial direction Z1 and apply a first resistance torque to the motor shaft 111 when the motor shaft 111 is subjected to an axial force in the first axial direction Z1 and a torque in the first rotational direction X1. Thus, when the motor shaft 111 is subjected to an axial force in the first axial direction Z1, the motor shaft 111 contacts the first limiting structure 121, and the first limiting structure 121 restricts the movement of the motor shaft 111 along the first axial direction Z1. When the motor shaft 111 is in contact with the first limiting structure 121, the rotation of the motor shaft 111 relative to the first limiting structure 121 in the first rotational direction X1 causes friction between them, thereby generating the first resistance torque. The larger the contact area between the first limiting structure 121 and the motor shaft 111, and the larger the axial force in the first axial direction Z1, the larger the first resistance torque. In some embodiments, the first limiting structure 121 includes a first annular structure 1211 and a second annular structure 1212. The first annular structure 1211 is arranged around and connected to the motor shaft 111, that is, the first annular structure 1211 is arranged along the circumference of the motor shaft 111 and connected to the motor shaft 111. The second annular structure 1212 is arranged around the motor shaft 111, and the motor shaft 111 is rotatable in the second annular structure 1212. Under the action of the axial force of the first axis Z1, the motor shaft 111 drives the first annular structure 1211 to abut against the second annular structure 1212, and the first annular structure 1211 rotates relative to the second annular structure 1212 as the motor shaft 111 rotates along the first rotation direction X1, generating a first resistance torque. Thus, through the combination design of the first annular structure 1211 and the second annular structure 1212, when the motor shaft 111 is subjected to the axial force of the first axis Z1 and the torque of the first rotation direction X1, the first limiting structure 121 can restrict the movement of the motor shaft 111 along the first axis Z1 and apply the first resistance torque to the motor shaft 111.

[0070] It is understandable that the first limiting structure 121 can also adopt other limiting structure designs.

[0071] like Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the first annular structure 1211 has a first axial Z1 annular end face 1211A along the axial direction of the motor shaft 111, which faces the second annular structure 1212. The second annular structure 1212 has a second axial Z2 annular end face 1212B along the axial direction of the motor shaft 111, which faces the first annular structure 1211. When the first annular structure 1211 and the second annular structure 1212 abut against each other, the first axial Z1 annular end face 1211A and the second axial Z2 annular end face 1212B abut against each other.

[0072] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the first axial Z1 annular end face 1211A and the area of ​​the second axial Z2 annular end face 1212B may be different. This ensures better contact and friction between them. In one specific embodiment, the area of ​​the first axial Z1 annular end face 1211A may be larger than the area of ​​the second axial Z2 annular end face 1212B. In another specific embodiment, the area of ​​the first axial Z1 annular end face 1211A may be smaller than the area of ​​the second axial Z2 annular end face 1212B. In yet another specific embodiment, the area of ​​the first axial Z1 annular end face 1211A may be the same as the area of ​​the second axial Z2 annular end face 1212B.

[0073] In some embodiments, at least one of the first axial Z1 annular end face 1211A and the second axial Z2 annular end face 1212B is rough. This increases the contact area when the first axial Z1 annular end face 1211A and the second axial Z2 annular end face 1212B abut against each other, thereby increasing the first resistance torque.

[0074] In some embodiments, the first annular structure 1211 may be integral with the motor shaft 111. The material of the first annular structure 1211 may be the same as that of the motor shaft 111, and the first annular structure 1211 and the motor shaft 111 may be manufactured simultaneously. Alternatively, the material of the first annular structure 1211 may be different from that of the motor shaft 111, and the first annular structure 1211 may be formed on the motor shaft 111 by means of casting or the like.

[0075] In other embodiments, the first annular structure 1211 may also be detachably fitted onto the motor shaft 111.

[0076] In some embodiments, the motor 11 further includes a motor housing 112 having a receiving cavity 112A, wherein a portion of the first annular structure 1211, the second annular structure 1212, and the motor shaft 111 are located in the receiving cavity 112A. This avoids the first annular structure 1211 and the second annular structure 1212 occupying space outside the motor 11.

[0077] In some embodiments, a mounting groove for a second annular structure 1212 may be provided in the accommodating cavity 112A of the motor housing 112. The second annular structure 1212 may be installed in the mounting groove.

[0078] In some embodiments, the first annular structure 1211 and the second annular structure 1212 are arranged adjacent to each other. In this way, the distance between the second annular structures 1212 is small, and it is convenient for the first annular structure 1211 and the second annular structure 1212 to come into contact.

[0079] In other embodiments, at least one of the first annular structure 1211 and the second annular structure 1212 may also be disposed outside the motor housing 112 to facilitate the installation and removal of the first limiting structure 121. Exemplarily, both the first annular structure 1211 and the second annular structure 1212 are disposed outside the motor housing 112.

[0080] In some embodiments, the first annular structure 1211 and the second annular structure 1212 are arranged along the axial direction of the motor housing 112. In this way, when the motor shaft 111 moves along the axial direction of the motor housing 112, the first annular structure 1211 and the second annular structure 1212 are more likely to come into contact and generate a first resistance torque.

[0081] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 as well as Figure 7 As shown, along the axial direction of the motor housing 112, the motor housing 112 also includes a first opening 112B and a second opening 112C located at both ends, both of which communicate with the accommodating cavity 112A. Along the axial direction of the motor housing 112, the second opening 112C is located on the side of the first opening 112B away from the free end 111C of the motor shaft 111. The free end 111C of the motor shaft 111 has axial mobility.

[0082] In some embodiments, when the first annular structure 1211 and the second annular structure 1212 are located in the accommodating cavity 112A, the second annular structure 1212 is disposed close to the second opening 112C, and the first annular structure 1211 is located on the side of the second annular structure 1212 away from the second opening 112C.

[0083] In some embodiments, the motor 11 further includes at least one guide structure disposed in the receiving cavity 112A and located axially in the motor housing 112, the motor shaft 111 passing through the opening of the at least one guide structure to ensure that the motor shaft 111 moves linearly in the axial direction. In some embodiments, the guide structure includes, but is not limited to, bearings. In some embodiments, the bearings include, but are not limited to, lubricated bearings.

[0084] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the motor 11 includes a first guide structure 1131 and a second guide structure 1132. The first guide structure 1131 is disposed adjacent to the first opening 112B, and the second guide structure 1132 is disposed adjacent to the second opening 112C. The motor shaft 111 passes through the opening of the first guide structure 1131 and the opening of the second guide structure 1132 to better ensure that the motor shaft 111 moves linearly in the axial direction.

[0085] In some embodiments, the second annular structure 1212 can be a guide structure, such as the second guide structure 1132. In this way, the second annular structure 1212 not only serves as a limiting function, but also ensures that the motor shaft 111 moves linearly in the axial direction, simplifying the structure of the drive mechanism 100.

[0086] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, when the second annular structure 1212 is the second guide structure 1132, the motor shaft 111 passes through the second opening 112C, the opening of the second annular structure 1212, the opening of the first annular structure 1211, the accommodating cavity 112A, the opening of the first guide structure 1131, and the first opening 112B in sequence along the axial direction of the motor housing 112.

[0087] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 as well as Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, the drive mechanism 100 may further include a third guide structure 1133, which is disposed adjacent to the free end 111C of the motor shaft 111, with the motor shaft 111 passing through the opening of the third guide structure 1133. This ensures that the free end 111C of the motor shaft 111 moves more stably in a linear motion in the axial direction. The third guide structure 1133 may be a bearing. Figures 3 to 4 as well as Figure 7 as well as Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the resistance torque applying component 12 may further include a second limiting structure 122. The second limiting structure 122 is configured to restrict the movement of the motor shaft 111 along the second axis Z2 and apply a second resistance torque to the motor shaft 111 when the motor shaft 111 is subjected to an axial force in the second axis Z2 and a torque in the second rotation direction X2. The first axis Z1 is opposite to the second axis Z2. Thus, when the motor shaft 111 is subjected to an axial force in the second axis Z2, the motor shaft 111 contacts the second limiting structure 122, and the second limiting structure 122 restricts the movement of the motor shaft 111 along the second axis Z2. When the motor shaft 111 contacts the second limiting structure 122, the rotation of the motor shaft 111 relative to the second limiting structure 122 in the second rotation direction X2 causes friction between them, thereby generating a second resistance torque. The smaller the contact area between the second limiting structure 122 and the motor shaft 111, and the smaller the axial force in the second axis Z2, the smaller the second resistance torque.

[0088] The first axial direction Z1 and the second axial direction Z2 are two opposite directions along the axial direction of the motor shaft 111. In some embodiments, the axial force of the first axial direction Z1 is greater than the axial force of the second axial direction Z2. Thus, the first resistance torque generated by the axial force of the first axial direction Z1 is greater than the second resistance torque generated by the axial force of the second axial direction Z2.

[0089] In some embodiments, a second limiting structure 122 is disposed opposite to the free end 111C of the motor shaft 111 along its axial direction. Under the action of an axial force in the second axial direction Z2, the free end 111C of the motor shaft 111 abuts against the second limiting structure 122, and the free end 111C of the motor shaft 111 rotates relative to the second limiting structure 122 along the second rotation direction X2, forming a second resistance torque. This allows the second limiting structure 122 to be located at one end of the motor shaft 111 along its axial direction, thus better fulfilling its limiting function. Furthermore, the free end 111C of the motor shaft 111 and the second limiting structure 122 cooperate with each other. When the motor shaft 111 is subjected to an axial force in the second axial direction Z2 and a torque in the second rotation direction X2, the second limiting structure 122 restricts the movement of the motor shaft 111 along the second axial direction Z2 and applies a second resistance torque to the motor shaft 111.

[0090] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 as well as Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the second limiting structure 122 may be disposed inside the outer housing 50, which is located outside the drive mechanism 100. The outer housing 50 may be a gearbox housing a transmission structure such as gears, but is not limited thereto. Figure 5 , Figure 7 as well as Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the second limiting structure 122 may be a limiting block.

[0091] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 As shown, in some other embodiments, the second limiting structure 122 may also be integrated with an external structure located outside the drive mechanism 100. The external structure may be an external housing 50.

[0092] like Figure 4 and Figure 8As shown, in some embodiments, the free end 111C of the motor shaft 111 has a convex end face 111B, which protrudes towards the second limiting structure 122. This reduces the contact area between the convex end face 111B and the second limiting structure 122, decreasing the friction area when the convex end face 111B of the motor shaft 111 abuts against the second limiting structure 122, thereby reducing the second resistance torque and ensuring that the motor shaft 111 can rotate easily under the action of the second resistance torque.

[0093] In some embodiments, the convex end face 111B includes a curved surface, which includes, but is not limited to, at least one of a non-spherical curved surface, a spherical curved surface, and an elliptical curved surface.

[0094] In some embodiments, when the first limiting structure 121 applies a first resistance torque to the motor shaft 111, the first limiting structure 121 has a first friction area. When the second limiting structure 122 applies a second resistance torque to the motor shaft 111, the second limiting structure 122 has a second friction area, which is smaller than the first friction area. Thus, the first resistance torque (also known as the first frictional torque) generated by the first friction area is larger, while the second resistance torque (also known as the second frictional torque) generated by the second friction area is smaller.

[0095] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the first friction area can be the contact area between the first axial Z1 annular end face 1211A and the second axial Z2 annular end face 1212B when they abut against each other. Figure 4 and Figure 8 As shown, the second friction area can be the contact area between the first limiting structure 121 and the free end 111C of the motor shaft 111 when they come into contact.

[0096] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 as well as Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, a first transmission mechanism 21 is provided on the motor shaft 111. The first transmission mechanism 21 is configured to subject the motor shaft 111 to an axial force in the axial direction and a torque in the rotational direction under the action of an external force. The first transmission mechanism 21 may be located outside the motor housing 112 to facilitate the transmission of the driving force output by the motor shaft 111 and the reception of external forces. The first transmission mechanism 21 is located near the free end 111C of the motor shaft 111.

[0097] In some embodiments, the first transmission mechanism 21 includes a helical tooth 211. When an external force is applied to the helical tooth 211, the helical tooth 211 simultaneously applies an axial force and a torque in the rotational direction to the motor shaft 111. When a torque is applied to the helical tooth 211 in two different directions, the torque in one direction causes the motor shaft 111 to experience an axial force in the first axial direction Z1 and a torque in the first rotational direction X1, while the torque in the other direction causes the motor shaft 111 to experience an axial force in the second axial direction Z2 and a torque in the second rotational direction X2.

[0098] In some embodiments, a portion of the motor shaft 111 is a worm gear 2311, which includes helical teeth 211. Thus, the worm gear 2311 can convert received external forces into axial forces and torques on the motor shaft 111 along the axial direction.

[0099] Based on the above, it can be seen that, regarding the above... Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 as well as Figure 7 The drive mechanism shown has different resistance torques when the motor rotates in two different directions, thus enabling it to self-lock in one direction and not in the other.

[0100] It should be noted that the first and second resistance torques mentioned above will be discussed below. Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 as well as Figure 7 The drag torque application component shown is used as an example to describe how both are calculated. It is understood that if other designs are used for the drag torque application component, the calculation formulas for the first and second drag torques may also be used in other ways.

[0101] For example, the formula for calculating the resistance torque is shown in equation (1) below.

[0102] (1);

[0103] Where F is the axial thrust on the motor shaft, μ is the coefficient of friction of the contact surface, R is the outer radius of the contact surface, and r is the inner radius of the contact surface. The coefficient of friction of the contact surface is related to the material.

[0104] For the first resistance torque, F is equal to the axial force of the first axial direction Z1, R is equal to the radius of the outer ring of the annular contact surface formed when the first annular structure and the second annular structure abut against each other, and r is the radius of the inner ring of the annular contact surface formed when the first annular structure and the second annular structure abut against each other.

[0105] For the second resistance torque, F is equal to the axial force of the second axial direction Z2, R is equal to the radius of the contact surface formed when the convex end face 111B and the second limiting structure 122 abut against each other, and r is 0.

[0106] According to the second aspect of this application, referring to Figures 9 to 20 As shown, this application provides an actuator 200. The actuator 200 includes a drive mechanism 100 of any of the embodiments described above. Thus, the design of the drive mechanism 100 is advantageous because when the motor 11 of the actuator 200 is not powered, the motor shaft 111 can self-lock when rotating in the first rotation direction X1, but does not self-lock when rotating in the second rotation direction X2.

[0107] In some embodiments, the actuator 200 further includes an output shaft 60 and a bidirectional transmission mechanism 20. The output shaft 60 can receive not only the driving force output by the motor 11, but also external forces. The bidirectional transmission mechanism 20 is connected to the motor shaft 111 and the output shaft 60, and is configured to transmit power bidirectionally between the output shaft 60 and the motor shaft 111. That is, the bidirectional transmission mechanism 20 can transmit the driving force output by the motor shaft 111 to the output shaft 60 to drive an external driven device, and can also transmit the external force received by the output shaft 60 to the motor shaft 111 to drive the motor shaft 111 to rotate.

[0108] In some embodiments, such as Figure 9 , Figure 12 , Figure 15 as well as Figure 18 As shown, the bidirectional transmission mechanism 20 includes a first transmission mechanism 21, a second transmission mechanism 22, and a third transmission mechanism 23. The first transmission mechanism 21 is mounted on the motor shaft 111. The second transmission mechanism 22 is mounted on the output shaft 60. The third transmission mechanism 23 is connected to the first transmission mechanism 21 and the second transmission mechanism 22. Thus, power is transmitted bidirectionally between the output shaft 60 and the motor shaft 111 through the first transmission mechanism 21, the second transmission mechanism 22, and the third transmission mechanism 23.

[0109] like Figure 9 , Figure 12 , Figure 15 as well as Figure 18 As shown, in some embodiments, the third transmission mechanism 23 includes a first transmission assembly 231 and a second transmission assembly 232. The first transmission assembly 231 is disposed adjacent to and driven by the first transmission mechanism 21. The second transmission assembly 232 is disposed adjacent to the second transmission mechanism 22 and is connected to both the first transmission assembly 231 and the second transmission mechanism 22. Thus, by using at least two transmission assemblies to better achieve bidirectional power transmission between the output shaft 60 and the motor shaft 111, the structure of the third transmission mechanism 23 is simplified.

[0110] In some embodiments, the third transmission mechanism 23 may further include a third transmission assembly that is transmissionally connected to both the first transmission assembly 231 and the second transmission assembly 232.

[0111] It is understandable that the third transmission mechanism 23 may also include one or more transmission combinations.

[0112] In some embodiments, such as Figure 15 and Figure 18 As shown, when the first transmission mechanism 21 includes a helical gear 211 mounted on the motor shaft 111, the first transmission assembly 231 includes a worm gear 2311 and a first helical gear 2312. The first helical gear 2312 is coaxially connected to the worm gear 2311 and meshes with the helical gear 211. The worm gear 2311 is drive-connected to the second transmission assembly 232. Thus, transmission is achieved through the first helical gear 2312 and the helical gear 211 on the motor shaft 111, and transmission is achieved through the worm gear 2311 and the second transmission assembly 232.

[0113] It should be noted that the axial forces of the first axis Z1 and the second axis Z2 mentioned above can be generated by the first helical gear 2312 applying force to the helical teeth 211 on the motor shaft 111.

[0114] In some embodiments, the worm 2311 can be a double worm 2311, and the first helical gear 2312 can be a double gear.

[0115] In some embodiments, such as Figure 15 and Figure 18 As shown, the second transmission assembly 232 includes a second helical gear 2321 and a first spur gear 2322. The second helical gear 2321 meshes with a worm gear 2311. The first spur gear 2322 is coaxially arranged with the second helical gear 2321 and meshes with the second transmission mechanism 22. Thus, the second helical gear 2321 drives the worm gear 2311 of the first transmission assembly 231, and the first spur gear 2322 drives the second transmission mechanism 22.

[0116] In some embodiments, such as Figure 15 and Figure 18 As shown, the second transmission assembly 232 also includes a first shaft 2325, on which a second helical gear 2321 and a first spur gear 2322 are connected. This achieves a coaxial connection between the second helical gear 2321 and the first spur gear 2322.

[0117] It should be noted that, Figure 15 and Figure 18 The two-stage worm gear 2311 and the parallel shaft gear assembly in the bidirectional transmission mechanism 20 shown are not self-locking and can be driven in both directions.

[0118] In some embodiments, such as Figure 15 and Figure 18As shown, the extending direction of the worm gear 2311 intersects the extending direction of the motor shaft 111, and the extending direction of the first shaft 2325 intersects the extending direction of the worm gear 2311 and is parallel to the extending directions of the motor shaft 111 and the output shaft 60. Thus, Figure 15 and Figure 18 The overall structure shown is arranged in an L-shape.

[0119] In some embodiments, such as Figure 19 and Figure 20 As shown, Figure 15 and Figure 18 When the overall structure shown is set in the actuator 200 housing, the actuator 200 is L-shaped, which is more conducive to platform application, and the connector does not occupy additional space in some directions of the vehicle.

[0120] In some embodiments, such as Figure 9 and Figure 12 As shown, when the first transmission mechanism 21 includes a helical gear 211 mounted on the motor shaft 111, the first transmission assembly 231 includes a third helical gear 2313 and a second spur gear 2314. The third helical gear 2313 meshes with the helical gear 211. The second spur gear 2314 is coaxially arranged with the third helical gear 2313 and is connected to the second transmission assembly 232 for transmission. Transmission is achieved through the third helical gear 2313 and the helical gear 211 on the motor shaft 111, and through the second spur gear 2314 and the second transmission assembly 232.

[0121] In some embodiments, the first transmission assembly 231 further includes a second shaft 2315, on which a third helical gear 2313 and a second spur gear 2314 are connected. This achieves a coaxial connection between the third helical gear 2313 and the second spur gear 2314.

[0122] In some embodiments, such as Figure 9 and Figure 12 As shown, the second transmission assembly 232 includes a third spur gear 2323 and a fourth spur gear 2324. The third spur gear 2323 meshes with the second spur gear 2314. The fourth spur gear 2324 is coaxially arranged with the third spur gear 2323 and meshes with the second transmission mechanism 22. Thus, transmission is achieved through the third spur gear 2323 and the first transmission assembly 231, and through the fourth spur gear 2324 and the second transmission mechanism 22.

[0123] In some embodiments, the second transmission assembly 232 further includes a third shaft 2326, on which a third spur gear 2323 and a fourth spur gear 2324 are connected. This achieves a coaxial connection between the third spur gear 2323 and the fourth spur gear 2324.

[0124] It should be noted that, Figure 9 and Figure 12 The bidirectional transmission mechanism 20 shown has a first-stage worm gear 2311 and two-stage parallel shaft gear assemblies that are not self-locking and can be driven bidirectionally.

[0125] It should be noted that the axial forces of the first axis Z1 and the second axis Z2 mentioned above can be generated by the third helical gear 2313 applying force to the helical teeth 211 on the motor shaft 111.

[0126] In some embodiments, such as Figure 9 and Figure 12 As shown, the extending direction of the second shaft 2315 intersects the extending direction of the motor shaft 111, and the extending direction of the second shaft 2315 is the same as the extending direction of the third shaft 2326 and the output shaft 60. Thus, Figure 9 and Figure 12 The structure shown is arranged in a planar manner.

[0127] In some embodiments, such as Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, Figure 9 and Figure 12 When the overall structure shown is set in the housing of actuator 200, actuator 200 is planar, which is more conducive to platform application, and the connector does not occupy additional space in some directions of the vehicle.

[0128] In some embodiments, such as Figures 9 to 12 as well as Figures 15 to 18 As shown, the second transmission mechanism 22 includes an output gear 233, which is rotatably mounted on the output shaft 60. The output gear 233 is a spur gear.

[0129] It should be noted that the design of the bidirectional transmission mechanism 20 is not limited to... Figure 9 , Figure 12 , Figure 15 as well as Figure 18 The structural design shown can also employ other bidirectional transmission mechanisms 20 that can transmit power in both directions.

[0130] like Figure 10 and Figure 16 As shown, in some embodiments, the actuator 200 further includes a clutch mechanism 30. The clutch mechanism 30 includes a first clutch portion 301 and a second clutch portion 302. The first clutch portion 301 is sleeved on the output shaft 60, and the second clutch portion 302 is movably sleeved on the output shaft 60 and fixed to the second transmission mechanism 22. When the first clutch portion 301 and the second clutch portion 302 are coupled, torque is transmitted between the second transmission mechanism 22 and the output shaft 60. When the first clutch portion 301 and the second clutch portion 302 are decoupled, torque transmission between the second transmission mechanism 22 and the output shaft 60 is interrupted.

[0131] In some embodiments, such as Figure 10 and Figure 16 As shown, the first clutch portion 301 includes a plurality of first protrusions and a plurality of first recesses alternately arranged along its circumference. The second clutch portion 302 includes a plurality of second protrusions and a plurality of second recesses alternately arranged along its circumference. Figure 10 (B) and Figure 16 As shown in (B), when the first clutch portion 301 and the second clutch portion 302 are coupled, the first convex portion is located in the second concave portion, and the second convex portion is located in the first concave portion. Figure 10 (A) and Figure 16 As shown in (A), when the first clutch portion 301 and the second clutch portion 302 are decoupled, the plurality of first protrusions and the plurality of second protrusions abut against each other.

[0132] Regardless of whether the clutch mechanism 30 is in a decoupled or coupled state, the second transmission mechanism 22 meshes with the spur gear in the second transmission assembly 232.

[0133] like Figure 11 and Figure 17 As shown, when the second transmission mechanism 22 includes an output gear 233, the output gear 233 is rotatably mounted on the output shaft 60, and the second clutch portion 302 is fixedly connected to the output gear 233. The clutch mechanism 30 also includes a circumferential limiting portion 304 and an elastic member 303. The circumferential limiting portion 304 is arranged along the circumference of the output shaft 60. The elastic member 303 is mounted on the output shaft 60 and is disposed between the circumferential limiting portion 304 and the output gear 233, and elastically pushes the output gear 233 to provide a preload force to the second clutch portion 302 toward the first clutch portion 301. In this way, the elastic member 303 applies an elastic preload force to the output gear 233 to ensure that the second clutch portion 302 and the first clutch portion 301 are coupled together. Furthermore, when the torque applied to the output gear 233 is large enough to overcome the elastic preload applied to the output gear 233 by the elastic element 303, decoupling can be achieved between the second clutch part 302 and the first clutch part 301.

[0134] In some embodiments, the elastic element 303 includes, but is not limited to, a spring movably sleeved on the output shaft 60.

[0135] In some embodiments, such as Figure 11 As shown, the actuator 200 may further include an elastic ring 307 movably fitted onto the output shaft 60, the elastic ring 307 being located between the circumferential limiting portion 304 and the end of the output shaft 60. In some embodiments, the elastic ring 307 may be an O-ring seal.

[0136] like Figure 11 and Figure 17As shown, the actuator 200 may further include an axial stop 305 sleeved on the output shaft 60. The axial stop 305 is located on the side of the first clutch portion 301 opposite to the second clutch portion 302. Thus, the axial stop 305 serves to prevent the first clutch portion 301 from moving axially. Figure 11 As shown, the axial stop 305 can be an annular elastic retaining ring. Figure 17 As shown, the axial stop 305 can be an open retaining ring.

[0137] like Figure 9 , Figure 12 , Figure 15 as well as Figure 18 As shown, in some embodiments, the drive mechanism 100 further includes a first rotation detection device 401, which is fixed to the motor 11 and configured to detect rotation parameters when the motor shaft 111 rotates. The rotation parameters can be at least one of the rotation direction, rotation speed, and rotation stroke of the motor shaft 111. Thus, by detecting the rotation parameters of the motor shaft 111, the state of the motor shaft 111 can be monitored, thereby enabling control of the motor shaft 111.

[0138] In some embodiments, the first rotation detection device 401 includes a magnetic ring 4011 and at least one Hall sensor 4012. The magnetic ring 4011 is connected to the motor shaft 111 and configured to rotate with the motor shaft 111 when the motor shaft 111 rotates. The at least one Hall sensor 4012 is disposed on the motor 11 and configured to sense changes in the magnetic field of the magnetic ring 4011 when the motor shaft 111 rotates.

[0139] In some embodiments, the first rotation detection device 401 may further include a circuit board such as a printed circuit board 4013, which is fixed to the motor housing 112. At least one Hall sensor 4012 is fixed to the circuit board.

[0140] In some embodiments, a Hall sensor 4012 is fixed to the circuit board and can detect the rotational speed of the motor shaft 111. In other embodiments, two Hall sensors 4012 are spaced apart on the circuit board and can detect the rotational direction of the motor shaft 111. Furthermore, when one or two Hall sensors 4012 are fixed to the circuit board, the motor 11 can have a single-channel Hall or dual-channel Hall output function, enabling the external driven device driven by the motor 11 to perform on / off switching, reverse backing, or hovering functions when encountering obstacles.

[0141] In other embodiments, such as Figure 12 and Figure 18As shown, the actuator 200 also includes a second rotation detection device 402, which is connected to the output shaft 60 and configured to detect the rotation parameters of the output shaft 60 when it rotates. Thus, the rotation status of the output shaft 60 is monitored by the second rotation detection device 402.

[0142] In other embodiments, the second rotation detection device 402 may include a potentiometer 4021 connected to the output shaft 60 to detect the rotation angle of the output shaft 60. Furthermore, the actuator 200 has a potentiometer 4021 signal output function, enabling the driven external device driven by the motor 11 to reverse or hover when encountering an obstacle during opening / closing.

[0143] According to the third aspect of this application, referring to Figures 21 to 24 As shown, this application provides a cover assembly 300. The cover assembly 300 includes a cover 3001 and an actuator 200 of any of the above embodiments. The actuator 200 is connected to the cover 3001.

[0144] Based on the design of the actuator 200, when a first external force is applied to the cover 3001 in the closed position to open the cover, the first external force drives the motor shaft 111 to rotate in the first rotation direction X1 through the bidirectional transmission mechanism 20. When a second external force is applied to the cover in the open position to close the cover, the second external force drives the motor shaft 111 to rotate in the second rotation direction X2 through the bidirectional transmission mechanism 20. The minimum value of the second external force is less than the minimum value of the first external force. In this way, the second external force to close the cover can drive the motor shaft 111 to rotate in the second rotation direction X2, which makes it easier to start the motor 11 to drive the cover 3001 to close when the motor shaft 111 is detected to be rotating in the second rotation direction X2. This gives the actuator 200 a follow-up function, thereby reducing the second external force required to close the cover and improving the experience of closing the cover 3001. Furthermore, the minimum value of the second external force to close the cover is less than the minimum value of the first external force to open the cover. While reducing the second external force to close the cover, the minimum value of the first external force is increased, reducing the risk of the cover being opened accidentally under the action of external force, thereby improving the safety of the cover when closing.

[0145] It should be noted that, in this application, opening the lid includes both fully opening the lid and partially opening the lid. When the lid is fully opened, it rotates from the closed position to the fully open position; when the lid is partially opened, it rotates from the closed position to a position between the fully open and closed positions.

[0146] In some embodiments, the ratio of the minimum value of the first external force to the minimum value of the second external force is greater than or equal to 1.5 and less than or equal to 20. This setting ensures that the ratio of the minimum value of the first external force to the minimum value of the second external force is relatively large, thereby improving the safety of closing the lid and reducing the second external force required to close the lid, thus enhancing the experience of closing the lid 3001.

[0147] In some embodiments, the minimum value of the first external force is greater than or equal to 5N and less than or equal to 50N. This setting ensures that the minimum value of the first external force is appropriate, reduces the risk of the lid opening accidentally under the action of external force, thereby improving the safety of the lid when closed, and also ensures that the lid can be opened manually.

[0148] Optionally, the minimum value of the first external force is greater than or equal to 8N and less than or equal to 40N. Optionally, the minimum value of the first external force is greater than or equal to 10N and less than or equal to 35N. Optionally, the minimum value of the first external force is greater than or equal to 15N and less than or equal to 30N.

[0149] It is understood that the minimum value of the first external force can be any value between 5N and 50N. For example, the minimum value of the first external force can be 5N, 8N, 10N, 15N, 18N, 20N, 25N, 28N, 30N, 35N, 38N, 40N, 45N, 48N, or 50N.

[0150] In some embodiments, the minimum value of the second external force is greater than or equal to 0.5N and less than or equal to 20N. This setting reduces the minimum value of the second external force required to close the lid, improving the experience of closing the lid 3001.

[0151] Optionally, the minimum value of the second external force is greater than or equal to 1N and less than or equal to 18N. Optionally, the minimum value of the second external force is greater than or equal to 3N and less than or equal to 15N.

[0152] It is understood that the minimum value of the second external force can be any value between 0.5N and 20N. For example, the minimum value of the second external force can be 0.5N, 1N, 2N, 3N, 4N, 5N, 6N, 7N, 8N, 9N, 10N, 11N, 12N, 13N, 14N, 15N, 16N, 17N, 18N, 19N, or 20N.

[0153] It should be noted that the minimum values ​​of the first and second external forces can be obtained by measuring the force gauge.

[0154] The force gauge detects the minimum value of the first external force as follows: with the lid in the fully closed position, the force gauge measures the minimum value of the first external force required to open the lid at the test position. The test position is any location within a range of 0mm to 50mm from the edge of the lid. During the test, the angle between the direction of the force applied by the force gauge to the lid and the plane of the lid is 70° to 110°. The lid can be opened fully or partially. The lid can be opened horizontally or vertically.

[0155] The force gauge detects the minimum value of the second external force as follows: when the lid is in the fully open or partially open position, the force gauge measures the minimum value of the second external force required to close the lid at the test position. The test position is any location within a range of 0mm to 50mm from the edge of the lid. During the test, the angle between the direction of the force applied by the force gauge to the lid and the plane of the lid is 70° to 110°. The lid can be closed horizontally or vertically.

[0156] In some embodiments, the cover assembly 300 further includes a control device (not shown in the figure). The control device is configured to, when a second external force for closing the cover is applied to the cover in the open position, detect that the motor shaft 111 rotates in the second rotation direction X2, and / or detects that the output shaft 60 rotates by an angle exceeding a preset angle under the second external force, control the motor 11 to be energized. The energized motor 11's motor shaft 111 drives the cover to close via the bidirectional transmission mechanism 20 and the output shaft 60. Thus, by detecting the rotation of the motor shaft 111 and / or the output shaft 60 under the action of the second external force, the second external force for closing the cover is monitored. When the second external force for closing the cover is detected, the motor 11 is energized and the cover 3001 is driven to close, reducing the magnitude of the second external force to achieve the follow-up function of the actuator 200, thereby ensuring a better feel when the cover is closed.

[0157] It should be noted that the design of the first limiting structure 121 and the second limiting structure 122 mentioned above, since the motor shaft 111 does not self-lock when rotating along the second rotation direction X2, can be used to detect the second external force for closing the cover.

[0158] In some embodiments, the cover assembly further includes a rotation detection device 40, which is connected to the control device and configured to detect rotation parameters of at least one of the motor shaft 111 and the output shaft 60.

[0159] In some embodiments, the rotation detection device 40 may include at least one of the first rotation detection device 401 and the second rotation detection device 402 described above.

[0160] In some embodiments, when a first external force is applied to the cover 3001 in the closed position to open the cover 3001, the first clutch portion 301 and the second clutch portion 302, which are coupled to each other, are decoupled under the action of the first external force. Under the first external force, the motor shaft 111 rotates in the first rotation direction X1. Under the action of the first limiting structure 121, the motor shaft 111, which rotates in the first rotation direction X1, self-locks. After the motor shaft 111 self-locks, the bidirectional transmission mechanism 20, the output shaft 60, and the second clutch portion 302 on the output shaft 60 also cannot rotate. When the second external force is greater than the elastic preload applied to the second clutch portion 302 by the elastic member 303, the first clutch portion 301 and the second clutch portion 302 are decoupled, and the cover 3001 is forcibly opened under the second external force.

[0161] In some embodiments, when a second external force is applied to the cover in the open position to close the cover, or when the motor 11 is energized and drives the cover to open or close via the bidirectional transmission mechanism 20 and the output shaft 60, the first clutch 301 and the second clutch 302 are coupled to each other. This ensures that the clutch mechanism 30 is coupled when the cover is electrically opened, closed, or manually closed, thereby transmitting torque.

[0162] In some embodiments, the coupling torque of the clutch mechanism 30 is greater than the stall torque of the actuator 200. Thus, when the cover is electrically opened or closed, the clutch mechanism 30 is coupled, transmitting torque, which can transmit the stall torque of the actuator 200 without decoupling.

[0163] In some embodiments, such as Figure 21 and Figure 23 As shown, the cover assembly may also include a position switch 3002.

[0164] In some embodiments, the opening and closing modes of the motor 11 can be identified by using a position switch 3002 and a Hall sensor 4012 on the motor 11. When the lid is in the open state and is being closed electrically, the Hall sensor 4012 on the actuator 200 (also the Hall sensor 4012 on the motor 11) returns to zero, and the position switch is in the closed state. When the lid is in the closed state and is being opened electrically, the actuator 200 outputs a certain Hall value, and the position switch is in the open state. When the lid is in the open state and is being manually closed by a second external force, the actuator 200 outputs a certain Hall value, and the position switch is in the closed state. When the lid is in the closed state and is being manually opened, the Hall value of the actuator 200 remains unchanged, and the position switch is in the open state.

[0165] In other embodiments, the opening and closing modes of the motor 11 can be identified by using two position switches and a Hall sensor 4012 on the motor 11. When the lid is in the open state and is being closed electrically, the Hall sensor of the actuator 200 returns to zero, the first position switch is in the closed state, and the second position switch is in the open state. When the lid is in the closed state and is being opened electrically, the actuator 200 outputs a certain Hall sensor value, the first position switch is in the open state, and the second position switch is in the closed state. When the lid is in the open state and is being manually closed by a second external force, the actuator 200 outputs a certain Hall sensor value, the first position switch is in the closed state, and the second position switch is in the open state. When the lid is in the closed state and is being manually closed by a first external force, the Hall sensor value of the actuator 200 remains unchanged, and the first and second position switches are in the open state.

[0166] In some embodiments, the actuator 200 has a concentric structure, which includes a locating pin and a locating sleeve. When the locating pin and locating sleeve are assembled with the cover body, they can ensure that they are concentric with the cover shaft connected to the output shaft 60 and the cover during assembly, thereby improving the stability during transmission.

[0167] The following are Figure 9 and Figure 15 The process by which the actuator 200 closes the cover under the action of a first external force and opens the cover under the action of a second external force is described in detail.

[0168] When the lid is in the closed position, manually forcibly opening the lid using a first external force drives the non-self-locking bidirectional transmission mechanism 20 to the motor shaft 111 via the lid's rotating shaft connected to the lid. This first external force subjectes the motor shaft 111 to an axial force in the first axis Z1 and a torque in the first rotation direction X1. Under the action of the axial force in the first axis Z1, the first annular structure 1211 contacts the second annular structure 1212, and the resulting frictional torque increases with the increase of the axial force, achieving self-locking of the motor shaft 111. Further increasing the magnitude of the first external force causes the first clutch portion 301 and the second clutch portion 302 of the clutch mechanism 30 to decouple, thus decoupling the clutch mechanism 30 and achieving the forced opening function of the lid. Continuously prying at a certain angle (e.g., 90°) will cause the clutch mechanism 30 to enter the next coupling position, re-coupling the power. The relatively large first external force also provides a certain degree of anti-tampering effect.

[0169] When the lid is in the open position, if the lid is manually closed by a second external force, the lid's rotating shaft drives the non-locking bidirectional transmission mechanism 20 to the motor shaft 111. This second external force subjectes the motor shaft 111 to an axial force in the second axis Z2 and a torque in the second rotation direction X2. Under the action of the axial force in the second axis Z2, the free end 111C of the motor shaft 111 contacts the second limiting structure 122. The contact area is small, resulting in a small frictional torque, allowing the motor shaft 111 to rotate easily under the torque. The magnetic ring 4011 on the motor shaft 111 rotates together. When the Hall sensor 4012 on the circuit board detects the rotation of the motor shaft 111, it transmits the signal sensed by the Hall sensor 4012 to the control device. The control device drives the entire actuator 200 to complete the lid closing, thus achieving the follow-up function. The second external force is relatively small, resulting in a good customer experience.

[0170] Figure 12 and Figure 18 The actuator 200 shown implements the forced opening function of the cover in the following way: Figure 9 and Figure 15 The actuator 200 shown operates in the same way, so it will not be described again here. Figure 12 and Figure 18 The actuator 200 shown implements the follow-up function of the lid in the same way as... Figure 9 and Figure 15 The follow-up function of the actuator 200 shown is also basically similar, and the similarities will not be repeated. The difference is that when the output shaft 60 rotates under the second external force, the potentiometer 4021 on the output shaft 60 detects that the output shaft 60 rotates by an angle, and transmits the signal sensed by the potentiometer 4021 to the control device. The control device controls the actuator 200 to electrically drive the lid to close, thereby realizing the follow-up function.

[0171] like Figure 25 As shown, according to a fourth aspect of this application, this application also provides a vehicle 400, which includes the aforementioned cover assembly 300.

[0172] Some embodiments of this application have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0173] (1) The bidirectional transmission mechanism of the actuator can transmit in both directions without self-locking. However, under the action of the first and second limit structures, the entire transmission system can achieve self-locking in one direction and non-self-locking in the other direction when reverse driven by external force. The self-locking direction realizes the forced opening function of the lid, and the non-self-locking direction realizes the follow-up function of the lid.

[0174] (2) When the actuator is forcibly closed under the second external force, since the internal transmission system does not self-lock, only a small second external force needs to be applied to easily rotate the cover and realize the follow-up function, thus ensuring a better feel when the cover is closed.

[0175] (3) When the actuator is forcibly opened under the first external force, due to the self-locking of the internal transmission system, a large force needs to be applied to decouple the clutch mechanism to realize the forced opening function, which can ensure the safety when the cover is closed.

[0176] (4) The actuator can sense the user’s manual closing action and quickly perform electric closing of the lid, giving the user a more intelligent experience in the electric closing scenario.

[0177] (5) The design of the bidirectional transmission component adopted by the actuator makes the actuator more conducive to platform application.

[0178] (6) The actuator uses a Hall sensor and / or a potentiometer. In the follow-up function, the Hall sensor detects the signal of the motor shaft rotation and / or the potentiometer detects the rotation angle of the output shaft and transmits it to the control device.

[0179] The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the technical solutions and core ideas of this application; those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An actuator, characterized in that, include: Drive mechanism, output shaft, bidirectional transmission mechanism, and clutch mechanism; The drive mechanism includes: Electric motor, including motor shaft; and A resistance torque applying component is configured to apply a first resistance torque to the motor shaft when the motor shaft rotates along a first rotation direction, and not apply a resistance torque to the motor shaft when the motor shaft rotates along a second rotation direction; or, it is configured to apply a first resistance torque to the motor shaft when the motor shaft rotates along the first rotation direction, and apply a second resistance torque to the motor shaft when the motor shaft rotates along the second rotation direction, wherein the first resistance torque is greater than the second resistance torque; the first rotation direction is opposite to the second rotation direction; the resistance torque applying component includes: A first limiting structure is configured to restrict movement of the motor shaft along the first axial direction and apply the first resistance torque to the motor shaft when the motor shaft is subjected to an axial force in the first axial direction and a torque in the first rotational direction; and The second limiting structure is configured to restrict the movement of the motor shaft along the second axis and apply the second resistance torque to the motor shaft when the motor shaft is subjected to an axial force in the second axis and a torque in the second rotation direction. The first axis is opposite to the second axis. The bidirectional transmission mechanism is connected to the motor shaft and the output shaft, and is configured to transmit power bidirectionally between the output shaft and the motor shaft. The bidirectional transmission mechanism includes: The first transmission mechanism is mounted on the motor shaft; A second transmission mechanism is disposed on the output shaft; and The third transmission mechanism is connected to the first transmission mechanism and the second transmission mechanism in a transmission connection. The clutch mechanism includes a first clutch part and a second clutch part. The first clutch part is sleeved on the output shaft, and the second clutch part is movably sleeved on the output shaft and fixed to the second transmission mechanism. When the first clutch part and the second clutch part are coupled, torque is transmitted between the second transmission mechanism and the output shaft. When the first clutch part and the second clutch part are decoupled, the transmission of torque between the second transmission mechanism and the output shaft is interrupted.

2. The actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the first limiting structure applies the first resistance torque to the motor shaft, the first limiting structure has a first friction area; When the second limiting structure applies the second resistance torque to the motor shaft, the second limiting structure has a second friction area, which is smaller than the first friction area.

3. The actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first limiting structure includes a first annular structure and a second annular structure. The first annular structure is arranged around the motor shaft and connected to the motor shaft, and the second annular structure is arranged around the motor shaft. Under the action of the axial force in the first axial direction, the motor shaft drives the first annular structure to abut against the second annular structure. The first annular structure rotates relative to the second annular structure as the motor shaft rotates in the first rotation direction, generating the first resistance torque.

4. The actuator according to claim 3, characterized in that, The motor also includes a motor housing with a receiving cavity, wherein the first annular structure, the second annular structure, and a portion of the motor shaft are located in the receiving cavity.

5. The actuator according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first ring structure and the second ring structure are arranged adjacent to each other.

6. The actuator according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second ring structure is a guide structure.

7. The actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second limiting structure is disposed opposite to the free end of the motor shaft in the axial direction of the motor shaft; under the action of the axial force in the second axial direction, the free end of the motor shaft abuts against the second limiting structure; when the free end of the motor shaft rotates in the second rotation direction and rotates relative to the second limiting structure, the second resistance torque is generated.

8. The actuator according to claim 7, characterized in that, The free end of the motor shaft has a convex end face, which protrudes in a direction close to the second limiting structure.

9. The actuator according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, A first transmission mechanism is provided on the motor shaft, and the free end of the motor shaft is adjacent to the first transmission mechanism. The first transmission mechanism includes helical teeth.

10. The actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive mechanism also includes: The first rotation detection device is fixed to the motor and is configured to detect the rotation parameters when the motor shaft rotates.

11. The actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first resistance torque is greater than or equal to 0.0001 N·m and less than or equal to 10 N·m.

12. The actuator according to claim 1 or 11, characterized in that, The first resistance torque is greater than or equal to 0.0005 N·m and less than or equal to 5 N·m; or, The first resistance torque is greater than or equal to 0.0009 N·m and less than or equal to 1 N·m; or, The first resistance torque is greater than or equal to 0.001 N·m and less than or equal to 0.5 N·m.

13. The actuator according to claim 1 or 11, characterized in that, The second resistance torque is greater than 0 N·m and less than or equal to 5 N·m.

14. The actuator according to claim 13, characterized in that, The second resistance torque is greater than 0.00001 N·m and less than or equal to 1 N·m; or, The second resistance torque is greater than or equal to 0.00005 N·m and less than or equal to 0.5 N·m; or, The second resistance torque is greater than or equal to 0.0001 N·m and less than or equal to 0.1 N·m.

15. The actuator according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The first transmission mechanism includes helical teeth disposed on the motor shaft.

16. The actuator according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The third transmission mechanism includes: A first transmission assembly is disposed adjacent to and connected to the first transmission mechanism; and The second transmission assembly is disposed adjacent to the second transmission mechanism and is connected to the first transmission assembly and the second transmission mechanism in a transmission manner.

17. The actuator according to claim 16, characterized in that, The first transmission mechanism includes helical teeth disposed on the motor shaft; the first transmission assembly includes: The worm gear is connected to the second transmission assembly; and The first helical gear is coaxially connected to the worm and meshes with the helical gear.

18. The actuator according to claim 17, characterized in that, The second transmission assembly includes: A second helical gear meshes with the worm gear; and The first spur gear is coaxially arranged with the second helical gear and meshes with the second transmission mechanism.

19. The actuator according to claim 18, characterized in that, The second transmission assembly further includes: a first shaft, with the second helical gear and the first spur gear connected to the first shaft.

20. The actuator according to claim 19, characterized in that, The extension direction of the worm gear intersects the extension direction of the motor shaft, and the extension direction of the first shaft intersects the extension direction of the worm gear and is parallel to the extension directions of the motor shaft and the output shaft.

21. The actuator according to claim 16, characterized in that, The first transmission mechanism includes helical teeth disposed on the motor shaft; the first transmission assembly includes: A third helical gear meshes with the helical gear; and The second spur gear is coaxially arranged with the third helical gear and is connected to the second transmission assembly.

22. The actuator according to claim 21, characterized in that, The first transmission assembly also includes a second shaft, and the third helical gear is connected to the second spur gear on the second shaft.

23. The actuator according to claim 21, characterized in that, The second transmission assembly includes: The third spur gear meshes with the second spur gear; and The fourth spur gear is coaxially arranged with the third spur gear and meshes with the second transmission mechanism.

24. The actuator according to claim 23, characterized in that, The second transmission assembly further includes a third shaft, on which the third spur gear and the fourth spur gear are connected.

25. The actuator according to claim 24, characterized in that, The first transmission assembly further includes a second shaft, and the third helical gear is connected to the second spur gear on the second shaft; The extension direction of the second shaft intersects the extension direction of the motor shaft, and the extension direction of the second shaft is the same as the extension direction of the third shaft and the output shaft.

26. The actuator according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The second transmission mechanism includes an output gear, which is rotatably mounted on the output shaft.

27. The actuator according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The second transmission mechanism includes an output gear, which is rotatably mounted on the output shaft, and the second clutch is fixedly connected to the output gear; The clutch mechanism further includes: A circumferential limiting portion is provided circumferentially along the output shaft; and An elastic element is sleeved on the output shaft, positioned between the circumferential limiting portion and the output gear, and elastically pushes the output gear to provide a preload force to the second clutch portion toward the first clutch portion.

28. The actuator according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The actuator further includes: The second rotation detection device, connected to the output shaft, is configured to detect the rotation parameters when the output shaft rotates.

29. A cover assembly, characterized in that, Includes the actuator as described in any one of claims 1-28.

30. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the cover assembly of claim 29.

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