Ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing spiral microchannel

Abstract

The invention relates to an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel, which comprises an ammonia gas tank, a reactor, a combustor, a first heat exchanger and a fan, and the ammonia gas tank is communicated with an ammonia gas inlet of the reactor; the reactor comprises a plurality of sleeves which are arranged at intervals in a sleeving manner, and a partition plate is arranged between every two adjacent sleeves; an ammonia gas pipeline is arranged on the outer wall of each sleeve, a flue gas pipeline is arranged on the inner wall of each sleeve, the ammonia gas pipeline and the flue gas pipeline are not communicated with each other, and the partition plate covers the ammonia gas pipeline on the outer wall of one sleeve and the flue gas pipeline on the other sleeve at the same time; an ammonia gas inlet and a flue gas outlet are formed in one end of the reactor, and a decomposed gas outlet and a flue gas inlet are formed in the other end of the reactor; the combustor is communicated with the flue gas inlet, the decomposed gas outlet is communicated with the first heat exchanger, and the first heat exchanger is communicated with the fan and the combustor. According to the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing the spiral channel, the heat exchange area between gases is increased, the overall ammonia decomposition efficiency and effect are improved, and energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ammonia decomposition hydrogen production equipment, and in particular to a sleeve-type ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral microchannel. Background Art

[0002] In the context of global energy conservation and emission reduction, hydrogen energy, as an important bridge connecting the transition from fossil energy to renewable energy, has attracted widespread attention from countries around the world. As a clean energy with great potential, hydrogen energy is considered an important carrier for achieving sustainable energy supply and circulation. Ammonia decomposition hydrogen production technology, as an important branch in the field of hydrogen production, is highly favored due to its mature process and high safety. Although traditional ammonia decomposition hydrogen production equipment can meet the demand for hydrogen production to a certain extent, it still has shortcomings in energy utilization, reaction efficiency and environmental pollution control. In order to overcome these shortcomings, efficient and environmentally friendly ammonia decomposition hydrogen production technology is needed.

[0003] Chinese patent CN118743962A discloses an electric heating integrated ammonia reforming hydrogen production system for waste heat utilization, including an ammonia inlet end cover, an ammonia gas inlet, a heat medium outlet, an internal cylinder, a heat medium inlet, a reflux chamber shell cover, a decomposition gas outlet, an ammonia inlet tube sheet, a baffle, a reaction microtube, a reflux chamber tube sheet, a catalyst, a fin, a decomposition gas reflux pipe, a guide vane, a heating chamber shell, and a U-shaped electric heating tube. The invention integrates a heater, a heat exchanger, and a reactor into one, and divides the reaction system into a heating chamber and a heat exchange chamber through an internal cylinder. The exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the ammonia hydrogen engine is electrically heated in the heating chamber and spirally enters the heat exchange chamber at a certain angle to provide energy for the ammonia decomposition reaction; the decomposed ammonia and hydrogen mixed gas enters the ammonia hydrogen engine for its combustion and energy supply; however, the structure of the ammonia reforming hydrogen production system is relatively complex. In the case of large air volume, the heat exchange effect is easily uneven due to the continuous change of the flow direction of the heat exchange gas in the cylinder, and it is difficult to achieve a full and complete transfer of heat during the heat exchange process, and the energy consumption is relatively large. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the defects of the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system in the prior art, such as low decomposition efficiency, high energy consumption and uneven decomposition, complex structure and high equipment cost, an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system with spiral microchannels is provided, which has a compact structure and can maximize the heat exchange area between gases within a limited volume, thereby improving the overall ammonia decomposition efficiency and effect, while reducing energy consumption and simplifying the structure.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel, comprising an ammonia tank, a reactor, a burner, a first heat exchanger and a fan, the ammonia tank is connected to the ammonia inlet of the reactor; the reactor comprises a plurality of sleeves arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, the plurality of sleeves are arranged at intervals from each other, and a partition is arranged between two adjacent sleeves; an ammonia pipeline is opened on the outer wall of each sleeve, a flue gas pipeline is opened on the inner wall of each sleeve, the ammonia pipeline and the flue gas pipeline on each sleeve are not connected to each other, and the partition between the two adjacent sleeves simultaneously covers the ammonia pipeline on the outer wall of one sleeve and the flue gas pipeline on the outer wall of the other sleeve. a flue gas pipe on the sleeve; an ammonia inlet and a flue gas outlet are arranged at one end of the reactor, the ammonia inlet is connected to the ammonia pipes on multiple sleeves at the same time, and the flue gas outlet is connected to the flue gas pipes on multiple sleeves at the same time; a decomposition gas outlet and a flue gas inlet are arranged at the other end of the reactor, the decomposition gas outlet is connected to the ammonia pipes on multiple sleeves at the same time, and the flue gas inlet is connected to the flue gas pipes on multiple sleeves at the same time; the burner is connected to the flue gas inlet, the decomposition gas outlet is connected to the first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger is connected to the fan and the burner respectively, and the first heat exchanger can transfer the heat of the gas discharged from the decomposition gas outlet to the air introduced from the fan.

[0006] Furthermore, it also includes a nitrogen tank, an ammonia pipe and a nitrogen tank arranged in parallel, the ammonia tank and the nitrogen tank are connected to the ammonia inlet of the reactor at the same time, an ammonia valve is arranged between the ammonia tank and the ammonia inlet, and a nitrogen valve is arranged between the nitrogen tank and the ammonia inlet.

[0007] Furthermore, the ammonia pipeline is a curved structure, the ammonia pipeline is spirally arranged on the outer wall of the sleeve, the open end of the ammonia pipeline is connected to the top of the sleeve, the outlet end of the ammonia pipeline is connected to the bottom of the sleeve, and there is a gap between the various parts of the spirally arranged ammonia pipeline; the opening of the ammonia pipeline and the outlet of the ammonia pipeline are arranged opposite to each other and are located on the same side of the sleeve.

[0008] Furthermore, the smoke duct is a curved structure, the smoke duct is spirally arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve, the open end of the smoke duct is connected to the bottom of the sleeve, the outlet end of the smoke duct is connected to the top of the sleeve, and there are gaps between the various parts of the spirally arranged smoke duct; the opening of the smoke duct and the outlet of the smoke duct are arranged opposite to each other and are located on the same side of the sleeve; the smoke duct and the ammonia duct are symmetrically arranged; the opening of the smoke duct and the pipe body of the smoke duct are perpendicular to each other, and the outlet of the smoke duct and the pipe body of the smoke duct are perpendicular to each other.

[0009] Furthermore, the opening of the flue gas duct is perpendicular to the main body of the flue gas duct, and the outlet of the flue gas duct is perpendicular to the main body of the flue gas duct; the opening of the ammonia duct is perpendicular to the main body of the ammonia duct, and the outlet of the ammonia duct is perpendicular to the main body of the ammonia duct.

[0010] Furthermore, the openings of the ammonia pipes on the multiple pipes are all set in the same direction, the outlets of the ammonia pipes on the multiple sleeves are set in the same direction, the openings of the smoke pipes on the multiple sleeves are all set in the same direction, and the outlets of the smoke pipes on the multiple sleeves are set in the same direction; the openings of the ammonia pipes on the multiple sleeves are connected to the ammonia inlet at the same time, the outlets of the ammonia pipes on the multiple sleeves are connected to the decomposition gas outlet at the same time, the openings of the smoke pipes on the multiple sleeves are connected to the smoke inlet at the same time, and the outlets of the smoke pipes on the multiple sleeves are connected to the smoke outlet at the same time.

[0011] Furthermore, the diameter of the ammonia pipe is less than 3 mm, and the diameter of the flue gas pipe is less than 3 mm.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a second heat exchanger, which is connected to the smoke outlet and the fan respectively, and the second heat exchanger is connected to the first heat exchanger. The second heat exchanger can transfer the residual heat of the smoke after heat exchange to the air introduced from the fan.

[0013] Furthermore, the decomposed gas outlet is communicated with the first heat exchanger, and one of the outlets of the first heat exchanger is simultaneously communicated with the purification device and the burner.

[0014] Furthermore, a first mixed gas valve is provided between the outlet of the first heat exchanger connected to both the purification device and the burner and the burner, and a second mixed gas valve is provided between the outlet of the first heat exchanger connected to both the purification device and the burner and the purification device.

[0015] The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing spiral microchannels described in the present invention adopts a sleeve arranged from the inside to the outside, and the inner wall and outer wall of the sleeve are respectively provided with a smoke channel and an ammonia channel of a microchannel structure. In a highly integrated environment, the flow distance of ammonia and flue gas is increased, and the full reaction of ammonia is promoted. Heat exchange between ammonia and flue gas occurs on each sleeve, which effectively improves the heat exchange efficiency between ammonia and flue gas, so that ammonia can be fully and evenly absorbed and decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen; the heat loss in the heat exchange process is minimized, the energy consumption in the ammonia decomposition process is reduced, and the use of catalysts is omitted, thereby reducing the operating cost; and the heat of the decomposed gas after the reaction and the heat of the flue gas after the heat exchange are effectively utilized in the decomposition process to provide heat for air combustion, thereby reducing the energy consumption generated by additional heating of the air. Combined with a sleeve-type reactor containing spiral microchannels with high and sufficient heat exchange efficiency, the heat remaining after the ammonia decomposition reaction is utilized to maximize the efficiency of ammonia decomposition, thereby promoting the effective decomposition of ammonia. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a microchannel reactor of an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel according to the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first sleeve structure of a microchannel reactor of an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second sleeve structure of a microchannel reactor of an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the third sleeve structure of a microchannel reactor of an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth sleeve structure of a microchannel reactor of an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fifth sleeve structure of a microchannel reactor of an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 The present invention is a schematic diagram of assembling a multi-layer sleeve and a plurality of spacers of a microchannel reactor of an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel of the present invention comprises an ammonia tank 1, a reactor 3, a burner 4, a first heat exchanger 5 and a fan 7.

[0027] The ammonia tank 1 is connected to the ammonia inlet 31 of the reactor 3;

[0028] The reactor 3 includes a plurality of sleeves which are sequentially sleeved from the inside to the outside, the plurality of sleeves are spaced apart from each other, and a partition is provided between two adjacent sleeves; an ammonia pipeline is provided on the outer wall of each sleeve, and a flue gas pipeline is provided on the inner wall of each sleeve, the ammonia pipeline and the flue gas pipeline on each sleeve are not connected to each other, and the partition between two adjacent sleeves simultaneously covers the ammonia pipeline on the outer wall of one sleeve and the flue gas pipeline on the other sleeve; an ammonia inlet 31 and a flue gas outlet 34 are provided at one end of the reactor 3, the ammonia inlet 31 is simultaneously connected to the ammonia pipelines on the plurality of sleeves, and the flue gas outlet 34 is simultaneously connected to the flue gas pipelines on the plurality of sleeves; a decomposition gas outlet 33 and a flue gas inlet 32 ​​are provided at the other end of the reactor 3, the decomposition gas outlet 33 is simultaneously connected to the ammonia pipelines on the plurality of sleeves, and the flue gas inlet 32 ​​is simultaneously connected to the flue gas pipelines on the plurality of sleeves;

[0029] The burner 4 is connected to the flue gas inlet 32, and the decomposition gas outlet 33 is connected to the first heat exchanger 5. The first heat exchanger 5 is connected to the fan 7 and the burner 4 respectively. The first heat exchanger 5 can transfer the heat of the gas discharged from the decomposition gas outlet 33 to the air introduced from the fan 7.

[0030] exist Figure 1 In the invention, the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing spiral microchannels comprises an ammonia tank 1 and a nitrogen tank 2, the ammonia tank 1 and the nitrogen tank 2 are arranged in parallel, the ammonia tank 1 and the nitrogen tank 2 are simultaneously connected to the ammonia inlet 31 of the reactor 3, an ammonia valve 11 is arranged between the ammonia tank 1 and the ammonia inlet 31, and a nitrogen valve 21 is arranged between the nitrogen tank 2 and the ammonia inlet 31, and the ammonia flow rate introduced from the ammonia tank 1 to the ammonia inlet 31 is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the ammonia valve 11; and the effective decomposition of ammonia is achieved. Accurate control; by connecting the nitrogen tank 2 with the ammonia inlet 31 to introduce the nitrogen in the nitrogen tank 2 into the ammonia inlet 31 of the reactor 3, the multiple ammonia pipelines in the reactor 3 are purged with nitrogen before new ammonia is introduced for ammonia decomposition reaction, thereby reducing the content of residual ammonia in the multiple ammonia pipelines and improving the decomposition efficiency of ammonia; by adjusting the opening of the nitrogen valve 12 to adjust the nitrogen flow rate introduced from the nitrogen tank 2 to the ammonia inlet 31, so as to achieve effective purging of the multiple ammonia pipelines in the reactor 3.

[0031] like Figure 2 to Figure 8As shown, the reactor 3 includes a first sleeve 361, a second sleeve 362, a third sleeve 363, a fourth sleeve 364 and a fifth sleeve 365. The fifth sleeve 365, the fourth sleeve 364, the third sleeve 363, the second sleeve 362 and the first sleeve 361 are sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside. There is a first gap between the first sleeve 361 and the second sleeve 362, a second gap between the second sleeve 362 and the third sleeve 363, and a second gap between the third sleeve 363 and the fourth sleeve 364. There is a third gap, and there is a fourth gap between the fourth sleeve 364 and the fifth sleeve 365; wherein, a first ammonia pipeline 3611 is arranged on the outer wall of the first sleeve 361, and the first ammonia pipeline 3611 is a curved structure, the open end of the first ammonia pipeline 3611 is connected to the top of the first sleeve 361, and the outlet end of the first ammonia pipeline 3611 is connected to the bottom of the first sleeve 361, and the first ammonia pipeline 3611 is spirally arranged on the outer wall of the first sleeve 361, and the spirally arranged There is a gap between each part of the first ammonia pipeline 3611; by surrounding the first ammonia pipeline 3611 on the first sleeve 361, the flow distance of ammonia in the first ammonia pipeline 3611 is extended, so that ammonia can fully absorb heat and undergo a decomposition reaction; specifically, the opening of the first ammonia pipeline 3611 and the outlet of the first ammonia pipeline 3611 are located on the same vertical straight line, the straight line formed by connecting the opening of the first ammonia pipeline 3611 and the outlet of the first ammonia pipeline 3611 is parallel to the extension direction of the reactor 3, the opening of the first ammonia pipeline 3611 and the outlet of the first ammonia pipeline 3611 are arranged opposite to each other and are located on the same side of the first sleeve 361; the opening of the first ammonia pipeline 3611 and the pipeline body of the first ammonia pipeline 3611 are perpendicular to each other, and the outlet of the first ammonia pipeline 3611 and the pipeline body of the first ammonia pipeline 3611 are perpendicular to each other, which further extends the flow distance and flow time of ammonia in the spirally arranged first ammonia pipeline 3611, so that ammonia can be fully and effectively decomposed;

[0032] Similarly, a first flue gas duct 3612 is arranged on the inner wall of the first sleeve 361, and the first flue gas duct 3612 is a curved structure. The open end of the first flue gas duct 3612 is connected to the bottom of the first sleeve 361, and the outlet end of the first flue gas duct 3612 is connected to the top of the first sleeve 361. The first flue gas duct 3612 is spirally arranged on the inner wall of the first sleeve 361, and there are gaps between the various parts of the spirally arranged first flue gas duct 3612; by surrounding the first flue gas duct 3612 on the inner wall of the first sleeve 361, the flow distance of the flue gas in the first flue gas duct 3612 is extended, so that the heat of the flue gas in the process of flowing in the first flue gas duct 3612 can be fully and completely transferred to the inside of the reactor 3, providing sufficient heat for the decomposition of ammonia, which is conducive to the full absorption of heat by ammonia and the decomposition reaction; specifically, The opening of the first flue gas duct 3612 and the outlet of the first flue gas duct 3612 are located on the same vertical straight line, the straight line formed by connecting the opening of the first flue gas duct 3612 and the outlet of the first flue gas duct 3612 is parallel to the extension direction of the reactor 3, the opening of the first flue gas duct 3612 and the outlet of the first flue gas duct 3612 are arranged opposite to each other and are located on the same side of the first sleeve 361; the opening of the first flue gas duct 3612 and the pipe body of the first flue gas duct 3612 are perpendicular to each other, and the outlet of the first flue gas duct 3612 and the pipe body of the first flue gas duct 3612 are perpendicular to each other, which further extends the flow distance and flow time of the flue gas in the spirally arranged first flue gas duct 3612, so that the ammonia can be fully and effectively decomposed; more specifically, the first flue gas duct 3612 and the first ammonia duct 3611 are symmetrically arranged.

[0033] The second sleeve 362 is disposed inside the first sleeve 361, a first gap exists between the inner wall of the first sleeve 361 and the outer wall of the second sleeve 362, the shape of the first sleeve 361 corresponds to the shape of the second sleeve 362, a first partition 352 is disposed in the middle of the first gap, the shape of the first partition 352 corresponds to the shape of the first sleeve 361 and the shape of the second sleeve 362, the outer wall of the first partition 352 fits with the inner wall of the first sleeve 361, and the inner wall of the first partition 352 is The wall of the second sleeve 362 is in contact with the outer wall of the second sleeve 362; a second ammonia pipe 3621 with a curved structure is provided on the outer wall of the second sleeve 362, and a second flue gas pipe 3622 with a curved structure is provided on the inner wall of the second sleeve 362. The shape of the second ammonia pipe 3621 corresponds to the shape of the first ammonia pipe 3611, and the shape of the second flue gas pipe 3622 corresponds to the shape of the first flue gas pipe 3612. The position of the second ammonia sleeve 3621 relative to the second sleeve 362 is the same as that of the first ammonia pipe. The first smoke duct 3611 has the same position relative to the first sleeve 361; the position of the second smoke duct 3622 relative to the second sleeve 362 is the same as the position of the first smoke duct 3612 relative to the first sleeve 361; the first smoke duct 3612 is aligned with the second ammonia duct 3621, the outer wall of the first partition 352 covers the first smoke duct 3612, and the inner wall of the first partition 352 covers the second ammonia duct 3621, so as to prevent the smoke in the first smoke duct 3612 from flowing through In the process, the ammonia in the first ammonia pipeline 3621 is combined, thereby affecting the purity of the gas decomposed from the ammonia; more specifically, the opening of the first flue gas pipeline 3612 is aligned with the opening of the second flue gas pipeline 3622, the outlet of the first flue gas pipeline 3612 is aligned with the outlet of the second flue gas pipeline 3622, the opening of the first ammonia pipeline 3611 is aligned with the opening of the second ammonia pipeline 3612, and the outlet of the first ammonia pipeline 3611 is aligned with the outlet of the second ammonia pipeline 3612.

[0034] The third sleeve 363 is arranged inside the second sleeve 362, a second gap is formed between the inner wall of the second sleeve 362 and the outer wall of the third sleeve 363, the shape of the second sleeve 362 corresponds to the shape of the third sleeve 363, a second partition 353 is arranged in the middle of the second gap, the shape of the second partition 353 corresponds to the shape of the second sleeve 362 and the shape of the third sleeve 363, the outer wall of the second partition 353 is in contact with the inner wall of the second sleeve 362, and the inner wall of the second partition 353 is in contact with the inner wall of the second sleeve 362. The wall of the third sleeve 363 is in contact with the outer wall of the third sleeve 363; a third ammonia pipe 3631 with a curved structure is provided on the outer wall of the third sleeve 363, and a third flue gas pipe 3632 with a curved structure is provided on the inner wall of the third sleeve 363. The shape of the third ammonia pipe 3631 corresponds to the shape of the second ammonia pipe 3621, and the shape of the third flue gas pipe 3632 corresponds to the shape of the second flue gas pipe 3622. The position of the third ammonia sleeve 3631 relative to the third sleeve 363 is the same as that of the second ammonia pipe. The position of the third smoke duct 3632 relative to the third sleeve 363 is the same as the position of the second smoke duct 3622 relative to the second sleeve 362; the second smoke duct 3622 is aligned with the third ammonia duct 3631, the outer wall of the second partition 353 covers the second smoke duct 3622, and the inner wall of the second partition 353 covers the third ammonia duct 3631, so as to prevent the smoke in the second smoke duct 3622 from flowing through In the process, the ammonia in the third ammonia pipeline 3631 converges and affects the purity of the gas decomposed from the ammonia; more specifically, the opening of the second flue gas pipeline 3622 is aligned with the opening of the third flue gas pipeline 3632, the outlet of the second flue gas pipeline 3622 is aligned with the outlet of the third flue gas pipeline 3632, the opening of the second ammonia pipeline 3621 is aligned with the opening of the third ammonia pipeline 3632, and the outlet of the second ammonia pipeline 3621 is aligned with the outlet of the third ammonia pipeline 3632.

[0035] The fourth sleeve 364 is arranged inside the third sleeve 363, a third gap exists between the inner wall of the third sleeve 363 and the outer wall of the fourth sleeve 364, the shape of the third sleeve 363 corresponds to the shape of the fourth sleeve 364, a third partition plate 354 is arranged in the middle of the third gap, the shape of the third partition plate 354 corresponds to the shape of the third sleeve 363 and the shape of the fourth sleeve 364, the outer wall of the third partition plate 354 fits with the inner wall of the third sleeve 363, and the inner wall of the third partition plate 354 The outer wall of the fourth sleeve 364 is in contact with the outer wall of the fourth sleeve 364; a fourth ammonia pipe 3641 with a curved structure is provided on the outer wall of the fourth sleeve 364, and a fourth flue gas pipe 3642 with a curved structure is provided on the inner wall of the fourth sleeve 364. The shape of the fourth ammonia pipe 3641 corresponds to the shape of the third ammonia pipe 3631, and the shape of the fourth flue gas pipe 3642 corresponds to the shape of the third flue gas pipe 3632. The position of the fourth ammonia sleeve 3641 relative to the fourth sleeve 364 is the same as that of the third ammonia pipe. The position of the fourth smoke duct 3642 relative to the fourth sleeve 364 is the same as the position of the third smoke duct 3632 relative to the third sleeve 363; the third smoke duct 3632 is aligned with the fourth ammonia duct 3641, the outer wall of the third partition 354 covers the third smoke duct 3632, and the inner wall of the third partition 354 covers the fourth ammonia duct 3641, so as to prevent the smoke in the third smoke duct 3632 from flowing through In the process, the ammonia in the fourth ammonia pipeline 3641 converges and affects the purity of the gas decomposed from the ammonia; more specifically, the opening of the third flue gas duct 3632 is aligned with the opening of the fourth flue gas duct 3642, the outlet of the third flue gas duct 3632 is aligned with the outlet of the fourth flue gas duct 3642, the opening of the third ammonia pipeline 3631 is aligned with the opening of the fourth ammonia pipeline 3642, and the outlet of the third ammonia pipeline 3631 is aligned with the outlet of the fourth ammonia pipeline 3642.

[0036] The fifth sleeve 365 is arranged inside the fourth sleeve 364, a fourth gap exists between the inner wall of the fourth sleeve 364 and the outer wall of the fifth sleeve 365, the shape of the fourth sleeve 364 corresponds to the shape of the fifth sleeve 365, a fourth partition plate 355 is arranged in the middle of the fourth gap, the shape of the fourth partition plate 355 corresponds to the shape of the fourth sleeve 364 and the shape of the fifth sleeve 365, the outer wall of the fourth partition plate 355 fits with the inner wall of the fourth sleeve 364, the inner wall of the fourth partition plate 355 The outer wall of the fifth sleeve 365 is in contact with the outer wall of the fifth sleeve 365; a fifth ammonia pipe 3651 with a curved structure is provided on the outer wall of the fifth sleeve 365, and a fifth flue gas pipe 3652 with a curved structure is provided on the inner wall of the fifth sleeve 365. The shape of the fifth ammonia pipe 3651 corresponds to the shape of the fourth ammonia pipe 3641, and the shape of the fifth flue gas pipe 3652 corresponds to the shape of the fourth flue gas pipe 3642. The position of the fifth ammonia sleeve 3651 relative to the fifth sleeve 365 is the same as that of the fourth ammonia pipe. The position of the fifth flue gas duct 3652 relative to the fifth sleeve 365 is the same as the position of the fourth flue gas duct 3642 relative to the fourth sleeve 364; the fourth flue gas duct 3642 is aligned with the fifth ammonia duct 3651, the outer wall of the fourth partition 355 covers the fourth flue gas duct 3642, and the inner wall of the fourth partition 355 covers the fifth ammonia duct 3651, so as to prevent the flue gas in the fourth flue gas duct 3642 from flowing through In the process, the ammonia in the fifth ammonia pipeline 3651 converges and affects the purity of the gas decomposed from the ammonia; more specifically, the opening of the fourth flue gas duct 3642 is aligned with the opening of the fifth flue gas duct 3652, the outlet of the fourth flue gas duct 3642 is aligned with the outlet of the fifth flue gas duct 3652, the opening of the fourth ammonia pipeline 3641 is aligned with the opening of the fifth ammonia pipeline 3652, and the outlet of the fourth ammonia pipeline 3641 is aligned with the outlet of the fifth ammonia pipeline 3652.

[0037] The fifth sleeve 365 is provided with a central partition 356, which is a cylindrical structure. The cross-sectional shape of the fifth partition 356 corresponds to the fifth sleeve 365, and the outer wall of the fifth partition 356 covers the fifth flue gas duct 3652 on the inner wall of the fifth partition 365, so as to prevent the flue gas from merging with the ammonia in the fifth ammonia pipe 3651 during the flow of the flue gas in the fifth flue gas duct 3652 and affecting the purity of the discharged mixed gas; the outer wall of the first sleeve 361 is covered with an outer partition 351, which is a cylindrical structure, and the inner wall of the outer partition 351 is fitted with the outer wall of the first sleeve 351; the outer partition 351 covers the first ammonia channel 3611 on the outer wall of the first sleeve 351.

[0038] Specifically, the opening of the first ammonia pipeline 3611, the opening of the second ammonia pipeline 3621, the opening of the third ammonia pipeline 3631, the opening of the fourth ammonia pipeline 3641 and the opening of the fifth ammonia pipeline 3651 are all arranged in a uniform direction and aligned with each other, located on the same straight line and connected to the ammonia inlet 31 at the same time; after the ammonia enters the interior of the reactor 3 through the ammonia inlet 31, the ammonia enters the first ammonia pipeline 3611, the second ammonia pipeline 3621, the third ammonia pipeline 3631, the fourth ammonia pipeline 3641 and the fifth ammonia pipeline 3651 respectively through the ammonia inlet 31 and flows along the corresponding ammonia pipelines The gas mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen decomposes in the corresponding ammonia pipelines through the outlet of the first ammonia pipeline 3611, the outlet of the second ammonia pipeline 3621, the outlet of the third ammonia pipeline 3631, the outlet of the fourth ammonia pipeline 3641 and the outlet of the fifth ammonia pipeline 3651, which are aligned with each other and located on the same straight line and are connected to the decomposed gas outlet 33 at the same time. The mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen decomposed in the corresponding ammonia pipelines passes through the outlet of the first ammonia pipeline 3611, the outlet of the second ammonia pipeline 3621, the outlet of the third ammonia pipeline 3631, the outlet of the fourth ammonia pipeline 3641 and the outlet of the fifth ammonia pipeline 3651, respectively. The decomposed gas is discharged from the outlet of the decomposition gas duct 3651, and finally discharged from the reactor 3 through the decomposition gas outlet 33; the opening of the first flue gas duct 3612, the opening of the second flue gas duct 3622, the opening of the third flue gas duct 3632, the opening of the fourth flue gas duct 3642 and the opening of the fifth flue gas duct 3652 are aligned with each other and located on the same straight line, and are connected to the flue gas inlet 32 ​​at the same time; after the high-temperature gas burned by the burner 4 enters the reactor 3 through the flue gas inlet 32, it enters along the first flue gas duct 3612, the second flue gas duct 3622, the third flue gas duct 3632, the fourth flue gas duct 3642 The flue gas flows in a spiral flow with the fifth flue gas duct 3652, and during the spiral flow of the flue gas, its own heat is transferred to the ammonia flowing in the multiple ammonia ducts, so as to heat the ammonia and promote the endothermic decomposition of the ammonia; the outlet of the first flue gas duct 3612, the outlet of the second flue gas duct 3622, the outlet of the third flue gas duct 3632, the outlet of the fourth flue gas duct 3642 and the outlet of the fifth flue gas duct 3652 are arranged in alignment with each other and are located on the same straight line, and are connected to the flue gas outlet 34 at the same time; after flowing in the multiple flue gas ducts, the flue gas after heat exchange is gathered at the outlets of the respective flue gas ducts, and then discharged from the reactor 3 through the flue gas outlet 34;More specifically, the ammonia inlet 31, the smoke inlet 32, the decomposition gas outlet 33 and the smoke outlet 34 have the same shape, and the ammonia inlet 31, the smoke inlet 32, the decomposition gas outlet 33 and the smoke outlet 34 all include a connecting collecting portion and a guiding portion; the guiding portion of the ammonia inlet 31 is connected to the ammonia tank 1, and the collecting portion of the ammonia inlet 31 is simultaneously connected to the opening of the first ammonia pipeline 3611, the opening of the second ammonia pipeline 3621, the opening of the third ammonia pipeline 3631, the opening of the fourth ammonia pipeline 3641 and the opening of the fifth ammonia pipeline 3651; the guiding portion of the smoke inlet 32 The gas inlet 32 ​​is connected to the burner 4, and the collection part of the flue gas inlet 32 ​​is connected to the opening of the first flue gas duct 3612, the opening of the second flue gas duct 3622, the opening of the third flue gas duct 3632, the opening of the fourth flue gas duct 3642 and the opening of the fifth flue gas duct 3652; the guide part of the decomposition gas outlet 33 is connected to the first heat exchanger 5, and the collection part of the decomposition gas outlet 33 is connected to the outlet of the first ammonia pipeline 3611, the outlet of the second ammonia pipeline 3621, the outlet of the third ammonia pipeline 3631, the outlet of the fourth ammonia pipeline 3641 and the outlet of the fifth ammonia pipeline 3651. ;

[0039] Preferably, the first ammonia pipeline 3611, the second ammonia pipeline 3621, the third ammonia pipeline 3631, the fourth ammonia pipeline 3641 and the fifth ammonia pipeline 3651; and the first flue gas pipeline 3612, the second flue gas pipeline 3622, the third flue gas pipeline 3632, the fourth flue gas pipeline 3642 and the fifth flue gas pipeline 3652 are all microchannel structures, and the first ammonia pipeline 3611, the second ammonia pipeline 3621, the third ammonia pipeline 3631, the fourth ammonia pipeline 3641 and the fifth ammonia pipeline 3651; and the diameters of the first flue gas pipeline 3612, the second flue gas pipeline 3622, the third flue gas pipeline 3632, the fourth flue gas pipeline 3642 and the fifth flue gas pipeline 3652 are all less than 3 mm.

[0040] The multi-layer sleeves are arranged from the inside to the outside at intervals, and spirally arranged flue gas ducts and ammonia ducts are respectively opened on the inner wall and outer wall of each sleeve, and partitions are correspondingly arranged between adjacent sleeves, and the partitions cover the flue gas ducts and ammonia ducts of adjacent sleeves at the same time, so as to prevent the flue gas and ammonia from converging during the flow process and affecting the decomposition of ammonia; so that ammonia and flue gas can respectively enter the multiple spirally arranged flue gas ducts and multiple ammonia ducts and flow in a spiral manner, thereby improving the integration of the equipment and the flow distance of ammonia and flue gas, so that ammonia and flue gas can flow fully and for a long time in a highly integrated environment, effectively improving the heating effect of ammonia, so that ammonia can be fully heated and decomposed to form hydrogen and nitrogen; at the same time, since spirally structured flue gas ducts and ammonia ducts are opened on the inner wall and outer wall of each sleeve, combined with the blocking effect of the corresponding partitions, direct heat exchange between flue gas and ammonia can be carried out on each sleeve, and the ammonia in the ammonia duct on the outer wall of each sleeve Both can achieve sufficient and uniform heat exchange, greatly improve the heat exchange efficiency between flue gas and ammonia, and reduce the heat loss of the reactor, with a longer heat exchange length and time; further, flue gas pipes and ammonia pipes with a diameter of less than 3 mm are respectively arranged on the sleeve structure, so that the gas flow speed in the corresponding pipes is equivalent, and multiple sleeves therefore have a higher pressure resistance effect, effectively reducing the heat loss during the gas flow process, while also ensuring that ammonia can fully flow and exchange heat with the flue gas, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the reactor. Compared with the traditional reactor structure containing microchannels, the use of ammonia decomposition catalyst is omitted, which reduces the operating cost and improves the decomposition effect of ammonia; similarly, since the flow direction of ammonia is opposite to that of the flue gas, and the flow directions of ammonia and flue gas are both vertical; it is conducive to cross-flow heat exchange between ammonia and flue gas, further improving the heat exchange effect between ammonia and flue gas; and improving the stability of the reactor 3.

[0041] exist Figure 1In order to improve the energy utilization rate of the whole system and reduce the energy consumption of the system, preferably, the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing spiral channels also includes a second heat exchanger 6, the second heat exchanger 6 is connected with the flue gas outlet 34 and the fan 7, the second heat exchanger 6 is connected with the first heat exchanger 5, the flue gas after heat exchange is discharged through the flue gas outlet 34 and enters the second heat exchanger 6, the second heat exchanger 6 can transfer the residual heat of the flue gas after heat exchange to the air introduced from the fan 7, the air preliminarily heated by the second heat exchanger 6 enters the first heat exchanger 5, the remaining flue gas after heat exchange is discharged from the second heat exchanger 6 and vented at a high point; the first heat exchanger 5 is connected with the decomposition gas outlet 33 of the reactor 3, the first heat exchanger 5 can transfer the heat of the decomposed hydrogen and nitrogen discharged from the reactor 3 to the preliminarily heated air introduced from the second heat exchanger 6; the air is further heated. Heating, thereby reducing the heat required for combustion of the gas in the subsequent burner 4, achieving effective utilization of energy in the process of ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen, and reducing energy consumption; in order to ensure the heat of the gas after combustion in the burner 4, provide sufficient heat for the decomposition of ammonia in the reactor 3 and promote the effective decomposition of ammonia, preferably, the outlet of the first heat exchanger 5 for discharging the mixed gas is connected to the burner 4; the discharged part of the mixed gas containing hydrogen after heat exchange is introduced into the burner 4 as the fuel of the burner 4, and the gas mixed with the heated air after combustion is introduced into the flue gas inlet 32 ​​of the reactor 3 to provide heat for the decomposition of ammonia in the reactor 3; more specifically, in order to improve the purity of hydrogen in the gas produced by the system and further reduce the influence of residual ammonia on ammonia decomposition, the outlet of the first heat exchanger 5 for discharging the mixed gas is also connected to the purification device 8, and the purification device 8 is used to adsorb and improve the purity of the discharged mixed gas and reduce the ammonia content in the mixed gas.

[0042] In order to increase the flow rate of the mixed gas introduced into the burner 4 and the flow rate of the mixed gas produced by the system, specifically, a first mixed gas valve 51 is provided between the first heat exchanger 5 and the burner 4, and a second mixed gas valve 52 is provided between the first heat exchanger 5 and the purification device 8. By correspondingly adjusting the openings of the first mixed gas valve 51 and the second mixed gas valve 52, the flow rate of the mixed gas entering the burner 4 and the purification device 8 from the first heat exchanger 5 is adjusted to achieve a balance between heating ammonia and extracting and storing the mixed gas.

[0043] The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing spiral microchannels adopts a reactor in which a sleeve is arranged from the inside to the outside, and a smoke channel and an ammonia channel with a microchannel structure are respectively arranged on the inner wall and the outer wall of the sleeve, thereby increasing the flow distance of ammonia and smoke in a highly integrated environment and promoting the full reaction of ammonia. Heat exchange between ammonia and smoke occurs on each sleeve, effectively improving the heat exchange efficiency between ammonia and smoke, so that ammonia can be fully and evenly absorbed and decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen; the heat loss in the heat exchange process is reduced to the greatest extent, the energy consumption in the ammonia decomposition process is reduced, and the use of catalysts is omitted, thereby reducing the operating cost; and the heat of the decomposed gas after the reaction and the heat of the smoke after the heat exchange are effectively used in the decomposition process to provide heat for air combustion, thereby reducing the energy consumption generated by additional heating of the air. Combined with the high and sufficient heat exchange efficiency of the sleeve-type reactor containing spiral microchannels, the heat remaining after the ammonia decomposition reaction is used to maximize the efficiency of ammonia decomposition, thereby promoting the effective decomposition of ammonia.

[0044] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. However, the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel, comprising an ammonia tank, a reactor, a burner, a first heat exchanger and a fan, characterized in that: The ammonia tank is in communication with the ammonia inlet of the reactor; The reactor comprises a plurality of sleeves which are sequentially sleeved from the inside to the outside, the plurality of sleeves are spaced apart from each other, and a partition is arranged between two adjacent sleeves; an ammonia pipeline is provided on the outer wall of each sleeve, a flue gas pipeline is provided on the inner wall of each sleeve, the ammonia pipeline and the flue gas pipeline on each sleeve are not connected to each other, and the partition between two adjacent sleeves simultaneously covers the ammonia pipeline on the outer wall of one sleeve and the flue gas pipeline on the other sleeve; an ammonia inlet and a flue gas outlet are provided at one end of the reactor, the ammonia inlet is simultaneously connected to the ammonia pipelines on the plurality of sleeves, and the flue gas outlet is simultaneously connected to the flue gas pipelines on the plurality of sleeves; a decomposition gas outlet and a flue gas inlet are provided at the other end of the reactor, the decomposition gas outlet is simultaneously connected to the ammonia pipelines on the plurality of sleeves, and the flue gas inlet is simultaneously connected to the flue gas pipelines on the plurality of sleeves; The burner is connected to the flue gas inlet, the decomposition gas outlet is connected to the first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger is connected to the fan and the burner respectively, and the first heat exchanger transfers the heat of the gas discharged from the decomposition gas outlet to the air introduced from the fan.

2. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a nitrogen tank, the ammonia pipe and the nitrogen tank are arranged in parallel, the ammonia tank and the nitrogen tank are connected to the ammonia inlet of the reactor at the same time, an ammonia valve is arranged between the ammonia tank and the ammonia inlet, and a nitrogen valve is arranged between the nitrogen tank and the ammonia inlet.

3. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia pipeline is a curved structure, and is spirally arranged on the outer wall of the sleeve. The open end of the ammonia pipeline is connected to the top of the sleeve, and the outlet end of the ammonia pipeline is connected to the bottom of the sleeve. There is a gap between the various parts of the spirally arranged ammonia pipeline; the opening of the ammonia pipeline and the outlet of the ammonia pipeline are arranged opposite to each other and are located on the same side of the sleeve.

4. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The smoke duct is a curved structure, and is spirally arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve. The open end of the smoke duct is connected to the bottom of the sleeve, and the outlet end of the smoke duct is connected to the top of the sleeve. There is a gap between the various parts of the spirally arranged smoke duct; the opening of the smoke duct and the outlet of the smoke duct are arranged opposite to each other and are located on the same side of the sleeve; the smoke duct and the ammonia duct are symmetrically arranged; the opening of the smoke duct and the pipe body of the smoke duct are perpendicular to each other, and the outlet of the smoke duct and the pipe body of the smoke duct are perpendicular to each other.

5. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The opening of the ammonia pipeline is perpendicular to the pipeline body of the ammonia pipeline, and the outlet of the ammonia pipeline is perpendicular to the pipeline body of the ammonia pipeline.

6. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The openings of the ammonia pipes on the multiple sleeves are all arranged in the same direction, the outlets of the ammonia pipes on the multiple sleeves are arranged in the same direction, the openings of the smoke pipes on the multiple sleeves are all arranged in the same direction, and the outlets of the smoke pipes on the multiple sleeves are arranged in the same direction; the openings of the ammonia pipes on the multiple sleeves are simultaneously connected to the ammonia inlet, the outlets of the ammonia pipes on the multiple sleeves are simultaneously connected to the decomposition gas outlet, the openings of the smoke pipes on the multiple sleeves are simultaneously connected to the smoke inlet, and the outlets of the smoke pipes on the multiple sleeves are simultaneously connected to the smoke outlet.

7. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the ammonia pipeline is less than 3 mm, and the diameter of the flue gas pipeline is less than 3 mm.

8. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a second heat exchanger, which is connected to the smoke outlet and the fan respectively, and is connected to the first heat exchanger. The second heat exchanger transfers the residual heat of the smoke after heat exchange to the air introduced from the fan.

9. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The decomposed gas outlet is in communication with the first heat exchanger, and one of the outlets of the first heat exchanger is in communication with the purification device and the burner at the same time.

10. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system containing a spiral channel according to claim 9, characterized in that: A first mixed gas valve is provided between the outlet of the first heat exchanger connected to both the purification device and the burner and the burner, and a second mixed gas valve is provided between the outlet of the first heat exchanger connected to both the purification device and the burner and the purification device.

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