A heat exchanger suitable for harsh operating conditions and a method of using the same

Abstract

The application discloses a heat exchanger suitable for severe working conditions and a use method thereof. The heat exchanger comprises an outer shell body, heat fluid inlets and outlets arranged at two ends of the outer shell body, and fixed heat exchange units and movable heat exchange units staggered in the outer shell body. The fixed heat exchange unit comprises fixed liquid passing pipes and fixed heat exchange pipes arranged between the two fixed liquid passing pipes. The movable heat exchange unit comprises movable liquid passing pipes and movable heat exchange pipes arranged between the two movable liquid passing pipes. The outer shell body of the heat exchanger is provided with a lifting assembly which can move the movable heat exchange units up and down, so that the positions of the fixed heat exchange pipes and the movable heat exchange pipes on the fixed liquid passing pipes and the movable liquid passing pipes are staggered up and down. When the fixed heat exchange pipes and the movable heat exchange pipes are flush and opposite to each other, the flowability of the heat exchanger can be improved, and the heat exchanger can be prevented from being blocked. When the positions of the fixed heat exchange pipes and the movable heat exchange pipes are staggered up and down, the heat exchange work can be more sufficient, and the heat exchange effect can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of heat exchanger equipment, specifically relating to a heat exchanger suitable for harsh operating conditions and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] A heat exchanger, also known as a heat exchanger, is an energy-saving device that enables heat transfer between two or more fluids at different temperatures. It plays a vital role in chemical, petroleum, power, food, and many other industrial production processes. Its main function is to ensure that the process requires a specific temperature for the medium. Through convection and heat conduction, heat is transferred from the higher-temperature fluid to the lower-temperature fluid, thereby bringing the fluid temperature to the specified parameters to meet the process requirements.

[0003] Currently, there are many types of heat exchangers on the market. However, these conventional heat exchangers often fail to function properly under harsh operating conditions. For example, most heat exchangers have fixed internal heat exchange pipe structures with small gaps, which allows for normal liquid flow heat exchange. However, for heat exchange with hot fluids containing a large amount of impurities, these fixed heat exchange pipe structures are easily blocked, thus affecting the normal flow of the hot fluid. Therefore, there is a need to propose a heat exchanger suitable for harsh operating conditions to solve the problem of easy clogging caused by high levels of impurities in the hot fluid. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a heat exchanger suitable for harsh operating conditions and its usage method, which can effectively solve the problem of easy clogging caused by the high content of impurities in the hot fluid in existing heat exchangers.

[0005] The technical solution to the technical problem solved in this application is as follows:

[0006] According to one aspect of this application, a heat exchanger suitable for harsh operating conditions is provided, which includes an outer shell, a plurality of fixed heat exchange units, a plurality of movable heat exchange units, and a lifting assembly.

[0007] The outer casing is configured with a hot fluid inlet and a hot fluid outlet at its two ends, respectively.

[0008] Each of the fixed heat exchange units includes two fixed liquid-passing pipes arranged opposite each other and a plurality of fixed heat exchange pipes evenly spaced and connected between the two fixed liquid-passing pipes. A first cold fluid inlet and a first cold fluid outlet are respectively connected to the two fixed liquid-passing pipes.

[0009] Each of the movable heat exchange units includes two movable liquid passage pipes arranged opposite each other and a plurality of movable heat exchange pipes evenly spaced and connected between the two movable liquid passage pipes. The two movable liquid passage pipes are respectively connected to a second cold fluid inlet and a second cold fluid outlet at the same side ends. Movable sleeves are respectively provided on the outer side of the movable liquid passage pipe near the second cold fluid inlet or the second cold fluid outlet.

[0010] The lifting assembly includes a fixed connecting plate and a threaded rotating rod threadedly connected to the fixed connecting plate.

[0011] Wherein: each of the fixed heat exchange units and movable heat exchange units is arranged alternately inside the outer shell; each of the first cold fluid inlets and first cold fluid outlets passes through the outer shell and extends to the outside; each of the movable liquid passage pipes passes through the outer shell and is movably connected to it through a movable sleeve on its respective pipe body; both ends of the fixed connecting plate are fixedly connected to each of the movable sleeves on both sides; the bottom end of the threaded rotating rod is rotatably connected to the outer shell; when the threaded rotating rod is rotated forward or backward, each of the movable heat exchange units moves synchronously upward or downward through the fixed connecting plate.

[0012] Furthermore, a throttle handle is provided on the threaded rod.

[0013] Furthermore, a sealing ring is provided between each of the movable sleeves and the outer shell.

[0014] Furthermore, the fixed heat exchange tube is elliptical in shape, and the major diameter of each fixed heat exchange tube on each fixed heat exchange unit is horizontally arranged between two fixed liquid passage tubes.

[0015] According to another aspect of this application, a method of using a heat exchanger suitable for harsh operating conditions is provided, comprising:

[0016] The heat exchanger described in the above technical solution has its hot fluid inlet and hot fluid outlet connected to a hot fluid pipeline, so that the hot fluid enters and exits the outer shell from the hot fluid inlet and the hot fluid outlet, respectively.

[0017] Each of the first cold fluid inlets and first cold fluid outlets of the fixed heat exchange units and each of the second cold fluid inlets and second cold fluid outlets of the movable heat exchange units are respectively connected to cold fluid pipes. During the process of the cold fluid passing through each of the fixed liquid pipes, fixed heat exchange pipes, movable liquid pipes and movable heat exchange pipes, heat exchange occurs with the hot fluid inside the outer shell.

[0018] Based on the impurity content in the heat exchange fluid, the threaded rod in the lifting assembly is rotated in the forward or reverse direction, and the movable heat exchange tubes of each movable heat exchange unit are moved synchronously upward or downward through the fixed connecting plate. The staggered gap position of each fixed heat exchange tube in the adjacent fixed heat exchange unit and each movable heat exchange tube in the movable heat exchange unit is adjusted to ensure the normal flow of the heat exchange fluid inside the shell.

[0019] According to another aspect of this application, a heat exchanger suitable for harsh operating conditions is provided. Based on the heat exchanger structure described in the above technical solution, it further includes: the movable heat exchange tube is elliptical in shape, with both ends connected to two movable liquid-passing pipes via rotary joints; gears are fixedly installed on one or both ends of the movable heat exchange tube; a drive assembly for driving the movable heat exchange tube to rotate forward or backward is connected to the outside of the gears; the upper end of the drive assembly penetrates the movable sleeve and is located outside the outer shell; the drive assembly includes a connecting rod, a bolt, and multiple racks. The connecting rod is located on the upper side of each of the movable sleeves. The upper part of the bolt is rotatably connected to the connecting rod through a bearing. The lower end of the bolt is threadedly connected to one of the movable sleeves. The upper end of each rack passes through each of the movable sleeves and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting rod. The lower end is located in the outer shell and meshes with the gears at the ends of each of the movable heat exchange tubes. When the bolt is rotated in the forward or reverse direction, the bolt is screwed into or out of the movable sleeve. The connecting rod drives the rack to move forward and backward, and the gears meshing with the rack drive each of the movable heat exchange tubes to rotate.

[0020] According to another aspect of this application, a method of using a heat exchanger suitable for harsh operating conditions is provided, comprising:

[0021] The heat exchanger described in the above technical solution has its hot fluid inlet and hot fluid outlet connected to a hot fluid pipeline, so that the hot fluid enters and exits the outer shell from the hot fluid inlet and the hot fluid outlet, respectively.

[0022] Each of the first cold fluid inlets and first cold fluid outlets of the fixed heat exchange units and each of the second cold fluid inlets and second cold fluid outlets of the movable heat exchange units are respectively connected to cold fluid pipes. During the process of the cold fluid passing through each of the fixed liquid pipes, fixed heat exchange pipes, movable liquid pipes and movable heat exchange pipes, heat exchange occurs with the hot fluid inside the outer shell.

[0023] Based on the impurity content in the heat exchange fluid, the threaded rod in the lifting assembly is rotated in the forward or reverse direction, and the movable heat exchange tubes of each movable heat exchange unit are moved synchronously upward or downward through the fixed connecting plate. The staggered gap position of each fixed heat exchange tube in the adjacent fixed heat exchange unit and each movable heat exchange tube in the movable heat exchange unit is adjusted to ensure the normal flow of the heat exchange fluid inside the shell.

[0024] Depending on the impurity content in the heat fluid, the bolts are screwed into or out of the movable sleeve by rotating them in the forward or reverse direction. The connecting rod drives the rack to move forward and backward, and the gears meshing with the rack drive the movable heat exchange tubes to rotate, changing the position of the large diameter of the elliptical movable heat exchange tubes and ensuring the normal flow of the heat fluid inside the outer shell.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the heat exchanger and its usage method suitable for harsh operating conditions described in this application have the following advantages:

[0026] (1) The heat exchanger described in this application is provided with multiple staggered fixed heat exchange units and movable heat exchange units, as well as lifting components connected to each movable heat exchange unit, so that the position of each movable heat exchange tube of each movable heat exchange unit can be raised and lowered. In this way, the staggered position of each fixed heat exchange tube and movable heat exchange tube on adjacent fixed heat exchange units and movable heat exchange units can be adjusted according to the impurity content of the hot fluid: when the impurity content of the hot fluid is high, the movable heat exchange tube between the movable liquid passage pipes and the fixed heat exchange tube between the fixed liquid passage pipes are aligned with each other by the lifting components, which can increase the flow of the heat exchanger and prevent the heat exchanger from being blocked; when the impurity content of the hot fluid is low, the movable heat exchange tube between the movable liquid passage pipes and the fixed heat exchange tube between the fixed liquid passage pipes are staggered vertically by the lifting components, which can make the heat exchange work more complete and improve the heat exchange effect.

[0027] (2) In this application, by installing a rotary joint and gear on the movable heat exchange tube, the movable heat exchange tube can be driven to rotate by the rack in the drive assembly, so as to change the working state of the movable heat exchange tube, so that the large diameter of the movable heat exchange tube is in a horizontal state to increase the liquid flow, or so that the large diameter of the movable heat exchange tube is in a vertical state to ensure more comprehensive contact with the liquid and improve the heat exchange efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the outer shell of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed and movable liquid passage pipes of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the movable sleeve of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drive component structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a top-section structural diagram of the connection between the movable heat exchange tube and the movable liquid passage tube of the present invention.

[0034] In the diagram: 1. Outer shell; 2. Hot fluid inlet; 3. Hot fluid outlet; 4. Fixed liquid passage pipe; 5. First cold fluid inlet; 6. First cold fluid outlet; 7. Fixed heat exchange tube; 8. Movable liquid passage pipe; 9. Second cold fluid inlet; 10. Second cold fluid outlet; 11. Movable heat exchange tube; 12. Movable sleeve; 13. Sealing ring; 14. Fixed connecting plate; 15. Rotary handle; 16. Connecting rod; 17. Bolt; 18. Rack; 19. Rotary joint; 20. Gear; 21. Threaded rotating rod. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein should have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "back" used in the specification and claims of this patent application are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship also changes accordingly. Words such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Anything not detailed in this application is common knowledge to those skilled in the art.

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] As attached Figure 1-6 As shown, this application provides a heat exchanger suitable for harsh working conditions, which includes an outer shell 1, multiple fixed heat exchange units, multiple movable heat exchange units, and a lifting assembly.

[0038] The outer shell 1 is the shell of the entire heat exchanger. Its two ends are respectively set as hot fluid inlet 2 and hot fluid outlet 3, which are used to connect to hot fluid pipes to obtain hot fluid at a higher temperature, so that the hot fluid enters the outer shell 1 from the hot fluid inlet 2 and is discharged from the hot fluid outlet 3.

[0039] Each fixed heat exchange unit includes two fixed liquid pipes 4 arranged opposite each other and a plurality of fixed heat exchange pipes 7 evenly spaced between the two fixed liquid pipes 4. One fixed liquid pipe 4 is connected to a first cold fluid inlet 5, and the other fixed liquid pipe 4 is connected to a first cold fluid outlet 6. The first cold fluid inlet 5 and the first cold fluid outlet 6 are used to connect to the cold fluid pipeline so that the cold fluid is sent in to exchange heat with the hot fluid in the outer shell 1.

[0040] Each movable heat exchange unit includes two movable liquid pipes 8 arranged opposite each other and a plurality of movable heat exchange tubes 11 evenly spaced between the two movable liquid pipes 8. The two movable liquid pipes 8 are respectively connected to a second cold fluid inlet 9 and a second cold fluid outlet 10 at the same side end. Movable sleeves 12 are respectively provided on the outside of the movable liquid pipe 8 near the second cold fluid inlet 9 or the second cold fluid outlet 10. The second cold fluid inlet 9 and the second cold fluid outlet 10 are connected to cold fluid pipes so that cold fluid can be sent in to exchange heat with the hot fluid in the outer shell 1.

[0041] The lifting assembly includes a fixed connecting plate 14 and a threaded rotating rod 21 threadedly connected to the fixed connecting plate 14.

[0042] The fixed heat exchange units and movable heat exchange units are evenly spaced and staggered inside the outer shell 1. The first cold fluid inlet 5 and the first cold fluid outlet 6 of each fixed heat exchange unit pass through the outer shell 1 and extend to the outside. The movable liquid passage pipe 8 of each movable heat exchange unit passes through the outer shell 1 and is movably connected to it through the movable sleeve 12 on its respective pipe body. The two ends of the fixed connecting plate 14 are fixedly connected to the movable sleeves 12 on both sides. The bottom end of the threaded rotating rod 21 is rotatably connected to the outer shell 1. When the threaded rotating rod 21 is rotated in the forward or reverse direction, the fixed connecting plate 14 drives each movable heat exchange unit to move synchronously upward or downward, thereby adjusting the staggered position between the movable heat exchange tubes and fixed heat exchange tubes of adjacent movable heat exchange units and fixed heat exchange units.

[0043] In this embodiment, a handle 15 is provided on the threaded rotating rod 21 to facilitate its rotation.

[0044] In this embodiment, a sealing ring 13 is provided between each movable sleeve 12 and the outer shell 1. The design of the sealing ring 13 can ensure that the movable liquid passage tube 8 can move up and down, and can also prevent fluid leakage at the connection between the outer shell 1 and the movable sleeve 12.

[0045] In this embodiment, the fixed heat exchange tube 7 is elliptical in shape. The major diameter of each fixed heat exchange tube 7 between the two fixed liquid pipes 4 on each fixed heat exchange unit is horizontally arranged. This reduces the obstruction to the flow of hot fluid, increases the contact surface between the fixed heat exchange tube 7 and the hot fluid, and improves the heat exchange effect.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] like Figure 1-6 As shown, this application provides a method for using a heat exchanger suitable for harsh operating conditions, which includes:

[0048] The heat exchanger in Example 1 is connected to a heat fluid pipe through a heat fluid inlet 2 and a heat fluid outlet 3, respectively, so that the heat fluid enters and exits the outer casing 1 from the heat fluid inlet 2 and the heat fluid outlet 3, respectively.

[0049] Each first cold fluid inlet 5 and first cold fluid outlet 6 of each fixed heat exchange unit, and each second cold fluid inlet 9 and second cold fluid outlet 10 of each movable heat exchange unit are connected to a cold fluid pipe. During the process of the cold fluid passing through each fixed liquid pipe 4, fixed heat exchange pipe 7, movable liquid pipe 8 and movable heat exchange pipe 11, heat exchange occurs with the hot fluid inside the outer shell 1.

[0050] Depending on the impurity content in the heat exchange fluid, the threaded rotating rod 21 in the lifting assembly is rotated in the forward or reverse direction, and the movable heat exchange tubes 11 of each movable heat exchange unit are moved synchronously upward or downward through the fixed connecting plate 14. This adjusts the staggered gap position of each fixed heat exchange tube 7 in the adjacent fixed heat exchange unit and each movable heat exchange tube 11 in the movable heat exchange unit, ensuring the normal flow of the heat exchange fluid inside the outer shell 1.

[0051] Under normal operating conditions, the fixed heat exchange tubes 7 on the fixed liquid passage pipe 4 and the movable heat exchange tubes 11 on the movable liquid passage pipe 8 are arranged horizontally and vertically in an alternating manner. This allows the hot fluid flowing inside the outer shell 1 to have more sufficient contact with the fixed heat exchange tubes 7 and the movable heat exchange tubes 11, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0052] When the heat exchanger contains a large amount of impurities, the heat exchanger operates poorly. If the fixed heat exchange tubes 7 and movable heat exchange tubes 11 are arranged as they would under normal operating conditions, the impurities in the heat exchanger can easily clog the gap between them, affecting the normal flow of the heat exchanger. Therefore, by rotating the handle 15, the position of the movable sleeve 12 on the outer shell 1 can be adjusted up and down via the fixed connecting plate 14, which in turn moves the positions of the movable liquid passage pipes 8 up and down, thereby changing the working position of each movable heat exchange tube 11. This allows each movable heat exchange tube 11 to be aligned with each fixed heat exchange tube 7, effectively reducing the obstruction of the heat exchanger flow by the fixed heat exchange tubes 7 and movable heat exchange tubes 11, and ensuring normal heat exchange operation.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] Based on the heat exchanger structure in Embodiment 1, a heat exchanger suitable for harsh operating conditions is provided. The movable heat exchange tube 11 is elliptical in shape. Both ends of each movable heat exchange tube 11 are connected to two movable liquid passage pipes 8 via rotary joints 19. Gears 20 are fixedly installed on one or both ends of the movable heat exchange tube 11. A drive assembly for driving the movable heat exchange tube 11 to rotate forward or backward is connected to the outside of the gears 20. The upper end of the drive assembly passes through the movable sleeve 12 and is located outside the outer shell 1. The drive assembly includes a connecting rod 16, a bolt 17, and multiple racks 18. The connecting rod 16 is located on the upper side of each movable sleeve 12. The upper part of bolt 17 is rotatably connected to connecting rod 16 via bearing, and the lower end of bolt 17 is threadedly connected to one of the movable sleeves 12. The upper ends of each rack 18 pass through each movable sleeve 12 and are fixedly connected to the bottom of connecting rod 16. The lower ends are located inside the outer shell 1 and mesh with the gears 20 at the ends of each movable heat exchange tube 11. When bolt 17 is rotated in the forward or reverse direction, bolt 17 is screwed into or out of movable sleeve 12, which drives rack 18 to move forward and backward through connecting rod 16. Through the gears 20 meshing with rack 18, each movable heat exchange tube 11 is driven to rotate, changing the state of the major diameter of the elliptical movable heat exchange tube 11.

[0055] Example 4

[0056] A method of using a heat exchanger suitable for harsh operating conditions, as described in Embodiment 3, further includes, in addition to the method of using the heat exchanger in Embodiment 2:

[0057] Depending on the specific impurity content in the hot fluid, the movable sleeve 12 is screwed in or out by rotating the bolt 17 in the forward or reverse direction. The position of the connecting rod 16 is adjusted up and down. The connecting rod 16 drives the rack 18 to move forward and backward. The gears 20 that mesh with the rack 18 drive the movable heat exchange tubes 11 to rotate, changing the position of the large diameter of the elliptical movable heat exchange tubes 11, thus ensuring the normal flow of the hot fluid inside the outer shell 1.

[0058] When the elliptical movable heat exchange tube 11 is placed horizontally, it can reduce the resistance to the hot fluid and increase the flow rate of the hot fluid. When the movable heat exchange tube 11 is placed vertically, it can block the flow of the hot fluid, ensuring more sufficient contact between the hot fluid and effectively improving the heat exchange efficiency. By adjusting the movable heat exchange tube 11 as described above, and by moving the movable liquid pipe 8 up and down, the heat exchanger can be adapted to different working conditions.

Claims

1. A heat exchanger suitable for harsh operating conditions, characterized in that, include: The outer shell (1) has a hot fluid inlet (2) and a hot fluid outlet (3) at its two ends, respectively. Multiple fixed heat exchange units, each of the fixed heat exchange units includes two fixed liquid pipes (4) arranged opposite to each other and multiple fixed heat exchange pipes (7) evenly spaced and connected between the two fixed liquid pipes (4), and a first cold fluid inlet (5) and a first cold fluid outlet (6) are respectively connected to the two fixed liquid pipes (4). Multiple movable heat exchange units, each of the movable heat exchange units includes two movable liquid passage pipes (8) arranged opposite to each other and multiple movable heat exchange pipes (11) evenly spaced and connected between the two movable liquid passage pipes (8). The two movable liquid passage pipes (8) are respectively connected to a second cold fluid inlet (9) and a second cold fluid outlet (10) at the same side ends. Movable sleeves (12) are respectively provided on the outer side of the movable liquid passage pipe (8) near the second cold fluid inlet (9) or the second cold fluid outlet (10). The lifting assembly includes a fixed connecting plate (14) and a threaded rotating rod (21) threadedly connected to the fixed connecting plate (14). Wherein: each of the fixed heat exchange units and the movable heat exchange units are arranged alternately on the inner side of the outer shell (1), each of the first cold fluid inlets (5) and the first cold fluid outlets (6) penetrate the outer shell (1) and extend to the outside, each of the movable liquid pipes (8) penetrates the outer shell (1) and is movably connected to it through the movable sleeves (12) on their respective pipe bodies, both ends of the fixed connecting plate (14) are fixedly connected to each of the movable sleeves (12) on both sides, and the bottom end of the threaded rotating rod (21) is rotatably connected to the outer shell (1). When the threaded rotating rod (21) is rotated in the forward or reverse direction, each of the movable heat exchange units moves synchronously upward or downward through the fixed connecting plate (14); The movable heat exchange tube (11) is elliptical in shape, and its two ends are connected to the two movable liquid passage tubes (8) through rotary joints (19). Gears (20) are fixedly installed on one or both ends of the movable heat exchange tube (11). A drive assembly for driving the movable heat exchange tube (11) to rotate forward or backward is connected to the outside of the gears (20). The upper end of the drive assembly passes through the movable sleeve (12) and is located outside the outer shell (1). The drive assembly includes a connecting rod (16), a bolt (17) and multiple racks (18). The connecting rod (16) is located on the upper side of each movable sleeve (12). The upper part of the bolt (17) is connected to the connecting rod (16) through a bearing. The bolt (17) is rotatably connected, with its lower end threaded to one of the movable sleeves (12). The upper ends of each rack (18) pass through each movable sleeve (12) and are fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting rod (16). The lower ends are located inside the outer shell (1) and mesh with the gears (20) at the ends of each movable heat exchange tube (11). When the bolt (17) is rotated in the forward or reverse direction, the bolt (17) is screwed into or out of the movable sleeve (12). The connecting rod (16) drives the rack (18) to move forward and backward, and the gears (20) meshing with the rack (18) drive each movable heat exchange tube (11) to rotate.

2. A heat exchanger suitable for harsh operating conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, A throttle (15) is provided on the threaded rod (21).

3. A heat exchanger suitable for harsh operating conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the movable sleeves (12) is provided with a sealing ring (13) between it and the outer shell (1).

4. A heat exchanger suitable for harsh operating conditions according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The fixed heat exchange tube (7) is elliptical in shape, and the major diameter of each fixed heat exchange tube (7) between the two fixed liquid pipes (4) on each fixed heat exchange unit is horizontal.

5. A method for using a heat exchanger suitable for harsh operating conditions, characterized in that, include: The heat exchanger of any one of claims 1-4 has its hot fluid inlet (2) and hot fluid outlet (3) connected to a hot fluid pipe, so that hot fluid enters and exits the outer shell (1) from the hot fluid inlet (2) and the hot fluid outlet (3), respectively. The first cold fluid inlet (5) and the first cold fluid outlet (6) of each of the fixed heat exchange units, as well as the second cold fluid inlet (9) and the second cold fluid outlet (10) of each of the movable heat exchange units, are respectively connected to cold fluid pipes. During the process of the cold fluid passing through each of the fixed liquid pipe (4), the fixed heat exchange pipe (7), the movable liquid pipe (8), and the movable heat exchange pipe (11), heat exchange occurs with the hot fluid inside the outer shell (1). According to the impurity content in the hot fluid, by rotating the threaded rod (21) in the lifting assembly in the forward or reverse direction, the movable heat exchange tubes (11) of each movable heat exchange unit are driven to move upward or downward synchronously through the fixed connecting plate (14), and the staggered gap position of each fixed heat exchange tube (7) in the adjacent fixed heat exchange unit and each movable heat exchange tube (11) in the movable heat exchange unit is adjusted to ensure the normal flow of hot fluid in the outer shell (1); Depending on the impurity content in the hot fluid, the bolt (17) is screwed into or out of the movable sleeve (12) by rotating it in the forward or reverse direction. The connecting rod (16) drives the rack (18) to move forward and backward, and the gears (20) meshing with the rack (18) drive the movable heat exchange tubes (11) to rotate, changing the position of the large diameter of the elliptical movable heat exchange tubes (11) to ensure the normal flow of the hot fluid inside the outer shell (1).

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