Apparatus and method for determining apparent density of low density powders

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of density detection device, and relates to a device and a method for measuring apparent density of low-density powder. The device comprises a bottle body, a cover body, a float, and a connecting assembly. The cover body is arranged at the bottle opening and detachably connected with the bottle body. The cover body is used for closing the bottle opening. The cover body is selected as a glass sheet, the glass sheet is in smooth contact with the bottle opening, and the interface between the glass sheet and the bottle opening has good air tightness. The float is a shell, and a scale is arranged on the side surface of the float. The connecting assembly is arranged between the float and the bottle body. The connecting assembly comprises a linear connecting piece. The first end of the connecting piece is connected with the float, and the other end is used for connecting with the bottom surface of the bottle body. The bottle body is used for containing a solvent and low-density powder. The bottle body is inverted and placed in water. The connecting piece connects the float with the bottle body. The float is used for measuring the buoyancy of the bottle body. The volume of the low-density powder is determined according to the buoyancy. The device can directly use water or kerosene as the solvent to measure the apparent density of the low-density powder. The device is simple in material selection, economical, and convenient.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of density detection device, and particularly relates to a device and method for measuring apparent density of low-density powder. BACKGROUND

[0002] The pycnometer is also called density bottle, which is a kind of precise glass instrument for measuring the density of liquid or solid. When measuring the density of powder materials (such as cement) in the laboratory, the pycnometer measurement or volumetric flask measurement method is usually used.

[0003] As shown in the formula (1), the principle of the pycnometer measurement or volumetric flask measurement method is to use the difference V2-V1 between the scale readings of the pycnometer before and after adding the powder as the absolute volume of the powder (without considering water absorption), and then the density at this temperature is obtained by conversion of the mass and temperature. Figure 4 The density of high-density powder is greater than that of the solvent, and the density of low-density powder is lower than that of the solvent. The commonly used solvent in the pycnometer is kerosene, but the traditional pycnometer measurement or volumetric flask measurement method can only measure the density of high-density powder with a density greater than kerosene. Once the density is lower than kerosene, the low-density powder will float above kerosene, as shown in the formula (2), and the volume of the low-density powder cannot be obtained by reading the difference between the scales, so the apparent density of the low-density powder cannot be measured.

[0004] Figure 5 In view of this, the present application provides a device and method for measuring the apparent density of low-density powder, which can measure the volume of low-density powder and determine the apparent density of low-density powder. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0006] The device for measuring the apparent density of low-density powder provided by the present application comprises a bottle body and a cover body, the bottle body is used to contain a solvent and low-density powder, the cover body is detachably connected with the bottle body, and the cover body is used to close the bottle opening of the bottle body, and further comprises:

[0007] The float is a shell, and the buoyancy of the float in water is greater than the total weight of the bottle body and the water filled in the bottle body.

[0008] The connecting assembly is arranged between the float and the bottle body, and the connecting assembly comprises a linear connecting piece, one end of the connecting piece is connected with the float, and the other end is used to connect with the bottom surface of the bottle body.

[0009] The connecting assembly is arranged between the float and the bottle body, and the connecting assembly comprises a linear connecting piece, one end of the connecting piece is connected with the float, and the other end is used to connect with the bottom surface of the bottle body.

[0010] ​Preferably, the connecting assembly further comprises a first ring, a second ring and a hook, the first ring is connected to the center of the bottom surface of the bottle body, the second ring is connected to the float, and the two ends of the connecting piece are connected with hooks, respectively used for connecting the first ring and the second ring.

[0011] Preferably, the bottom surface of the bottle body is externally provided with a groove, and the first ring is arranged in the groove.

[0012] Preferably, the float comprises a closed hollow shell, the shell is cylindrical, and the volume V of the float is in the range of: 浮

[0013] ρ 水 gV 浮 > m 总 g,

[0014] wherein, ρ 水 is the density of water, g is the gravitational acceleration constant, and m 总 is the total weight of the bottle body and the water filled in the bottle body.

[0015] Preferably, the float is provided with a scale, the scale is a height value, and the zero scale line of the float is arranged on one side close to the connecting piece.

[0016] The application further provides a method for measuring the apparent density of a low-density powder, comprising the following steps:

[0017] Filling a part of the solvent into the bottle body;

[0018] Filling the low-density powder into the bottle body until the low-density powder is flush with the bottle mouth, and shaking the bottle body until the air bubbles in the low-density powder are removed;

[0019] Sealing the bottle mouth with the cover, and placing the bottle body into the sink upside down, then removing the cover, and making the bottle body sink to the bottom of the sink with the low-density powder;

[0020] Measuring the resultant buoyancy force of the bottle body and the solvent and the low-density powder in the bottle body by using the float;

[0021] Determining the buoyancy of the low-density powder in water according to the resultant buoyancy force;

[0022] Determining the volume of the low-density powder according to the buoyancy of the low-density powder in water;

[0023] Determining the apparent density of the low-density powder according to the volume of the low-density powder and the mass of the low-density powder.

[0024] Preferably, the method for measuring the resultant buoyancy force F 合 of the bottle body and the solvent and the low-density powder in the bottle body by using the float comprises the following steps:​

[0025] Measure the radius r of the buoy;

[0026] Connect the buoy to the bottle using the connector, maintain balance, and read the scale h on the buoy.

[0027] The resultant buoyant force F acting on the bottle and the solvent and low-density powder inside is determined by the following formula. 合 :

[0028] F 合 =ρ 水 ghπr 2 ,

[0029] Where, ρ 水 ρ is the density of water; g is the gravitational acceleration constant; h is the buoy reading; r is the buoy radius.

[0030] Preferably, the method for determining the buoyancy of low-density powder in water includes the following steps:

[0031] Measure the volume of the bottle and record it as V. 瓶 ;

[0032] Fill the bottle with a portion of the solvent, put the cap on, and record the mass m1 at this point.

[0033] Fill the bottle with low-density powder until it is level with the bottle opening, remove air bubbles from the low-density powder, and record the mass m2 at this point.

[0034] The buoyancy F of low-density powder is determined by the following formula. 粉末 :

[0035] GF 粉末 -F 瓶体+溶剂 =F 合 ,

[0036] Where G is the total weight of the bottle, the solvent inside the bottle, and the powder inside the bottle, G = m²g; F 瓶体+溶剂 F is the buoyancy of the bottle and the solvent inside. 瓶体+溶剂 =ρ 水 gV 瓶 .

[0037] Preferably, the volume V of the low-density powder is determined according to the following formula. 粉 :

[0038] F 粉末 =ρ 水 gV 粉 ,

[0039] Among them, F 粉末 ρ represents the buoyancy of low-density powder in water. 水ρ is the density of water at the test temperature, g is the acceleration constant of gravity.

[0040] Preferably, the apparent density of the low-density powder is determined according to the following formula 粉 :

[0041] ρ 粉 = m / V 粉 ,

[0042] wherein m is the mass of the low-density powder, m = m2 - m1, m2 is the total mass of the solvent and the powder filled in the bottle, and m1 is the mass of the bottle and the solvent filled therein; V 粉 is the volume of the low-density powder.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the device and method for determining the apparent density of the low-density powder have the beneficial effects that:

[0044] By detachably connecting the cover to the bottle mouth of the bottle, and connecting the float to the bottom of the bottle, the buoyancy of the bottle and the solvent and the low-density powder filled therein is determined when the bottle is inverted in the solvent and the float is connected to the bottom surface of the bottle, and the volume of the low-density powder is determined according to the buoyancy, and the apparent density of the low-density powder is determined, the device has low cost, simple operation, and does not need to find a special solution with extremely low apparent density to be used as the solvent, and water or kerosene can be directly used as the solvent to determine the apparent density of the low-density powder, and the device is simple in material selection and economic and convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application.

[0046] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the zero scale line of the float of the present application.

[0047] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the determination method of the apparent density of the low-density powder of the present application.

[0048] Figure 4 It is a test diagram of the Lee's bottle method for determining the relative density of high-density powder of the prior art.

[0049] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the low-density powder floating above kerosene of the prior art.

[0050] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the high-precision density instrument of the prior art.

[0051] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0052] 1, cover, 2, bottom, 3, first ring, 4, scale, 5, float, 6, connecting piece, 7, second ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] It should be noted that in the description of the present application, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0054] The terms "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first" and "second" can include one or more of the features explicitly or implicitly. In the description of the present application, unless otherwise stated, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.

[0055] In addition, it should be noted that the connection relationship of the components not specifically mentioned in the present application is defaulted to be the prior art, as it does not involve the invention point and is generally applied in the prior art, so the structure connection relationship is not described in detail.

[0056] The subject of the present application relates to a device and method for measuring the apparent density of low-density powder. The Erlenmeyer flask, also known as the density flask, is a precision glass instrument used to measure the density of liquids or solids. When measuring the density of powdered materials such as cement in the laboratory, the Erlenmeyer flask method or the volumetric flask method is often used, such as Figure 4 The principle of this method is to use the difference between the Erlenmeyer flask scale readings before and after adding the powder V2-V1 as the absolute volume of the powder (without considering water absorption), and then convert it to the density at that temperature through its mass and temperature. The commonly used solvent in the Erlenmeyer flask is kerosene.

[0057] However, this method can only measure the density of high-density powder with a density greater than kerosene. Because once the density is lower than kerosene, the powder will float above the kerosene, and its volume cannot be obtained by reading the scale difference (such as Figure 5 ). At this time, only a solvent with a lower density than kerosene can be used to solve the problem, but there are few solutions in life with a density lower than kerosene, and it is not easy to obtain materials. Low-density powders such as microbeads are very common in actual engineering. Therefore, the traditional Erlenmeyer flask method has great limitations - there are many scenarios where low-density powders need to be measured, but the testing method is difficult to implement or even impossible to measure. Although high-precision instruments such as Figure 6 ) can measure the density of various materials well, they have the disadvantages of high cost, easy damage, and inconvenience in actual engineering applications.

[0058] Based on the above reasons, the present application provides a device and a method for determining the apparent density of low-density powder, so as to solve the technical problems mentioned above. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the structural schematic diagram of Figures 1 to 3

[0059] Example 1

[0060] A device for determining the apparent density of low-density powder, comprising a bottle body 8, a cover body 1, the cover body 1 being detachably connected with the bottle body 8, and the cover body 1 being used for closing the bottle mouth of the bottle body 8, characterized in that it further comprises a float 5 and a connecting assembly.

[0061] The cover body 1 can be selected as a glass sheet, which is in smooth contact with the bottle mouth, and the interface between the two has good air tightness.

[0062] The float 5 is a cylindrical shell, and the side surface of the float 5 is provided with a scale 4; the scale 4 is provided as a reverse scale, and the reason for being reverse is to facilitate reading of the float 5 during use. The buoyancy of the float 5 in water is greater than the total weight of the bottle body 8 and the bottle body 8 filled with water. The float 5 is used for determining the buoyancy of the bottle body 8, the solvent and the low-density powder in the bottle, and the apparent density of the low-density powder can be determined according to the buoyancy.

[0063] The connecting assembly is arranged between the float 5 and the bottle body 8, and the connecting assembly comprises a linear connecting piece 6, one end of the connecting piece 6 being connected with the float 5, and the other end being used for connecting with the bottom surface 2 of the bottle body 8.

[0064] The bottle body 8 is used for containing the solvent and the low-density powder, and the solvent can be selected as water or kerosene, etc. The bottle body 8 is inverted and placed in the solvent, the float 5 is connected with the bottle body 8 through the connecting piece 6, and the float 5 is used for determining the buoyancy of the bottle body 8 and the low-density powder, and the apparent density of the low-density powder can be determined according to the buoyancy.

[0065] In this embodiment, the float 5 comprises a closed hollow shell, and the shell is cylindrical. The buoyancy of the float 5 is greater than the combined weight of the bottle body 8 and the solvent filled in the bottle body 8. The scale 4 of the float 5 is a height value, and the zero scale line of the float 5 is arranged on one side close to the connecting piece 6.

[0066] Specifically, the float 5 comprises a closed hollow shell, and the shell is cylindrical. The volume V of the float 5 is greater than the combined volume of the bottle body 8 and the solvent filled in the bottle body 8. 浮 The range of V is:

[0067] ρ 水 gV 浮 > m 总 g,

[0068] wherein, ρ 水 is the density of water, g is the acceleration constant of gravity, and m 总 ​The total weight of bottle 8 and the water inside bottle 8.

[0069] To facilitate the disassembly and connection of the bottle body 8 and the buoy 5, the connecting assembly also includes a first ring 3, a second ring 7, and hooks. The first ring 3 is connected to the center of the bottom surface 2 of the bottle body 8, the second ring 7 is connected to the buoy 5, and hooks are attached to both ends of the connecting member 6. The hooks are used to connect the first ring 3 and the second ring 7, respectively. The first ring 3, the second ring 7, the hooks, and the connecting member 6 are relatively small in volume, and the total buoyancy and total weight of the connecting assembly can be ignored.

[0070] After removing the buoy 5, the bottom surface 2 of the bottle body 8 is made thick to facilitate upright placement. A groove is provided on the outside of the bottom surface 2 of the bottle body 8, and the first ring 3 is placed in the groove. The first ring 3 does not extend beyond the plane of the bottom surface 2, ensuring that the bottle body 8 can be placed and used normally.

[0071] The usage method of this embodiment

[0072] By detachably connecting a cap to the mouth of bottle 8 and attaching a float to the bottom of bottle 8, the solvent and low-density powder are placed inside bottle 8. Bottle 8 is then inverted in the solvent, and the float is connected to the bottom of bottle 8. The buoyancy force acting on bottle 8 and the solvent and low-density powder inside can be measured. Based on this buoyancy force, the volume of the low-density powder can be determined, and thus its apparent density. This device is low-cost, simple to operate, and eliminates the need for special solutions with extremely low apparent density. Water or kerosene can be used directly as solvents to determine the apparent density of low-density powders. It requires only that the solute is insoluble in the solvent, making it easy to obtain materials and economical.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] This embodiment, based on the apparatus proposed in Embodiment 1, provides a method for determining the apparent density of low-density powder, the method comprising the following steps:

[0075] S1. Place bottle 8 upright and fill it with about 4 / 5 of the solvent. The solvent can be water, kerosene, etc. In this embodiment, water is used as the solvent.

[0076] S2. Fill bottle 8 with low-density powder until it is level with the bottle opening, and shake bottle 8 until the air bubbles in the low-density powder are removed.

[0077] like Figure 3 As shown in (a), during the measurement process, low-density powder is filled into bottle 8 until it overflows the bottle opening. Then, a glass slide is moved laterally along the bottle opening to remove the powder that overflows the opening. Next, the glass slide is pressed firmly and the bottle is shaken to remove air bubbles from the powder. The above operation is then repeated one or two times.

[0078] S3, close the bottle mouth with the cover 1, and then put the bottle 8 upside down into the sink. After that, remove the cover 1, and the bottle 8 sinks to the bottom of the sink with the low-density powder.

[0079] As shown in Figure 3 (b), specifically, the cover 1 can use a glass sheet. During the measurement process, press the glass sheet, and then put the bottle mouth upside down in the sink. Release the glass sheet under water. At this time, because the apparent density of the powder is smaller than that of water, the powder will float to the bottom of the bottle. The buoyancy is not enough to make the bottle 8 float on the water surface, so the bottle 8 will sink to the bottom of the water with the powder. Figure 3

[0080] S4, use the float 5 to measure the resultant buoyancy of the bottle 8 and the water and low-density powder inside the bottle.

[0081] As shown in Figure 3 (c), connect the bottle 8 and the float 5 by the hook under water. At this time, the buoyancy of the float is greater than the weight of the bottle body, which will pull the bottle body upwards. Because the hook only transmits longitudinal tension, and does not transmit torque and horizontal component, whether the powder in the bottle is evenly accumulated or not will not make the float tilt, and the float will always keep balanced and vertical.

[0082] Measure the radius of the cylindrical float, and record it as r;

[0083] Connect the float and the bottle 8 with the connecting piece, and read the scale h on the float after keeping balance;

[0084] According to Archimedes' principle, the resultant buoyancy F of the bottle 8 and the water and low-density powder inside the bottle is determined by the following formula 合 :

[0085] F 合 = ρ 水 ghπr 2 ,

[0086] wherein ρ 水 is the density of water; g is the acceleration of gravity constant; h is the float reading; r is the float radius.

[0087] S5, determine the buoyancy of the low-density powder in water according to the resultant buoyancy. Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0088] Measure the volume of the bottle, and record the volume as V 瓶 ;

[0089] Fill the bottle 8 with water, cover it with the cover 1, and record the mass m1 at this time;

[0090] Fill the bottle 8 with low-density powder until it is flush with the bottle mouth, remove the air bubbles in the low-density powder, and record the mass m2 at this time; as Figure 3 ​(a) The bottom of the bottle 8 is an electronic scale.

[0091] According to the principle of resultant force:

[0092] Low-density powder gravity + bottle gravity + water gravity in bottle - low-density powder buoyancy - bottle buoyancy = buoyancy resultant force

[0093] The low-density powder buoyancy F is determined according to the following formula: 粉末 :

[0094] G-F 粉末 -F 瓶体+水 = F 合 ,

[0095] Where G is the low-density powder gravity + bottle gravity + water gravity in bottle, G = m2g; F 瓶体+水 is the buoyancy of the bottle 8 and the water in the bottle, F 瓶体+水 = ρ 水 gV 瓶 .

[0096] In the formula, ρ 水 is the density of water at test temperature T (g / cm 3 ), taken from Table B-1 in Appendix B of "Highway Engineering Aggregate Test Regulations" (JTGE42-2005).

[0097] S6, Determine the volume of the low-density powder according to the buoyancy of the low-density powder in water.

[0098] The volume V of the low-density powder is determined according to the following formula: 粉

[0099] F 粉末 = ρ 水 gV 粉 ,

[0100] Where F 粉末 is the buoyancy of the low-density powder in water, ρ 水 is the density of water at test temperature, and g is the acceleration of gravity constant.

[0101] S7, Determine the apparent density of the low-density powder according to the volume of the low-density powder and the mass of the low-density powder. Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0102] The mass m of the low-density powder is determined according to the following formula:

[0103] m = m2 - m1,

[0104] Where m2 is the total mass of water and powder in the bottle 8, and m1 is the mass of the bottle 8 and the water in it;

[0105] The apparent density ρ of the low-density powder is determined according to the following formula:​粉 :

[0106] p 粉 = m / V 粉 ,

[0107] where m is the mass of the low density powder and V 粉 is the volume of the low density powder.

[0108] The above disclosed are only the preferred embodiments of the present application, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto, and any changes made by those skilled in the art should fall within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A device for determining the apparent density of a low-density powder, comprising a bottle body (8), a cap (1) which is detachably connected to the bottle body (8), the cap (1) being intended to close the mouth of the bottle body (8), characterized in that, Also included are: a buoy (5) which is a cylindrical shell; a connecting assembly arranged between the buoy (5) and the bottle (8), the connecting assembly comprising a linear connecting member (6), one end of the connecting member (6) being connected to the buoy (5) and the other end being arranged to be connected to the bottom surface (2) of the bottle (8); the bottle (8) is arranged to contain a solvent and a low-density powder, the bottle (8) is arranged to be inverted in the solvent, the connecting member (6) connects the buoy (5) and the bottle (8), the buoy (5) is arranged to measure the buoyancy of the bottle (8) and the low-density powder, and the density of the low-density powder can be determined according to the buoyancy; the buoy (5) comprises a closed hollow shell, the shell is cylindrical, and the buoyancy of the buoy (5) is greater than the combined weight of the bottle (8) and the solvent contained therein; the buoy (5) is provided with a scale (4), the scale (4) is a height value, and the zero scale line of the buoy (5) is arranged to be at the height position of the liquid surface when the bottle (8) is completely immersed in the solvent with the buoy (5) connected by the connecting assembly; the determination method comprises the following steps: loading the solvent into the bottle (8); loading the low-density powder into the bottle (8) until it is flush with the bottle opening, and shaking the bottle (8) until the air bubbles in the low-density powder are removed; closing the bottle opening with the cover (1), inverting the bottle (8) into the solvent tank, and then removing the cover (1) to make the bottle (8) sink to the bottom of the solvent tank with the low-density powder; using the buoy (5) to measure the upward combined force on the bottle (8) and the solvent and low-density powder contained therein, the upward combined force being the pulling force of the connecting member (6) on the bottle (8) and the solvent and low-density powder contained therein; determining the buoyancy of the low-density powder in the solvent according to the upward combined force; determining the volume of the low-density powder according to the buoyancy of the low-density powder in the solvent; determining the apparent density of the low-density powder according to the volume of the low-density powder and the mass of the low-density powder.

2. Apparatus for determining the apparent density of a low density powder according to claim 1, characterised in that, The connecting assembly further comprises a first ring (3), a second ring (7), and two hooks, the first ring (3) is connected to the center of the bottom surface (2) of the bottle (8), the second ring (7) is connected to the buoy (5), and the two ends of the connecting member (6) are connected with hooks, respectively.

3. Apparatus for determining the apparent density of a low density powder according to claim 2, characterised in that, The bottom surface (2) of the bottle (8) is provided with a groove, and the first ring (3) is arranged in the groove.

4. The apparatus for determining the apparent density of a low density powder of claim 1, wherein, The upward resultant force on the bottle (8) and the solvent and low-density powder inside it is measured using the float (5) F 合 The method comprises the following steps: measuring the radius of the buoy (5) r ; The float (5) is connected to the bottle (8) by a connector (6) and the reading is taken from the scale on the float (5) after balancing h ; The resultant upward force on the bottle (8) and the solvent and low density powder inside is determined according to the formula F 合 : F 合 =ρ 溶剂 ghπr² ， wherein, ρ 溶剂 is the density of the solvent; g is the gravitational acceleration constant ；h is the buoy reading; r is the buoy radius.

5. Apparatus for determining the apparent density of a low density powder according to claim 4, characterised in that, The method for determining the buoyancy of the low-density powder in the solvent comprises the following steps: The volume of the measuring bottle body (8) is measured, and the volume is recorded as V 瓶 ; The bottle (8) is filled with solvent, the cap (1) is put on, and the weight at this time is recorded m 1; The bottle (8) is filled with low density powder until the level of the bottle mouth, the air bubbles in the low density powder are removed, and the weight at this time is recorded m 2; The low density powder buoyancy is determined according to the following formula F 粉末 : G - F 粉末 - F 瓶体+溶剂 = F 合 ， wherein, G is the total weight of the bottle (8) and the solvent in the bottle, the powder in the bottle, G = m 2 g;F 瓶体+溶剂 is the buoyancy of the bottle (8) and the solvent in the bottle, F 瓶体+溶剂 = ρ 溶剂 gV 瓶 .

6. Apparatus for determining the apparent density of a low density powder according to claim 5, characterised in that, The volume of the low density powder is determined according to the following formula V 粉 : F 粉末 = ρ 溶剂 gV 粉 ， wherein F 粉末 is the buoyancy of the low-density powder in the solvent, ρ 溶剂 is the density of the solvent at the test temperature, g is the constant of gravitational acceleration.

7. Apparatus for determining the apparent density of a low density powder according to claim 6, characterised in that, The apparent density of the low density powder is determined according to the following formula ρ 粉 : ρ 粉 =m / V 粉 ， wherein m M is the mass of the low-density powder, m=m 2- m 1, m 2 is the total mass of the solvent and the powder contained in the bottle (8), m 1 is the mass of the bottle (8) and the solvent contained therein; V 粉 V is the volume of the low-density powder.

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