A line insulator discharge defect active detection device and method

Abstract

The application provides a line insulator discharge defect active detection device and method, and belongs to the technical field of transmission line insulation detection. The device comprises a heavy frequency x-ray pulse light source, a solar blind ultraviolet light sensitive detection unit, a switching value counter, an ultrasonic ranging unit, an information calculation unit and an execution control unit. The heavy frequency x-ray pulse light source is used to generate x-ray light pulses with a repeated frequency. The ultrasonic ranging unit is used to obtain the distance between the solar blind ultraviolet light sensitive detection unit and the measured insulator. The solar blind ultraviolet light sensitive detection unit, the switching value counter and the information calculation unit are sequentially connected. The solar blind ultraviolet light sensitive detection unit is used to detect the insulator discharge ultraviolet photons generated after x-ray excitation. The switching value counter is used to count the high-level pulse sequence output by the solar blind ultraviolet light sensitive detection unit. The information calculation unit is used to process the information output by the switching value counter and give the state determination result of the measured insulator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power transmission line insulation testing technology, and in particular to an active detection device and method for discharge defects in line insulators. Background Technology

[0002] Sudden short circuits in power transmission lines pose a significant threat to the safe operation of the power grid, and contamination, aging, or defects in insulators are a major cause of these faults. Insulators perform both mechanical support and electrical insulation functions in power lines. Operating under complex atmospheric conditions such as ultraviolet radiation, high humidity, dust, salt spray, rain, and snow, they inevitably accumulate dirt, age, and cracks, accelerating insulation failure. Generally, when aging or defects reach a certain level, abnormal discharge phenomena occur under voltage, allowing for the detection of insulation defects using discharge detection technology. However, most partial discharges caused by defects are not continuous and stable; they are insidious, sporadic, and random, sometimes even not obvious under operating voltage. In recent years, several insulator flashover accidents have occurred without clear pre-discharge warning signs, highlighting the urgent need to explore sensitive and efficient new methods for insulator defect detection.

[0003] Traditional insulator defect detection methods mainly include the following: ultrasonic detection, where insulator discharge causes rapid thermal expansion and contraction of the local medium, resulting in mechanical waves propagating in different media; ultrasonic signals from insulator discharge can be obtained through ultrasonic coupling sensors; infrared thermal imaging, where discharge energy is strong enough and duration is long enough to cause local heating, and abnormal temperature rises can be detected using infrared thermal imagers to indirectly reflect the discharge situation; and solar-blind ultraviolet imaging, where discharge on the insulator surface causes light emission in the ultraviolet band, and photon imaging detection using the solar-blind band can effectively detect discharge signals while avoiding sunlight interference. However, the main problems with the above detection methods are: ① The operating voltage of insulators is generally much lower than the design field strength, while the critical electric field for discharge of insulation defects is high, making it difficult to induce stable discharge under a limited electric field; ② Under limited voltage levels, local discharge of insulation defects often exhibits strong sporadicity, and its amplitude is lower than the detection threshold; ③ Existing detection methods are all passive detection methods, and defect-induced discharge requires specific conditions, such as an increase in defect size, high humidity environment, and material aging, so the discharge signal is difficult to capture within a limited detection time. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an active discharge detection technology for the rapid identification of defects in line insulators. This system utilizes the principle of reducing the discharge electric field threshold by using a short-wavelength light source to transform passive discharge detection into active detection, shortening the discharge detection time, increasing the discharge activity within the detection cycle, and using drones to achieve rapid, accurate, and active detection of various types of line insulators, thereby improving the efficiency of inspection and maintenance of external line insulation.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0006] A first aspect of the present invention provides an active detection device for discharge defects in line insulators, the device comprising:

[0007] The system includes a high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source, a solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit, a switch counter, an ultrasonic ranging unit, an information computing unit, and an execution control unit.

[0008] The execution control unit is connected to the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source, the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit, the switch counter, the ultrasonic ranging unit, and the information computing unit, respectively, and is used to control the start and stop of operation or output parameters of each component.

[0009] A high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source is used to generate X-ray light pulses with a repetitive frequency. An ultrasonic ranging unit is used to obtain the distance between the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit and the insulator under test. The solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit, the switch counter, and the information calculation unit are connected in sequence. The solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit is used to detect the ultraviolet photons of insulation discharge generated after X-ray excitation. The switch counter is used to count the high-level pulse sequence output by the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit. The information calculation unit is used to process the information output by the switch counter and give the state judgment result of the insulator under test.

[0010] The irradiation angle of the repetitive X-ray pulse source is not less than 15°, the center wavelength range is 0.5~10nm, the controllable dose range of a single pulse X-ray is 5~15μSv, the controllable pulse half-peak time is 0.5~5μs, and the optical pulse repetition frequency is adjustable within 10~50Hz.

[0011] Optionally, the response wavelength range of the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit is 240~280nm, the photon efficiency in the solar-blind band is not less than 15%, the light pulse response time is less than 200ns, the effective detection angle θ includes at least -30° to +30°, and the photoelectric gain is not less than 60dB.

[0012] Optionally, the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit outputs a high-level square wave pulse signal after receiving the photon signal, with a pulse width of less than 200 ns.

[0013] Optionally, the execution control unit is used to control the start and stop of operation and output parameters of the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source, the start and stop of operation of the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit, the start and stop of operation and output parameters of the switch counter, and the start and stop of operation of the information calculation unit.

[0014] The second aspect of this invention provides an active detection method for discharge defects in line insulators, based on the active detection device for discharge defects in line insulators described in the first aspect of this invention, comprising the following steps:

[0015] By activating the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit through the execution control unit, the background light pulse when no X-rays are applied is measured to obtain the average discharge frequency within time T, which is denoted as n0.

[0016] The controllable dose R of a single pulse of X-rays from a high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source is set by the execution control unit;

[0017] The control unit activates a high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source to irradiate the target area of ​​the insulator of the line under test.

[0018] The control unit activates the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit immediately after the pulse output of the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source ends, and the detection frequency is consistent with the X-ray pulse repetition frequency.

[0019] By starting the switch counter through the execution control unit and keeping it consistent with the working time of the repetition rate X-ray pulse source, the frequency of the discharge light pulse in the X-ray pulse interval time Δt is obtained and denoted as n.

[0020] The ultrasonic ranging unit is activated by the execution control unit and kept in sync with the working time of the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source to obtain the ultrasonic ranging value L in the X-ray pulse interval time Δt.

[0021] The information calculation unit is activated by the execution control unit and kept in sync with the working time of the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source. The excitation intensity S of the discharge photons at time t is calculated. Based on the calculation result of the excitation intensity S of the discharge photons, the information calculation unit gives a graded evaluation result and obtains the discharge state of the insulator of the line under test.

[0022] Optionally, in the method, the repetitive X-ray pulse source is activated by the execution control unit to irradiate the target area of ​​the line insulator, and the cumulative X-ray dose is not higher than 10 mSv.

[0023] Optionally, the calculation of the discharge photon excitation intensity S at time t includes the following formula:

[0024]

[0025] In the formula, Let be the frequency of the X-ray discharge light pulse at time t. The average discharge frequency of the background light pulse during time T when no X-rays are applied. Let be the ultrasonic ranging value at time t. The controllable dose of a single pulse of X-rays from a high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source. This is the effective detection angle for the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit.

[0026] Optionally, the tiered evaluation results provided by the information calculation unit include normal, attention, tracking, early warning, and alarm.

[0027] Optionally, the information calculation unit provides a graded evaluation result based on the calculation result of the discharge photon excitation intensity S, including:

[0028] Set the valid check value m, and input... ,like If so, the output is normal;

[0029] like Then check if the data is valid. If the result is positive, the process is considered valid and proceeds to the next evaluation step; otherwise, the next data is entered and the above process is repeated.

[0030] for ,and Valid data, if If, then output the focus; if If, then output tracking; if If so, then an early warning will be issued; if Then an alarm will be output;

[0031] Where a1, a2, and a3 are state thresholds.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least the following:

[0033] Compared with existing ultrasonic testing, infrared imaging, and ultraviolet imaging technologies, the active detection device and method for discharge defects in line insulators proposed in this invention have the following significant advantages:

[0034] 1) Using drones to carry this system can quickly cover large areas of power lines, significantly improving detection efficiency and enabling tower-by-tower detection;

[0035] 2) Active irradiation using X-ray pulse source transforms traditional passive discharge detection into active discharge detection, which can effectively excite defects to generate stable discharge in a short time, shorten the detection waiting time, and improve detection efficiency;

[0036] 3) The discharge electric field threshold is reduced by using an ultraviolet light source, which is not limited by the atmospheric environment and operating voltage. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware configuration of a solar-blind ultraviolet photon detection device based on an X-ray source;

[0038] Figure 2 This is the startup sequence for a solar-blind ultraviolet photon detection device based on an X-ray source.

[0039] Figure 3 It is based on the hierarchical evaluation logic of the discharge photon excitation intensity S;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a physical example and application of a solar-blind ultraviolet photon detection device based on an X-ray source;

[0041] Figure 5 The evaluation logic is based on the graded assessment of the excitation intensity S of the discharge photons. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this invention. The described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the spirit of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this invention.

[0043] Theoretically, the necessary condition for insulation defects to discharge is that the applied electric field strength exceeds the critical field strength for defect discharge. Therefore, micro-defects do not necessarily accompany discharge phenomena, and with increasing service life, potential defects may rapidly develop into sudden insulation faults. Under short-wavelength external irradiation such as X-rays, insulation defects can generate stable discharges at lower electric fields, thereby reducing the partial discharge field threshold and facilitating rapid and effective defect detection. Therefore, this invention proposes an active light source-excited insulator discharge defect detection technology. This system is suitable for use on UAVs and can actively, rapidly, and accurately detect defects in line insulators.

[0044] In Embodiment 1, this invention provides an active detection device for discharge defects in line insulators, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the main hardware components of this device are a solar-blind ultraviolet photon detection device based on an X-ray source, including: a high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source, a solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit, a switching counter, an ultrasonic ranging unit, an information computing unit, and an execution control unit.

[0045] The execution control unit is connected to a high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source, a solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit, a switch counter, an ultrasonic ranging unit, and an information calculation unit, respectively. The solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit, the switch counter, and the information calculation unit are connected sequentially. The execution control unit controls the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source to irradiate the insulator being inspected. During the interval period after irradiation by the high-repetition-rate pulse source, the solar-blind photosensitive sensor detects the discharge photon signal and transmits it to the switch counter. The information calculation unit evaluates the strength of the discharge signal using the distance information obtained by the ultrasonic ranging unit and the photon count result obtained by the switch counter. Preferably, this device is a functional payload for UAV power line inspection, used for online detection of defects and abnormal discharges in various line insulators. In a further preferred but non-limiting embodiment, the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source is used to generate high-repetition-rate X-ray light pulses.

[0046] Specifically, the irradiation angle is not less than 15°, the center wavelength should be within the soft X-ray range (0.5~10nm), the controllable dose range of a single pulse X-ray is 5~15μSv, the controllable pulse half-peak time is 0.5~5μs, and the optical pulse repetition frequency is adjustable within 10~50Hz. The peak output power and half-peak time of the aforementioned pulsed light source are both adjusted by the integrated control unit.

[0047] In a further preferred but non-limiting embodiment, the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit is used to detect insulating discharge ultraviolet photons generated after X-ray excitation; its response wavelength range is the solar-blind ultraviolet band (240~280nm), the quantum efficiency within the solar-blind band is not less than 15%, the light pulse response time is less than 200ns, the effective detection angle θ includes at least -30° to +30°, and this detection angle is symmetrical with the horizontal line as the axis of symmetry; the photoelectric gain is not less than 60dB; when receiving photon signals, it can output a high-level square wave pulse signal with a pulse width of less than 200ns.

[0048] In a further preferred but non-limiting embodiment, the switch counter is used to count the high-level pulse sequence output by the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit, and the number of light pulses in the output X-ray pulse interval time Δt is denoted as n;

[0049] In a further preferred but non-limiting embodiment, the ultrasonic ranging unit is used to obtain the distance between the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit and the detection object, and outputs the ultrasonic ranging value L in the x-ray pulse interval time Δt, denoted as L.

[0050] In a further preferred but non-limiting embodiment, the information calculation unit is used to process the output information of the switch counter, calculate the excitation intensity of the discharge photons according to the calculation steps, and provide a state determination result;

[0051] Specifically, the status determination results include normal, attention, tracking, early warning, and alarm.

[0052] In a further preferred but non-limiting embodiment, the execution control unit is used to control the start and stop of operation and output parameters of the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source, the start and stop of operation of the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit, the start and stop of operation and output parameters of the switch counter, and the start and stop of operation of the information calculation unit;

[0053] Preferably, the execution of commands by the control unit can be controlled by a host computer.

[0054] In Embodiment 2, this invention provides an active detection method for discharge defects in line insulators, based on the active detection device for discharge defects in line insulators described in Embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

[0055] By activating the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit through the execution control unit, the background light pulse when no X-rays are applied is measured to obtain the average discharge frequency within time T, denoted as n0 (unit: s). -1 Preferably, the integer part of T is rounded as follows:

[0056]

[0057] Where k is a positive integer and f is the power frequency AC cycle;

[0058] The controllable dose R (in μSv) of a single pulse of X-ray from a high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source is set by the execution control unit.

[0059] The control unit activates a high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source to irradiate the target area of ​​the line insulator, with the cumulative X-ray dose not exceeding 10 mSv;

[0060] The control unit activates the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit immediately after the pulse output of the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source ends, and the detection frequency is consistent with the X-ray pulse repetition frequency.

[0061] By activating the switch counter through the control unit and keeping it consistent with the working time of the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source, the frequency of the discharge light pulse in the X-ray pulse interval Δt is obtained and denoted as n (unit: s). -1 );

[0062] The ultrasonic ranging unit is activated by the execution control unit and kept in sync with the working time of the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source to obtain the ultrasonic ranging value L in the X-ray pulse interval time Δt, which is denoted as L (unit: m).

[0063] The startup sequence of the solar-blind ultraviolet photon detection device based on an X-ray source is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0064] The information calculation unit is activated by the execution control unit and kept in sync with the working time of the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source. The excitation intensity S of the discharge photons at time t (unit: μSv·s) is calculated according to the following formula. -1 ·m) is used for calculation:

[0065]

[0066] In the formula, Let be the frequency of the X-ray discharge light pulse at time t. The average discharge frequency of the background light pulse during time T when no X-rays are applied. Let be the ultrasonic ranging value at time t. The controllable dose of a single pulse of X-rays from a high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source. This is the effective detection angle for the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit.

[0067] like Figure 3 As shown, the information calculation unit provides a graded evaluation result based on the calculated discharge photon excitation intensity S, according to the following judgment logic:

[0068] Set the valid check value m, and input... ,like If so, the output is normal;

[0069] like Then check if the data is valid. If the result is positive, the process is considered valid and proceeds to the next evaluation step; otherwise, the next data is entered and the above process is repeated.

[0070] for ,and Valid data, if If, then output the focus; if If, then output tracking; if If so, then an early warning will be issued; if Then an alarm will be output;

[0071] Where m is the valid verification value, preferably m=100; a1~a3 are state thresholds, the specific values ​​of which can be given by a combination of insulator type and voltage level, preferably a1=250, a2=580, a3=1000, unit: μSv·s -1 ·m

[0072] The following describes in detail the method embodiments of the present invention so that those skilled in the art can understand the nature and scope of the present invention.

[0073] Applying the hardware structure and working principle of the solar-blind ultraviolet photon detection device based on an X-ray source proposed in this invention, a device as follows was fabricated. Figure 4 The physical device in section a was mounted on a DJI drone gimbal (model: M300 RTK), enabling drone mounting (such as...). Figure 4 b), and applied it to the defect detection of insulators in 10kV distribution lines (such as...). Figure 4 c), ultimately it was determined that the defect state of the insulator in the video was a warning state (e.g., Figure 4 d).

[0074] The following further explains how to apply the principles and processes of this invention to achieve the above effects:

[0075] By activating the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit through the execution control unit, the background light pulse when no X-rays are applied is measured, and the average discharge frequency n0 within time T (T=100ms) is obtained as 210 / s;

[0076] The controllable dose of a single pulse of X-ray from the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source is set to R=8μSv with a pulse width of 2μs by the execution control unit.

[0077] The control unit activates a high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source to irradiate the target area of ​​the line insulator. The repetition rate is 30 Hz and the cumulative X-ray dose is 3.6 mSv (i.e., the total pulse application time is 15 s).

[0078] The control unit activates the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit immediately after the pulse output of the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source ends, and the detection frequency is consistent with the X-ray pulse repetition frequency.

[0079] By activating the switch counter through the control unit and keeping it consistent with the working time of the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source, the discharge pulse frequency n in the X-ray pulse interval time Δt = 33.331 ms was found to be 420~480 s. -1 ;

[0080] The ultrasonic ranging unit is activated by the execution control unit and kept in sync with the working time of the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source to obtain the ultrasonic ranging value L = 3.1~3.3m in the X-ray pulse interval time Δt;

[0081] The information calculation unit is activated by the execution control unit and kept in sync with the working time of the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source. The excitation intensity S of the discharge photons at time t (unit: μSv·s) is calculated according to the following formula. -1 ·m) is used for calculation:

[0082]

[0083] The information calculation unit, based on the calculation result of the discharge photon excitation intensity S, where a2 < S ≤ a3, determines its discharge state as: warning according to the judgment logic (such as Figure 5 )

[0084] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: the specific implementation manners of the present invention can still be modified or equivalently replaced, and any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for active detection of discharge defects in line insulators, characterized in that, This method is based on an active detection device for discharge defects in line insulators, the device comprising: The system includes a high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source, a solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit, a switch counter, an ultrasonic ranging unit, an information computing unit, and an execution control unit. The execution control unit is connected to the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source, the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit, the switch counter, the ultrasonic ranging unit, and the information computing unit, respectively, and is used to control the start and stop of operation or output parameters of each component. A high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source is used to generate X-ray light pulses with a repetition frequency. An ultrasonic ranging unit is used to obtain the distance between the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit and the insulator under test. The solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit, a switch counter, and an information calculation unit are connected in sequence. The solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit is used to detect the ultraviolet photons of insulation discharge generated after X-ray excitation. The switch counter is used to count the high-level pulse sequence output by the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit. The information calculation unit is used to process the information output by the switch counter and give the state judgment result of the insulator under test. The method includes: By activating the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit through the execution control unit, the background light pulse when no X-rays are applied is measured to obtain the average discharge frequency within time T, which is denoted as n0. The controllable dose R of a single pulse of X-rays from a high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source is set by the execution control unit; The control unit activates a high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source to irradiate the target area of ​​the insulator of the line under test. The control unit activates the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit immediately after the pulse output of the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source ends, and the detection frequency is consistent with the X-ray pulse repetition frequency. By executing the control unit to start the switch counter, the frequency of the discharge light pulse in the X-ray pulse interval time t is obtained and denoted as n; The ultrasonic ranging unit is activated by the execution control unit to obtain the ultrasonic ranging value L during the X-ray pulse interval time t. The information calculation unit is activated by the execution control unit and the discharge photon excitation intensity S at the X-ray pulse interval time t is calculated. The information calculation unit gives a graded evaluation result based on the calculation result of the discharge photon excitation intensity S, and obtains the discharge state of the insulator of the line under test. The discharge photon excitation intensity S for the X-ray pulse interval time t is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, The frequency of the X-ray discharge light pulse is the interval between X-ray pulses, t. The average discharge frequency of the background light pulse during time T when no X-rays are applied. The ultrasonic ranging value is the X-ray pulse interval time t. The controllable dose of a single pulse of X-rays from a high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source. This is the effective detection angle for the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit; The information calculation unit provides a graded evaluation result based on the calculation result of the discharge photon excitation intensity S, including: Set the valid check value m, and input... ,like If so, the output is normal; like Then test Whether it is effective, if If the result is positive, the process is considered valid and proceeds to the next evaluation step; otherwise, the next data is entered and the above process is repeated. in, The discharge photon excitation intensity calculated for the interval t of the i-th X-ray pulse. The discharge photon excitation intensity calculated for the (i-1)th X-ray pulse interval time t; for ,and Valid data, if If, then output the focus; if If, then output tracking; if If so, then an early warning will be issued; if Then an alarm will be output; Where a1, a2, and a3 are state thresholds.

2. The active detection method for discharge defects in line insulators according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irradiation angle of the repetitive X-ray pulse source is not less than 15°, the center wavelength range is 0.5~10nm, the controllable dose range of a single pulse X-ray is 5~15μSv, the controllable pulse half-peak time is 0.5~5μs, and the optical pulse repetition frequency is adjustable within 10~50Hz.

3. The active detection method for discharge defects in line insulators according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit has a response wavelength range of 240~280nm, a photon efficiency of not less than 15% in the solar-blind band, a light pulse response time of less than 200ns, an effective detection angle θ of at least -30° to +30°, and a photoelectric gain of not less than 60dB.

4. The active detection method for discharge defects in line insulators according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit receives photon signals and outputs a high-level square wave pulse signal with a pulse width of less than 200 ns.

5. The active detection method for discharge defects in line insulators according to claim 1, characterized in that: The execution control unit is used to control the start and stop of operation and output parameters of the high-repetition-rate X-ray pulse source, the start and stop of operation of the solar-blind ultraviolet photosensitive detection unit, the start and stop of operation and output parameters of the switch counter, and the start and stop of operation of the information calculation unit.

6. The active detection method for discharge defects in line insulators according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the method, the repetitive X-ray pulse source is activated by the execution control unit to irradiate the target area of ​​the line insulator, and the cumulative X-ray dose is not higher than 10 mSv.

7. The active detection method for discharge defects in line insulators according to claim 1, characterized in that: The information calculation unit provides graded evaluation results including normal, attention, tracking, early warning, and alarm.

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