Offshore wind power plant regular layout design method based on boundary adaptive algorithm

Abstract

The invention provides an offshore wind power plant regular layout design method based on a boundary adaptive algorithm, and the method comprises the steps: converting the design of a wind turbine arrangement scheme in a planning field into the design of a wind turbine arrangement scheme in a feasible region, and enabling the feasible region to be equal to the planning field, or enabling the feasible region to be a region after the limitation region of the planning field is removed; the outer boundary coincides with the boundary of the planning field area; according to the method, the grid type wind power plant layout capable of completely covering the feasible region is constructed, and on the premise that the number of the grid nodes in the feasible region is equal to the demand quantity of the wind turbines, the grid nodes, located in the feasible region, on the straight line where the unutilized wind turbine rows of the boundary line of the feasible region are located are dynamically adjusted in an equal-interval processing mode; the wind turbines at the two ends of the wind turbine row are located on the boundary of the feasible region, and an offshore wind power plant regular layout design scheme is obtained through repeated iteration optimization. According to the method, a complex scene containing or not containing a restricted area can be obtained, a regular machine arrangement scheme for fully utilizing the field area can be realized, and wind power engineering practice can be better served.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of wind farm design, and in particular relates to a regular layout design method for an offshore wind farm based on a boundary adaptive algorithm. Background Art

[0002] When planning and designing offshore wind farms, when there's a clear prevailing wind direction, engineers, drawing on years of experience, typically arrange rows of wind turbines perpendicular to that direction. However, when wind directions are more dispersed, lacking clear engineering guidelines, different engineers' plans can vary widely, making reliability difficult to guarantee. Consequently, a growing number of researchers are turning to intelligent optimization algorithms, replacing manual selection methods with computer-aided approaches to optimize wind farm layout designs.

[0003] The Chinese patent document with publication number CN117556594A discloses a method, device, storage medium and terminal for regularly arranging wind turbines in an offshore wind farm. Among them, a "grid-type" strategy is adopted for the layout design of the wind farm. However, the invention does not consider the situation where the site contains restricted areas, which greatly limits its engineering practicality. In addition, when only a single "grid-type" arrangement strategy is adopted without other special treatments, the units at both ends of any wind turbine row are likely to be located inside the site rather than on its boundary, resulting in a waste of the planned area. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to meet the actual needs of engineering projects and address the shortcomings of existing technologies. It proposes a method for designing regular layouts of offshore wind farms based on a boundary adaptive algorithm. It uses an intelligent optimization algorithm to iteratively search for the best, and based on a "grid-type" layout strategy, it controls the arrangement of wind turbines in "rows and columns" to ensure the regularity and beauty of the overall layout. More importantly, it can simultaneously cope with complex scenarios that include or do not include restricted areas, fully utilize the boundaries of the feasible domain, and maximize the utilization of the feasible domain. To this end, the technical solutions adopted by this invention are: A method for designing a regular layout of an offshore wind farm based on a boundary adaptive algorithm, characterized in that the method converts the design of a wind turbine layout scheme in a planned site into the design of a wind turbine layout scheme in a feasible domain, wherein the feasible domain is equal to the planned site, or, if a restricted area exists within the planned site, the feasible domain is the area after the restricted area is removed, and the outer boundary coincides with the boundary of the planned site. The offshore wind farm regular layout design method regards two clusters of straight line families as wind turbine rows and columns, respectively, and uses row spacing, column spacing, arrangement angle, and azimuth angle of wind turbine rows as design variables to construct a grid-type wind farm layout that can completely cover the feasible domain. Under the premise of ensuring that the number of grid nodes within the feasible domain is exactly equal to the demand for wind turbines, according to the intersection of the grid-type wind farm layout and the feasible domain, the grid nodes within the feasible domain on the straight line where the unused wind turbine rows on the boundary line of the feasible domain are located are dynamically adjusted in an equal-spacing manner, so that the wind turbines at both ends of the adjusted wind turbine row are located on the boundary of the feasible domain, thereby achieving full utilization of the feasible domain. Then, with maximizing power generation as the optimization goal, through repeated iterative optimization, a regular layout design scheme for offshore wind farms that meets the output standard is obtained.

[0005] On the basis of adopting the above technical solutions, the present invention may also adopt the following further technical solutions, or use these further technical solutions in combination: The offshore wind farm regular layout design method comprises the following specific steps: Step 1: Data acquisition and parameter setting, including boundary coordinate information of the feasible region and the minimum spacing threshold between adjacent wind turbines , demand for wind turbines ; Step 2: Based on the boundary coordinate information of the feasible region obtained in step 1, a coordinate system is established and the rotation center of the grid arrangement is determined; the value range of each design variable in the grid arrangement strategy is given; and the intelligent optimization algorithm is used to initialize the population, where each individual in the population corresponds to a grid-type wind farm layout; Step 3: For the grid-type wind farm layout corresponding to one of the individuals in the population, determine whether the number of grid nodes in the feasible region is equal to the number of wind turbines required in step 1. If they are different, go directly to step 5; if they are the same, go to the next step; Step 4: When there are two or more grid nodes on the line segment between the adjacent intersection points of the straight line where the wind turbine row is located and the boundary of the feasible region, the grid node coordinates are intelligently and dynamically adjusted so that the wind turbines at both ends of each row of wind turbines are located on the boundary of the feasible region, and whether the distance between any two grid nodes after adjustment meets the minimum distance threshold set in step 1 is determined. ; Step 5: For individuals that meet the constraints in steps 3 and 4, calculate the wind farm power generation under the corresponding arrangement scheme. Otherwise, take the power generation as a minimum value; then calculate the individual fitness; Step 6: Replace an individual and repeat steps 3-5 until all individuals in the population have been traversed; Step 7: Based on the parameter settings of the intelligent optimization algorithm, determine whether the calculation results meet the convergence criteria or reach the maximum allowed number of iterations. If so, output the wind farm layout corresponding to the calculation results as the recommended layout design scheme. If not, based on the individual fitness, take the larger one as the parent to update the population, and repeat steps 3-6.

[0006] In step 1, the data obtained include the boundary coordinates of the feasible region, wind resource data, basic parameters of wind turbines, and the number of wind turbines required to be deployed in the feasible region calculated based on capacity requirements and wind turbine rated power. The parameter setting includes: setting the necessary parameter values ​​according to the selected intelligent optimization algorithm, including population size, maximum number of iterations, and iterative convergence residual; and setting the minimum spacing threshold between adjacent wind turbines during the optimization calculation process. .

[0007] Step 2 specifically includes: Step 2.1: Establish a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system with a boundary point of the planned site as the coordinate origin; select a point outside the planned site as the reference point, and use it as the rotation center of each wind turbine row and column in the grid arrangement; Step 2.2: Set the value range of each design variable in the grid layout strategy and use the intelligent optimization algorithm to initialize the population.

[0008] In step 3, determining whether a grid node is inside or outside the planned area includes the following steps: Step 3.1: For the grid-type wind farm layout corresponding to one of the individuals in the population, construct a two-dimensional grid based on the values ​​of the design variables; obtain the coordinates of all grid nodes in the constructed two-dimensional grid; Step 3.2: Based on the two-dimensional grid constructed in step 3.1, determine the relative position relationship between each grid node and the planned site; For any grid node , calculate the sum of the areas of all triangles formed by the two adjacent vertices in the planned area as triangle vertices. When the sum of the areas of all triangles is the same as the area of ​​the planned area, the grid node Located within the planned area, otherwise, the grid node Located outside the planned site; When there is no restricted area in the planning area, the grid node is outside the planning area, which means it is outside the feasible region, and is inside the planning area, which means it is inside the feasible region; If there is a restricted area within the planned site, the following method is used to determine whether the grid node is in the restricted area outside the inner boundary of the feasible domain: the sum of the areas of all triangles formed by the grid node being determined and two adjacent vertices in each vertex of the restricted area is calculated. If the sum of the areas is equal to the area of ​​the restricted area and the areas of all triangles are greater than 0, the grid node to be determined is located in the restricted area; otherwise, it is located outside the restricted area.

[0009] Step 4 specifically includes: Step 4.1: For each wind turbine row line determined according to the grid-type wind farm layout that passes through the boundary of the feasible region, find its intersection with the boundary of the feasible region; When there is only one grid node on the line segment between the straight line where a certain wind turbine row is located and the intersection of the feasible region boundary, then one wind turbine is placed on this grid node; When there are multiple grid nodes on the line segment between the adjacent intersection points of a certain wind turbine row and the feasible region boundary, the grid nodes on the line segment are adjusted according to the coordinates of the intersection points; specifically: When the planned area does not contain a restricted area or when the planned area contains a restricted area but the wind turbine row line does not pass through the restricted area, that is, it only intersects with the boundary of the planned area at two points, it is recorded as , based on the number of grid nodes in the line segment between the intersection of the straight line where the wind turbine row is located and the boundary of the planned site , for line segments Perform equal division processing, thereby obtaining new grid node positions after stretching the spacing for the wind turbine rows that are not used at the boundary line. , so that there are also grid nodes on the boundary lines on both sides. The coordinates are: ,

[0010] When the straight line of the wind turbine row passes through the restricted area in the planning area, it intersects with the outer boundary of the feasible region at Two points intersecting the inner boundary of the feasible region at At this time, according to the number of grid nodes in the line segment between adjacent intersection points, the line segment and Performing equal division processing, and then obtaining the grid node coordinates after stretching the spacing for the wind turbine rows that are not used on the boundary line, so that each boundary line has a grid node; Step 4.2: After completing the grid node update, the set of grid nodes in the feasible region is recorded as { }; Calculate the distance between any two grid nodes in the set and determine whether it is greater than the minimum distance threshold set in step 1 : ; in, , Respectively refer to and A wind turbine.

[0011] Step 5 specifically includes: for individuals that simultaneously meet the constraints in steps 3 and 4, the wind farm power generation under the corresponding layout scheme is calculated using the analytical model based on the wind resource data obtained in step 1 and the basic parameters of the wind turbine.

[0012] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: It proposes a "boundary adaptive" algorithm that, based on a "grid-like" layout, intelligently and dynamically adjusts the coordinates of each row of wind turbines according to their intersection with the feasible region. This satisfies the "regular layout" requirements of engineering practice while maximizing the utilization of the planned area. More importantly, the algorithm considers the complex constraints of the site, including restricted areas where wind turbines cannot be placed, meeting the application requirements of multiple scenarios, further enhancing the practicality of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the "grid" layout strategy.

[0015] Figures 3(a) and 3(b) are schematic diagrams of the method for determining the relative position relationship between grid node W and the planned site. Figure 3(a) shows grid node W outside the planned site, while Figure 3(b) shows grid node W inside the planned site.

[0016] Figures 4(a) and 4(b) are schematic diagrams of the points before and after the implementation of the “boundary adaptation” adjustment. In Figure 4(a), the straight line PQ of the wind turbine row does not pass through the restricted area, while in Figure 4(b), the straight line PQ of the wind turbine row passes through the restricted area.

[0017] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the feasible region geometry information in Example 1.

[0018] Figure 6 This is the wind rose diagram in Example 1.

[0019] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the points before and after implementing the "boundary adaptation" adjustment in Example 1.

[0020] Figure 8 This is the optimal wind farm layout solution calculated in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit it.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for designing a regular layout of an offshore wind farm based on a boundary adaptive algorithm in the present invention comprises the following steps: Step 1: Data acquisition and parameter setting, specifically: The acquired data include the boundary coordinates of the feasible domain, i.e. the boundary coordinates of the planned site and the boundary coordinates of the restricted zone (if any) where wind turbines cannot be deployed (boundary coordinates within the feasible domain), wind resource data, basic parameters of wind turbines, etc.; based on the capacity requirements and rated power of wind turbines, the total number of wind turbines required to be deployed within the feasible domain is calculated. ; Select the intelligent optimization algorithm and set the necessary parameter values, including population size, maximum number of iterations, iterative convergence residual, etc.; set the minimum spacing threshold between adjacent wind turbines during the optimization calculation process .

[0023] Step 2: Based on the feasible region coordinate information obtained in step 1, a coordinate system is established and the rotation center of the grid arrangement is determined; based on actual needs, the value range of each design variable in the grid arrangement strategy is given; and using an intelligent optimization algorithm, a population is initialized, where each individual in the population corresponds to a grid-type wind farm layout, specifically: Step 2.1: Based on the feasible region coordinates entered in step 1, establish a two-dimensional Cartesian rectangular coordinate system with a boundary point of the planning area as the coordinate origin. Take a point outside the planning area as the reference point, such as point , and use it as the “rotation center” of each wind turbine row and column in the “grid-type” arrangement.

[0024] Reference Figure 2 The "grid" layout strategy is briefly described as follows: Based on two clusters of straight line families (hereinafter referred to as line families A and B for ease of distinction; the lines within each family are parallel and equally spaced), a two-dimensional grid is constructed, representing wind turbine rows and columns, respectively. In other words, each grid node represents a wind turbine location. The design variables involved in the "grid" layout are explained as follows: The straight line passing through the “rotation center” in the straight line family A (corresponding to the wind turbine row) and The angle of the positive axis, is the angle between the line passing through the “rotation center” in line family B (corresponding to the wind turbine array) and the aforementioned line, is the distance between any two adjacent straight lines in the line family A (corresponding to the row spacing), is the distance between any two adjacent lines in line family B (corresponding to column spacing).

[0025] Step 2.2: According to actual needs, set the value range of each design variable in the "grid type" arrangement strategy, and use the intelligent optimization algorithm to initialize the population.

[0026] Step 3: For the grid-type wind farm layout corresponding to one of the individuals in the population (i.e., a set of design variables), determine whether the number of grid nodes in the feasible region (if there is no restricted area where wind turbines cannot be arranged, then it is within the planned area; if there is a restricted area, then it is inside the planned area and outside the restricted area) is the same as the number of wind turbines required in step 1. If they are different, go directly to step 5. If they are the same, go to the next step. Specifically: Step 3.1, for one of the individuals in the population, construct a two-dimensional grid based on the values ​​of the design variables and the coordinates of all grid nodes. Note that there are N1 and N2 straight lines in the line family A and B respectively. It is easy to know that the line family A passing through the "rotation center" The grid coordinates on the line are:

[0027] Similarly, in the line family B, through the "rotation center" The grid coordinates on the line are:

[0028] By analogy, in the constructed two-dimensional grid, the coordinates of any grid node are:

[0029] Where N1 and N2 are respectively a large positive integer, such as 1000, so that after rotation at different angles, the two-dimensional grid constructed by the line family A and the line family B can fully cover the feasible region, and i and j are respectively the first and second The line and the line family B A straight line.

[0030] Step 3.2: Using the two-dimensional grid constructed above, determine the relative positional relationship between each grid node and the planned site. For example, determining the relative positional relationship between grid node W and planned site OABCD. Figure 3(a) shows that grid node W is outside planned site OABCD, while Figure 3(b) shows that grid node W is inside planned site OABCD. The detailed determination process is as follows: First, according to the endpoint coordinates of the planned site , use the vector outer product to calculate the field area ,in:

[0031] Furthermore, for any grid node , calculate triangle Area And their sum, when the area is the same as the planned site area, that is , it is easy to know that the grid node Located in the planned area When the two are different, the grid nodes Located in the planned area outside.

[0032] Similarly, when the site contains a restricted area where wind turbines cannot be deployed, the above method can be used to determine the relative position relationship between any node and the restricted area. Specifically: According to the endpoint coordinates of the restricted area , use the vector outer product to calculate the field area ,in: Furthermore, for any grid node , calculate triangle Area And their sum, when the area is the same as the restricted area, is , it is easy to know that the grid node Located in a restricted area When the two are different, the grid nodes Located in a restricted area outside.

[0033] According to the above operation, the number of grid nodes falling within the feasible region can be determined. When it is equal to the total number of wind turbines required in step 1, If they are the same, go to the next step; otherwise, go to step 5.

[0034] Step 4: When there are two or more grid nodes on the line segment between the adjacent intersection points of the straight line where the wind turbine row is located and the boundary of the feasible region, the grid node coordinates are intelligently and dynamically adjusted so that the wind turbines at both ends of each row of wind turbines are located on the boundary of the feasible region, and whether the distance between any two grid nodes after adjustment meets the minimum distance threshold set in step 1 is determined. Specifically: Step 4.1: Continuing with the two-dimensional grid in step 3, for each wind turbine row line determined according to the grid-type wind farm layout that passes through the feasible region boundary, find its intersection with the feasible region boundary.

[0035] Specifically, when there is only one grid node on the line segment between the straight line where a wind turbine row is located and the intersection of the feasible domain boundary, no processing is required. In the corresponding wind farm layout plan, one wind turbine will be placed on this grid node. When there are multiple grid nodes on the line segment between the adjacent intersection points of the straight line where a wind turbine row is located and the feasible domain boundary, it is necessary to adjust each node on the straight line within the feasible domain based on the coordinates of the intersection points.

[0036] More specifically, when the planned area does not contain a restricted area or when the planned area contains a restricted area but the wind turbine row line does not pass through the restricted area, that is, it only intersects the boundary of the planned area at two points, it is recorded as , as shown in Figure 4(a), at this time, the number of grid nodes in the line segment on the straight line that falls within the feasible region can be , for line segments Perform equal division processing, thereby obtaining new grid node positions after stretching the spacing for the wind turbine rows that are not used at the boundary line. , so that there are grid nodes on both sides of the boundary line. A wind turbine is arranged at each grid node with the coordinates: ,

[0037] When the straight line of the wind turbine row passes through the restricted area in the planning area, as shown in Figure 4(b), it intersects with the outer boundary of the feasible region, that is, the boundary of the planning area. Two points, intersecting the restricted area (that is, the inner boundary of the feasible region) at In this case, the line segments need to be sorted according to the number of nodes in each segment. and The wind turbine rows that are not used on the boundary line are divided equally and the updated node coordinates are obtained. Each boundary line has a grid node, the wind turbine spacing is stretched, and a wind turbine is arranged at each grid node.

[0038] In Figure 4(a) and Figure 4(b), the black dots represent the wind turbine positions before “boundary adaptation” adjustment, and the red dots represent the wind turbine positions after “boundary adaptation” adjustment.

[0039] Step 4.2: After the above “boundary adaptation” adjustment and point update, the set of grid nodes in the feasible region is recorded as { }. Calculate the distance between any two points in the set and determine whether it is greater than the minimum distance threshold set in step 1 :

[0040] in, , Respectively refer to Taiwan and the first typhoon turbines.

[0041] In step 5, for the individuals that simultaneously meet the constraints in steps 3 and 4, the wind farm power generation under the corresponding arrangement scheme is calculated, and then the individual fitness is calculated; specifically: For individuals that meet both the constraints in steps 3 and 4, the analytical model calculates the wind farm power generation under the corresponding layout scheme based on the wind resource data entered in step 1 and the basic wind turbine parameters. For individuals that do not meet the constraints, the power generation is taken as a minimum value, such as 0.001. The power generation calculation result is used as the individual's fitness value. The layout scheme corresponding to individuals with larger fitness values ​​is more likely to be selected by the algorithm.

[0042] In step 6, repeat steps 3-5, loop through all individuals in the population, and pass the calculation results to step 7; In step 7, based on the parameter settings of the intelligent optimization algorithm, it is determined whether the calculation result meets the convergence standard or reaches the maximum allowable number of iterations. If so, the wind farm layout corresponding to the calculation result is output as the recommended layout design scheme. If not, the larger individual fitness is selected as the parent to update the population, and steps 3-6 are repeated.

[0043] Step 1: Figure 5 The feasible region geometry information for Example 1 is summarized. The purple line represents the outer boundary of the feasible region, which is also the boundary of the planned site. The red dotted line represents the inner boundary of the feasible region. The area surrounded by it is the restricted area within the planned site where wind turbines cannot be placed. In the southwest of the planned area, there are multiple existing wind turbines, represented by red squares. The wind turbines planned to be installed in the planning area are exactly the same as the existing wind turbines, with a rotor diameter of =260m, rated power 18MW; the wind rose at the hub height of the wind turbine is as follows Figure 6 shown.

[0044] According to the capacity requirement of 300MW and the rated power of the wind turbines of 18MW, a total of 17 wind turbines need to be installed on the site.

[0045] The genetic algorithm is used to iteratively optimize the layout scheme. The goal is to maximize the power generation of the wind farm. The population size is 100, the maximum number of iterations is 100, the iterative convergence residual is 0.001, and the minimum spacing threshold between adjacent units is set to 3. .

[0046] Step 2: Take the southwest corner boundary point A of the feasible region as the coordinate origin, and the east direction is Axis positive direction, due north direction is Axis positive direction, establish a two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system. In this coordinate system, the coordinates of the boundary points outside the feasible region are , , , , the boundary point coordinates of the internal restricted area are , , , ; Take a point outside the planned area , used as the rotation center of each wind turbine row and column in the "grid-type" arrangement.

[0047] Regarding the various design variables involved in the "grid-type" layout strategy, the feasible range of variation is set as follows based on the site geometry information and actual needs:

[0048]

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] Next, take the value Taking a set of design variables as an example, steps 3-5 are described in detail.

[0052] Step 3: According to the values ​​of the design variables, a two-dimensional grid is constructed, such as Figure 7 As shown by the black dots in the figure, the coordinates of any grid node are calculated as follows:

[0053] In order to determine the relative positional relationship between each grid node and the planned site and its internal restricted area, and to facilitate the subsequent automatic adjustment of the points, it is necessary to first determine the equations of the lines along each boundary. Specifically: endpoint The equation of the straight line is: ; endpoint The equation of the straight line is: ; endpoint The equation of the straight line is: ; endpoint The equation of the straight line is: .

[0054] endpoint The equation of the straight line is: ; endpoint The equation of the straight line is: ; endpoint The equation of the straight line is: ; endpoint The equation of the straight line is: .

[0055] The calculation results show that for the two-dimensional grid corresponding to the above values, the number of nodes in the feasible region is 17, which exactly matches the total number of wind turbines required in step 1.

[0056] Step 4: Following the grid-type wind farm layout in step 3, a total of 4 straight lines (connecting the black dots from the bottom to the upper right) pass through the planned site, such as Figure 7 shown.

[0057] There are three lines outside the restricted area, and the number of nodes on each line that falls within the feasible region is different, namely 1, 4, and 7. For the case where the number of grid nodes is 1, no point adjustment is required. For the cases where the number of grid points is 4 and 7, the intersection of the corresponding line and the outer boundary of the field area needs to be solved, and then the point position is updated based on the coordinates of the intersection point and the number of grid nodes. In addition, according to Figure 7 , there is only one straight line passing through the restricted area, which intersects the planned site boundary (i.e., the outer boundary of the feasible region) and the inner restricted area boundary (i.e., the inner boundary of the feasible region) at two points respectively. The number of network nodes on one side is 2, while the number on the other side is 3. In this case, the two line segments on both sides need to be divided into 2 and 3 equal parts respectively to update the point positions.

[0058] After the coordinate update is completed, the points are as follows Figure 7 As shown by the red dot in .

[0059] Taking the above point coordinate set, calculate the distance between any two points and get , that is, the minimum spacing requirement is met.

[0060] Step 5: Based on the point coordinate set in step 4, the wind resource data and basic wind turbine parameters input in step 1 are combined to calculate the wind farm power generation using an analytical model. More specifically, in this example, the wake velocity loss of any isolated wind turbine is calculated using a Gaussian model:

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] in, is the wind speed at the wind turbine, is the thrust coefficient of the wind turbine, is the wind wheel diameter, is the hub height, Respectively represent the flow direction, lateral and vertical distance relative to the center point of the wind rotor, is the wind speed loss caused by the wind turbine wake at point (x, y, z); is the wake attenuation coefficient, which is used to quantify the change of wake velocity loss and influence range with downstream distance. It has a strong positive correlation with turbulence intensity and is calculated as follows:

[0064]

[0065] in, is the inflow turbulence intensity, is the additional turbulence intensity generated by the operation of the wind turbine, and its magnitude can be estimated by the following empirical calculation formula:

[0066] in, is the axial induction factor of the wind turbine, and the calculation formula is:

[0067] The linear superposition method is used to quantify the influence of the wake superposition effect of multiple wind turbines. For example, when a wind turbine is operating in the wake area of ​​multiple upstream wind turbines, the effective wind speed it senses can be calculated using the following formula:

[0068] in, is the inflow wind speed, Refers to the number When the front row wind turbines are operating in isolation, their wakes are Speed ​​loss at .

[0069] Steps 6 and 7: Based on the genetic algorithm, through repeated iterative calculations, the design variable combination that meets the output standard is obtained as (-0.426, 1.460, 5.798* ,4.506* ), the corresponding wind farm layout scheme is as follows Figure 8 The wind turbine locations designed in this example, also known as grid nodes, are labeled with Arabic numerals 1-17, while Arabic numerals 18-36 represent the locations of existing wind turbines.

[0070] The foregoing description is intended only to provide specific embodiments of the present invention, which will enable those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be embodied in the widest possible manner consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for designing regular layout of offshore wind farms based on boundary adaptive algorithm, characterized in that: The offshore wind farm rule layout design method converts the wind turbine arrangement scheme designed in the planned site into the wind turbine arrangement scheme designed in the feasible domain, and the feasible domain is equal to the planned site, or if there is a restricted area in the planned site, the feasible domain is the area after the restricted area is removed from the planned site, and the outer boundary coincides with the boundary of the planned site; The offshore wind farm regular layout design method regards two clusters of straight line families as wind turbine rows and columns respectively, and uses row spacing, column spacing, arrangement angle and azimuth of wind turbine rows as design variables to construct a grid-type wind farm layout that can completely cover the feasible domain. Under the premise of ensuring that the number of grid nodes in the feasible domain is exactly equal to the demand for wind turbines, the grid nodes in the feasible domain on the straight line where the unused wind turbine row on the boundary line of the feasible domain is located are dynamically adjusted in an equal-spacing manner according to the intersection of the grid-type wind farm layout and the feasible domain, so that the wind turbines at both ends of the adjusted wind turbine row are located on the boundary of the feasible domain, thereby achieving full utilization of the feasible domain; and then taking the maximum power generation as the optimization goal, through repeated iterative optimization, a regular layout design scheme for offshore wind farms that meets the output standard is obtained.

2. A method for designing regular layout of offshore wind farms based on boundary adaptive algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that: The offshore wind farm regular layout design method comprises the following specific steps: Step 1: Data acquisition and parameter setting, including boundary coordinate information of the feasible domain and the minimum spacing threshold between adjacent wind turbines , demand for wind turbines ; Step 2: According to the boundary coordinate information of the feasible region obtained in step 1, a coordinate system is established, and the rotation center of the grid arrangement is determined; the value range of each design variable in the grid arrangement strategy is given; and the population is initialized using an intelligent optimization algorithm, wherein each individual in the population corresponds to a grid-type wind farm layout; Step 3: For the grid-type wind farm layout corresponding to one of the individuals in the population, determine whether the number of grid nodes in the feasible region is equal to the number of wind turbines required in step 1. Same; if the two are different, go directly to step 5, if they are the same, go to the next step; Step 4: When there are two or more grid nodes on the line segment between the adjacent intersection points of the straight line where the wind turbine row is located and the boundary of the feasible domain, the grid node coordinates are intelligently and dynamically adjusted so that the wind turbines at both ends of each row of wind turbines are located on the boundary of the feasible domain, and it is determined whether the spacing between any two grid nodes after adjustment meets the minimum spacing threshold set in step 1 ; Step 5: For individuals that meet the constraints in steps 3 and 4 at the same time, calculate the wind farm power generation under the corresponding arrangement scheme, otherwise, take the power generation as a minimum value; and then calculate the individual fitness; Step 6: Replace an individual and repeat steps 3-5 until all individuals in the population have been traversed; Step 7: According to the parameter settings of the intelligent optimization algorithm, determine whether the calculation results meet the convergence criteria or reach the maximum allowed number of iterations. If they do, output the wind farm layout corresponding to the calculation results as the recommended layout design scheme. If not, based on the individual fitness, take the larger one as the parent to update the population, and repeat steps 3-6.

3. A method for designing regular layout of offshore wind farms based on boundary adaptive algorithm according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the data obtained include the boundary coordinates of the feasible region, wind resource data, basic parameters of wind turbines, and the number of wind turbines required to be deployed in the feasible region calculated based on capacity requirements and wind turbine rated power. ; The parameter setting includes: according to the selected intelligent optimization algorithm, setting the necessary parameter values, including population size, maximum number of iterations, and iterative convergence residual; and setting the minimum spacing threshold between adjacent wind turbines during the optimization calculation process .

4. The offshore wind farm rule layout design method based on boundary adaptive algorithm according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 2 specifically includes: Step 2.1, establish a two-dimensional Cartesian rectangular coordinate system with a boundary point of the planned site as the coordinate origin; take a point outside the planned site as a reference point, and use it as the rotation center of each wind turbine row and column in the grid arrangement; Step 2.2, set the value range of each design variable in the grid arrangement strategy, and use the intelligent optimization algorithm to initialize the population.

5. The offshore wind farm rule layout design method based on boundary adaptive algorithm according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 3, the determination of whether the grid node is inside or outside the planned area includes the following steps: Step 3.1, for the grid-type wind farm layout corresponding to one of the individuals in the population, construct a two-dimensional grid according to the values ​​of the design variables; obtain the coordinates of all grid nodes in the constructed two-dimensional grid; Step 3.2, following the two-dimensional grid constructed in step 3.1, determine the relative position relationship between each grid node and the planned site; For any grid node , calculate the sum of the areas of all triangles formed by the two adjacent vertices in the planned site. When the sum of the areas of all triangles is the same as the area of ​​the planned site, the grid node Located within the planned area, otherwise, the grid node Located outside the planned site; When there is no restricted area in the planning area, the grid node is located outside the planning area, that is, outside the feasible domain, and is located inside the planning area, that is, inside the feasible domain; In the case where there are restricted areas within the planned site, it is determined whether the grid node is in the restricted area outside the inner boundary of the feasible domain. The following method is used: the sum of the areas of all triangles consisting of the two adjacent vertices of the grid node to be determined and each vertex in the restricted area as triangle vertices is calculated. If the sum of the areas is equal to the area of ​​the restricted area, and the areas of each triangle are greater than 0, the grid node to be determined is located in the restricted area; otherwise, it is located outside the restricted area.

6. The offshore wind farm rule layout design method based on boundary adaptive algorithm according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 4 specifically includes: Step 4.1: For each wind turbine row line determined according to the grid-type wind farm layout that passes through the boundary of the feasible region, solve its intersection with the boundary of the feasible region; When there is only one grid node on the line segment between the straight line where a certain wind turbine row is located and the intersection point of the feasible region boundary, one wind turbine is placed on the grid node; When there are multiple grid nodes on the line segment between the adjacent intersection points of a certain wind turbine row and the feasible region boundary, the grid nodes on the line segment are adjusted according to the coordinates of the intersection points; specifically: When the planned site does not contain a restricted area or when the planned site contains a restricted area but the wind turbine row line does not pass through the restricted area, that is, it only intersects with the boundary of the planned site at two points, it is recorded as , according to the number of grid nodes in the line segment between the intersection of the straight line where the wind turbine row is located and the boundary of the planned site , for line segment The grid nodes are divided equally, and the new grid nodes are obtained after the grid nodes are stretched. , so that there are also grid nodes on the boundary lines on both sides. The coordinates are: ， ， When the straight line of the wind turbine row passes through the restricted area in the planned area, it intersects with the outer boundary of the feasible region at Two points intersecting the inner boundary of the feasible region at At this time, according to the number of grid nodes in the line segment between adjacent intersection points, the line segment and Performing equal division processing, and then obtaining the grid node coordinates after the stretched spacing for the wind turbine row that is not used on the boundary line, so that each boundary line has a grid node; Step 4.2: After completing the grid node update, the set of grid nodes in the feasible domain is recorded as { }; Calculate the distance between any two grid nodes in the set and determine whether it is greater than the minimum distance threshold set in step 1 : ； in, , Respectively refer to and A wind turbine.

7. The offshore wind farm rule layout design method based on boundary adaptive algorithm according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 5 specifically includes: for individuals that simultaneously meet the constraints in steps 3 and 4, the wind resource data obtained in step 1 and the basic parameters of the wind turbine are used to calculate the wind farm power generation under the corresponding layout scheme using an analytical model.

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