Freshness enhancing labels, sheets, and pouches

Abstract

Freshness enhancing labels, sheets, and pouches are presented. In one embodiment, a pouch for preventing spoilage of perishable items comprises: one or more complexes wherein each of the one or more complexes comprises one or more biologically active compounds and a carrier material; and a delivery layer configured to encapsulate the complex and to allow delivery of the one or more biologically active compounds. Further, a sheet for preventing spoilage of perishable articles comprises: one or more complexes wherein each of the one or more complexes comprises one or more biologically active compounds and a carrier material; and a substrate configured to hold the composite, where the sheet is configured to deliver the one or more bioactive ingredients onto the perishable article.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 376,045, filed on September 16, 2022, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Background Art

[0002] Various volatile compounds such as essential oil compounds are known to have antifungal activity and can help extend the shelf life of perishable items by inhibiting spoilage. Preventing spoilage over a certain duration requires the release of compounds into the environment in a continuous and predictable manner in order to maintain the desired concentration of these volatile compounds in the gas phase. In addition to volatile compounds with antifungal activity, other volatile compounds such as 1-MCP used in the environment of perishable items such as perennial fruits can also work synergistically to extend the shelf life of perishable products.

[0003] Therefore, there is a need for systems and methods for controlling the release rate of active compounds to extend the shelf life of perishable items. Summary of the invention

[0004] This Summary is provided to introduce some concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0005] In one aspect, a pouch for preventing spoilage of perishable items comprises: one or more composites, wherein each composite comprises one or more biologically active compounds and a carrier material; and a transfer layer configured to encapsulate the composites and allow transfer of the one or more biologically active compounds.

[0006] In another aspect, a sheet for preventing spoilage of perishable items comprises: one or more composites, wherein each of the one or more composites comprises one or more bioactive compounds and a carrier material; and a substrate configured to retain the composites, wherein the sheet is configured to transfer the one or more bioactive ingredients to the perishable items.

[0007] In yet another aspect, an adhesive layer is added to the sheet to form a label or tag configured to be secured to the interior or exterior of a container.

[0008] In yet another aspect, a system includes a container and at least one of a pouch, sheet, label, or tag as described herein. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of the present invention will become more readily explained as the same become better understood with reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figures 1A to 1M is an example pouch according to the present disclosure; FIG. 2A to FIG. 2B is an example pouch having an adhesive backing according to the present disclosure; FIG. 3A to FIG. 3D is an example sheet according to the present disclosure; FIG. 4A to FIG. 4C is an example decal according to the present disclosure; FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D is an example decal according to the present disclosure; FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C is an example configuration for a product according to the present disclosure; Figure 7 is an example container with a label according to the present disclosure; and Figure 8 is an example method of forming a product according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] While illustrative embodiments have been illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that various changes can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0011] Before explaining in detail at least one embodiment of the presently disclosed and / or claimed inventive concept, it should be understood that the presently disclosed and / or claimed inventive concept is not limited in its application to the details of the construction and arrangement of the components or steps or methods set forth in the following description. The presently disclosed and / or claimed inventive concept is capable of other embodiments or can be practiced or implemented in various ways. Moreover, it should be understood that the wording and terminology employed herein are for descriptive purposes and should not be considered limiting.

[0012] Unless otherwise defined herein, technical terms used in conjunction with the inventive concepts currently disclosed and / or claimed should have the meanings commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms should include pluralities, and plural terms should include the singular.

[0013] All patents, published patent applications, and non-patent publications mentioned in this specification are indicative of the technical level of those skilled in the art to which the inventive concepts currently disclosed and / or claimed pertain. All patents, published patent applications, and non-patent publications cited in any part of this application are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, to the same extent as if each individual patent or publication was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

[0014] In light of the present disclosure, all articles and / or methods disclosed herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation. Although the articles and methods of the presently disclosed and / or claimed inventive concepts have been described according to preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the steps or sequence of steps of these articles and / or methods and the methods described herein may be changed without departing from the concept, spirit and scope of the presently disclosed and / or claimed inventive concepts.

[0015] As used in accordance with the present disclosure, the following terms shall be understood to have the following meanings, unless otherwise indicated.

[0016] When used with the term "comprising", the word "one / kind" may mean "one / kind", but is also consistent with the meaning of "one / kind or more / kinds", "at least one / kind", and "one / kind or more than one / kind". The use of the term "or" is used to mean "and / or", unless it is explicitly indicated that the alternative is only referred to when the alternatives are mutually exclusive, although the present disclosure supports the definition of "and / or" that only refers to the alternative. Throughout this application, the term "about" is used to indicate that the value includes the inherent error variation of the quantitative device, the method for determining the value, or the variation present among the research subjects. For example, but not by way of limitation, when the term "about" is used, the specified value may vary plus or minus 12%, or 11%, or 10%, or 9%, or 8%, or 7%, or 6%, or 5%, or 4%, or 3%, or 2%, or 1%. The use of the term "at least one" will be understood to include any number of one and more than one, including but not limited to 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, etc. The term "at least one" can extend to 100 or 1000 or more depending on the term attached to it; in addition, the number 100 / 1000 is not considered limiting, as lower or higher limits may also produce satisfactory results. In addition, the use of the term "at least one of X, Y, and Z" will be understood to include X alone, Y alone, and Z alone, as well as any combination of X, Y, and Z. For example, the use of ordinal terms (i.e., "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc.) is only for the purpose of distinguishing two or more items, and is not meant to imply any order or sequence or importance of one item relative to another or any order of addition.

[0017] As used herein, the words "comprise", "have", "include" or "contain" are inclusive or open-ended, and do not exclude additional unlisted elements or method steps. As used herein, the term "or a combination thereof" refers to all permutations and combinations of the listed items preceding the term. For example, "A, B, C or a combination thereof" is intended to include at least one of the following: A, B, C, AB, AC, BC or ABC, and if the order is important in a particular context, also includes BA, CA, CB, CBA, BCA, ACB, BAC or CAB. Continuing with this example, combinations containing repetitions of one or more items or terms are explicitly included, such as BB, AAA, AB, BBC, AAABCCCC, CBBAAA, CABABB, etc. The skilled person will understand that there is generally no limit to the number of items or terms in any combination, unless it is obvious from the context.

[0018] Postharvest corruption of fruits, vegetables and plants is the cause of significant economic losses. Certain volatile essential oil compounds (also referred to as "bioactive compounds," "compounds," or "preparations") have bioactive properties that help protect perishable products from corruption. When these bioactive compounds are released into an environment where perishable agricultural products are stored, postharvest losses due to corruption can be reduced. Preparations can include one or more such active compounds that inhibit corruption by limiting microbial growth. Preparations can also include compounds with other important functions, such as those that preserve and stabilize active compounds (such as antioxidants), compounds that help produce desired aroma characteristics, those compounds that can regulate ethylene responses, and compounds that stimulate and regulate the natural defense / immune response of agricultural products. Finally, such ingredients can also be combined with various carriers and controlled release matrices such as waxes. These preparations or composite preparation-carrier combinations constitute platforms that perform the core functions of affecting biological responses.

[0019] These composites can be further incorporated into various integrated end products as described herein. The present disclosure describes many product concepts suitable for retail boxes such as clamshell containers filled with fruit, closed containers, salad boxes or fruit boxes, trays and bags such as salad bags or fruit bags. The term "product" should be understood to include pouches, labels, tags, sheets and combinations thereof as described herein.

[0020] In one aspect, a pouch for preventing spoilage of perishable items comprises one or more composites, wherein each of the one or more composites comprises one or more biologically active compounds and a carrier material. The pouch further comprises a transfer layer configured to encapsulate the composite and allow transfer of the one or more biologically active compounds.

[0021] In some embodiments, the one or more complexes are in the form of beads, granules, powders, discs, sheets, flakes, or combinations thereof.

[0022] In some embodiments, the biologically active compound is selected from the group consisting of trans-2-hexenal, trans-2-octenal, trans-2-nonenal, trans-2-decenal, trans-2-dodecenal, p-isopropylbenzaldehyde, citronellal, thymol, perillaldehyde, carvacrol, citral, carvone, menthol, borneol acetate, 1-octanol, terpinen-4-ol, linalool, trans-anethole, trans-cinnamaldehyde, ethyl octanoate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl decanoate, methyl octanoate, methyl nonanoate, methyl decanoate, fenchol, borneol, camphor, methyl eugenol, menthol, methyl salicylate, methyl anthranilate, phenylethyl acetate, phenylacetic acid, cinnamic acetate, gamma-octalactone, gamma-decanoate, eucalyptol, geranium oil, lavender oil, thyme oil, Clove oil, (-)-bornyl acetate, (-)-terpinen-4-ol, (+)-carvone, (±)-citronellal, (R)-(+)-citronellal, (S)-(–)-citronellal, (R)-(+)-longifolia mint, thymol, 4-allylanisole, cis-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-ol, citronellol, trans-methyl cinnamate, myrcene, ocimene, terpineol, 1-methyl-3-methoxy-4-isopropylbenzene, menthol, menthone, isomenthone, vanillin, geranyl formate, palmitic acid, (S)-(-)-perillaldehyde, nootkatone, hinokitiol, d-limonene, s-limonene, p-isopropyltoluene, nerolidol, 3-decen-2-one and other stereoisomers of these compounds and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the carrier material is selected from the group consisting of water, paraffin, petroleum wax, natural wax, beeswax, resins, synthetic polymers, biodegradable natural polymers, ceramics, modified cellulose, methyl cellulose, surfactants, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, microporous alumina, anodized aluminum, activated carbon, zeolites, metal carboxylates, inorganic compounds, and combinations thereof.

[0023] In some embodiments, the pouch also includes a peeling layer, an adhesive layer configured to fix the pouch to a surface, and a backing layer configured to contact the adhesive layer. In some embodiments, the backing layer is permeable for one or more bioactive compounds. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer is mixed with one or more bioactive compounds or is injected with one or more bioactive compounds. In some embodiments, the peeling layer can be on one or more faces of the pouch, including the front, back, left and / or right side of the pouch. In some embodiments, the peeling layer is configured to protect the adhesive layer until the pouch is ready to be applied. In some embodiments, the peeling layer traps the bioactive compound inside the pouch (or sheet as described herein). In such embodiments, once the peeling layer is peeled off and / or removed, the release of the bioactive compound begins.

[0024] In another aspect, a sheet for preventing spoilage of perishable items is disclosed, the sheet comprising: one or more composites, wherein each of the one or more composites comprises one or more biologically active compounds and a carrier material; and a substrate configured to hold the composites, wherein the sheet is configured to deliver the one or more biologically active ingredients to the perishable items. In some embodiments, the sheet may include an adhesive layer. In some embodiments, the sheet may be referred to as a "label" or "sticker". It will be understood by those skilled in the art that a sheet with an adhesive backing is considered a label or sticker as described herein.

[0025] In some embodiments, one or more composites are coated onto a substrate. In some embodiments, one or more composites at least partially impregnate a substrate. In some embodiments, one or more composites are sandwiched between layers of a sheet or pouch. In some embodiments, one or more composites are embedded between layers of a sheet or pouch.

[0026] In some embodiments, the sheet further comprises an adhesive layer configured to secure the sheet to the container, and a release layer configured to be removed from the adhesive layer to expose the adhesive layer. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer is mixed with or infused with one or more biologically active compounds.

[0027] In some embodiments, the sheet also includes a topcoat configured to regulate the rate of release of one or more bioactive compounds. In some embodiments, the topcoat also includes one or more bioactive compounds. In some embodiments, the sheet also includes a peeling top layer configured to protect the adhesive layer until the pouch is ready to be applied. In some embodiments, the peeling top layer traps the bioactive compound inside the sheet. In such embodiments, once the peeling layer is peeled off and / or removed, the release of the bioactive compound begins.

[0028] In some embodiments, the sheet is configured for securing to the exterior of a container. In some embodiments, the sheet further comprises a top layer configured to prevent loss of one or more biologically active ingredients to the environment.

[0029] In some embodiments, the top layer includes images, information graphics, text, or a combination thereof.

[0030] In some embodiments, a system for preventing spoilage of perishable items comprises a pouch as described herein and a container, wherein the pouch is placed inside the container and is configured to release one or more bioactive ingredients into the container and onto the perishable item.

[0031] In some embodiments, a system for preventing spoilage of perishable items includes a pouch as described herein and a container configured to hold the perishable item, wherein the sheet is placed inside the container and is configured to release one or more bioactive ingredients into the container and onto the perishable item.

[0032] In some embodiments, a system for preventing perishable items from spoiling is disclosed, the system comprising a sheet as described herein and a permeable container, wherein the sheet is placed outside the permeable container, and wherein the sheet is configured to release one or more biologically active compounds through the permeable container and onto the perishable items. In some embodiments, the permeability of the container can be achieved by material selection (such as the chemical properties of the container), thickness, and / or by using a physical pattern (such as perforating the container). In some embodiments, the permeable container is completely permeable, i.e., all surfaces of the container are permeable. In some embodiments, the permeable container includes a permeable portion that is not the entire surface of the container.

[0033] Generally speaking, pouches, sheets, labels or other products used to prevent perishable items from spoiling can be collectively referred to as "anti-spoilage products." These anti-spoilage products include one or more complexes, wherein each of the one or more complexes includes one or more biologically active compounds and a carrier material.

[0034] Figures 1A to 1M is an exemplary pouch 100 according to the present disclosure. In some embodiments, a carrier-active compound as described in detail herein is incorporated into a Figures 1A to 1M The pouch 100 is shown.

[0035] In some embodiments, the pouch 100 includes: one or more complexes 110 (or co-formulations), wherein each of the one or more complexes includes one or more biologically active compounds and a carrier material; and at least one transmission layer 105, which can be a sheet; or both.

[0036] In some embodiments, the transfer layer 105 is made of a cellulose material, a permeable mesh, paper, plastic or nylon. In some embodiments, the transfer layer is sealed with glue. In operation, the transfer layer contains the carrier active compound 110 (or co-formulation) and is permeable to allow the biologically active compound to be transferred through the transfer layer 105.

[0037] The compound formulation 110 can take many different forms, including beads, particles, powders, discs, sheets, and combinations thereof, as described in further detail herein. In some embodiments, discrete pieces of the compound formulation 110 can each contain a blend of biologically active compounds. In some embodiments, different groups of compound formulation 110 particles can contain different groups of biologically active compounds.

[0038] In some embodiments, anti-caking or anti-caking agents such as corn starch, potato starch or other starches, cellulose powder, pullulan, maltodextrin, silicon dioxide, magnesium silicate, calcium silicate, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, diatomaceous earth, bentonite and other clays are added to the particles of composite 110 to prevent them from sticking together and clumping.

[0039] In some embodiments, the pouch further comprises one of a plurality of compounds configured to counteract, neutralize, or complement the odor of the one or more biologically active compounds. In some embodiments, the one or more compounds are one or more furanones (such as strawberry furanone, maple furanone, or caramel furanone), methyl cinnamate, methyl butyrate, propyl heptanoate, hexyl cinnamate, methyl anthranilate, methyl jasmonate, nonadienal, or a combination of compounds.

[0040] In some embodiments, the pouch 100 is a pouch or a bag having about the size of a tea bag. In some embodiments, the pouch 100 is larger, such as having the size of a diaper. The pouch 100 is composed of two sheets 105A, 105B with a space between them or a pouch containing a composite formulation 110. In some embodiments, the pouch 100 is thicker and can be uneven, with a slight bulge near the middle. The pouch 100 can be placed in the use environment as a loose delivery object. The solid formulation complex 110 placed inside the pouch can be in the form of tablets, flakes, beads, pellets, granules, powders, etc. As Figure 1B As shown, the loose pouch 110 may then be placed into the container 160 along with the perishable item 170 .

[0041] In some embodiments, container 160 is a Figure 1B A clamshell container is shown, but the container 160 may take many different forms, including a bag, box, carton, etc.

[0042] When the pouch 100 is placed inside the container 160, the transfer layer (such as sheets 105A, 105B, or both) allows the biologically active compound 110 inside the carrier to be transferred to the perishable item 170, thereby preserving it, preventing contamination, delaying spoilage, etc. Figure 1C 1 through 1J illustrate various forms that the pouch 100 may take. In some embodiments, the permeability of the transmission layer is based on material selection (or chemical properties of the transmission layer) and / or physical patterning, such as including microperforations.

[0043] like Figure 1C to Figure 1J As shown, the pouch 100 can be in any form or shape, including circular and rectangular. The pouch 100 can be transparent or opaque, and can be made of any kind of material, including plastic, paper, nylon, etc.

[0044] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1K As shown, the pouch 100 may include one or more perforated edges 1050A, 1050B.

[0045] In some embodiments, the pouch 100 may include a transmission layer 105 containing a composite formulation 110, such as Figure 1L As shown. In some embodiments, the transfer layer 105 can be rigid. In some embodiments, the transfer layer 105 can be wet and dry formed into a rigid material, such as pulp. In some embodiments, the pouch 100 may include a rigid transfer layer that is formed to fit within a container (such as container 160) or fit within a specific shape, size, or configuration of a container. In some embodiments, the rigid pouch 100 can be designed to have a specific shape, for example, a corner of a package suitable for placing the pouch 100. In some embodiments, the transfer layer 105 may have two layers 105A, 105B with a space S between the two layers. In some embodiments, the space S includes a support member 120. In some embodiments, the support member 120 is a corrugated member.

[0046] Figure 1M A side view of a pouch 100 having two transmission layers 105A, 105B is shown. In some embodiments, there is a space S between the two transmission layers 105A, 105B. In some embodiments, the space S is formed by one or more support members 120A, 120B. In some embodiments, one or more support members 120A, 120B are bellows.

[0047] like Figure 1NAs shown, in some embodiments, the pouches 100A, 100B, 100C can be formed or manufactured into a roll 1000. In some embodiments, the roll 1000 includes perforations (or marks) 1050A, 1050B, 1050C, 100D that separate the individual pouches 100A, 100B, 100C, 100D. In some embodiments, the pouches 100A, 100B, 100C, 100D can be torn or cut at the perforations (or marks) 1050A, 1050B, 1050C, 100D.

[0048] FIG. 2A to FIG. 2B is an example pouch 200 having an adhesive layer 115 according to the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the pouch 200 further includes a backing layer 105B, an adhesive layer 115, and a release layer 120, such as Figure 2A shown.

[0049] like Figure 2A As shown, backing layer 105B is configured to contact adhesive layer 115. In some embodiments, sheet 105A, 105B, or a combination thereof can be backing layer 105B. Backing layer 105B can be permeable or impermeable to biologically active compound 110. In some embodiments, backing layer 105B is made of the same material as a transmission layer (such as sheet 105A).

[0050] In some embodiments, adhesive layer 115 is an adhesive coating, adhesive block, or double-sided tape. In some embodiments, the adhesive may be mixed with or impregnated with one or more biologically active compounds. In such embodiments, the adhesive also serves as a carrier and a controlled release matrix for the biologically active compound 110. In some embodiments, the adhesive may contain one or more compounds as described herein.

[0051] In some embodiments, the release layer 120 is plastic, paper, or nylon and protects the adhesive from contamination prior to placement. In operation, the user peels off the release layer 120 and attaches the pouch 200 to a container 160, such as Figure 2B As shown. In some embodiments, the release layer can be on one or more sides of the pouch, including the front, back, left and / or right sides of the pouch. In some embodiments, the release layer is configured to protect the adhesive layer until the pouch is ready to be applied. In some embodiments, the release layer traps the biologically active compound inside the pouch (or sheet as described herein). In such embodiments, once the release layer is peeled off and / or removed, the release of the biologically active compound begins.

[0052] In some embodiments, the pouch 200 includes a plurality of topcoats, each of which is configured to further affect the release rate of the bioactive compound. The topcoats may also be used as a protective layer to repel various compounds from the outside and prevent them from entering the inner layer of the carrier containing the active compound. For example, they may be used as a moisture, humidity or oxygen barrier to protect the active compound from oxidative damage or similar damage. In addition, they may also help reduce the amount of light (including UV) that reaches the active compound, and help reduce chemical degradation that may be accelerated by light of various wavelengths. In some embodiments, the topcoats are on one side of the pouch, but they may also be on both sides of the pouch.

[0053] In some embodiments, the pouch 200 may also include images, informational graphics, text, and the like.

[0054] FIG. 3A to FIG. 3D is an example sheet 300 according to the present disclosure. In some embodiments, a carrier compound 310 is incorporated into the sheet 300. In some embodiments, the sheet 300 includes a plurality of generally planar laminated layers having a generally uniform thickness. The resulting product is largely planar and much wider than its thickness. The sheet 300 can have different sizes and can be placed loosely inside the package, above, below, in the middle, or on the side of the product in the container.

[0055] In some embodiments, sheet 300 may be further filled with a soft layer around it to cushion and protect the co-packaged fruit from mechanical damage or abrasion. Additional functional components may also be included in the pad, such as components that absorb excess moisture, or absorb ethylene, or degrade ethylene, or release 1-MCP to block ethylene signaling. Examples of ethylene degrading agents include permanganates, such as potassium permanganate.

[0056] Figure 3A An example sheet 300 with a carrier composite 110 according to the present technology is shown. In some embodiments, the sheet 300 includes a substrate 305. In some embodiments, the substrate 305 has multiple layers, but the substrate can also be a single layer. In some embodiments, the substrate 305 is made of paper, but the substrate 305 can take many different forms, including plastic, nylon, or porous materials such as sponges.

[0057] In some embodiments, the sheet 300 includes one or more covering layers 315A, 315B on the top and bottom planes of the sheet 300. In operation, these covering layers 315A, 315B can prevent water damage or other degradation of the composite carrier 310, the substrate, or both. The covering layers 315A, 315B can also prevent contamination, prevent or delay the delivery of the biologically active compound 310 in the composite 310, or assist or alter the delivery of the biologically active compound 310 in the composite.

[0058] In some embodiments, the sheet 300 is a loose insert that can be placed above, below, or on the side of the product. The sheet 300 can have any size ranging from 1 cm x 1 cm to the maximum size allowed by the package or container.

[0059] In some embodiments, the thickness of the sheet 300 is in the range of about 0.2 mm to about 3 mm thick. In some embodiments, the multilayer substrate 305 can be in the range of about 1 mm to 3 mm thick. In some embodiments, the substrate 305 also includes a pad. In some embodiments, the pad is in the range of about 1 mm to 10 mm thick. In some embodiments, the cover layers 315A, 315B are pads.

[0060] The padding may have other features such as cushioning to protect the fruit from mechanical damage. The padding may also include other functional components, such as additional bioactive compounds. In addition, the outermost layer may be encapsulated in a film that is permeable to all bioactive compounds that need to be transported or delivered to perishable items. In some embodiments, the sheet and / or pouch may include an impermeable peel layer on the outer surface that is configured to be removed to initiate release of one or more compounds.

[0061] In some embodiments, sheet 300, substrate 305, composition 310, padding, or a combination of components may include one or more compounds as described herein.

[0062] In some embodiments, the carrier composite 310 is applied to the substrate 305 in the form of a layer. In some embodiments, the carrier composites 310A, 310B, 310C, 310D are injected into the substrate 305, such as Figure 3B shown.

[0063] In some embodiments, the biologically active compound, the carrier, or both (in the form of a composite 310) can be absorbed (or impregnated) into the substrate 305. In some embodiments, the active compound is coated and retained on the surface of the substrate 305. In some embodiments, the active compound 310A, 310B, 310C, 310D can be coated on the surface, but can also be impregnated into the substrate at the same time. In some embodiments, a combination of impregnation and coating can be present in the sheet, such as Figure 3BAs shown. In some embodiments, each composite 310 in a plurality of composites may contain more than one biologically active compound. In some embodiments, each composite 310 may contain a biologically active compound different from other composites. In this way, each composite 310 may contain a single biologically active compound or one or more blends of biologically active compounds. In some embodiments, composite 310 is applied to substrate 305, and heat is applied to melt composite 310, thereby allowing composite 310 to penetrate the substrate. In some embodiments, composite 310 includes a solvent that liquefies the composite, thereby allowing it to wick into and penetrate the substrate 305. In some embodiments, the solvent then evaporates, leaving a higher viscosity (thicker) composite liquid or a solidified composite injected into substrate 305.

[0064] In some embodiments, sheet 300 includes multiple topcoats, each of which is configured to further affect the release rate of the bioactive compound. Topcoats can also be used as protective layers to repel various compounds from the outside and prevent them from entering the inner layer of the carrier containing the active compound. For example, they can be used as moisture, humidity or oxygen barriers to protect the active compound from oxidative damage or similar damage. Finally, they can also help reduce the amount of light (including UV) that reaches the active compound, and help reduce chemical degradation that may be accelerated by light of various wavelengths. In some embodiments, a topcoat or multiple topcoats are located on a single side of sheet 300, but in other embodiments, the topcoats are located on both sides of the sheet.

[0065] In some embodiments, the sheet 300 may be folded or otherwise manipulated to form a Figure 3D In some embodiments, the sheet 300 may include a transfer layer (or carrier layer) 305 that is folded or otherwise manipulated to contain the composite compound 310. In some embodiments, a pouch (such as the pouch 100 described and shown herein) may be placed inside the folded sheet 300. In such embodiments, the folded sheet 300 may be the outer shell of the pouch. In some embodiments, a puck of one or more composite materials may be placed inside the folded sheet 300.

[0066] FIG. 4A to FIG. 4C is an example decal 400 according to the present disclosure.

[0067] In another embodiment, composite 410 can be incorporated into label 400 (also referred to herein as a tag). In such embodiments, label 400 includes substrate 405 (or carrier layer), adhesive layer 415, release layer 420, cover layer 435, and topcoat 430. In some embodiments, the label also includes backing layer 425.

[0068] In some embodiments, the label 400 includes a carrier layer 405. In some embodiments, the carrier layer 405 can be permeable. In some embodiments, the active compound 410B is applied to the carrier layer. In other embodiments, the active compound 410A penetrates the carrier layer. In some embodiments, both biologically active compounds (or complexes) 410A, 410B penetrate the carrier layer 405 and are applied to the carrier layer, such as described herein.

[0069] In some embodiments, label 400 also includes adhesive layer 415. In some embodiments, some or all of biologically active compounds 410A, 410B may be infused with adhesive layer 415 or mixed with the adhesive layer.

[0070] In some embodiments, label 400 further includes a release layer 420 that is configured to protect adhesive 415 and is peeled away when label 400 is applied to a surface or container 160 or directly to fruit 170 .

[0071] Optionally, the label 400 may further include a backing layer 425, which may be permeable or impermeable to the delivery of the biologically active compounds 410A, 410B.

[0072] In some embodiments, label 400 further includes one or more additional compounds as described herein. In some embodiments, the one or more additional compounds are in or on substrate 405, in adhesive 415, in backing layer 425, or some combination of these locations.

[0073] In some embodiments, label 400 may also include a covering layer 435. In operation, covering layer 435 may prevent water damage or other degradation of composite carrier 410, substrate 405, or both. Covering layer 435 may also prevent contamination, prevent or delay the delivery of biologically active compounds in composite 410, or assist or alter the delivery of biologically active compounds 410 in composite.

[0074] In some embodiments, the label 400 is made entirely of a translucent material such that the label 400 is not visibly visible when attached to the translucent container 160 .

[0075] In some embodiments, the label 400 also includes a topcoat 430. In some embodiments, the topcoat 430 has additional compounds dissolved or dispersed therein. In some embodiments, these compounds can be biologically active compounds identical to the biologically active compounds in the carrier layer 405, biologically active compounds different from the biologically active compounds in the carrier layer 405, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the topcoat 430 is permeable to the biologically active compounds 410A, 410B. In operation, the topcoat 430 is constructed to act as a physical protection or covering layer 435 and a diffusion barrier. In some embodiments, the topcoat 430 is also constructed to affect the release rate of the biologically active compounds 410A, 410B, including slowing down the release rate. The permeability of the active compounds 410A, 410B through these diffusion barrier layers can be adjusted by the material properties of the diffusion barrier, the thickness of the diffusion barrier, or by including patterns such as small perforations in the diffusion barrier. In some embodiments, the label 400 includes a plurality of topcoats 430, each of which is constructed to further affect the release rate of the biologically active compounds. The topcoat 430 may also act as a protective layer to repel various compounds from the outside and prevent them from entering the inner layers of the carrier containing the active compound. For example, they may act as a moisture, humidity or oxygen barrier to protect the active compound from oxidative damage or the like. Finally, they may also help reduce the amount of light (including UV) that reaches the active compound and help reduce chemical degradation that may be accelerated by various wavelengths of light.

[0076] In operation, the peeling layer 420 is removed to expose the adhesive. The adhesive 415 is then fixed to a surface or container. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer contains one or more bioactive compounds in a sheet or pouch, and removing the peeling layer allows the delivery of one or more bioactive compounds. In some embodiments, the peeling layer 420 is located on the top of the label 400, such as above the top coating 430. In some embodiments, the peeling layer 420 is located at the bottom and top of the label 400. The top coating 430 allows the bioactive compounds 410A, 410B to be delivered to the perishable goods 170. In some embodiments, the top coating 430 also changes the release mechanism of the bioactive compounds 410A, 410B, such as by slowing down the release rate of the bioactive compounds 410A, 410B.

[0077] In the case where the label (or sticker) 400 is applied to the inside of a see-through package and the adhesive 415 used is also see-through, various artwork, graphics, or product information graphics may also be included in the label 400.

[0078] In some embodiments, the label 400 is configured to be attached to the exterior of the container 160, such as Figure 4BIn such embodiments, the label may include a release layer, an adhesive layer, an optional backing layer, a carrier layer, one or more compositions including one or more biologically active ingredients, a topcoat layer, and one or more top layers.

[0079] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4C As shown, the label 400 can be attached directly to a perishable item (such as fruit) 170. The perishable item 170 can be contained in a container as shown and described herein, or such as Figure 4C The exterior of the container is shown.

[0080] FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D is an example label 500 according to the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the label 500 includes one or more additional top layers 530, 535. In some embodiments, the top layers 530, 535 are highly impermeable to the active compounds 510A, 510B, thereby preventing loss to the atmosphere when the label 500 is placed outside of the container 160, such as Figure 5B In some embodiments, the topcoat 530, 535 may also protect the label and active compound from external factors such as light, moisture, and oxygen. In some embodiments, the top layer 530, 535 may also be a label containing information graphics, logos, ingredient lists, statements about calories or vitamins in the product, etc. In some embodiments, one or more top layers 530, 535 may be formed of polyester film, PET, HDPE, metallized plastic film, or combinations thereof.

[0081] In operation, the label or tag 500 is attached to the exterior of the container 160. The one or more top layers 530, 535 prevent the bioactive ingredients 510A, 510B from passing into the atmosphere away from the perishable item 170. The adhesive layer 515 and optional backing layer 525 may be permeable to allow the bioactive compounds 510A, 510B to pass into the container.

[0082] In some embodiments, container 160 is translucent, such as FIG. 5C to FIG. 5D In some embodiments, the label 500 may include FIG. 5C to FIG. 5D The words, images, symbols, logos, etc. represented by "R". Figure 5D As shown, when the container 160 is translucent, the image, symbol, logo, text, etc. “R” may still be visible through the label 500 .

[0083] In such embodiments, the container 160 may also be permeable. In some embodiments, the container 160 is permeable based on one or more physical openings in the container (e.g., holes or slits configured where the label or tag 500 is attached to the container). In other embodiments, the container 170 is made of a permeable material such as cellulose, PLA, polystyrene, or any other material that is sufficiently permeable to the active compound.

[0084] In some other embodiments, the label 500 can be designed to be placed on the outside of the container 160 (such as packaging material), such as FIG. 5C to FIG. 5D In such cases, label 500 is designed to release the active ingredient into the packaging material via the adhesive.

[0085] FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C is an example configuration for a product 600 according to the present disclosure. In some embodiments, multiple products (pouches, sheets, or labels) 600 are included in a single container. In some embodiments, a single container 160 includes a product 600 in the form of a label, sheet, pouch, or a combination thereof. FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C Various configurations that a plurality of products 600 may take within container 160 are shown.

[0086] In each of the above cases, one or more products 600 may be placed in each package (container) 160. The pouches 600A, 600B attached to the interior of the package in combination with the loosely placed pouches 600C, 600D, 600E are preferably placed in the container. Figure 6B As shown in FIG. 1 , planar sheets or mats 600A, 600B loosely placed above and below perishable items 170 are Figure 6B As shown in FIG. 1 , the flat labels 600A to 600D attached to the inside of the package 160 are Figure 6C Shown in.

[0087] Figure 7 1 shows a configuration of a label 600, wherein the label 600 is configured to be attached to the exterior of a container 160. In some embodiments, the label 600 is configured to deliver an active compound through the packaging material of the container 160 and into the container. In some embodiments, the container 160 is permeable through an array of microperforations in the container 160. Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, the top surface of label 600 serves as a diffusion barrier for the active compound to prevent loss of the compound to the atmosphere, and also serves as an information graphic providing information about the product or its distributor.

[0088] Example With regard to both sheet material and adhesive label structure, the composite formulation containing bioactivator is coated on the carrier layer and / or impregnated in the carrier layer.Coating can be, for example, various independent bioactive components themselves, their combination or their composite mixture with various carrier matrices or their emulsions dispersed in the matrix.These carrier matrices can include beeswax, other waxes, paraffin, hydrogel, oleogel or their mixture.Coating on monolayer or multilayer sheet material can be realized by spraying, electrospraying, dip coating, gravure coating etc. Sometimes, by raising the temperature to realize molten state to apply these carrier+bioactivator combinations in liquid state, this molten state solidifies on substrate when cooling.In some other embodiments, bioactivator or bioactivator+carrier complex can be dissolved in volatile solvent such as ethanol, and applied in liquid state.Then make solvent evaporate, leave solid coating or wick into porous carrier and the material of original position solidification when solvent evaporates on the surface.

[0089] In some embodiments, the bioactive agent or composite carrier + bioactive agent can also be impregnated / diffused / wicked into some layers of the carrier. In this structure, the bioactive component or the composite agent containing the bioactive agent and the carrier matrix can be injected into one or more multilayer structures or coated on one or more multilayer structures.

[0090] In some embodiments, the bioactive compound or the composition containing the bioactive compound can be directly applied / smeared on the container / packaging material. These compositions can be applied only to a portion of the container material or to the entire container material. They can be applied inside or outside the package. In some embodiments, an additional coating (topcoat) or film can be applied on top of the composition coating (the function of this topcoat is similar to the topcoat discussed above).

[0091] In some cases, the bioactive agent or composition can be impregnated into the container / packaging material. For example, they can be wicked into a container made of paper / cardboard. The bioactive agent can also be injected into the various plastics used to make these containers.

[0092] In all of these cases, a similar topcoat can be added.

[0093] One or more volatile compounds that can be used in the presently disclosed embodiments may include, but are not limited to, trans-2-hexenal, p-isopropylbenzaldehyde, citronellal, perillaldehyde, thymol, carvacrol, citral, carvone, menthol, eugenol, bornyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol, linalool, trans-anethole, trans-cinnamaldehyde, methyl eugenol, and essential oils such as geranium oil and lavender oil. It should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that essential oils refer to oils distilled or extracted from plants. Essential oils are not necessarily true oils like lubricant vegetable oils, but have very high fluidity and very high volatility. Essential oils can be complex mixtures of different organic molecules (also referred to as essential oil components or EOCs), monoterpenes, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes or their oxidized forms, terpenes, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, thiols, isothiocyanates, and alkaloids (including but not limited to capsaicinoids). Synthetic oils are usually made from one or more components that dominate a particular essential oil. For example, menthol is often substituted for mint, and cineole is substituted for eucalyptus. In addition, the chemical composition of an essential oil may vary depending on the time of day, month, or season when the essential oil is harvested, the environmental conditions leading up to and including the harvest of the essential oil, the means used to extract the essential oil, and for synthetic oils, the chemical composition may vary from batch to batch. Environmental conditions leading up to and including the harvest of an essential oil include, but are not limited to, drought, excessive precipitation, and the like.

[0094] Both synthetic and naturally occurring essential oils can be used for fragrance, medicine, preservation, solvent and insecticide purposes. For example, essential oils such as methyl salicylate or thymol are impregnated into water-insoluble resins, and they can be used to distribute aroma or medicinal vapors into a room. Typical essential oils are derived from thyme, lemongrass, citrus, anise, cloves, fennel seeds, roses, lavender, citronella, eucalyptus, peppermint, camphor, sandalwood, cinnamon leaves, cedar, almonds, grapes, walnuts, jojoba trees, olives, etc. In some embodiments, essential oils can also be derived from nuts or seeds. Essential oils are generally liquid at room temperature (20° C. to 25° C.). Essential oils suitable for the present disclosure are typically commercially available and preferably refined. However, in some embodiments, synthetic essential oils can be used. One or more essential oil components may be present in each essential oil.

[0095] Essential oil components useful in the presently disclosed and claimed inventive concepts may include, but are not limited to, (-)-bornyl acetate, (-)-terpinen-4-ol, (+)-carvone, (±)-citronellal, (R)-(+)-citronellal, (S)-(-)-citronellal, (R)-(+)-longifolia mint, 4-allyl anisole, carvacrol, cis-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol, citral, citronellol, butyrospermum parkii, styrax ... Eugenol, linalool, methyl eugenol, trans-methyl cinnamate, myrcene, thymol, trans-anethole, trans-cinnamaldehyde, terpineol (mixture of isomers), l-methyl-3-methoxy-4-isopropylbenzene, menthol, menthone, isomenthone, geranyl formate, palmitic acid, 4-isopropylbenzaldehyde (also known as p-isopropylbenzaldehyde), trans-2-hexenal, (S)-(-)-perillaldehyde, nootkatone, geranium oil, and lavender oil.

[0096] The one or more plant immunostimulatory compounds may include pinene, camphene, terpinene, terpineol, chitosan, methyl jasmonate, and methyl salicylic acid, ethyl salicylic acid, methyl cinnamic acid, β-aminobutyric acid, fructans (inulin, fructans), ethylene, hypersensitive proteins, jasmonic acid, etc. The one or more plant immunostimulatory compounds refer to compounds that neither directly affect pathogenic organisms nor change the DNA of the treated perishable items (except in the case of changing the expression of various genes by up-regulation or down-regulation) but activate the natural defense mechanism in the perishable items. It should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that plant immunostimulatory compounds may also be referred to as plant activators.

[0097] Examples of one or more non-volatile compounds may include, but are not limited to, curcumin, chitosan, phytoalexins, phytoanticipins, one or more preservatives, and one or more antioxidants, including, but not limited to, vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin C, beta-carotene, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), or UV protectants such as titanium dioxide. One or more non-volatile compounds may have a microbicidal effect, an immunostimulatory effect, and / or may prevent or slow down the oxidation process in perishable items. The microbicidal effect may reduce the infectivity of microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi, which may have a spoilage effect on perishable items. In one embodiment, a composition comprising a protective coating, one or more volatile compounds, and one or more non-volatile compounds may produce a synergistic effect that further reduces the loss of perishable items compared to the loss of perishable items of a single component. In some embodiments, two or more biologically active compounds that complement each other or broaden the spectrum of action may be included. In another embodiment, lower concentrations of one or more volatile compounds and one or more non-volatile compounds in the composition having the protective coating may achieve the desired biological result more quickly than higher concentrations of one or more volatile compounds and one or more non-volatile compounds not in the composition having the protective coating. In another embodiment, the addition of one or more antioxidants and / or one or more preservatives in the delivery system may help maintain the efficacy of the biologically active agent of the composition.

[0098] One or more ethylene-acting agent compounds that may be used in the presently disclosed and claimed inventive concepts may include, but are not limited to, norbornadiene, resveratrol, sodium permanganate, potassium permanganate, vanillin, activated carbon, and 1-methylcyclopropene. One or more ethylene-acting agent compounds refer to ethylene absorbing / adsorbing compounds and compounds that inhibit ethylene production in perishables or reduce sensitivity to ethylene. An example of a volatile ethylene antagonist is 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). 1-MCP binds to multiple ethylene receptors of agricultural products and blocks the recognition of ethylene by multiple ethylene receptors. Blocking of ethylene recognition by multiple ethylene receptors of perishables tends to reduce the effectiveness of ethylene in triggering the ripening response of perishables. Blocking of multiple ethylene receptors of perishables also reduces the autocatalytic production of ethylene. 1-MCP can reduce ethylene production and make perishables insensitive to ethylene.

[0099] In some embodiments, one or more delivery systems include one or more compositions with one or more active compounds and carriers. The carrier may be in a solid, semi-solid, liquid or gaseous state. The carrier may act as a medium and / or diffusion retardant to stabilize / maintain one or more active compounds, thereby regulating the release rate of one or more active compounds from the carrier to the environment. The carrier may be selected from the group consisting of water, paraffin, petroleum-derived wax, beeswax, plant-derived wax, rice bran wax, resin, synthetic polymer, biodegradable natural polymer, oil and fat, ceramic compound, one or more inorganic compounds, macrocyclic compounds such as cyclodextrin, surfactant, clay, fiber, fibrous material, paper and metal organic framework (MOF). Macrocyclic compounds include cyclodextrin and other similar compounds with cage-like structures. Biodegradable natural polymers may be derived from natural plants or animal materials, ceramics or inorganic compounds. In some embodiments, the carrier can be made of paraffin, wax, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, shellac, cellulose composites, semi-permeable plastics (including but not limited to polyisoprene, polybutadiene, nylon (polyamide), polyurethane, low-density polyethylene (LPDE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), perforated plastic films, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polylactic acid (PLA), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH), polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyethylene oxide (PEG)), perforated or patterned metallized plastic films (wherein the unmetallized portions are permeable to the active compound), sponges, porous materials, and combinations thereof.

[0100] In some embodiments, the carrier can take on many different structures. In some embodiments, the structure can be a wax, crystalline, resin or oil gel structure. For example, if the carrier is a wax or oil structure, the carrier can be formed from animal waxes (natural mixtures of wax esters and sterol esters, such as beeswax or lanolin), vegetable waxes (alkanes, wax esters, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, plant sterols such as carnauba wax, natural mixtures of candellila wax, bayberry wax, soy wax, natural / vegetable oils (natural triglycerides or processed natural triglycerides such as rapeseed oil, grapeseed oil, avocado oil, walnut oil, coconut oil, soybean oil, palm oil, mixtures of hydrogenated oils), petroleum and waxes (alkanes such as paraffin oil, paraffin, microcrystalline wax mixtures) and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, when the carrier is a crystalline structure, the carrier can be formed from fatty acids (lauric acid, In the resin structure, the carrier can be formed by natural resin or rosin, a mixture of modified resin and resin acid such as pine resin or rosin, frankincense rosin and dammar rosin, hydrogenated pine rosin, glycerol ester of pine rosin and a mixture thereof. In the example where the carrier is in an oil gel structure, the carrier can include a combination of wax and / or oil and / or crystal and / or resin that forms a solid, gel, cream or viscous liquid. In some embodiments, the ratio of the components will adjust the mechanical properties of the carrier.

[0101] In some embodiments, the carrier may have a hydrogel or gum structure, a plastic structure, or a porous solid structure. In a hydrogel or gum structure, the carrier may include collagen / gelatin, silk, gluten, zein, casein, keratin (such as wool), soy protein, pea protein, sunflower protein, polysaccharides such as cellulose, modified cellulose (such as methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, etc.), pectin, chitosan, chitin, alginate, starch, carrageenan, agar, shellac, hyaluronic acid, gum (including xanthan gum, gum arabic, guar gum, locust bean gum, mastic, gellan gum, spruce gum, and combinations thereof). In some embodiments, the plastic structure may include polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE, LDPE, HDPE), polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE), methylcellulose (MC), ethylcellulose (EC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and combinations thereof. In porous solid structures, the support may include activated carbon, porous oxides (silica, alumina, titania), porous concrete mixtures, zeolites, clays such as bentonite and montmorillonite, paper, cellulose sponges, felts such as cellulose felt, cork, glass fiber paper, sponges such as PP sponges and PE sponges, and combinations thereof.

[0102] In some embodiments, the carrier includes a solvent or diluent, such as ethanol, glycerol, water, saline solution, such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the carrier includes an emulsifier or wetting agent. In some embodiments, the emulsifier or wetting agent is selected from fatty acids (lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, etc.), fatty acid salts (sodium palmitate, potassium palmitate, sodium stearate, calcium stearate, etc.), fatty alcohols (cetyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, etc.), monoglycerides (monostearic acid glyceryl, monopalmitin, etc.), diglycerides (glyceryl distearate, glyceryl dipalmitate, etc.), lecithin / phospholipids (egg yolk lecithin, soybean lecithin or sunflower lecithin), sterols (vegetable Sterols, cholesterol, etc.), sorbitans (sorbitan laurate, sorbitan stearate, etc.), polysorbates (polyoxyethylene sorbitan laurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan stearate, etc.), polyethylene ethers (polyethylene lauryl ether, polyethylene cetyl ether, etc.), sulfate surfactants (sodium octyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, etc.), quaternary ammonium surfactants (cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, behenyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), and combinations thereof.

[0103] In some embodiments, the carrier can be shaped as beads or spheres, spheroids, ovoids, blocks, small pancake-like shapes, short sticks / cylinder shapes, unevenly shaped particles, planar films, thick planar layers, thick layers with patterned surfaces (such as honeycomb shapes), powders dispersed in another matrix (e.g., fine powders or small particles containing the active compound mixed into a wax or paraffin as inclusions, wherein the resulting wax with inclusions is shaped into physical embodiments as described herein).

[0104] The release rate changing mechanism of the delivery system may include one or more diffusion barriers. One or more diffusion barriers may be applied to the composition to slow down the overall release rate of one or more active compounds to the environment adjacent to perishable items. The permeability of one or more diffusion layers may be affected by the material of one or more diffusion barriers and / or the thickness of one or more diffusion barriers. In one embodiment, the permeability of the diffusion barrier may change in response to changes in temperature and humidity. Similarly, oil droplets with one or more active compounds may be suspended in an environmentally dependent carrier, such as a polymer matrix. For example, in another embodiment, one or more diffusion barriers may be positioned adjacent to one or more carriers including one or more compositions with active compounds to change the release rate of the composition to the environment of perishable items. In another embodiment, one or more diffusion barriers may have a second composition or a third composition containing one or more active compounds. One or more diffusion barriers with a second composition or a third composition containing one or more active compounds may slow down the release rate of one or more active compounds and / or a second active compound or a third active compound to the environment adjacent to perishable items.

[0105] In another embodiment, the release rate change mechanism may be based on the structure of the composition and the form of the carrier. The structure of the composition may include macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic geometries, such as beads or particles of various sizes; small particles with specified sizes and aspect ratios; honeycomb structures and other multilayer structures of the composition. For example, the form of the carrier may also include various amounts of porosity. The macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic geometries of the structure of the composition and the form of the carrier may affect the transfer and release rate of the composition to the environment of perishable items. In one embodiment, the amount of one or more active compounds in the composition and the structure of the composition affect the release rate of the composition to the environment of one or more perishable items. In another embodiment, based on the structure of the composition and the form of the carrier, the release rate of one or more active compounds may be affected by the ratio of the amount of active compounds in the composition to the volume of the composition. For example, the porosity of the carrier may affect the delivery of the composition in the delivery system. In another embodiment, the structure of the composition and / or the form of the carrier may be combined in a delivery system to achieve a highly complex release profile. For example, a delivery system comprising one or more compositions having one or more active ingredients and one or more carriers formed into one or more shapes is suitable for releasing the compositions into the environment of perishable items at a fast release rate, while a delivery system comprising one or more compositions having one or more carriers formed into one or more shapes may release the compositions into the environment of perishable items at a slower release rate.

[0106] In one embodiment, the form of the carrier can be porous. Examples of carriers that are porous include, but are not limited to, mesoporous silica, anodized aluminum, sponges, foams, compressed cellulose matrices (paper), and various polymers. The porous carrier can change the porosity, pore size distribution, tortuosity, and transport properties of one or more compositions of the delivery system. In one embodiment, one or more compositions can be positioned in one or more holes of the porous structure. In another embodiment, one or more compositions can be combined with a carrier, and the carrier can be positioned in one or more holes of the porous structure. By way of example, but by no means limiting, one or more compositions combined with a carrier comprising beeswax can be positioned in one or more holes of a porous carrier comprising a mesoporous material.

[0107] In another embodiment, the microscopic morphology of the carrier may have a microporous carrier structure. One or more active compounds are released into the environment via the microporous structure ("pores") of the carrier. The pore has a space without any material, or may contain one or more other materials, including one or more active compounds in any physical state. In one embodiment, the pore may be single; that is, one pore is surrounded from all sides by the carrier. In another embodiment, the pore may be two or more; that is, two or more pores may be surrounded by the carrier. In another embodiment, the network of pores may be physically connected, thereby providing one or more pore passages positioned within the carrier. In one embodiment, one or more pore passages may be positioned adjacent to the environment surrounding the perishable item. Examples of carriers with microporous structures include, but are not limited to, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, microporous alumina, and anodized aluminum with an anodized layer. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles have unique properties, such as ordered pore arrangement, biocompatibility, and can be used as a controlled release mechanism. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles can be incorporated into other matrices such as packaging and wax to further affect the controlled release properties. The properties of the pores in these materials can be controlled to produce the desired controlled release properties. One or more surfaces of the mesoporous silica particle support and the microporous alumina support can also be chemically modified to change the hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, or directly hold the compound by chemically attaching cyclodextrin to the compound. In one embodiment, the support can be modified by a molecular nanoimprinting process. The molecular nanoimprinting process uses a molecular imprinting resin while the compound solidifies to make the pores of the support molecularly specific.

[0108] In another embodiment, the structure of the composition may have a particle configuration of powder, granules, etc. Multiple particle configurations may be changed into desired macroscopic shapes, such as sheets, balls, disks, etc. In one embodiment, the macroscopic shape may be optimized to achieve a certain level of porosity between powders / granules. The process of forming the macroscopic shape determines the surface to volume ratio of a single particle configuration and the macroscopic shape of multiple particle configurations. In another embodiment, multiple particle configurations may also be formed into a macroscopic shape with one or more holes. One or more holes of the macroscopic shape may be impregnated or backfilled with substances such as resins, hydrogels, viscous liquids, etc. The substance may be used as a barrier to affect the release rate of one or more active compounds from one or more holes of the macroscopic shape. In another embodiment, one or more holes may be inert and used as a scaffold. One or more holes used as a scaffold have a diffusion-retarding matrix positioned in one or more holes. In another embodiment, one or more holes used as a scaffold may be degraded and removed during processing (similar to a lost wax process), thereby producing a 3D porous network of a diffusion-retarding matrix. In one embodiment, one or more compositions may be a plurality of bead particle configurations of different sizes. A plurality of bead particle configurations with a smaller size have a higher surface-to-volume ratio. A plurality of bead particle configurations with smaller sizes will have a faster release rate to release one or more active compounds to achieve a target gas concentration. A plurality of bead particle configurations with smaller sizes will dispense one or more compositions at a faster rate. A plurality of bead particle configurations with larger sizes (therefore having a smaller surface-to-volume ratio) can maintain a target concentration over a longer period of time. In another embodiment, a plurality of bead particle configurations may be coated with one or more diffusion barriers. One or more diffusion barriers may slow down the release rate. In some embodiments, the diameter size of a plurality of beads may be in the range of 1 micron to 1 centimeter. It should be understood that when the carrier is an irregularly shaped particle, the diameter is the diameter of a sphere of similar size. In some embodiments, the thickness of the carrier may be in the range of 1 micron to 1 centimeter.

[0109] Figure 8 800 is a flow chart of a method of making a product (pouch, sheet, sticker, and label) as described herein. In a different embodiment, method 800 may include additional steps or may omit some of the steps shown. In some embodiments, the product may include pouch 100, pouch 200, sheet 300, sticker / label 400, sticker / label 500, product 600, or a combination thereof, as described herein.

[0110] In some embodiments, at block 805, a substrate is formed. In some embodiments, the substrate may be Figure 3A In other embodiments, the substrate is FIG. 4A to FIG. 4B The carrier layer in.

[0111] In block 810, an active compound (biologically active compound) is applied to a substrate. Although four methods 815A, 815B, 815C, 815D of applying a compound to a substrate are shown, any suitable method of applying a compound to a substrate may be utilized. In some embodiments, the active compound or biologically active compound is compound 110, 210, 310, 410, 510, or a combination thereof.

[0112] In one embodiment, in block 815A, the active compound is dissolved in a solvent below the saturation limit, or saturated or supersaturated with a solvent such as ethanol. In block 820A, once dissolved, saturated or supersaturated, the mixture of active compound and solvent can be applied to a substrate. In block 825S, the solvent can then be evaporated, leaving the active compound on the substrate.

[0113] In another embodiment, in frame 815B, the solid is deposited onto the substrate. In some embodiments, the solid is a biologically active ingredient mixed with a carrier material as described herein. In some embodiments, in frame 820B, the solid is melted onto the substrate by applying heat. In frame 825B, the melted solid is then resolidified onto the substrate (or within, such as when the active compound penetrates the substrate).

[0114] In some embodiments, in block 815C, an excess of active compound is applied to the substrate. In block 820C, a portion of the excess active compound may then be removed, such as by wiping.

[0115] Finally, in some embodiments, the active compound is applied to the substrate alone or in combination with a carrier material as described herein in block 815D. In some embodiments, the active compound is applied by spraying, rolling, etc. the active compound onto the substrate. In some embodiments, the active compound is applied by dipping the substrate into the active compound.

[0116] In some embodiments, a combination of some or all of methods 815A, 8156B, 815C, 815D of applying an active compound is utilized.

[0117] Optionally, additional layers may then be added to the substrate to form a sheet or label as described herein, including a backing layer, an adhesive layer, a release layer, a top coat, a top layer, or combinations thereof.

[0118] In block 830 , a substrate having a composition is added onto or into a container, or onto a perishable item, such as perishable item 160 .

[0119] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may also be applied to a variety of items, including but not limited to food, fibers, appliances, household cleaning products, health care environments, and building surfaces to maintain their integrity and prevent the presence of various fungi, molds, and other microorganisms. Such compositions may also be applied to building structures, plant parts, and even clothing items for preservation.

[0120] The ideas proposed here can also be extended to many other application areas outside the preservation of perishable items. For example, other food products that may be susceptible to corruption, such as mature cheese, cured meats, etc., can be protected with these technologies. In addition, since volatile antimicrobial active compounds generally have a spectrum of action specificity at the species or strain level, volatile antimicrobial active compounds can be selected from those compounds that do not have an inhibitory effect on the growth of desired organisms (e.g., in moldy cheeses, such as Roquefort or Camembert cheeses) while inhibiting the organisms that cause corruption.

[0121] Other applications may include (1) environmental sanitation; for example, but not limited to, household cleaning solutions that are safe, natural, and do not require spatial precision; (2) healthcare applications, for example, but not limited to, the formation of biofilms on medical devices that come into direct contact with humans, such as by forming a biofilm-inhibiting solution that can act at a distance; (3) other industries where fungal or bacterial growth is a recurring problem, such as leather production; for example, veterinary services.

Claims

1. A pouch for preventing perishable items from spoiling, the pouch comprising: one or more complexes, wherein each of the one or more complexes comprises one or more biologically active compounds and a carrier material; as well as A delivery layer is configured to encapsulate the complex and allow delivery of the one or more biologically active compounds.

2. The pouch according to claim 1, wherein the one or more complexes are in the form of beads, granules, powder, discs, sheets, flakes or combinations thereof.

3. The pouch according to claim 1, wherein the bioactive compound is selected from the group consisting of trans-2-hexenal, trans-2-octenal, trans-2-nonenal, trans-2-decenal, trans-2-dodecenal, p-isopropylbenzaldehyde, citronellal, thymol, perillaldehyde, carvacrol, citral, carvone, menthol, borneol acetate, 1-octanol, terpinen-4-ol, linalool, trans-anethole, trans-cinnamaldehyde, ethyl octanoate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl decanoate, methyl octanoate, methyl nonanoate, methyl decanoate, fenchol, borneol, camphor, methyl eugenol, menthol, methyl salicylate, methyl anthranilate, phenylethyl acetate, phenylacetic acid, cinnamic acetate, gamma-octalactone, gamma-decanoate, eucalyptol, geranium oil, lavender oil, Thyme oil, clove oil, (-)-bornyl acetate, (-)-terpinen-4-ol, (+)-carvone, (±)-citronellal, (R)-(+)-citronellal, (S)-(–)-citronellal, (R)-(+)-longifolia mint, thymol, 4-allylanisole, cis-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-ol, citronellol, trans-methyl cinnamate, myrcene, ocimene, terpineol, 1-methyl-3-methoxy-4-isopropylbenzene, menthol, menthone, isomenthone, vanillin, geranyl formate, palmitic acid, (S)-(-)-perillaldehyde, nootkatone, hinokitiol, d-limonene, s-limonene, p-isopropyltoluene, nerolidol, 3-decen-2-one, and other stereoisomers of these compounds and combinations thereof.

4. The pouch of claim 1, wherein the carrier material is selected from the group consisting of water, paraffin wax, petroleum wax, natural wax, beeswax, resins, synthetic polymers, biodegradable natural polymers, ceramics, modified cellulose, methyl cellulose, surfactants, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, microporous alumina, anodized aluminum, activated carbon, zeolites, metal carboxylates, inorganic compounds, and combinations thereof.

5. The pouch of claim 1, wherein the pouch further comprises: an adhesive layer configured to secure the pouch to a surface; a release layer attached to the first side of the adhesive layer and configured to be removed to expose the adhesive layer; as well as A backing layer is attached to the second side of the adhesive layer, the backing layer being configured to secure the adhesive layer to the transfer layer of the pouch.

6. The pouch of claim 5, wherein the backing layer is permeable to the one or more biologically active compounds.

7. The pouch of claim 5, wherein the backing layer is impermeable to the one or more biologically active compounds.

8. The pouch of claim 5, wherein the adhesive layer is mixed with or impregnated with the one or more biologically active compounds.

9. The pouch of claim 1, wherein the pouch further comprises at least one topcoat, an impermeable release layer, or a permeable layer, wherein the permeable layer is semi-permeable until triggered by environmental conditions, configured to prevent loss of the one or more biologically active compounds to the environment.

10. The pouch of claim 9, wherein the at least one topcoat layer comprises an image, an information graphic, text, or a combination thereof.

11. A sheet material for preventing perishable items from spoiling, the sheet material comprising: one or more complexes, wherein each of the one or more complexes comprises one or more biologically active compounds and a carrier material; as well as a substrate configured to hold the composite, Wherein the sheet is configured to deliver the one or more biologically active compounds to the perishable item.

12. The sheet material of claim 11, wherein the one or more composites are coated onto the substrate.

13. The sheet material of claim 11, wherein the one or more composites at least partially impregnate the substrate.

14. The sheet material of claim 11, wherein the one or more biologically active compounds are selected from the group consisting of trans-2-hexenal, trans-2-octenal, trans-2-nonenal, trans-2-decenal, trans-2-dodecenal, p-isopropylbenzaldehyde, citronellal, thymol, perillaldehyde, carvacrol, citral, carvone, menthol, eugenol, bornyl acetate, 1-octanol, Terpinen-4-ol, linalool, trans-anethole, trans-cinnamaldehyde, ethyl octanoate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl decanoate, methyl octanoate, methyl nonanoate, methyl decanoate, fenchol, borneol, camphor, methyl eugenol, menthol, methyl salicylate, methyl anthranilate, methyl jasmonate, phenylethyl acetate, phenylacetic acid, cinnamic acetate, γ-octalactone, γ-decanoic acid, eucalyptol, farnesol, geraniol, furanone, geranium oil, Lavender oil, thyme oil, clove oil, (-)-bornyl acetate, (-)-terpinen-4-ol, (+)-carvone, (±)-citronellal, (R)-(+)-citronellal, (S)-(-)-citronellal, (R)-(+)-longifolia mint, thymol, 4-allyl anisole, cis-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-ol (nerol), citronellol, trans-methyl cinnamate, Myrcene, ocimene, terpineol, l-methyl-3-methoxy-4-isopropylbenzene, menthol, menthone, isomenthone, vanillin, geranyl formate, palmitic acid, (S)-(-)-perillaldehyde, nootkatone, hinokitiol, d-limonene, s-limonene, p-isopropyl toluene, terpinene, nerolidol, 3-decen-2-one, ionone, damascenone and other stereoisomers of these compounds and combinations thereof.

15. The sheet of claim 11, wherein the carrier material is selected from the group consisting of water, paraffin wax, petroleum, natural wax, sunflower wax, carnauba wax, rice bran wax, candelilla wax, beeswax, resins, synthetic polymers, biodegradable natural polymers, ceramics, modified cellulose, methyl cellulose, surfactants, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, microporous alumina, anodized aluminum, activated carbon, zeolites, metal carboxylates, inorganic compounds, and combinations thereof.

16. The sheet material according to claim 11, wherein the sheet material further comprises: an adhesive layer configured to secure the sheet to a container; as well as A release layer is configured to be removed from the adhesive layer to expose the adhesive layer.

17. The sheet material of claim 16, wherein the adhesive layer is mixed with or impregnated with the one or more biologically active compounds.

18. The sheet material according to claim 11, wherein the sheet material further comprises: A release layer is configured to be removed from the sheet to allow release of the one or more biologically active compounds.

19. The sheet of claim 11, wherein the sheet further comprises a topcoat configured to modulate a release rate of the one or more biologically active compounds.

20. The sheet material of claim 19, wherein the topcoat further comprises the one or more biologically active compounds.

21. The sheet of claim 16, wherein the sheet is configured to be secured to an exterior surface of the container.

22. The sheet material of claim 11, wherein the sheet material further comprises at least one topcoat configured to prevent loss of the one or more biologically active compounds to the environment.

23. The sheeting of claim 22, wherein the at least one topcoat layer comprises an image, an information graphic, text, or a combination thereof.

24. The sheeting of claim 23, wherein the image, information graphic, text, or combination thereof is a separate layer on top of the at least one topcoat layer.

25. A system for preventing spoilage of perishable items, the system comprising: The pouch according to claim 1; as well as container, wherein the pouch is positioned within the container and is configured to release the one or more biologically active compounds into the container and onto the perishable item.

26. A system for preventing spoilage of perishable items, the system comprising: The sheet material according to claim 11; as well as A container configured to hold the perishable item, wherein the sheet is placed adjacent to the container and configured to release the one or more biologically active compounds into the container and onto the perishable item.

27. A system for preventing spoilage of perishable items, the system comprising: The sheet material according to claim 19; as well as Permeable container, wherein the sheet is disposed on an outer surface of the permeable container, and wherein the sheet is configured to release the one or more biologically active compounds through the permeable container and onto the perishable item.

28. An anti-corruption product for preventing perishable items from spoiling, the anti-corruption product comprising: one or more complexes, wherein each of the one or more complexes comprises one or more biologically active compounds and a carrier material; as well as A delivery layer is configured to encapsulate the complex and allow delivery of the one or more biologically active compounds.

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