Wire and method for reducing light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly discloses a wire and method for reducing light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing. The wire material comprises an aluminum alloy wire material; and the silicon coating is arranged on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire and is used for reducing light reflection of the aluminum alloy wire. The method comprises the steps that the surface of the aluminum alloy wire is pretreated; and a silicon coating used for reducing light reflection of the aluminum alloy wire is prepared on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire subjected to surface pretreatment. Starting from an aluminum alloy wire, a layer of monatomic silicon is plated on the surface of the wire, silicon not only has good light absorption performance, but also belongs to an aluminum alloy component, and other impurities are not introduced, so that the problem of high reflection of the aluminum alloy can be improved, and the forming quality is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and more specifically, relates to a wire material and a method for reducing light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum alloy is a light metal material based on aluminum with added elements such as magnesium, manganese, iron, silicon and zinc. It has low density, high strength and excellent mechanical properties. It is widely used in aerospace, transportation, ship weapons and other fields. Its low density and excellent performance make it the most commonly used structural material after steel. Aluminum alloy has strong thermal conductivity and low melting point, which enables it to be quickly melted by high-energy laser beams in fused wire additive manufacturing. Compared with the traditional casting process of aluminum alloy, it overcomes the problems of cumbersome process, time-consuming and low precision, and improves the comprehensive performance of the material.

[0003] First, the high laser reflectivity and poor thermal conductivity of aluminum alloys make it difficult to control heat input, resulting in a narrow process window and prone to residual stress and deformation problems. Secondly, the low density and poor fluidity of aluminum alloys require high filament spacing and wire feeding stability, which increases the difficulty of control. Furthermore, the oxide film formed during melting interferes with the absorption and melting process of the laser, and the control of laser power is particularly critical. High power will cause excessive evaporation of volatile elements in aluminum alloys, while low power cannot effectively melt the fuse and substrate. Finally, during the deposition process, as the number of layers increases, the molten pool becomes longer and deeper, the cooling time is prolonged, and defects such as collapse and surface unevenness are prone to occur. These technical problems hinder the maturity and practical application of aluminum alloy laser fuse additive manufacturing technology.

[0004] Current research focuses on optimizing processes, controlling defects, and regulating microstructures. In addition, the composition of the sample can be changed by using multiple wires in coordination or by adding dissimilar material powders to the surface of the previous layer before forming, combined with external physical field-assisted processes such as hot wires and ultrasonic vibrations, to improve the quality stability and yield rate of the final formed components. However, most wire additive manufacturing processes currently still use traditional welding wires, which have poor process adaptability and cannot effectively solve the problems faced in the additive manufacturing process, such as element loss, thermal cracking, pores, anisotropy of mechanical properties, and rapid and complex thermal history. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a wire and method for reducing light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing. Starting from the aluminum alloy wire, a layer of elemental silicon is plated on the surface of the wire. Silicon not only has good light absorption performance, but is also a component of aluminum alloy and does not introduce other impurities. It can improve the high reflection problem of aluminum alloy and effectively improve the forming quality.

[0006] To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a wire material for reducing light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing is provided, comprising:

[0007] Aluminum alloy wire;

[0008] A silicon coating is provided on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire and is used to reduce the light reflection of the aluminum alloy wire.

[0009] As a further preference, the silicon coating is made of elemental silicon.

[0010] As further preferred, the silicon coating is deposited onto the surface of the aluminum alloy wire by atomic deposition method.

[0011] As a further preference, the surface of the aluminum alloy wire is also provided with a rough layer for improving the adhesion of the coating.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for preparing a wire material for reducing light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Step 1, pre-treating the surface of the aluminum alloy wire;

[0014] Step 2: preparing a silicon coating for reducing light reflection of the aluminum alloy wire on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire after surface pretreatment.

[0015] As further preferred, step one comprises the following steps:

[0016] (11) cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy wire;

[0017] (12) mechanically grinding or chemically etching the surface of the cleaned aluminum alloy wire to prepare a rough layer for improving the adhesion of the coating;

[0018] (13) placing the aluminum alloy wire after the treatment in the step into a vacuum environment, and in the vacuum environment, heating and evaporating a silicon source material or bombarding the silicon source material with high-energy particles so that silicon atoms are deposited on the surface of the wire to form a thin film;

[0019] (14) heat treating or curing the film to prepare a silicon coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire for reducing light reflection of the aluminum alloy wire.

[0020] As further preferred, in step 2, the deposition temperature is 100-300° C., and the deposition pressure is 1-10 mTorr.

[0021] As further preferred, the step further comprises the following steps:

[0022] Based on the composition of aluminum alloy wire and the thickness of silicon coating, the performance of wire used to reduce light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing was evaluated to determine the optimal thickness of silicon coating.

[0023] As further preferred, step (13) specifically comprises the following steps:

[0024] (131) The composition of aluminum alloy wire was used as a design variable, and its physical and mechanical properties were defined;

[0025] (132) Use Thermo-Calc to calculate phase diagrams, determine the phase equilibrium state of alloys, and apply material mechanics models to predict the mechanical properties of materials;

[0026] (134) Based on the neural network model, the phase equilibrium state and corresponding mechanical properties of the alloy were taken as constraints to construct a multi-objective optimization model of silicon coating thickness and laser absorptivity;

[0027] (135) Output an optimal solution based on the multi-objective optimization model.

[0028] According to another aspect of the present invention, an additive manufacturing method is provided, which uses a wire material for reducing light reflection in additive manufacturing of aluminum alloys according to any embodiment or a combination of multiple embodiments described above to perform additive manufacturing.

[0029] In general, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following technical advantages compared with the prior art:

[0030] 1. The present invention significantly improves the wire's absorption rate of laser light by coating a silicon material on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire, so that the molten pool is heated more evenly, thereby improving the surface quality of the deposited parts and effectively reducing defects caused by uneven heat input.

[0031] 2. The present invention starts with aluminum alloy wire and plates a layer of elemental silicon on the surface of the wire. Silicon not only has good light absorption performance, but is also a component of aluminum alloy and does not introduce other impurities. It can improve the high reflection problem of aluminum alloy and effectively improve the forming quality.

[0032] 3. The present invention introduces a nanostructured silicon coating, which significantly improves the energy absorption efficiency of the laser. This enhanced laser absorption capability directly leads to faster and more uniform melting of the aluminum alloy wire, thereby improving the thermal uniformity of the molten pool. This helps to reduce defects caused by uneven heat input, such as collapse, side flow, and surface unevenness, thereby improving the surface quality and mechanical properties of the deposited parts. In addition, due to the efficient use of laser energy, the laser power and scanning speed can be optimized to improve the efficiency of the manufacturing process.

[0033] 4. The present invention can achieve the simultaneous optimization of aluminum alloy wire composition, silicon coating thickness and laser absorptivity, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of the material, reducing production costs, and enhancing the market competitiveness of the product. By precisely controlling these parameters, the mechanical properties of the material and the laser processing efficiency can be improved, while reducing material waste and environmental impact, and promoting industrial manufacturing to develop in a more efficient and environmentally friendly direction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wire material for reducing light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, a wire material for reducing light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing provided by an embodiment of the present invention comprises: an aluminum alloy wire material 1; a silicon coating 3 provided on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire material 1 for reducing light reflection of the aluminum alloy wire material 1. The silicon coating 3 is made of elemental silicon. The silicon coating 3 is deposited on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire material 1 by atomic deposition. A rough layer 2 for improving the adhesion of the coating is also provided on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire material 1.

[0038] In this embodiment, silicon is a typical semiconductor material, and its energy band structure determines the electron transition behavior when it interacts with the laser. When the energy of the laser matches the energy band gap of silicon, the electrons can absorb the energy of the laser and transition from the valence band to the conduction band, thereby increasing the absorption of the laser. The defects in the crystal structure of silicon (such as vacancies, interstitial atoms, dislocations, etc.) will affect its electronic state density distribution. These defect states can become the capture center of electrons under the action of lasers, making it easier for electrons to interact with laser photons, thereby increasing the absorption rate of the laser. Starting from aluminum alloy wire, a layer of single silicon is plated on the surface of the wire. Silicon not only has good light absorption performance, but also belongs to the component of aluminum alloy, and does not introduce other impurities. It can improve the high reflection problem of aluminum alloy and effectively improve the forming quality.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a wire material for reducing light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing, comprising the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: pretreat the surface of the aluminum alloy wire 1. Specifically, step 1 includes the following steps:

[0042] (11) cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy wire 1;

[0043] (12) mechanically grinding or chemically etching the surface of the cleaned aluminum alloy wire 1 to prepare a rough layer 2 for improving the adhesion of the coating;

[0044] (13) placing the aluminum alloy wire 1 treated in step (12) in a vacuum environment, and in the vacuum environment, heating and evaporating the silicon source material or bombarding the silicon source material with high-energy particles so that silicon atoms are deposited on the surface of the wire to form a thin film; in this step, the performance of the wire used to reduce light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing is evaluated based on the composition of the aluminum alloy wire 1 and the thickness of the silicon coating 3 to determine the optimal thickness of the silicon coating 3.

[0045] (14) The film is heat treated or cured to prepare a silicon coating 3 on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire 1 for reducing light reflection of the aluminum alloy wire 1.

[0046] Step 2: preparing a silicon coating 3 for reducing light reflection of the aluminum alloy wire 1 on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire 1 after surface pretreatment.

[0047] In the above embodiment, step (13) specifically includes the following steps:

[0048] (131) The composition of the aluminum alloy wire 1 is used as a design variable, and its physical and mechanical properties are defined;

[0049] (132) Use Thermo-Calc to calculate phase diagrams, determine the phase equilibrium state of alloys, and apply material mechanics models to predict the mechanical properties of materials;

[0050] (134) Based on the neural network model, the phase equilibrium state and corresponding mechanical properties of the alloy were taken as constraints to construct a multi-objective optimization model for the thickness of the silicon coating 3 and the laser absorptivity;

[0051] (135) Output an optimal solution based on the multi-objective optimization model.

[0052] Specifically, in this embodiment, first, the design variables and physical properties are defined, the composition of the aluminum alloy wire is used as the design variable, and its physical properties and mechanical properties are defined. Among them, the physical properties include density, melting point, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, etc. The mechanical properties include yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, etc.

[0053] Then, the phase diagram is calculated and the phase equilibrium states are determined.

[0054] Thermo-Calc software is used to calculate the phase diagram and determine the phase equilibrium state of the alloy. Thermo-Calc software is based on the CALPHAD method and predicts the phase equilibrium state by calculating the Gibbs free energy (G): G = G liquid + ∑ ixiμi, where G is the Gibbs free energy of the system, xi is the molar fraction of component i, and μi is the chemical potential of component i.

[0055] Next, the material mechanics model is predicted.

[0056] Apply material mechanics models to predict the mechanical properties of materials. The elastic modulus (E) and Poisson's ratio (v) of the material can be obtained through experimental measurement or by consulting the material database.

[0057] Next, a mapping function between laser absorptivity and silicon coating thickness is established.

[0058] A mapping function f is constructed to relate the silicon coating thickness t to the laser absorptivity A.

[0059] The laser absorption rate A can be calculated by the following formula: A = 1-RT.

[0060] The reflectivity R can be calculated using the Fresnel equation:

[0061]

[0062] The transmittance T can be approximately calculated by the following formula: T = exp(-αtλ).

[0063] Where α is the extinction coefficient of silicon material.

[0064] Next, the neural network model is trained

[0065] The neural network model is trained using experimental data to learn the relationship between silicon coating thickness and laser absorptivity. Training dataset: Contains experimental data of different silicon coating thicknesses and corresponding laser absorptivity.

[0066] The neural network model can be trained with the following loss function:

[0067]

[0068] Where N is the number of samples in the data set, ti is the silicon coating thickness of the i-th sample, and Ai is the corresponding laser absorptivity.

[0069] Finally, a multi-objective optimization model is constructed.

[0070] The mapping function f is used as part of the optimization model to find the optimal silicon coating thickness topt.

[0071] The multi-objective optimization problem can be expressed as:

[0072] min t Loss(f(t;θ),A target )

[0073] Among them, Loss is the loss function, which is used to measure the difference between the laser absorptivity predicted by the model and the target value.

[0074] The trained neural network model is used to solve the multi-objective optimization problem and find the optimal silicon coating thickness.

[0075] In this embodiment, the optimization algorithm adopts genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO), etc. The optimization algorithm searches for the optimal solution through iteration: topt=Optimizer(Loss,θ), where Optimizer is the optimization algorithm and θ is the parameter of the neural network model.

[0076] This embodiment defines design variables and conducts experimental verification to ensure that the thickness of the silicon coating on the aluminum alloy wire can maximize the laser absorption rate and meet other performance requirements.

[0077] Example 3

[0078] In this embodiment, based on the embodiment 1, a silicon nanowire structure layer is further provided on the surface of the silicon coating 3, and the silicon nanowire structure layer is used to increase the surface area of ​​the silicon coating, thereby increasing the area of ​​contact between the laser and the material and improving the absorption rate of the laser energy. In addition, the silicon nanowire structure can serve as a channel for heat conduction, promoting the rapid transfer of heat from the laser irradiation area to the aluminum alloy substrate, thereby achieving more uniform melting and better molten pool control. This improved thermal conductivity helps to reduce thermal stress and deformation and improve the bonding strength of the deposited layer. Furthermore, the silicon nanowire structure can reduce the reflection and scattering of the laser beam because it can scatter the incident light in multiple directions, or reduce reflection by absorbing and converting light energy. This effect is particularly important for improving the efficiency and quality of laser processing.

[0079] Based on the above embodiment or a combination of multiple embodiments, in this embodiment, EBL or EUV lithography technology is used to make a silicon nanowire structure on a quartz or silicon template. Imprinting temperature: room temperature to 100°C to ensure the fluidity and curing characteristics of the polymer. Imprinting pressure: 0.1-1MPa to ensure that the polymer completely fills the nanostructure of the template. Imprinting time: 10-60 seconds to ensure that the polymer is completely cured. Use a mild release agent or lower the temperature to achieve separation between the template and the polymer, and then transfer the cured polymer nanostructure to the surface of the silicon coating to form a silicon nanostructure layer.

[0080] Example 4

[0081] The present embodiment relates to a wire material for aluminum alloy laser additive manufacturing and a method for additive manufacturing using the wire material, comprising the following steps:

[0082] The first step is silicon coating preparation. Remove oil, dust and other contaminants from the surface of the wire by ultrasonic cleaning, pickling or other cleaning methods. Mechanically frost or chemically etch the substrate to increase the surface roughness to improve the adhesion of the coating. Select a suitable silicon source material, such as a silicon target. Place the silicon target in a vacuum chamber, and deposit silicon atoms on the surface of the wire to form a thin film by heating and evaporation or bombarding the target with high-energy particles. Heat treat or cure the coating to enhance the performance and adhesion of the film layer. The specific temperature and time are adjusted according to the different coating materials and methods.

[0083] The second step is wire inspection and preparation. Check the surface quality and diameter of the wire to ensure that there are no obvious defects such as cracks, rust, etc. Check the thickness, uniformity and other performance indicators of the film layer. For applications that require higher surface finish, perform grinding and polishing. Confirm that the guide device (guide wheel) through which the wire passes is working properly to avoid wire deviation or entanglement. Set and calibrate the wire feed speed to match the requirements of the additive equipment. Connect the wire to the nozzle or melting unit of the equipment to ensure that the connection is firm and reliable.

[0084] The third step is the additive manufacturing process. Before printing, the component is 3D modeled and sliced, the laser path is planned, and the laser power, lift, scanning speed, and wire feed speed are set. The substrate is fixed on a workbench filled with inert argon to prevent oxidation.

[0085] Start the equipment for laser additive manufacturing. According to the set path and parameters, materials are continuously deposited to produce large components without collapse and without subsequent material reduction, which can directly meet the needs of engineering applications.

[0086] Repeat the above steps to continuously deposit and produce large-scale laser additive manufacturing components without collapse, which can directly meet the needs of engineering applications without subsequent material reduction.

[0087] Example 5

[0088] This embodiment involves a wire material for aluminum alloy laser additive manufacturing and a method for additive manufacturing using the wire material, taking laser additive manufacturing of a single wall as an example, comprising the following steps:

[0089] The first step is material composition design and performance prediction. Computational materials science and simulation tools are used to predict the performance of different aluminum alloy and silicon coating composition combinations. Phase diagram analysis, material mechanics models, and chemical reaction simulations are used to optimize the aluminum alloy composition and silicon coating thickness. Samples are prepared according to design requirements, and mechanical property tests (such as tensile, hardness, and impact tests) and composition analysis are performed to evaluate the performance of aluminum alloys and silicon coatings and determine the optimal composition and film thickness.

[0090] The second step is wire preparation. The molten metal is poured into a mold for casting to form a preliminary wire billet. The molten metal is extruded through an extruder to form the desired wire diameter. The extruded or cast wire is properly cooled to solidify its shape.

[0091] The rough wire drawing machine performs preliminary drawing to reduce the wire diameter and improve the uniformity of the material. Fine wire drawing is performed to achieve the required wire diameter and surface finish.

[0092] The third step is silicon coating preparation. Remove oil, dust and other contaminants from the surface of the wire by ultrasonic cleaning, pickling or other cleaning methods. Mechanically frost or chemically etch the substrate to increase the surface roughness to improve the adhesion of the coating. Select a suitable silicon source material, such as a silicon target. Place the silicon target in a vacuum chamber, and deposit silicon atoms on the surface of the wire by heating and evaporation or bombarding the target with high-energy particles to form a thin film. Heat treat or cure the coating to enhance the performance and adhesion of the film layer. The specific temperature and time are adjusted according to the different coating materials and methods.

[0093] Step 4: Wire inspection and preparation. Check the surface quality and diameter of the wire to ensure that there are no obvious defects such as cracks, rust, etc., and ensure that it meets the size and material specifications. Confirm that the guide device (guide wheel) through which the wire passes is working properly to avoid the wire from deflecting or winding. Set and calibrate the wire feed speed to match the requirements of the additive equipment. Connect the wire to the nozzle or melting unit of the equipment to ensure that the connection is firm and reliable.

[0094] Step 5: Additive manufacturing process. Before printing, 3D model and slice the component, plan the laser path, and set the laser power, lift, scanning speed, and wire feed speed. Fix the substrate on a workbench filled with inert argon to prevent oxidation.

[0095] Start the equipment for laser additive manufacturing. According to the set path and parameters, materials are continuously deposited to produce large components without collapse and without subsequent material reduction, which can directly meet the needs of engineering applications.

[0096] Repeat the above steps to continuously deposit and produce large-scale laser additive manufacturing components without collapse, which can directly meet the needs of engineering applications without subsequent material reduction.

[0097] Example 6

[0098] The present embodiment relates to a wire material for aluminum alloy laser additive manufacturing and a method for additive manufacturing using the wire material, comprising the following steps:

[0099] a. Silicon coating preparation, including removing oil, dust and other pollutants from the surface of the wire, mechanically grinding or chemically etching the substrate, selecting silicon source material and placing it in a vacuum chamber to deposit silicon atoms on the surface of the wire to form a thin film through evaporation or high-energy particle bombardment, and heat treating or curing the coating;

[0100] b. Wire inspection and preparation, including checking the surface quality and diameter of the wire to ensure there are no obvious defects, confirming that the guide device through which the wire passes is working properly, setting and calibrating the wire feed speed, and connecting the wire to the nozzle or melting unit of the equipment;

[0101] c. The additive manufacturing process includes 3D modeling and slicing of components, planning the path of the laser, setting the laser power, lift amount, scanning speed and wire feeding speed, fixing the substrate on a workbench filled with inert argon gas, and starting the equipment for laser additive manufacturing.

[0102] In the first step, the substrate is mechanically sanded or chemically etched to improve the coating adhesion.

[0103] In the first step, after silicon atoms are deposited onto the surface of the wire to form a thin film, the coating is heat treated or cured to enhance the performance and adhesion of the film.

[0104] In the second step, the surface quality and diameter of the wire are checked to ensure that there are no obvious defects.

[0105] In the third step, the substrate is fixed on a workbench filled with inert argon gas during the laser additive manufacturing process to prevent oxidation.

[0106] In the third step, the laser power, lift amount, scanning speed and wire feeding speed are set during the laser additive manufacturing process to continuously deposit materials to produce large-scale laser additive manufacturing components without collapse and without subsequent material reduction, which can directly meet the needs of engineering applications.

[0107] In the third step, the above steps are repeated to continuously deposit and produce large-scale laser additive manufacturing components without collapse and without subsequent material reduction, which can directly meet the needs of engineering applications.

[0108] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wire material for reducing light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing, characterized in that: include: Aluminum alloy wire (1); A silicon coating (3) provided on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire (1) and used to reduce light reflection of the aluminum alloy wire (1).

2. The wire material for reducing light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The silicon coating (3) is made of elemental silicon.

3. The wire material for reducing light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The silicon coating (3) is deposited onto the surface of the aluminum alloy wire (1) by using an atomic deposition method.

4. A wire material for reducing light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The surface of the aluminum alloy wire (1) is also provided with a rough layer (2) for improving the adhesion of the coating.

5. A method for preparing a wire for reducing light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, pre-treating the surface of the aluminum alloy wire (1); Step 2: preparing a silicon coating (3) for reducing light reflection of the aluminum alloy wire (1) on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire (1) after surface pretreatment.

6. The wire material for reducing light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step one includes the following steps: (11) cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy wire (1); (12) mechanically grinding or chemically etching the surface of the cleaned aluminum alloy wire (1) to prepare a rough layer (2) for improving the adhesion of the coating; (13) placing the aluminum alloy wire (1) treated in step (12) in a vacuum environment, and in the vacuum environment, heating and evaporating a silicon source material or bombarding the silicon source material with high-energy particles so that silicon atoms are deposited on the surface of the wire to form a thin film; (14) The film is heat treated or cured to prepare a silicon coating (3) on the surface of the aluminum alloy wire (1) for reducing light reflection of the aluminum alloy wire (1).

7. The wire material for reducing light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 2, the deposition temperature is 100-300° C., and the deposition pressure is 1-10 mTorr.

8. The wire material for reducing light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step (13) further comprises the following steps: According to the composition of the aluminum alloy wire (1) and the thickness of the silicon coating (3), the performance of the wire used to reduce light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing is evaluated to determine the optimal thickness of the silicon coating (3).

9. The wire material for reducing light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step (13) specifically comprises the following steps: (131) The composition of the aluminum alloy wire (1) is used as a design variable, and its physical and mechanical properties are defined; (132) Use Thermo-Calc to calculate phase diagrams, determine the phase equilibrium state of alloys, and apply material mechanics models to predict the mechanical properties of materials; (134) Based on the neural network model, the phase equilibrium state and corresponding mechanical properties of the alloy were used as constraints to construct a multi-objective optimization model for the thickness and laser absorptivity of the silicon coating (3); (135) Output an optimal solution based on the multi-objective optimization model.

10. An additive manufacturing method, characterized in that: Additive manufacturing is performed using a wire material for reducing light reflection in aluminum alloy additive manufacturing as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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