A welding method for aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy and application thereof
By introducing a nanoparticle nickel interlayer into the welding of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys and employing oscillating laser welding, the problem of hard and brittle compound formation during welding was solved, the uniformity of the weld structure and the joint strength were improved, and the mechanical properties of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys were enhanced.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy welding methods tend to form hard and brittle intermetallic compounds during the welding process, resulting in uneven weld structure and local cracks, which affect the mechanical properties of the joint. Furthermore, the application of existing methods is limited in complex or confined spaces.
A nickel interlayer containing nanoparticles is introduced between magnesium alloys and aluminum alloys, and welding is performed using oscillating laser welding technology to form Mg-Ni and Al-Ni intermetallic compounds. This inhibits the formation of hard and brittle Mg-Al compounds and refines the weld microstructure through the uniform distribution of nanoparticles.
This method enables high-quality lap joints in aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy welding, improves weld uniformity and joint strength, reduces the risk of stress concentration, and enhances the mechanical properties of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys.
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Figure CN119794569B_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a welding method of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy and application thereof. BACKGROUND
[0002] Magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy have high specific strength and specific stiffness, and relatively small density, and are widely used in weight reduction design of automobile parts and aircraft. The wide application of aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy inevitably involves the dissimilar connection of Mg / Al alloy. However, during the welding process of Mg / Al alloy, Mg 17 Al 12 and Mg2Al3 and other hard and brittle intermetallic compounds are easily formed, which will cause the unevenness of the dissimilar alloy weld structure and the generation of local cracks, thereby seriously affecting the mechanical properties of the Mg / Al alloy dissimilar joint. At present, the commonly used solutions are as follows: (1) using solid phase welding methods such as friction stir welding, ultrasonic spot welding, magnetic pulse welding, etc., in which the metal base material does not melt, the welding temperature is low, the heat input is small, and the formation of hard and brittle phases can be reduced; (2) by adding a Ti interlayer between the Mg alloy and Al alloy base materials, a new intermetallic compound with better plasticity is formed by introducing the Ti interlayer and the Mg alloy and Al alloy, thereby inhibiting the formation of Mg 17 Al 12 and Mg2Al3 brittle phases.
[0003] However, although the solid phase welding technology can reduce the formation of Mg-Al hard and brittle phases to a certain extent, for workpieces with complex shapes or irregular curved surfaces, the stir head of friction stir welding is difficult to adapt, resulting in a decrease in welding quality or the inability to complete the welding; at the same time, in the case of a small welding space, the stir head of friction stir welding cannot enter smoothly, further limiting its application. Secondly, although the introduction of the Ti interlayer inhibits the formation of Al-Mg intermetallic compounds and improves the strength of the dissimilar joint, a complete Al-Ti compound layer is still formed in the weld, which limits the overall improvement of the joint strength.
[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a more efficient and flexible welding method of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy that can inhibit the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds and improve the joint strength, which is of great significance for promoting the application and development of Mg alloy and Al alloy in a wider field. SUMMARY
[0005] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a welding method of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy and application thereof.
[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solutions adopted by the present application are as follows:
[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a welding method for aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys, comprising the following steps:
[0008] (1) The magnesium alloy layer, the intermediate layer and the aluminum alloy layer are overlapped in order from top to bottom to obtain the workpiece to be welded; the intermediate layer includes a nickel layer containing nanoparticles; the nanoparticles include at least one of metal carbide, metal boride, metal nitride and metal oxide;
[0009] (2) Weld the overlapping area of the workpiece to be welded to complete the process.
[0010] The welding method for aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys of this invention introduces a special intermediate layer between the magnesium and aluminum alloys, achieving high-quality lap welding and resulting in aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy welded joints with excellent mechanical properties. The Ni layer introduced in the intermediate layer can form Mg-Ni and Al-Ni intermetallic compounds with Mg and Al, inhibiting the formation of hard and brittle Mg-Al compounds. Simultaneously, the uniformly dispersed nanoparticles in the Ni layer can effectively penetrate the Mg-rich and Al-rich weld seam during welding, improving weld uniformity and refining the size of the matrix grains and Mg-Ni, Al-Ni, and Mg-Al intermetallic compounds in the weld seam, resulting in a more uniform weld microstructure and effectively reducing stress concentration near the compounds. Furthermore, the uniformity and refinement of the weld microstructure synergistically improve the strength of the dissimilar joint, giving the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy excellent mechanical properties.
[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the welding method for aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys of the present invention, the metal carbide is titanium carbide; the metal boride is titanium diboride; the metal nitride is aluminum nitride; and the metal oxide is aluminum oxide.
[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the welding method for the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy of the present invention, the thickness of the intermediate layer is 50μm-200μm; the diameter of the nanoparticles is 30nm-500nm; and the mass of the nanoparticles is 3%-7% of the mass of the nickel layer.
[0013] In the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy of the present invention, if the thickness of the intermediate layer is too low, the nickel layer containing nanoparticles will not be able to inhibit the Al-Mg reaction sufficiently, resulting in the formation of a large number of coarse Al-Mg intermetallic compounds. If the thickness of the intermediate layer is too high, the melting of the nickel layer containing nanoparticles requires a large amount of power, which will lead to the violent volatilization of Mg.
[0014] Preferably, the thickness of the intermediate layer is any one of 50μm, 100μm, 150μm, 200μm or a range between two of these values; and the diameter of the nanoparticles is any one of 30nm, 60nm, 90nm, 120nm, 200nm, 250nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm or a range between two of these values.
[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the welding method for the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy described in this invention, the intermediate layer further includes an aluminum substrate.
[0016] Preferably, the thickness of the aluminum substrate is 50μm-80μm.
[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the welding method for the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy described in this invention, the intermediate layer is made of nickel electroplated onto an aluminum substrate and the nanoparticles.
[0018] The intermediate layer of the present invention is obtained by electroplating Ni and nanoparticles on an aluminum substrate using a composite electroplating method. The preparation method of the intermediate layer of the present invention is simple and easy to implement, without the need for complex equipment and processes. It can effectively control the thickness of the intermediate layer and the content of nanoparticles, refine the weld structure, improve the joint strength, and make the nanoparticles uniformly dispersed. This further helps to reduce the agglomeration of particles, thereby reducing the risk of stress concentration and hindering the crack propagation path, and improving the crack resistance of the weld.
[0019] Preferably, the electroplating solution used in the electroplating comprises nickel sulfate with a concentration of 240 g / L-310 g / L, nickel chloride with a concentration of 40 g / L-60 g / L, boric acid with a concentration of 30 g / L-45 g / L, and nanoparticles with a concentration of 5 g / L-40 g / L; the electroplating current density is 30 mA / cm². 2 -80mA / cm 2 The electroplating time is 10 min to 60 min.
[0020] More preferably, the concentration of nickel sulfate is 280 g / L; the concentration of nickel chloride is 40 g / L; the concentration of boric acid is 40 g / L; and the concentration of nanoparticles is any one or a range between two of 5 g / L, 8 g / L, 9 g / L, 10 g / L, 12 g / L, 15 g / L, 18 g / L, 20 g / L, 25 g / L, 30 g / L, 35 g / L, and 40 g / L.
[0021] More preferably, the electroplating current density is 30 mA / cm². 2 40mA / cm 2 50mA / cm 2 60mA / cm 2 70mA / cm2 80mA / cm 2 The electroplating time is any one or a range between two of the following: 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, 50 min, and 60 min.
[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the welding method for the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy described in this invention, the welding is oscillating laser welding.
[0023] The welding method for aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys of the present invention uses oscillating laser welding technology for the lap joint area of magnesium alloy-intermediate layer-aluminum alloy (see details of the welding process). Figure 1 and Figure 2 By performing lap welding, high-quality lap welding of magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy was successfully achieved, resulting in an aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy joint with excellent mechanical properties. The Ni layer introduced in the intermediate layer of this invention can form Mg-Ni and Al-Ni intermetallic compounds with Mg and Al, inhibiting the formation of hard and brittle Mg-Al compounds. Simultaneously, the uniformly dispersed nanoparticles in the Ni layer can effectively enter the Mg-rich and Al-rich weld seam under the influence of a oscillating laser during the welding process. Through the oscillation of the laser beam, precise control of the weld seam is achieved, improving weld uniformity and promoting the uniform distribution of nanoparticles within the weld seam. This significantly refines the size of the matrix grains and Mg-Ni, Al-Ni, and Mg-Al intermetallic compounds in the weld seam, resulting in a more uniform weld microstructure and effectively reducing stress concentration near the compounds. Furthermore, the uniformity and refinement of the weld microstructure synergistically improve the strength of the dissimilar joint, giving the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy prepared by this method excellent mechanical properties.
[0024] Preferably, the frequency of the oscillating laser welding is 50Hz-600Hz; the oscillation amplitude of the oscillating laser welding is 0.5mm-5mm; and the oscillating laser trajectory of the oscillating laser welding is any one of the following: linear, spiral, circular, sinusoidal, figure-eight, or infinity.
[0025] More preferably, the frequency of the oscillating laser welding is any one or a range of two of 50Hz, 100Hz, 200Hz, 300Hz, 400Hz, 500Hz, and 600Hz; and the oscillation amplitude of the oscillating laser welding is any one or a range of two of 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, and 5mm.
[0026] Preferably, the power of the oscillating laser welding is 500W-2500W; the welding speed of the oscillating laser welding is 30mm / s-100mm / s; argon gas protection is used during the oscillating laser welding process; the flow rate of the argon gas is 5L / min-25L / min; and the defocusing amount of the oscillating laser welding is -3mm-0mm.
[0027] More preferably, the power of the oscillating laser welding is any one or a range between 500W, 1000W, 1500W, 2000W, and 2500W; the welding speed of the oscillating laser welding is any one or a range between 30mm / s, 40mm / s, 50mm / s, 60mm / s, 70mm / s, 80mm / s, 90mm / s, and 100mm / s; the argon gas flow rate is any one or a range between 5L / min, 10L / min, 15L / min, 20L / min, and 25L / min; and the defocusing amount of the oscillating laser welding is any one or a range between -3mm, -2mm, -1mm, and 0mm.
[0028] Secondly, the present invention provides an aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy obtained by the aforementioned welding method.
[0029] The aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy prepared by the method of the present invention has a uniform weld structure, which further improves the strength and durability of the joint.
[0030] Thirdly, the present invention provides the application of the aforementioned aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy in the preparation of aerospace devices, automotive parts, and electronic equipment.
[0031] The aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy of the present invention has the characteristics of lightweight, high strength, corrosion resistance, good processing performance and weldability, which makes it have broad application prospects in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, electronic engineering and other fields. For example, it can be used to manufacture key components such as structural parts and shells of aerospace vehicles, key components such as automobile body structural parts, engine parts and chassis parts, and electronic equipment shells and heat sinks, meeting the diverse needs of multiple fields.
[0032] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: First, the welding method of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy of this invention introduces a special intermediate layer in the lap joint area of the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy, realizing high-quality lap welding of the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy. The preparation process is simple and easy to implement, requiring no complex equipment or processes. It can effectively control the thickness of the intermediate layer and the content of nanoparticles, refine the weld microstructure, improve the joint strength, and ensure uniform dispersion of nanoparticles, further helping to reduce particle agglomeration, thereby reducing the risk of stress concentration and hindering crack propagation paths, and improving the crack resistance of the weld. Second, the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy prepared by this invention combines the lightweight of aluminum and the high strength of magnesium, forming a composite material with excellent mechanical properties. Its weld microstructure is uniform, further improving the strength and durability of the joint. Furthermore, the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy prepared by this invention, due to its lightweight, high strength, corrosion resistance, good processing performance, and welding performance, has broad application prospects in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and electronic engineering fields. Attached image description:
[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the welding process of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy of the present invention;
[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overlapping area of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy of the present invention.
[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of obtaining a tensile specimen by wire cutting according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0036] To better illustrate the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention, the invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
[0037] The following description, in conjunction with specific embodiments, illustrates the practical effects of the present invention.
[0038] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the examples are conventional methods; the materials, reagents, equipment, etc. used are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.
[0039] The magnesium alloy plate in the following examples and comparative examples is 2mm thick AZ31 magnesium alloy, and the aluminum alloy plate is 2mm thick 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. The dimensions of both the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate are 80mm*50mm*2mm.
[0040] Example 1: Preparation of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys
[0041] (1) Preparation of electroplating solution: The composition of the electroplating solution is as follows: 280 g / L nickel sulfate, 40 g / L nickel chloride, 40 g / L boric acid, 10 g / L nanoparticles, the nanoparticles are TiC with a diameter of 50 nm; the plating tank size is 150 mm * 100 mm * 80 mm, the liquid level is 60 mm, the plating solution volume is 900 ml, and the plating solution solvent is deionized water.
[0042] (2) Preparation of the intermediate layer: The electroplating solution containing TiC nanoparticles from step (1) was ultrasonically treated for 45 minutes. After ultrasonic treatment, electroplating began. The cathode was an 80 μm thick aluminum foil with dimensions of 50 mm * 10 mm * 0.08 mm; the anode was a nickel plate; and the current density was 70 mA / cm². 2 The electroplating time was 30 minutes. During the electroplating process, the electromagnetic stirring speed was 300 rpm. After electroplating, the thickness of the nickel layer containing nanoparticles was 40 μm, and the mass fraction of nanoparticles in the nickel layer containing nanoparticles was 5.5%.
[0043] (3) Pre-welding treatment: Before welding, the surfaces of magnesium alloy plates and aluminum alloy plates are mechanically ground and wiped with acetone or alcohol to thoroughly remove surface oil and other impurities, so as to avoid affecting the welding process.
[0044] (4) Laser oscillation welding: The 80mm edge of the magnesium alloy plate to be welded is overlapped with the 80mm edge of the aluminum alloy plate (e.g., Figure 1 As shown), in the overlapping area (such as...) Figure 2 The intermediate layer prepared in step (2) is clamped with an overlap width of 10 mm. During welding, welding is performed along the 50 mm edge of the workpiece to be welded, and the total weld length is 50 mm. During welding, the magnesium alloy plate is placed above the aluminum alloy plate, and the intermediate layer containing nanoparticles is placed between the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate. The thickness of both the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate to be welded is 2 mm, and the total thickness of the intermediate layer containing nanoparticles is 120 μm. The welding method is oscillating laser welding. The laser used for oscillating laser welding is a Trumpf Trudisk 10002 laser with a fiber core diameter of 400 μm and a laser spot diameter of 0.6 mm. The welding power is 1500 W, the welding speed is 50 mm / s, the defocusing amount is -1 mm, the oscillating laser frequency is 500 Hz, and the oscillation amplitude is 2 mm. Argon gas is used for protection during the welding process, and the protective gas flow rate is 15 L / min.
[0045] The prepared aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy joint was used to obtain tensile specimens with a length of 120 mm and a width of 30 mm (the length of the tensile specimen was taken along the length of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy by 150 mm, and the width of the tensile specimen was taken along the weld seam) by wire cutting (a schematic diagram of obtaining tensile specimens by wire cutting is shown in the figure). Figure 3As shown, tensile shear tests were performed on the tensile specimens using an MTS55105 universal testing machine at room temperature with a tensile rate of 0.5 mm / min. The shear strength of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy joint was measured to be 130 MPa.
[0046] Example 2: Preparation of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys
[0047] (1) Preparation of electroplating solution: The composition of the electroplating solution is as follows: 280 g / L nickel sulfate, 40 g / L nickel chloride, 40 g / L boric acid, 10 g / L nanoparticles, the nanoparticles are TiB2 with a diameter of 30 nm; the plating tank size is 150 mm * 100 mm * 80 mm, the liquid level is 60 mm, the plating solution volume is 900 ml, and the plating solution solvent is deionized water.
[0048] (2) Preparation of an intermediate layer containing nanoparticles: The electroplating solution containing TiC nanoparticles from step (1) was ultrasonically treated for 45 minutes. After ultrasonic treatment, electroplating was started. During the electroplating process, the cathode was a 50 μm thick aluminum foil with dimensions of 50 mm * 10 mm * 0.05 mm; the anode was a nickel plate; and the current density was 40 mA / cm². 2 The electroplating time was 30 minutes. During the electroplating process, the electromagnetic stirring speed was 300 rpm. After electroplating, the thickness of the nickel layer containing nanoparticles was 25 μm, and the mass fraction of the nickel layer containing nanoparticles was 3.4%.
[0049] (3) Pre-welding treatment: Before welding, the surfaces of magnesium alloy plates and aluminum alloy plates are mechanically ground and wiped with acetone or alcohol to thoroughly remove surface oil and other impurities, so as to avoid affecting the welding process.
[0050] (4) Laser oscillation welding: The 80mm edge of the magnesium alloy plate to be welded is overlapped with the 80mm edge of the aluminum alloy plate (e.g., Figure 1 As shown), in the overlapping area (such as...) Figure 2 The intermediate layer prepared in step (2) is clamped with an overlap width of 10 mm. During welding, welding is performed along the 50 mm edge of the workpiece to be welded, and the total weld length is 50 mm. During welding, the magnesium alloy plate is placed on top of the aluminum alloy plate, and the intermediate layer containing nanoparticles is placed between the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate. The thickness of both the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate to be welded is 2 mm, and the total thickness of the intermediate layer containing nanoparticles is 75 μm. The welding method is oscillating laser welding. The laser used for oscillating laser welding is a Trumpf Trudisk 10002 laser with a fiber core diameter of 400 μm and a laser spot diameter of 0.6 mm. The welding power is 1500 W, the welding speed is 50 mm / s, the defocusing amount is -1 mm, the oscillating laser frequency is 500 Hz, and the oscillation amplitude is 2 mm. Argon gas is used for protection during the welding process, and the protective gas flow rate is 15 L / min.
[0051] The prepared aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy joint was used to obtain tensile specimens with a length of 120 mm and a width of 30 mm (the length of the tensile specimen was taken along the length of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy by 150 mm, and the width of the tensile specimen was taken along the weld seam) by wire cutting (a schematic diagram of obtaining tensile specimens by wire cutting is shown in the figure). Figure 3 As shown, tensile shear tests were performed on the tensile specimens using an MTS55105 universal testing machine at room temperature with a tensile rate of 0.5 mm / min. The joint shear strength of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy was measured to be 115 MPa.
[0052] Example 3: Preparation of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys
[0053] The only difference between the preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy described in this embodiment and that in Example 1 is that in step (1), the nanoparticles are TiC with a diameter of 30 nm, and the joint shear strength of the resulting aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy is 140 MPa.
[0054] Example 4: Preparation of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys
[0055] The only difference between the preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy described in this embodiment and that in Example 1 is that in step (1), the nanoparticles are TiC with a diameter of 100 nm, and the joint shear strength of the resulting aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy is 120 MPa.
[0056] Example 5: Preparation of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys
[0057] The only difference between the preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy described in this embodiment and that in embodiment 1 is that in step (1), the nanoparticles are TiC with a diameter of 500 nm, and the joint shear strength of the resulting aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy is 110 MPa.
[0058] Example 6: Preparation of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys
[0059] The only difference between the preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy described in this embodiment and that in Embodiment 1 is that in step (2), the current density is 30 mA / cm². 2 After electroplating, the thickness of the nickel layer containing nanoparticles was 23 μm, the mass fraction of nanoparticles in the nickel layer containing nanoparticles was 3.2%, and the joint shear strength of the resulting aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy was 110 MPa.
[0060] Example 7: Preparation of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys
[0061] The only difference between the preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy described in this embodiment and that in Embodiment 1 is that in step (2), the current density is 80 mA / cm². 2After electroplating, the thickness of the nickel layer containing nanoparticles was 42 μm, the mass fraction of nanoparticles in the nickel layer containing nanoparticles was 6.0%, and the joint shear strength of the resulting aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy was 140 MPa.
[0062] Example 8: Preparation of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys
[0063] The only difference between the preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy described in this embodiment and that in embodiment 1 is that: in step (2), the concentration of nanoparticles is 5 g / L, the thickness of the nickel layer containing nanoparticles after electroplating is 45 μm, the mass fraction of nanoparticles in the nickel layer containing nanoparticles is 3.0%, and the joint shear strength of the resulting aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy is 105 MPa.
[0064] Example 9: Preparation of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys
[0065] The only difference between the preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy described in this embodiment and that in embodiment 1 is that: in step (2), the concentration of nanoparticles is 20 g / L, the thickness of the nickel layer containing nanoparticles after electroplating is 35 μm, the mass fraction of nanoparticles in the nickel layer containing nanoparticles is 6.5%, and the joint shear strength of the resulting aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy is 145 MPa.
[0066] Comparative Example 1: Preparation of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys
[0067] (1) Pre-welding treatment: Before welding, the surfaces of magnesium alloy plates and aluminum alloy plates are mechanically ground and wiped with acetone or alcohol to thoroughly remove surface oil and other impurities, so as to avoid affecting the welding process.
[0068] (2) Oscillating Laser Welding: The 80mm edges of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate to be welded are overlapped, with a pure nickel interlayer sandwiched in the overlap area. The overlap width is 10mm. Welding is performed along the 50mm edge of the workpieces, with a total weld length of 50mm. During welding, the magnesium alloy plate is placed on top of the aluminum alloy plate, and the pure nickel interlayer is placed between the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate. The thickness of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate to be welded is 2mm, and the thickness of the pure nickel interlayer is 120μm. The welding method is oscillating laser welding. The laser used for oscillating laser welding is a Trumpf Trudisk 10002 laser with a fiber core diameter of 400μm and a laser spot diameter of 0.6mm. The welding power is 1500W, the welding speed is 50mm / s, the defocusing amount is -1mm, the oscillating laser frequency is 500Hz, and the oscillation amplitude is 2mm. Argon gas is used for protection during welding, with a shielding gas flow rate of 15L / min.
[0069] The prepared aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy joint was used to obtain tensile specimens with a length of 120 mm and a width of 30 mm (the length of the tensile specimen was taken along the length of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy by 150 mm, and the width of the tensile specimen was taken along the weld seam) by wire cutting (a schematic diagram of obtaining tensile specimens by wire cutting is shown in the figure). Figure 3 As shown, tensile shear tests were performed on the tensile specimens using an MTS55105 universal testing machine at room temperature with a tensile rate of 0.5 mm / min. The joint shear strength of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy was measured to be 80 MPa.
[0070] Comparative Example 2: Preparation of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys
[0071] (1) Preparation of electroplating solution: The composition of the electroplating solution is as follows: 280 g / L nickel sulfate, 40 g / L nickel chloride, 40 g / L boric acid, 10 g / L nanoparticles, the nanoparticles are TiC with a diameter of 50 nm; the plating tank size is 150 mm * 100 mm * 80 mm, the liquid level is 60 mm, the plating solution volume is 900 ml, and the plating solution solvent is deionized water.
[0072] (2) Preparation of the intermediate layer: The electroplating solution containing TiC nanoparticles from step (1) was ultrasonically treated for 45 minutes. After ultrasonic treatment, electroplating began. The cathode was an 80 μm thick aluminum foil with dimensions of 50 mm * 10 mm * 0.08 mm; the anode was a nickel plate; and the current density was 70 mA / cm². 2 The electroplating time was 30 minutes. During the electroplating process, the electromagnetic stirring speed was 300 rpm. After electroplating, the thickness of the intermediate layer containing nanoparticles was 40 μm, and the mass fraction of nanoparticles in the intermediate layer was 5.5%.
[0073] (3) Pre-welding treatment: Before welding, the surfaces of magnesium alloy plates and aluminum alloy plates are cleaned to thoroughly remove surface oil and other impurities to avoid affecting the welding process.
[0074] (4) Laser welding: The 80mm edge of the magnesium alloy plate to be welded and the 80mm edge of the aluminum alloy plate are overlapped. The intermediate layer prepared in step (2) is sandwiched in the overlap area. The overlap width is 10mm. Welding is carried out along the 50mm edge of the workpiece to be welded. The total length of the weld is 50mm. During the welding process, the magnesium alloy plate is placed on top of the aluminum alloy plate, and the intermediate layer containing nanoparticles is placed between the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate. The thickness of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate to be welded is 2mm, and the total thickness of the intermediate layer is 120μm. The welding method is laser welding. The laser used for laser welding is a Trumpf Trudisk 10002 laser with a fiber core diameter of 400μm and a laser spot diameter of 0.6mm. The welding power is 1500W, the welding speed is 50mm / s, the defocusing amount is -1mm, and the laser does not oscillate during the welding process. Argon gas is used for protection during the welding process, and the protective gas flow rate is 15L / min.
[0075] The prepared aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy joint was used to obtain tensile specimens with a length of 120 mm and a width of 30 mm (the length of the tensile specimen was cut along the length of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy at 150 mm, and the width of the tensile specimen was cut along the weld seam) using a wire cutting method (see schematic diagram of obtaining tensile specimens by wire cutting method). Figure 3 As shown, tensile shear tests were performed on the tensile specimens using an MTS55105 universal testing machine at room temperature with a tensile rate of 0.5 mm / min. The joint shear strength of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy was measured to be 110 MPa.
[0076] Comparative Example 3: Preparation of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys
[0077] The only difference between the preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy described in this comparative example and that in Example 1 is that in step (1), the nanoparticles are TiC with a diameter of 10 nm, and the joint shear strength of the resulting aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy is 95 MPa.
[0078] Comparative Example 4: Preparation of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys
[0079] The only difference between the preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy described in this comparative example and that in Example 1 is that in step (1), the nanoparticles are TiC with a diameter of 600 nm, and the joint shear strength of the resulting aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy is 115 MPa.
[0080] Comparative Example 5: Preparation of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys
[0081] The only difference between the preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy described in this comparative example and that in Example 1 is that in step (2), the concentration of nanoparticles is 3 g / L, the thickness of the nickel layer containing nanoparticles after electroplating is 43 μm, the mass fraction of nanoparticles in the nickel layer containing nanoparticles is 2%, and the joint shear strength of the resulting aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy is 100 MPa.
[0082] Comparative Example 6: Preparation of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys
[0083] The only difference between the preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy described in this comparative example and that in Example 1 is that in step (2), the concentration of nanoparticles is 50 g / L, the thickness of the nickel layer containing nanoparticles after electroplating is 30 μm, the mass fraction of nanoparticles in the nickel layer containing nanoparticles is 5%, and the joint shear strength of the resulting aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy is 105 MPa.
[0084] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims
1. A welding method for aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) The magnesium alloy layer, the intermediate layer and the aluminum alloy layer are overlapped in order from top to bottom to obtain the workpiece to be welded; the intermediate layer includes a nickel layer containing nanoparticles; the nanoparticles include titanium carbide; the diameter of the nanoparticles is 30nm-50nm; the mass of the nanoparticles is 5.5%-6.5% of the mass of the nickel layer; (2) The overlap area of the workpiece to be welded is welded to obtain the workpiece; the welding is oscillating laser welding.
2. The welding method for aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the intermediate layer is 50μm-200μm.
3. The welding method for aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate layer is made of nickel electroplated on an aluminum substrate and the nanoparticles.
4. The welding method for aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The electroplating solution used includes nickel sulfate with a concentration of 240 g / L-310 g / L, nickel chloride with a concentration of 40 g / L-60 g / L, boric acid with a concentration of 30 g / L-45 g / L, and nanoparticles with a concentration of 5 g / L-40 g / L; the electroplating current density is 30 mA / cm². 2 -80mA / cm 2 The electroplating time is 10 min to 60 min.
5. The welding method for aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloys as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The frequency of the oscillating laser welding is 50Hz-600Hz; the oscillation amplitude of the oscillating laser welding is 0.5mm-5mm; the oscillation laser trajectory of the oscillating laser welding is any one of the following: linear, spiral, circular, sinusoidal, figure-eight, or infinity.
6. An aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy prepared by the welding method according to any one of claims 1-5.
7. The application of the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar alloy according to claim 6 in the manufacture of aerospace devices, automotive parts, and electronic equipment.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Method for producing welded joint by laser arc hybrid welding
CN116438035A