Underground signal and electric energy receiving and transmitting device and method

Abstract

The invention provides an underground signal and electric energy receiving and transmitting device and method, the device comprises an inner shell and an electricity generation layer arranged on the outer side of the inner shell, and the inner side of the inner shell is provided with an electric energy processing module, an information module and an energy transmission module; unstable electric energy generated by the electricity generation layer is transmitted to the electric energy processing module through the inner shell, stable electric energy output by the electric energy processing module is used for supplying power to the information module and the energy transmission module, the energy transmission module provides an alternating magnetic field to enable the electricity generation layer to generate electric energy, and the information module is used for receiving and sending signals. According to the method, the device is deployed at multiple levels underground, signals are processed and transmitted through the information module, long-distance transmission of the signals is changed into short-distance multi-level transmission, the stability and reliability of the transmission process are ensured, and signal attenuation and interference are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of underground signal transmission, and in particular to a device and method for receiving and sending signals and electric energy used underground. Background Art

[0002] During the deep underground oil drilling process, the drill bit works in an extreme environment. How to accurately and reliably transmit the working status information of the drill bit to the ground in real time becomes the key. At present, there are generally three types of downhole signal transmission: mud pulse transmission, electromagnetic wave transmission, and optical fiber transmission. Among them, the transmission rate of mud pulse transmission is relatively low. As the depth of the well increases, the signal attenuation will also increase. In ultra-deep wells, signal transmission difficulties may occur; electromagnetic wave transmission is easily interfered by the electromagnetic characteristics of the underground formation; the optical fiber laying of optical fiber transmission is relatively complicated, and it needs to be pre-designed and installed during the manufacture of the drill string or drilling process. Chinese patent CN107130956A discloses a data transmission and measurement device near the drill bit and a data transmission and measurement method thereof, and discloses a data transmission and measurement device near the drill bit, including a drill collar short section near the drill bit, a near-drill bit measurement module, a transmission control circuit module, a transmission coupling module, a power drill, a receiving coupling module, a receiving processing circuit module, a measurement while drilling system, and a drill collar short section on the power drill. Among them, the transmitting coupling module and the drill collar short section near the drill bit, the power drill, the drill collar short section on the power drill, and the receiving coupling module form a two-stage transformer coupling circuit to complete the transmission of data from the transmitter to the receiver, and finally decode it through the receiving processing circuit module and transmit it to the measurement while drilling system, and then transmit it to the ground guidance orientation and geological guidance. This patent adopts two-stage transformer coupling, which has large signal attenuation and limited transmission distance. It is difficult to meet the data transmission requirements in deep wells or complex geological conditions, and is not suitable for different application scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0003] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for receiving and sending signals and electric energy for underground use, so as to solve the problem of strong signal attenuation due to the longer transmission distance during the reception and transmission of signals and electric energy used in the well.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a signal and electric energy receiving and sending device for underground use, comprising an inner shell and an electrification layer arranged on the outside of the inner shell, the inner side of the inner shell is provided with an electric energy processing module, an information module and an energy transmission module; the unstable electric energy generated by the electrification layer is transmitted to the electric energy processing module through the inner shell, and the stable electric energy output by the electric energy processing module is used to power the information module and the energy transmission module, the energy transmission module provides an alternating magnetic field to enable the electrification layer to generate electric energy, and the information module is used to receive and send signals.

[0005] In a preferred embodiment, the power generation layer includes a coil winding, and the alternating magnetic field provided by the energy transmission module causes the coil winding to generate an induced current for generating electrical energy.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, an isolation layer is provided on the inner side of the power generation layer, and the coil winding is wound on the outer side of the isolation layer, and the isolation layer is used to block the transfer of heat generated by the power generation layer.

[0007] In the preferred embodiment, the power processing module receives the unstable electric energy generated by the charge generation layer, obtains direct current with constant direction through a rectifier, uses a filter to smooth the output of stable direct current, and adjusts it through a voltage stabilizer so that the power processing module outputs stable electric energy.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, an etched circuit and a signal transmission channel are provided on the inner shell for transmitting electric energy or signals between the power generation layer, the power processing module, the information module and the energy transmission module.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the device further comprises a protective layer disposed on the outside, and the protective layer is used to protect the internal structure.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the information module includes a signal receiving unit for receiving a signal sent by the device at the next level;

[0011] A signal decoding unit, used to decode the received signal and restore the original data;

[0012] A data processing unit, used to combine the decoded data with the data generated at this level;

[0013] A signal encoding unit, used for encoding the processed data;

[0014] and a signal sending unit, used for sending the encoded signal to the device at the upper level.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the data generated at this level includes data on power generation by the power processing module and data on power consumption by the energy transmission module.

[0016] A method for using the underground signal and electric energy receiving and transmitting device, the method comprising:

[0017] S1. Obtaining a signal through a sensor provided at the drill bit, the signal being used to reflect the working condition of the drill bit;

[0018] S2. The device is set at different locations underground to form a signal transmission channel for transmitting signals from underground to the ground;

[0019] S3. The device receives a signal near the drill bit and transmits the signal to the upper level device through the information module;

[0020] S4. The signal is transmitted upward layer by layer until it reaches the receiving end on the ground, and the working status information of the drill bit is obtained to determine the working status of the drill bit.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, step S2 further includes:

[0022] S21. Using the signal attenuation model, obtaining the spacing distance between adjacent devices;

[0023] S22. Arrange the plurality of devices at intervals along the drill track to form a main channel for signal transmission at multiple levels;

[0024] S23. Arrange the devices of the same level on both sides of the main channel to form a plurality of branch channels extending from the main channel, and the branch channels and the main channel constitute a signal transmission channel.

[0025] The present invention provides a receiving and sending device and method for signals and electric energy used underground. The device includes an inner shell and an electric layer arranged outside the inner shell. The inner side of the inner shell is provided with an electric energy processing module, an information module and an energy transmission module; the unstable electric energy generated by the electric layer is transmitted to the electric energy processing module through the inner shell, and the stable electric energy output by the electric energy processing module is used to power the information module and the energy transmission module. The energy transmission module generates electric energy in the electric layer by providing an alternating magnetic field, and the information module is used to receive and send signals. The device can realize self-sustaining power supply through the coordinated work of the electric layer and the energy transmission module, without the need for an external power supply, and is suitable for use underground or in environments that are difficult to maintain; the electric energy processing module can convert unstable electric energy into stable electric energy, ensure the stable operation of the information module and the energy transmission module, improve the reliability of the system, thereby reducing the dependence on external power supply and maintenance, and reducing the maintenance cost of long-term use. The method transforms the long-distance transmission of the signal into short-distance multi-level transmission by deploying the device at multiple levels underground and using the information module to process and transmit the signal, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the signal during the long-distance transmission process and reducing signal attenuation and interference. At the same time, multiple devices can be flexibly arranged, suitable for different depths underground, and have a longer transmission distance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the power processing module, information module and energy transmission module of the device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an information module of the device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 is a method flow chart of the device of the present invention;

[0032] In the figure: power processing module 1; information module 2; isolation layer 3; power generation layer 4; protective layer 5; inner shell 6; energy transmission module 7; coil winding 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Embodiment 1:

[0034] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a signal and electric energy receiving and transmitting device for underground use includes an inner shell 6 and an electrogenic layer 4 arranged on the outside of the inner shell 6, and an electric energy processing module 1, an information module 2 and an energy transmission module 7 are arranged on the inner side of the inner shell 6; the unstable electric energy generated by the electrogenic layer 4 is transmitted to the electric energy processing module 1 through the inner shell 6, and the stable electric energy output by the electric energy processing module 1 is used to power the information module 2 and the energy transmission module 7. The energy transmission module 7 provides an alternating magnetic field to enable the electrogenic layer 4 to generate electric energy, and the information module 2 is used to receive and send signals.

[0035] According to this structure, the inner shell 6 of the device is the carrier of the internal components, which has the function of protection and support. The electrogenic layer 4 is located on the outside of the inner shell 6, and is used to output unstable electric energy. After being processed by the electric energy processing module 1, the output stable electric energy is provided to the information module 2 and the energy transmission module 7 for power supply; the energy transmission module 7 promotes the electrogenic layer 4 to continuously generate electric energy by providing an alternating magnetic field, realizes the recycling of energy, and improves the efficiency of energy utilization; the information module 2 receives the signal from the device of the next level, and the signal generated by the device itself, and sends it to the device of the previous level to realize the upward transmission between signals. The electrogenic layer 4 continuously generates electric energy under the action of the alternating magnetic field, and the electric energy processing module 1 continuously outputs stable electric energy, so that the information module 2 and the energy transmission module 7 continue to work, forming a cycle of receiving and sending signals and electric energy. Through the coordinated work of the electricity generating layer 4 and the energy transmission module 7, the device can achieve self-sustaining power supply without the need for an external power source, and is suitable for use underground or in environments that are difficult to maintain; the power processing module 1 can convert unstable power into stable power, ensuring the stable operation of the information module 2 and the energy transmission module 7, improving the reliability of the system, thereby reducing dependence on external power sources and maintenance, and reducing the maintenance cost for long-term use.

[0036] In the preferred embodiment, the electrogenic layer 4 includes a coil winding 8, and the alternating magnetic field provided by the energy transmission module 7 causes the coil winding 8 to generate an induced current for generating electrical energy. With this structure, the coil winding 8 is made of a conductive material, and the energy transmission module 7 provides an alternating magnetic field that passes through the coil winding 8 of the electrogenic layer 4; according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, when the magnetic flux passing through the coil winding 8 changes, an induced current, i.e., unstable alternating current, will be generated in the coil winding 8, thereby generating unstable electrical energy. The unstable electrical energy generated by the electrogenic layer 4 is processed and used to power the energy transmission module 7, which converts it into magnetic field energy, and the magnetic field energy is converted into electrical energy by the electrogenic layer 4, thereby forming an energy cycle.

[0037] In the preferred embodiment, an isolation layer 3 is provided on the inner side of the electrogenic layer 4, and the coil winding 8 is wound on the outer side of the isolation layer 3, and the isolation layer 3 is used to block the transfer of heat generated by the electrogenic layer 4. With this structure, the electrogenic layer 4 generates heat and an induced magnetic field due to the eddy current phenomenon. The isolation layer 3 is used to block the transfer of heat, and at the same time, the influence of the magnetic field on other electrical components in the device can be reduced. The coil winding 8 is arranged in a specific manner, so that when the device is in any placement state, an induced current will be generated in the coil winding 8, which not only achieves effective heat isolation, but also optimizes the power conversion and transmission efficiency, and improves the overall performance of the device. Preferably, the coil winding 8 is arranged in a ring shape, one end of the coil winding 8 is fixed at the starting position of the isolation layer 3, and is evenly wound along the circumferential direction of the isolation layer 3 until it is completely wrapped around the isolation layer 3, and the other end of the coil winding 8 is fixed to form a ring structure.

[0038] In the preferred embodiment, the power processing module 1 receives the unstable electric energy generated by the charge generating layer 4, obtains direct current with constant direction through a rectifier, uses a filter to smooth the output of stable direct current, and adjusts it through a voltage stabilizer so that the power processing module 1 outputs stable electric energy. With this structure, the unstable electric energy generated by the charge generating layer 4 is rectified, filtered and voltage stabilized by the power processing module 1, and a stable direct current is output to obtain stable electric energy. The positive and negative half cycles of the alternating current are respectively turned on by a rectifier so that the current always flows in one direction, converting the alternating current into direct current; there are fluctuations in the rectified direct current, and a filter is used to reduce the fluctuations in the direct current; according to the input voltage and load changes, the output voltage is automatically adjusted by a voltage stabilizer to keep it stable. Preferably, the power processing module 1 also includes a battery for storing electric energy for subsequent use.

[0039] In the preferred embodiment, an etched circuit and a signal transmission channel are provided on the inner shell 6, which are used for power or signal transmission between the power generation layer 4, the power processing module 1, the information module 2 and the energy transmission module 7. With this structure, the unstable power generated by the power generation layer 4 is transmitted to the power processing module 1 through the etched circuit on the inner shell 6, and the stable power processed by the power processing module 1 is transmitted to the information module 2 and the energy transmission module 7 for energy supply; the signals generated by the energy transmission module 7 and the power processing module 1 are transmitted to the information module 2 through the signal transmission channel on the inner shell 6. Preferably, the etched circuit on the inner shell 6 is a conductive path formed on the shell surface using micromachining technology.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the device further comprises a protective layer 5 disposed on the outside, and the protective layer 5 is used to protect the internal structure. With this structure, the device is approximately a spherical structure, and the protective layer 5 adopts a multi-layer composite structure, with an outer layer of hard material and an inner layer of buffer material to prevent damage by external forces and ensure the stable operation of the internal structural components of the device.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the information module 2 includes a signal receiving unit for receiving a signal sent by the device at the next level; a signal decoding unit for decoding the received signal and restoring the original data; a data processing unit for merging the decoded data with the data generated by itself; a signal encoding unit for encoding the processed data; and a signal sending unit for sending the encoded signal to the device at the previous level. Preferably, the data generated by itself includes data on the power generated by the power processing module 1 and data on the power consumed by the energy transmission module 7. With this structure, the information module 2 obtains the amount of power generated by the power processing module 1 and the amount of power consumed by the energy transmission module 7, and converts them into corresponding data.

[0042] Embodiment 2:

[0043] Further illustrate with reference to Example 1, Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a method for using the signal and electric energy receiving and transmitting device used underground, the method comprising:

[0044] S1. Obtaining a signal through a sensor provided at the drill bit, the signal being used to reflect the working condition of the drill bit;

[0045] S2. The device is set at different locations underground to form a signal transmission channel for transmitting signals from underground to the ground;

[0046] S3. The device receives a signal near the drill bit and transmits the signal to the upper level device through the information module 2;

[0047] S4. The signal is transmitted upward layer by layer until it reaches the receiving end on the ground, and the working status information of the drill bit is obtained to determine the working status of the drill bit.

[0048] According to this scheme, in the drilling operation, in this embodiment, a sensor is installed at the drill bit to obtain signals of the working condition of the drill bit, including the rotation speed, torque, temperature and vibration data of the drill bit. A plurality of the devices are arranged vertically underground at intervals in sequence according to the underground layers of different depths to form a signal transmission channel from underground to the ground. The device close to the drill bit first receives the signal sent by the drill bit sensor, and receives the signal sent by the drill bit sensor and the signal generated by the device through the information module 2 provided in the device at this level, and transmits the signal to the device at the adjacent upper level. The device at the upper level receives the signal from the device at the lower level, and then sends the signal to the device at the adjacent upper level through the information module 2 of the device at this level, thereby transmitting the signal upward level by level until the signal is transmitted to the receiving end on the ground, and the receiving end on the ground processes and analyzes the signal to obtain the working condition information of the drill bit.

[0049] This method realizes real-time monitoring and efficient management of the working condition of the drill bit by deploying multiple levels of signal and electric energy receiving and transmitting devices underground and using the information module 2 of the device to process and transmit the signal. By acquiring and transmitting the signal sent by the drill bit sensor in real time, it is helpful to understand the working condition of the drill bit in a timely manner, and to make adjustments and decisions quickly. The long-distance transmission of the signal is changed into short-distance multi-level transmission, which ensures the stability and reliability of the signal during the long-distance transmission process and reduces signal attenuation and interference. At the same time, multiple devices are flexibly arranged, suitable for underground at different depths, and the transmission distance is longer.

[0050] Embodiment 3:

[0051] In combination with Example 2, the method of using the underground signal and electric energy receiving and sending device is further described. In a preferred embodiment, step S2 further includes:

[0052] S21. According to the characteristics of the underground environment, using the signal attenuation model, the interval distance between adjacent devices is obtained;

[0053] Combined with the empirical model of signal attenuation, an iterative method is used to calculate the maximum transmission distance R of a single device that can transmit reliable signals in a specific underground environment. max :

[0054] The empirical model of signal attenuation is: A max =A0+n×10log 10 (R max )+α×R max ,

[0055] Among them, A max is the maximum signal attenuation, A0 is the initial attenuation, n is the loss exponent, and R max is the maximum transmission distance;

[0056] The spacing distance d between adjacent devices is less than the maximum transmission distance R of the signal max , then the spacing distance is d = k×R max , where k is a safety factor, and the value range is 0 < k < 1; preferably, k = 0.5, and the spacing distance d is set to half of the maximum transmission distance R max to ensure the redundancy and reliability of the signal.

[0057] S22. Arrange the multiple devices at intervals along the drill bit trajectory according to the spacing distance to form a main channel for signal transmission with multiple levels;

[0058] The spacing distance between each level is d, that is, the spacing distance between adjacent devices located above and below the main channel is d. According to the underground depth D, the number of devices in the main channel is obtained Among them, is rounded up.

[0059] S23. Arrange the devices of the same level on both sides of the main channel respectively to form several branch channels extending from the main channel. The branch channels and the main channel constitute a signal transmission channel;

[0060] Set branch channels in areas with large signal attenuation. The spacing distance between the devices located in the branch channels is d. Combining the number N of the devices in the main channel main , the total number of the devices during the drilling process is N = N main + 2i, where i is the number of branch channels.

[0061] With this solution, according to the actual underground environment, according to the signal attenuation model, the maximum distance that a single device can reliably transmit a signal is obtained, so as to determine the spacing distance between adjacent devices. Combining the underground depth and the spacing distance, the total number of the required devices is obtained. Preferably, in the area where branch channels are provided, the devices on the main channel receive the signals sent by the devices on the main channel of the next lower level and the signals generated by this device, and send the signals to the devices on the adjacent upper level main channel or branch channels; according to the same spacing distance, branch channels of the same level are set on both sides of the main channel. The devices on the branch channels receive the signals sent by the devices on the next lower level branch channels or the main channel, and combine the signals generated by this device to transmit the signals to the devices on the adjacent upper level branch channels or the main channel, so as to further ensure the reliable transmission of signals in the underground environment and avoid signal loss.

[0062] The above embodiments are only preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for receiving and transmitting signals and electric energy for underground use, characterized in that: The invention comprises an inner shell (6) and an electrogenic layer (4) arranged on the outer side of the inner shell (6); an electric energy processing module (1), an information module (2) and an energy transmission module (7) are arranged on the inner side of the inner shell (6); unstable electric energy generated by the electrogenic layer (4) is transmitted to the electric energy processing module (1) through the inner shell (6); the stable electric energy output by the electric energy processing module (1) is used to supply power to the information module (2) and the energy transmission module (7); the energy transmission module (7) enables the electrogenic layer (4) to generate electric energy by providing an alternating magnetic field; and the information module (2) is used to receive and send signals.

2. The device for receiving and transmitting signals and electric energy for underground use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electricity generating layer (4) comprises a coil winding (8), and the alternating magnetic field provided by the energy transmission module (7) causes the coil winding (8) to generate an induced current for generating electric energy.

3. The device for receiving and transmitting signals and electric energy for underground use according to claim 2, characterized in that: An isolation layer (3) is provided on the inner side of the electricity generating layer (4), and the coil winding (8) is wound on the outer side of the isolation layer (3). The isolation layer (3) is used to block the transfer of heat generated by the electricity generating layer (4).

4. The device for receiving and transmitting signals and electric energy for underground use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric energy processing module (1) receives unstable electric energy generated by the electrogenic layer (4), obtains direct current with a constant direction through a rectifier, uses a filter to smooth and output stable direct current, and adjusts it through a voltage stabilizer so that the electric energy processing module (1) outputs stable electric energy.

5. The device for receiving and transmitting signals and electric energy for underground use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner shell (6) is provided with an etching circuit and a signal transmission channel for transmitting electric energy or signals between the power generation layer (4), the electric energy processing module (1), the information module (2) and the energy transmission module (7).

6. The device for receiving and transmitting signals and electric energy for underground use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device further comprises a protective layer (5) arranged on the outside, and the protective layer (5) is used to protect the internal structure.

7. The device for receiving and transmitting signals and electric energy for underground use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The information module (2) comprises a signal receiving unit, which is used to receive a signal sent by the device at the next level; A signal decoding unit, used to decode the received signal and restore the original data; A data processing unit, used for combining the decoded data with the data generated by itself; A signal encoding unit, used for encoding the processed data; and a signal sending unit, used for sending the encoded signal to the device at the upper level.

8. The device for receiving and transmitting signals and electric energy for underground use according to claim 7, characterized in that: The self-generated data includes data on the electric energy generated by the electric energy processing module (1) and data on the electric energy consumed by the energy transmission module (7).

9. A method using the device for receiving and transmitting signals and electric energy for underground use as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method includes: S1. Obtaining a signal through a sensor provided at the drill bit, the signal being used to reflect the working condition of the drill bit; S2. The device is set at different locations underground to form a signal transmission channel for transmitting signals from underground to the ground; S3. The device near the drill bit receives a signal and transmits the signal to the device at the upper level through the information module (2); S4. The signal is transmitted upward layer by layer until it reaches the receiving end on the ground, and the working status information of the drill bit is obtained to determine the working status of the drill bit.

10. The method of receiving and transmitting signals and electric energy used underground according to claim 9, characterized in that: Step S2 also includes: S21. Using the signal attenuation model, obtaining the spacing distance between adjacent devices; S22. Arrange the plurality of devices at intervals along the drill track to form a main channel for signal transmission at multiple levels; S23. Arrange the devices of the same level on both sides of the main channel to form a plurality of branch channels extending from the main channel, and the branch channels and the main channel constitute a signal transmission channel.

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