Self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive material

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of metal powder laser material increase, in particular to a self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser material increase, which comprises a laser material increase processing head, a nozzle assembly, a cleaning assembly and a positioning assembly, the lower end of the laser material increase processing head is of a conical structure, and a laser groove is formed in the center in the laser material increase processing head and penetrates through the lower end; a self-rotation mounting ring with four gas spraying pipes is rotationally connected into the laser additive machining head through a control assembly, during normal machining and using, two gas spraying pipes are used for machining, the other two gas spraying pipes are used for standby application, and when the two gas spraying pipes are blocked, the gas spraying pipes can be switched in time, so that the gas spraying pipes can be switched in time; and then, the cleaning assembly is arranged below the laser additive machining head, self-cleaning operation can be carried out on the side under the condition that normal powder feeding operation of the two gas spraying pipes is not affected, alternate cooperative use is achieved, and operation is worry-saving and convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of metal powder laser additive technology, in particular to a self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive. Background Art

[0002] Laser additive manufacturing is a manufacturing technology that uses metal powder as the raw material for forming and a high-energy laser beam as the heat source. During processing, the laser beam melts the metal powder added simultaneously layer by layer, and the metal raw material solidifies rapidly and is deposited layer by layer. The prior art patent CN111168070A is a magnetic field-excited laser additive device, which uses a magnetic field to excite the current-carrying bottom plate to vibrate, stir the internal structure of the molding material, to a certain extent refine the grains, improve the uniformity of the structure, reduce stress concentration, and improve the mechanical properties of the material molding. Laser additive manufacturing requires high-pressure gas to blow metal powder to the processing reaction zone. During the movement of the metal powder through the gas nozzle, pollutants that may be carried in the metal powder or the metal powder itself may adhere to the inside of the gas nozzle. When the gas powder feeding nozzle is blocked, the metal powder sent to the reaction processing per unit time will be reduced accordingly, affecting the product processing quality. The existing gas nozzle cleaning method is mostly to stop and disassemble for cleaning, which affects the processing efficiency and processing schedule and is inconvenient to use. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing, comprising: A laser additive processing head, wherein the lower end of the laser additive processing head is a conical structure, a laser groove is provided in the center of the laser additive processing head through the lower end, and a vertical rotation groove and a conical rotation groove are provided in the laser additive processing head at the upper and lower ends; A nozzle assembly, wherein the nozzle assembly is movably arranged in the vertical rotation groove and the conical rotation groove through a control assembly, the nozzle assembly comprises a self-rotating mounting ring and four gas nozzles, the four gas nozzles are arranged at the lower end of the self-rotating mounting ring, the self-rotating mounting ring is vertically arranged in the vertical rotation groove, and the control assembly comprises a control gear ring and a control gear; A cleaning component, which is plugged and fixedly arranged at the lower end of the laser additive processing head, and includes a cleaning assembly disk, and two guide grooves and two cleaning piston grooves are respectively arranged on four sides of the cleaning assembly disk, and the two guide grooves and the two cleaning piston grooves are respectively arranged corresponding to the four gas nozzles, and the cleaning piston grooves are movably plugged with a connection sealing tube; The positioning component is arranged on one side of the laser additive processing head close to the self-rotating mounting ring, and the positioning component includes an abutment block and a positioning movable plate.

[0005] Preferably, a matching connecting ring is horizontally provided at the upper end of the vertical rotating groove, the lower end of the matching connecting ring is in contact with the upper end of the self-rotating mounting ring, a sealing film is horizontally provided on the side of the matching connecting ring in contact with the self-rotating mounting ring, and four powder delivery docking grooves are vertically penetrated on the matching connecting ring, four gas nozzles are respectively penetrated through the upper end of the self-rotating mounting ring, and the four powder delivery docking grooves are respectively connected to one side of the gas nozzle penetrating the self-rotating mounting ring.

[0006] Preferably, the upper end of the self-rotating mounting ring having a powder feeding docking groove is connected to an inlet and outlet conveying pipe, and one side of the four inlet and outlet conveying pipes respectively penetrates the outer peripheral side of the laser additive processing head, and a reinforcing rubber ring is embedded on one side of the powder feeding docking groove close to the sealing rubber sheet.

[0007] Preferably, a docking hole is provided in the center of the cleaning assembly disk, and the docking hole is arranged corresponding to the laser groove. Two inclined grooves are symmetrically opened on both sides of the lower end of the cleaning assembly disk. A docking annular groove adapted to the conical rotating groove is provided at the upper end of the cleaning assembly disk. Two guide grooves are respectively opened in the two inclined grooves and connected to the docking annular groove, and two of the gas nozzles of the rotating mounting ring correspond to the two guide grooves respectively.

[0008] Preferably, the two guide grooves are cross-staggered with the two cleaning piston grooves, a guide hole is provided in the upper end of the cleaning piston groove and connected to the docking annular groove, a connecting sealing tube is placed in the cleaning piston groove and movably penetrates the connecting guide hole, and one side of the connecting sealing tube passing through the guide hole is inserted into the gas nozzle and is provided with a sealing ring.

[0009] Preferably, the connecting sealing tube is placed on one side of the cleaning piston groove and is provided with a pushing piston, the upper end of the connecting sealing tube located at the pushing piston is sleeved with a return spring, and the lower end center of the cleaning piston groove is provided with a sealing plug, and the diameter of the sealing plug is equal to the inner diameter of the connecting sealing tube.

[0010] Preferably, an annular diverter groove is provided at the lower end of the laser additive processing head, and two connecting grooves are provided through the lower end of the annular diverter groove. Two cleaning joints are vertically symmetrically provided on both sides of the upper end of the cleaning assembly disk near the cleaning piston groove. The upper ends of the two cleaning joints are respectively sealed and plugged into the two connecting grooves and are connected to the annular diverter groove. A cleaning adapter groove is provided on one side of the upper end of the annular diverter groove that passes through the outer peripheral side of the laser additive processing head, and the cleaning adapter groove passes through one side of the laser additive processing head and is plugged with a cleaning external pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the laser additive processing head is horizontally provided with a toothed disc groove on the inner circumference side of the vertical rotating groove, a gear groove is horizontally provided on the side of the laser additive processing head close to the toothed disc groove, a control gear ring is horizontally provided on the inner circumference side of the self-rotating mounting ring and horizontally plugged into the toothed disc groove, a control gear is horizontally provided in the gear groove, one side of the control gear is meshed and connected with one side of the control gear ring, and a drive shaft is vertically provided at the upper end center of the control gear.

[0012] Preferably, an arc-shaped swing groove is horizontally opened in the laser additive processing head at the lower end of the toothed disc groove, and an abutment block is horizontally arranged on one side of the rotation mounting ring close to the arc-shaped swing groove. Positioning spring grooves are opened in the laser additive processing head above one of the guide grooves and one of the cleaning piston grooves, and the upper end of the positioning spring groove is connected with the arc-shaped swing groove. A positioning movable plate is horizontally arranged at the upper end of the positioning spring groove, and a side constraint block is vertically arranged on one side of the upper end of the positioning movable plate. When the gas nozzle corresponds to the guide groove, one side of the abutment block abuts against one side of the side constraint block.

[0013] Preferably, a positioning groove is provided at the lower end of the abutment block, a positioning block is provided on one side of the positioning groove, the upper end of the positioning block is inserted into the positioning groove, and the two side surfaces of the positioning block inserted into the positioning groove are inclined surfaces, a spring rod is vertically provided at the center of the lower end of the positioning movable plate, a spring sleeve is vertically provided at the center of the lower end of the positioning spring groove, the lower end of the spring rod is vertically and movably inserted into the spring sleeve, a support spring is vertically provided at the lower end of the positioning movable plate, and the support spring is sleeved with the spring sleeve.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: A rotating mounting ring with four gas nozzles is connected by rotating the control component in the laser additive processing head. During normal processing, two of the gas nozzles are used for processing and the other two are used as backup. When two of the gas nozzles are blocked, the gas nozzles can be switched in time to avoid long downtime affecting the processing progress. Then, a cleaning component is set under the laser additive processing head. Without affecting the normal powder feeding operation of two of the gas nozzles, self-cleaning operation can be performed on the side. The two gas nozzles can be used alternately, which is worry-free and convenient to operate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention from a first viewing angle; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention from a second viewing angle; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of part A; Figure 4 It is a partial side-cut schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4Schematic diagram of part B; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the C part; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the D part; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of part E; Fig. 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the F part; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the gas nozzle layout structure of the present invention; Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the matching structure of the abutment block and the side restraint block of the present invention; Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the matching structure of the self-rotating mounting ring and the cleaning assembly disk of the present invention; Fig.13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cleaning assembly disk of the present invention.

[0016] In the figure: laser additive processing head 1, cleaning assembly disk 2, vertical rotation groove 3, conical rotation groove 4, self-rotation mounting ring 5, gas nozzle 6, guide groove 7, cleaning piston groove 8, pushing piston 9, connecting sealing tube 10, sealing plug 11, reset spring 12, annular diverter groove 13, cleaning adapter groove 14, cleaning external tube 15, cleaning joint 16, cleaning connection groove 17, matching connection ring 18, sealing film 19, powder delivery docking groove 20, reinforcing rubber ring 21, inlet and outlet conveying pipe 22, control gear ring 23, control gear 24, drive shaft 25, arc swing groove 26, abutment block 27, positioning spring groove 28, positioning movable plate 29, side constraint block 30, positioning groove 31, positioning block 32, spring sleeve 33, support spring 34, laser groove 36. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Please see attached Figure 1-13 , this application provides the following technical solutions.

[0019] Embodiment 1: A self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive, comprising a laser additive processing head 1, the lower end of the laser additive processing head 1 is a conical structure, a laser groove 36 is provided in the center of the laser additive processing head 1 through the lower end, a vertical rotation groove 3 and a conical rotation groove 4 are provided in the laser additive processing head 1 at the upper and lower ends, a horizontal rotation mechanism can be installed in the vertical rotation groove 3 and the conical rotation groove 4, and a nozzle assembly is movably arranged in the vertical rotation groove 3 and the conical rotation groove 4 through a control assembly, and the nozzle assembly comprises a self-rotating mounting ring 5 and four gas nozzles 6, the four gas nozzles 6 are arranged at the lower end of the self-rotating mounting ring 5, and the self-rotating mounting ring 5 is vertically arranged at the vertical rotation groove 3 and the conical rotation groove 4. In the vertical rotation groove 3, the control component includes a control gear ring 23 and a control gear 24. A matching connection ring 18 is horizontally provided at the upper end of the vertical rotation groove 3. The lower end of the matching connection ring 18 is in contact with the upper end of the rotation mounting ring 5. A sealing film 19 is horizontally provided on the side of the matching connection ring 18 in contact with the rotation mounting ring 5. Four powder delivery docking grooves 20 are vertically penetrated on the matching connection ring 18. Four gas nozzles 6 are respectively penetrated through the upper end of the rotation mounting ring 5. The four powder delivery docking grooves 20 are respectively connected to one side of the gas nozzle 6 penetrating the rotation mounting ring 5. The gas nozzle 6 is inserted in the conical rotation groove 4 with the same inclined structure, which is convenient for rotation in the conical rotation groove 4.

[0020] The upper end of the self-rotating mounting ring 5 is provided with a powder feeding docking groove 20, which is connected to an inlet and outlet conveying pipe 22. One side of the four inlet and outlet conveying pipes 22 is respectively arranged to penetrate the outer peripheral side of the laser additive processing head 1, and a reinforcing rubber ring 21 is embedded in the connecting ring 18 close to the sealing rubber sheet 19 and located on one side of the powder feeding docking groove 20. The inlet and outlet conveying pipe 22 is connected to the external metal powder, and then blown into the gas nozzle 6 by high pressure for laser additive processing. The setting of the sealing rubber sheet 19 and the reinforcing rubber ring 21 can maintain a stable combination and sealing effect when the powder feeding docking groove 20 is connected to the gas nozzle 6.

[0021] A cleaning component is arranged below the laser additive processing head 1, and a reverse cleaning and flushing operation can be performed from the position of the gas nozzle 6. The cleaning component is plugged and fixed at the lower end of the laser additive processing head 1. The cleaning component includes a cleaning assembly disk 2. Two guide grooves 7 and two cleaning piston grooves 8 are respectively arranged on four sides of the cleaning assembly disk 2. The two guide grooves 7 and the two cleaning piston grooves 8 are respectively arranged corresponding to the four gas nozzles 6. A connecting sealing tube 10 is movably inserted in the cleaning piston groove 8. A docking hole is arranged in the center of the cleaning assembly disk 2. The docking hole is arranged corresponding to the laser groove 36. The cleaning Two inclined grooves are symmetrically opened on both sides of the lower end of the assembly disk 2, and a docking annular groove adapted to the conical rotating groove 4 is provided on the upper end of the cleaning assembly disk 2. Two guide grooves 7 are respectively opened in the two inclined grooves and connected to the docking annular groove, and two of the gas nozzles 6 of the rotating mounting ring 5 correspond to the two guide grooves 7 respectively. When the four gas nozzles 6 are in use, two of the gas nozzles 6 are used for powder spraying operations, and two of them can be used as spares. When there is powder spraying influence in the two gas nozzles 6 in use, the two gas nozzles 6 can be replaced and wait for cleaning operation.

[0022] The two guide grooves 7 and the two cleaning piston grooves 8 are arranged crosswise and staggered. The upper end of the cleaning piston groove 8 is connected to the docking annular groove and has a guide hole. The connecting sealing tube 10 is placed in the cleaning piston groove 8 and movably penetrates the plug-in guide hole. The connecting sealing tube 10 penetrates the guide hole and is plugged into the gas nozzle 6 on one side and is provided with a sealing ring. The connecting sealing tube 10 is placed on one side of the cleaning piston groove 8 and is provided with a pushing piston 9. The upper end of the connecting sealing tube 10 is sleeved with a return spring 12. The center of the lower end of the cleaning piston groove 8 is provided with a sealing plug 11, and the diameter of the sealing plug 11 is equal to the inner diameter of the connecting sealing tube 10. An annular diverter groove 13 is opened at the lower end of the laser additive processing head 1, and two connecting grooves are penetrated at the lower end of the annular diverter groove 13. Two cleaning joints 16 are vertically symmetrically provided on both sides of the upper end of the cleaning piston groove 8 of the cleaning assembly disk 2. The two cleaning joints The upper ends of 16 are sealed and plugged into two connecting grooves respectively and are connected to the annular diverter groove 13. A cleaning adapter groove 14 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the laser additive processing head 1 on one side of the upper end of the annular diverter groove 13, and the cleaning adapter groove 14 passes through one side of the laser additive processing head 1 and is plugged with a cleaning external pipe 15. When it is necessary to clean the gas nozzle 6, the cleaning external pipe 15 injects a special metal adhesion cleaning liquid into the cleaning adapter groove 14. At this time, the high-pressure cleaning liquid pushes the piston 9 to squeeze the reset spring 12 to rise, and the upper end of the connecting sealing tube 10 is inserted into the gas nozzle 6, and the lower end is separated from the sealing plug 11. The cleaning liquid enters the gas nozzle 6, and the inner wall of the gas nozzle 6 is immersed and cleaned or the liquid is flushed at a high speed. Similarly, the cleaning method can also be high-speed airflow impact cleaning. When both are used, it can be cleaned with cleaning solution first, and then the liquid is blown out by high-speed airflow and quickly dried after cleaning.

[0023] A toothed disc groove is horizontally provided on the inner circumference of the vertical rotation groove 3 of the laser additive processing head 1, and a gear groove is horizontally provided on one side of the laser additive processing head 1 close to the toothed disc groove. A control gear ring 23 is horizontally provided on the inner circumference of the self-rotating mounting ring 5 and is horizontally inserted into the toothed disc groove. A control gear 24 is horizontally provided in the gear groove, and one side of the control gear 24 is meshed and connected with one side of the control gear ring 23, and a driving shaft 25 is vertically provided at the center of the upper end of the control gear 24. When it is necessary to exchange the positions of the two gas nozzles 6 connected to the guide groove 7 and the two gas nozzles 6 connected to the cleaning piston groove 8, the self-rotating mounting ring 5 and the gas nozzle 6 can be controlled to rotate 90 degrees to reach the exchange position by rotating the control gear 24. In an environment with special processing requirements, four guide grooves 7 can be provided on the cleaning assembly plate 2 for four gas nozzles 6 to participate in laser additive processing at the same time.

[0024] In this embodiment: a high-energy laser beam is emitted from the laser groove 36. When the laser beam contacts the workpiece, the two guide grooves 7 blow the metal powder from the inlet and outlet conveying pipe 22, the rotating mounting ring 5, the gas nozzle 6 and the guide groove 7 to the gathering point through the high-pressure airflow. The laser completes the heating treatment of the metal powder and completes the laser additive processing. When the two gas nozzles 6 that feed the metal powder are blocked and affect the additive processing, the control gear 24 drives the drive shaft 25 to rotate through the existing common electric control motor, so that the control gear 24 drives the control gear ring 23 and the rotating mounting ring 5 to rotate, and the two unused gas nozzles 6 are rotated to the position of the guide groove 7 for replacement.

[0025] Embodiment 2: On the basis of embodiment 1, a positioning assembly is provided to enable the precise connection between the gas nozzle 6 and the guide groove 7 or the cleaning piston groove 8 after the self-rotating mounting ring 5 rotates. The positioning assembly is provided on one side of the laser additive processing head 1 close to the self-rotating mounting ring 5. The positioning assembly includes an abutment block 27 and a positioning movable plate 29. An arc-shaped swing groove 26 is horizontally provided at the lower end of the toothed disc groove in the laser additive processing head 1. The abutment block 27 is horizontally provided on one side of the self-rotating mounting ring 5 close to the arc-shaped swing groove 26. The laser additive processing head 1 is located at one of the guide grooves 7 and A positioning spring groove 28 is provided above one of the cleaning piston grooves 8, and the upper end of the positioning spring groove 28 is connected to the arc-shaped swing groove 26. A positioning movable plate 29 is horizontally arranged at the upper end of the positioning spring groove 28, and a side restraining block 30 is vertically provided on one side of the upper end of the positioning movable plate 29. When the gas nozzle 6 corresponds to the guide groove 7, one side of the abutment block 27 abuts against one side of the side restraining block 30, and a positioning groove 31 is provided at the lower end of the abutment block 27. A positioning block 32 is provided on one side of the positioning groove 31 of the positioning movable plate 29, and the upper end of the positioning block 32 is inserted into the positioning block 32. The two side surfaces of the positioning block 32 inserted into the positioning groove 31 are inclined surfaces. A spring rod is vertically provided at the center of the lower end of the positioning movable plate 29. A spring sleeve 33 is vertically provided at the center of the lower end of the positioning spring groove 28. The lower end of the spring rod is vertically movably inserted into the spring sleeve 33. A support spring 34 is vertically provided at the lower end of the positioning movable plate 29, and the support spring 34 is sleeved with the spring sleeve 33. The maximum movable angle of the abutment block 27 in the arc-shaped swinging groove 26 is 90°. When the control gear 24 drives the control gear ring 23 to rotate, when the abutment Before block 27 reaches the edge of the arc-shaped swing groove 26, it contacts the inclined surface of the positioning block 32 first. The positioning block 32 pushes the positioning movable plate 29 to squeeze the supporting spring 34 to descend. Then, under the elastic force of the supporting spring 34, the positioning block 32 is inserted into the positioning groove 31. At this time, the edge of the abutment block 27 abuts against the side constraint block 30, and the rotating mounting ring 5 cannot rotate. At this time, the gas nozzle 6 and the guide groove 7 are precisely docked. The insertion of the positioning block 32 and the positioning groove 31 can overcome the influence of the slight swing of the control gear 24 on the rotation position of the rotating mounting ring 5.

[0026] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing, characterized in that: include: A laser additive processing head (1), wherein the lower end of the laser additive processing head (1) is a conical structure, a laser groove (36) is provided in the center of the laser additive processing head (1) and passes through the lower end, and a vertical rotation groove (3) and a conical rotation groove (4) are provided in the laser additive processing head (1) at the upper and lower ends; A nozzle assembly, wherein the nozzle assembly is movably arranged in the vertical rotation groove (3) and the conical rotation groove (4) through a control assembly, the nozzle assembly comprises a self-rotating mounting ring (5) and four gas nozzles (6), the four gas nozzles (6) are arranged at the lower end of the self-rotating mounting ring (5), the self-rotating mounting ring (5) is vertically arranged in the vertical rotation groove (3), and the control assembly comprises a control gear ring (23) and a control gear (24); A cleaning assembly, the cleaning assembly being plugged and fixedly arranged at the lower end of the laser additive processing head (1), the cleaning assembly comprising a cleaning assembly disk (2), two guide grooves (7) and two cleaning piston grooves (8) being respectively arranged on four sides of the cleaning assembly disk (2), the two guide grooves (7) and the two cleaning piston grooves (8) being respectively arranged corresponding to the four gas nozzles (6), and a connecting sealing tube (10) being movably plugged in the cleaning piston grooves (8); A positioning component is provided on a side of the laser additive processing head (1) close to the self-rotating mounting ring (5), and the positioning component comprises an abutment block (27) and a positioning movable plate (29).

2. The self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: A matching connection ring (18) is horizontally arranged at the upper end of the vertical rotation groove (3); the lower end of the matching connection ring (18) contacts the upper end of the self-rotating mounting ring (5); a sealing rubber sheet (19) is horizontally arranged on the side of the matching connection ring (18) contacting the self-rotating mounting ring (5); four powder delivery docking grooves (20) are vertically penetrated on the matching connection ring (18); four gas nozzles (6) are respectively arranged to penetrate the upper end of the self-rotating mounting ring (5); and the four powder delivery docking grooves (20) are respectively connected to the side of the gas nozzle (6) penetrating the self-rotating mounting ring (5).

3. The self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper end of the self-rotating mounting ring (5) provided with a powder delivery docking groove (20) is connected to an inlet and outlet conveying pipe (22), one side of the four inlet and outlet conveying pipes (22) respectively penetrates the outer peripheral side of the laser additive processing head (1), and a reinforcing rubber ring (21) is embedded on one side of the powder delivery docking groove (20) near the connecting ring (18) and close to the sealing rubber sheet (19).

4. The self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cleaning assembly disk (2) is provided with a docking hole at its center, the docking hole being arranged corresponding to the laser groove (36), two inclined grooves being symmetrically provided on both sides of the lower end of the cleaning assembly disk (2), a docking annular groove being adapted to the conical rotating groove (4) being provided at the upper end of the cleaning assembly disk (2), two guide grooves (7) being respectively provided in the two inclined grooves and being connected to the docking annular groove, and two gas nozzles (6) of the self-rotating mounting ring (5) respectively corresponding to the two guide grooves (7).

5. The self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The two guide grooves (7) and the two cleaning piston grooves (8) are arranged in a cross-staggered manner. A guide hole is provided in the upper end of the cleaning piston groove (8) and is connected to the butt-jointed annular groove. A connecting sealing tube (10) is placed in the cleaning piston groove (8) and movably penetrates the connecting guide hole. One side of the connecting sealing tube (10) penetrating the guide hole is inserted into the gas nozzle (6) and is provided with a sealing ring.

6. The self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The connecting sealing tube (10) is provided with a pushing piston (9) on one side of the cleaning piston groove (8), and a return spring (12) is sleeved on the upper end of the connecting sealing tube (10) located at the pushing piston (9). A sealing plug (11) is provided at the center of the lower end of the cleaning piston groove (8), and the diameter of the sealing plug (11) is equal to the inner diameter of the connecting sealing tube (10).

7. The self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 6, characterized in that: An annular flow diversion groove (13) is provided at the lower end of the laser additive processing head (1), and two connecting grooves are provided through the lower end of the annular flow diversion groove (13). Two cleaning joints (16) are vertically symmetrically provided on both sides of the upper end of the cleaning assembly disk (2) close to the cleaning piston groove (8), and the upper ends of the two cleaning joints (16) are respectively sealed and plugged into the two connecting grooves and are connected to the annular flow diversion groove (13). A cleaning adapter groove (14) is provided on one side of the upper end of the annular flow diversion groove (13) that passes through the outer peripheral side of the laser additive processing head (1), and a cleaning external pipe (15) is plugged into the cleaning adapter groove (14) that passes through one side of the laser additive processing head (1).

8. The self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The laser additive processing head (1) is provided with a toothed disc groove horizontally on the inner peripheral side of the vertical rotation groove (3); a gear groove is horizontally provided on a side of the laser additive processing head (1) close to the toothed disc groove; a control gear ring (23) is horizontally provided on the inner peripheral side of the self-rotating mounting ring (5) and is horizontally inserted into the toothed disc groove; a control gear (24) is horizontally provided in the gear groove; one side of the control gear (24) is meshed and connected with one side of the control gear ring (23); and a drive shaft (25) is vertically provided at the center of the upper end of the control gear (24).

9. The self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 8, characterized in that: An arc-shaped swing groove (26) is horizontally provided at the lower end of the toothed disc groove in the laser additive processing head (1); a contact block (27) is horizontally provided on one side of the rotation mounting ring (5) close to the arc-shaped swing groove (26); a positioning spring groove (28) is provided above one of the guide grooves (7) and one of the cleaning piston grooves (8) in the laser additive processing head (1); the upper end of the positioning spring groove (28) is connected to the arc-shaped swing groove (26); a positioning movable plate (29) is horizontally provided at the upper end of the positioning spring groove (28); a side restraint block (30) is vertically provided on one side of the upper end of the positioning movable plate (29); when the gas nozzle (6) corresponds to the guide groove (7), one side of the contact block (27) contacts one side of the side restraint block (30); 10. The self-cleaning gas nozzle for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 9, characterized in that: A positioning groove (31) is provided at the lower end of the abutment block (27); a positioning block (32) is provided on one side of the positioning groove (31) of the positioning movable plate (29); the upper end of the positioning block (32) is plugged into the positioning groove (31); the two side surfaces of the positioning block (32) plugged into the positioning groove (31) are inclined surfaces; a spring insertion rod is vertically provided at the center of the lower end of the positioning movable plate (29); a spring sleeve (33) is vertically provided at the center of the lower end of the positioning spring groove (28); the lower end of the spring insertion rod is vertically movably plugged into the spring sleeve (33); a support spring (34) is vertically provided at the lower end of the positioning movable plate (29); and the support spring (34) is sleeved in the spring sleeve (33).

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