High-yield triticale breeding method
By selecting seeds with advantages such as late stubble resistance, cold and frost resistance for hybridization and treatment, combined with wide-scale ditch sowing and micro-ridged irrigation technology, the problem of low yield of black wheat is solved, and a black wheat breeding method with high yield and water-saving effect is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510078890.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-15
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
Among the existing black wheat breeding methods, the yield is low, which affects farmers' harvest.
By selecting seeds with advantages such as late stubble resistance, cold resistance and frost resistance for hybridization, combining self-crossing and treatment of seeds in different growth environments to improve quality, and then using wide-banding and micro-ridged irrigation technology, combined with irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer applied to improve yield.
The yield of black wheat has been significantly improved, ensuring uniform seedlings, uniform seedlings and complete seedlings, increasing the number of ears, ear grains and thousand grain weight, improving the ability to resist lodging, and significant water-saving effect.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wheat breeding, in particular to a high-yield black wheat breeding method. Background Art
[0002] Wheat has always been one of the traditional crop varieties in my country. People's lives cannot do without flour, and crop planting cannot do without wheat. However, yield has always been an important factor restricting its development. my country's wheat planting is mainly winter wheat, which survives the winter at low temperatures during the seedling stage. If the temperature is too low, it is easy to damage the growth of wheat, affecting subsequent growth and reducing yield. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate frost-resistant and high-yield wheat varieties. Black wheat is one of the wheat varieties. Black wheat has the advantages of late crop resistance, cold and frost resistance, fast greening, high tillering rate, uniform heading, lodging resistance, disease and pest resistance, dry hot wind resistance, and drought resistance.
[0003] However, the current black wheat breeding process has a low yield, which seriously affects farmers' harvests. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a high-yield black wheat breeding method to solve the problem of low yield. Summary of the invention
[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-yield black wheat breeding method, which solves the problems raised in the background technology.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
[0006] A high-yield black wheat breeding method comprises the following steps:
[0007] Step 1: Select a flat plot, deep plow and kill the stubble after harvesting the previous crop in summer and autumn, harrow and level the ground, and apply base fertilizer in combination with land preparation before sowing;
[0008] Step 2: Create micro-ridges with equal spacing on the flat field and form micro-ridge furrows between the ridges;
[0009] Step 3, selecting local seeds that are resistant to late cropping, cold and frost, fast in greening, high in tillering rate, neat in heading, resistant to lodging, resistant to pests and diseases, resistant to dry hot winds, and resistant to drought as black wheat male and female parents, and obtaining F1 generation seeds through hybridization; planting the F1 generation seeds in a cultivation room, first controlling the temperature of the cultivation room to maintain at 20 to 30 degrees Celsius, self-pollinating the F1 generation seeds to obtain F2 generation seeds, and selecting black wheat seeds with longer ears and fuller grains from the F2 generation seeds as F3 generation seeds; planting the F3 generation seeds still in the cultivation room, controlling the temperature of the cultivation room to be between -10 and 5 degrees Celsius, self-pollinating the F3 generation seeds to obtain F4 generation seeds, and selecting black wheat from the F4 generation seeds The seeds with longer wheat ears and fuller black wheat grains are used as F5 generation seeds; the F5 generation seeds are moved outdoors for planting, and the fields with relatively severe disease and saline-alkali conditions are selected for planting the F5 generation seeds, and the F5 generation seeds are self-pollinated to obtain F6 generation seeds, and the black wheat seeds with longer wheat ears and fuller black wheat grains are selected from the F6 generation seeds as F7 generation seeds; the F7 generation seeds are placed in a vacuum environment, and helium is injected into the vacuum environment, and the black wheat seeds are subjected to non-ionizing radiation for 20 to 30 seconds at a processing power of 200 to 400 W, and then the seeds are bagged and placed in a pot, and an excess of seed soaking agent is poured into the pot, and the seeds are completely soaked for 5 to 7 hours, and then taken out, rinsed with clean water, and sown;
[0010] Step 4: Carry out wide furrow sowing in the micro-ridge furrow, appropriately increase the density and increase the sowing amount;
[0011] Step 5: Apply nitrogen fertilizer during irrigation at different growth stages;
[0012] Step six: Use micro-ditch irrigation.
[0013] Preferably, in step one, as base fertilizer, 3000-5000 kg of organic fertilizer, 8.0-10.0 kg of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), 4.0-6.0 kg of potassium oxide (K2O) and 1 / 2 of the total nitrogen of 12.0-16.0 kg are applied per mu.
[0014] Preferably, in step 2, the micro-ridge has a ridge width of 8 to 12 cm, a ridge height of 5 to 10 cm, a sowing width of 8 to 12 cm, and a row spacing = ridge width + sowing width + (1 to 5 cm).
[0015] Preferably, in step 4, the wheat sowing rate per mu is increased by 3 to 5 kg compared with traditional row sowing.
[0016] Preferably, in step five, 40% of the total nitrogen application amount is applied in combination with topdressing during tillering to jointing stage, and 10% of the total nitrogen application amount is applied in combination with topdressing during heading to flowering stage.
[0017] Preferably, in step 6, the irrigation volume per mu is 40-50 m3 per time. 3 .
[0018] Preferably, winter wheat is sprayed with Tontianbao on the leaves before wintering, sprayed with dwarfing agent, Zhuangfengan or Tontianbao on the leaves in the early jointing stage, and sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or Tontianbao on the leaves during the flowering-filling period.
[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0020] The black wheat is first prepared by selecting seeds that are resistant to late cropping, cold and frost, have fast greening, high tillering rate, uniform heading, lodging, disease and insect pests, dry hot winds, and drought as the F2 generation seeds from the hybrid of the black wheat male parent and the black wheat female parent, and then the F2 generation seeds are self-pollinated multiple times under different growth environments to obtain black wheat seeds with longer ears and fuller black wheat grains. In the later planting process, fertilizers and fields are effectively controlled to greatly increase the yield of black wheat planting.
[0021] At the same time, the present invention is simple and easy to implement, green and pollution-free, and can evenly distribute black wheat seeds through wide furrow sowing, increase the growth space, avoid competition among seeds for fertilizer, water and light, overcome the phenomena of missing seedlings, broken ridges, lumpy seedlings, flooding, waste of water resources and the like in traditional row sowing, achieve uniform, even and complete seedlings, thick tillers, developed root systems, strong individuals and scientific and reasonable group structure, increase the number of ears per mu, the number of grains per ear and the thousand-grain weight, improve the lodging resistance, have a significant water-saving effect, and can effectively solve the problems of flooding and low yield of wheat in irrigated land. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0023] Embodiment 1
[0024] A high-yield black wheat breeding method comprises the following steps:
[0025] Step 1: Select a flat plot, deep plow and kill the stubble after harvesting the previous crop in the summer and autumn, harrow and harrow until the ground is flat, and apply base fertilizer in combination with pre-sowing land preparation; all organic fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potassium fertilizers and 1 / 2 nitrogen fertilizers are used as base fertilizers and applied in combination with pre-sowing land preparation, applying 3000kg of organic fertilizer, 6.0kg of pure nitrogen, 8.0kg of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), and 4.0kg of potassium oxide (K2O) per mu;
[0026] Step 2: Equally spaced micro-ridges are formed in the field and micro-ridge furrows are formed between the ridges. The width of the micro-ridges is 8 cm, the height is 5 cm, the sowing width is 8 cm, and the row spacing = ridge width + sowing width = 16 cm;
[0027] Step 3, selecting local seeds that are resistant to late cropping, cold and frost, fast in greening, high in tillering rate, uniform in heading, resistant to lodging, resistant to pests and diseases, resistant to dry hot winds, and resistant to drought as black wheat male and female parents, and obtaining F1 generation seeds through hybridization; planting the F1 generation seeds in a cultivation room, first controlling the temperature of the cultivation room to be maintained at 20 to 30 degrees Celsius, self-pollinating the F1 generation seeds to obtain F2 generation seeds, and selecting black wheat seeds with longer ears and fuller grains from the F2 generation seeds as F3 generation seeds; planting the F3 generation seeds still in the cultivation room, controlling the temperature of the cultivation room to be maintained at -10 to 5 degrees Celsius, self-pollinating the F3 generation seeds to obtain F4 generation seeds, and selecting the F4 generation seeds from the F4 generation seeds. Select black wheat seeds with longer ears and fuller grains as F5 generation seeds; move the F5 generation seeds outdoors for planting, select fields with relatively poor disease and saline-alkali conditions to plant the F5 generation seeds, self-pollinate the F5 generation seeds to obtain F6 generation seeds, and select black wheat seeds with longer ears and fuller grains from the F6 generation seeds as F7 generation seeds; place the F7 generation seeds in a vacuum environment, and inject helium into the vacuum environment, non-ionizingly irradiate the black wheat seeds for 20 seconds at a processing power of 200W, then bag the seeds and place them in a pot, pour an excessive amount of seed soaking agent into the pot, completely soak the seeds for 5 hours, then take them out, rinse them with clean water, and then sow them;
[0028] Step 4: Wide-width furrow sowing is carried out in the micro-ridge furrow, with appropriate density and increased sowing amount; the sowing width is 8 cm, the width spacing is 8 cm, and the wheat sowing amount per mu is increased by 3 kg compared with traditional row sowing;
[0029] Step 5: Combine irrigation and topdressing with nitrogen fertilizer at different growth stages; about 40% of the total nitrogen application amount is applied during tillering to jointing stage combined with topdressing with irrigation, and 10% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied during heading to flowering stage combined with irrigation and topdressing;
[0030] Step 6: Use micro-ridge irrigation, with 40-50 m3 of water per mu each time. 3 ;
[0031] Step 7. Spray the leaves of winter wheat with Tontianbao before wintering. Spray the leaves with dwarfing agent, Zhuangfengan or Tontianbao in the early stage of wheat jointing. Spray the leaves with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or Tontianbao during the flowering to grain filling period of wheat.
[0032] Embodiment 2
[0033] A high-yield black wheat breeding method comprises the following steps:
[0034] Step 1: Select a flat plot, deep plow and kill the stubble after harvesting the previous crop in the summer and autumn, harrow and harrow until the ground is flat, and apply base fertilizer in combination with pre-sowing land preparation; all organic fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potash fertilizers and 40% nitrogen fertilizers are used as base fertilizers in combination with pre-sowing land preparation, and 4000kg of organic fertilizers, 7.0kg of pure nitrogen, 9.0kg of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), and 5.0kg of potassium oxide (K2O) are applied per mu;
[0035] Step 2: Equally spaced micro-ridges are formed in the field and micro-ridge furrows are formed between the ridges. The micro-ridges have a width of 10 cm, a height of 8 cm, a sowing width of 10 cm, and row spacing = ridge width + sowing width = 20 cm;
[0036] Step 3, selecting local seeds that are resistant to late cropping, cold and frost, fast in greening, high in tillering rate, uniform in heading, resistant to lodging, resistant to pests and diseases, resistant to dry hot winds, and resistant to drought as black wheat male and female parents, and obtaining F1 generation seeds through hybridization; planting the F1 generation seeds in a cultivation room, first controlling the temperature of the cultivation room to be maintained at 20 to 30 degrees Celsius, self-pollinating the F1 generation seeds to obtain F2 generation seeds, and selecting black wheat seeds with longer ears and fuller grains from the F2 generation seeds as F3 generation seeds; planting the F3 generation seeds still in the cultivation room, controlling the temperature of the cultivation room to be maintained at -10 to 5 degrees Celsius, self-pollinating the F3 generation seeds to obtain F4 generation seeds, and selecting the F4 generation seeds from the F4 generation seeds. Select black wheat seeds with longer ears and fuller grains as F5 generation seeds; move the F5 generation seeds outdoors for planting, select fields with relatively poor disease and saline-alkali conditions to plant the F5 generation seeds, self-pollinate the F5 generation seeds to obtain F6 generation seeds, and select black wheat seeds with longer ears and fuller grains from the F6 generation seeds as F7 generation seeds; place the F7 generation seeds in a vacuum environment, and inject helium into the vacuum environment, non-ionizingly irradiate the black wheat seeds for 25 seconds at a processing power of 300W, then bag the seeds and place them in a pot, pour an excessive amount of seed soaking agent into the pot, completely soak the seeds for 6 hours, then take them out, rinse them with clean water, and then sow them;
[0037] Step 4: Wide-width furrow sowing is carried out in the micro-ridge furrow, with appropriate density and increased sowing amount; the sowing width is 8 cm, the width spacing is 8 cm, and the wheat sowing amount per mu is increased by 4 kg compared with traditional row sowing;
[0038] Step 5: Combine irrigation and topdressing with nitrogen fertilizer at different growth stages; about 40% of the total nitrogen application amount is applied during tillering to jointing stage combined with topdressing with irrigation, and 10% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied during heading to flowering stage combined with irrigation and topdressing;
[0039] Step 6: Use micro-ridge irrigation, with 40-50 m3 of water per mu each time. 3 ;
[0040] Step 7. Spray the leaves of winter wheat with Tontianbao before wintering. Spray the leaves with dwarfing agent, Zhuangfengan or Tontianbao in the early stage of wheat jointing. Spray the leaves with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or Tontianbao during the flowering to grain filling period of wheat.
[0041] Embodiment 3
[0042] A high-yield black wheat breeding method comprises the following steps:
[0043] Step 1: Select a flat plot, deep plow and kill the stubble after harvesting the previous crop in the summer and autumn, harrow and harrow until the ground is flat, and apply base fertilizer in combination with pre-sowing land preparation; all organic fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potash fertilizers and 30% nitrogen fertilizers are used as base fertilizers in combination with pre-sowing land preparation, and 5000kg of organic fertilizers, 8.0kg of pure nitrogen, 10.0kg of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), and 6.0kg of potassium oxide (K2O) are applied per mu;
[0044] Step 2: Equally spaced micro-ridges are formed in the field and micro-ridge furrows are formed between the ridges. The width of the micro-ridges is 12 cm, the height is 10 cm, the sowing width is 12 cm, and the row spacing = ridge width + sowing width = 24 cm;
[0045] Step 3, selecting local seeds that are resistant to late cropping, cold and frost, fast in greening, high in tillering rate, uniform in heading, resistant to lodging, resistant to pests and diseases, resistant to dry hot winds, and resistant to drought as black wheat male and female parents, and obtaining F1 generation seeds through hybridization; planting the F1 generation seeds in a cultivation room, first controlling the temperature of the cultivation room to be maintained at 20 to 30 degrees Celsius, self-pollinating the F1 generation seeds to obtain F2 generation seeds, and selecting black wheat seeds with longer ears and fuller grains from the F2 generation seeds as F3 generation seeds; planting the F3 generation seeds still in the cultivation room, controlling the temperature of the cultivation room to be maintained at -10 to 5 degrees Celsius, self-pollinating the F3 generation seeds to obtain F4 generation seeds, and selecting the F4 generation seeds from the F4 generation seeds. Select black wheat seeds with longer ears and fuller grains as F5 generation seeds; move the F5 generation seeds outdoors for planting, select fields with relatively poor disease and saline-alkali conditions to plant the F5 generation seeds, self-pollinate the F5 generation seeds to obtain F6 generation seeds, and select black wheat seeds with longer ears and fuller grains from the F6 generation seeds as F7 generation seeds; place the F7 generation seeds in a vacuum environment, and inject helium into the vacuum environment, non-ionizingly irradiate the black wheat seeds for 20 seconds at a processing power of 200W, then bag the seeds and place them in a pot, pour an excessive amount of seed soaking agent into the pot, completely soak the seeds for 5 hours, then take them out, rinse them with clean water, and then sow them;
[0046] Step 4: Wide-width furrow sowing is carried out in the micro-ridge furrow, with appropriate density and increased sowing amount; the sowing width is 8 cm, the width spacing is 8 cm, and the wheat sowing amount per mu is increased by 5 kg compared with traditional row sowing;
[0047] Step 5: Combine irrigation and topdressing with nitrogen fertilizer at different growth stages; about 40% of the total nitrogen application amount is applied during tillering to jointing stage combined with topdressing with irrigation, and 10% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied during heading to flowering stage combined with irrigation and topdressing;
[0048] Step 6: Use micro-ridge irrigation, with 40-50 m3 of water per mu each time. 3 ;
[0049] Step 7. Spray the leaves of winter wheat with Tontianbao before wintering. Spray the leaves with dwarfing agent, Zhuangfengan or Tontianbao in the early stage of wheat jointing. Spray the leaves with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or Tontianbao during the flowering to grain filling period of wheat.
[0050] The embodiments of the present application are described above, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation modes. The above-mentioned specific implementation modes are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present application, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of the present application and the scope of protection of the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present application.
Claims
1. A high-yield black wheat breeding method, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Select a flat plot, deep plow and kill the stubble after harvesting the previous crop in summer and autumn, harrow and level the ground, and apply base fertilizer in combination with land preparation before sowing; Step 2: Create micro-ridges with equal spacing on the flat field and form micro-ridge furrows between the ridges; Step 3, selecting local seeds that are resistant to late cropping, cold and frost, fast in greening, high in tillering rate, neat in heading, resistant to lodging, resistant to pests and diseases, resistant to dry hot winds, and resistant to drought as black wheat male and female parents, and obtaining F1 generation seeds through hybridization; planting the F1 generation seeds in a cultivation room, first controlling the temperature of the cultivation room to maintain at 20 to 30 degrees Celsius, self-pollinating the F1 generation seeds to obtain F2 generation seeds, and selecting black wheat seeds with longer ears and fuller grains from the F2 generation seeds as F3 generation seeds; planting the F3 generation seeds still in the cultivation room, controlling the temperature of the cultivation room to be between -10 and 5 degrees Celsius, self-pollinating the F3 generation seeds to obtain F4 generation seeds, and selecting black wheat from the F4 generation seeds The seeds with longer wheat ears and fuller black wheat grains are used as F5 generation seeds; the F5 generation seeds are moved outdoors for planting, and the fields with relatively severe disease and saline-alkali conditions are selected for planting the F5 generation seeds, and the F5 generation seeds are self-pollinated to obtain F6 generation seeds, and the black wheat seeds with longer wheat ears and fuller black wheat grains are selected from the F6 generation seeds as F7 generation seeds; the F7 generation seeds are placed in a vacuum environment, and helium is injected into the vacuum environment, and the black wheat seeds are subjected to non-ionizing radiation for 20 to 30 seconds at a processing power of 200 to 400 W, and then the seeds are bagged and placed in a pot, and an excess of seed soaking agent is poured into the pot, and the seeds are completely soaked for 5 to 7 hours, and then taken out, rinsed with clean water, and sown; Step 4: Carry out wide furrow sowing in the micro-ridge furrow, appropriately increase the density and increase the sowing amount; Step 5: Apply nitrogen fertilizer during irrigation at different growth stages; Step six: Use micro-ditch irrigation.
2. A high-yield black wheat breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, as base fertilizer, 3000-5000 kg of organic fertilizer, 8.0-10.0 kg of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), 4.0-6.0 kg of potassium oxide (K2O) and 1 / 2 of the total nitrogen of 12.0-16.0 kg are applied per mu.
3. A high-yield black wheat breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the micro-ridge has a ridge width of 8 to 12 cm, a ridge height of 5 to 10 cm, a sowing width of 8 to 12 cm, and a row spacing = ridge width + sowing width + (1 to 5 cm).
4. A high-yield black wheat breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the wheat sowing rate per mu increases by 3 to 5 kg compared with traditional row sowing.
5. A high-yield black wheat breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step five, 40% of the total nitrogen application amount is applied during the tillering to jointing stage in combination with topdressing by irrigation, and 10% of the total nitrogen application amount is applied during the heading to flowering stage in combination with irrigation and topdressing.
6. A high-yield black wheat breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6, the irrigation volume is 40-50m3 per mu each time. 3 .
7. A high-yield black wheat breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Spray winter wheat on the leaves with Tontianbao before wintering, spray it on the leaves with dwarfing agent, Zhuangfengan or Tontianbao in the early stage of jointing, and spray it on the leaves with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or Tontianbao in the flowering to grain filling period.