Circuit design capable of supporting mixed passing of various batteries with different voltages

Abstract

The invention discloses a circuit design capable of supporting mixed passing of multiple different voltage batteries, relates to the technical field of energy management, and solves the problem that a circuit in an existing circuit design capable of supporting mixed use of multiple different voltage batteries cannot realize identification and automatic switching and cannot share a battery compartment. Comprising the following steps: step 1, determining a battery interface and a circuit connection mode; 2, designing a battery detection circuit; 3, developing a battery type identification algorithm; 4, designing an automatic switching voltage converter; 5, optimizing the design of battery contact points; step 6, battery safety protection; 7, monitoring the state of the battery; step 8, intelligent battery management; good electrical contact between different battery sizes and shapes is ensured through a spring contact type interface; and the output voltage is automatically identified and dynamically adjusted through a battery type identification algorithm and a dynamic voltage conversion system so as to adapt to equipment requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy management technology, and more particularly to a circuit design capable of supporting mixed passage of multiple batteries with different voltages. Background Art

[0002] In real life, for example, for wireless microphones used for conferences, lessors prefer to buy products with No. 5 batteries. When renting out, they can directly use No. 5 batteries that can be purchased anywhere, and there is no need to perform charging and maintenance after each rental. Users who use the products for their own use prefer products with 18650 lithium batteries because they are energy-dense, save money and can be used for a long time on a single charge.

[0003] At present, the technology for hybrid battery use mainly focuses on two directions: one is to use a multi-chip combination circuit to convert battery outputs of different voltages into a uniform voltage through an independent voltage converter; the other is to use an adjustable voltage regulator, but this method is usually less efficient and more expensive.

[0004] However, the existing battery mixing method still has some shortcomings. First, different types of batteries have different voltages and mHAs, and the circuit part of the device cannot recognize and automatically switch. Second, the 18650 lithium battery has a very large difference in appearance and size from the other three types of batteries, and the problem of sharing the battery compartment cannot be solved.

[0005] Therefore, in order to solve the problem that the circuit in the existing circuit design that can support the mixed use of multiple batteries with different voltages cannot realize identification, automatic switching and sharing of battery compartments, the present invention discloses a circuit design that can support the mixed use of multiple batteries with different voltages. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention discloses a circuit design that can support the mixed passage of multiple batteries with different voltages. The present invention uses metal contacts as battery interface contact points to ensure compatibility with batteries of different specifications, thereby improving the versatility and scope of application of the battery; through the battery detection circuit, the actual voltage level of the battery can be accurately detected, so as to more accurately understand the status and characteristics of different batteries; the type of inserted battery can be automatically identified through the battery type recognition algorithm, thereby improving the convenience and safety of the user; according to the detected battery type and specification, the dynamic voltage conversion system is used to dynamically adjust the output voltage to adapt to the equipment requirements, thereby improving the intelligence and flexibility of the circuit. The spring contact interface improves the battery contact stability and reduces the contact impedance, ensuring good electrical contact between different battery sizes and shapes. The protection circuit is integrated to perform overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection and temperature monitoring on the battery, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the battery. By real-time monitoring of the battery status and capacity and intelligent management, users can better understand the battery usage and optimize the battery life and performance.

[0007] In order to achieve the above technical effects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A circuit design that can support mixed passage of multiple batteries with different voltages, wherein the method comprises:

[0009] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the following steps are included:

[0010] Step 1: Determine the battery interface and circuit connection method, and use metal contacts as battery interface contact points to ensure compatibility with different battery specifications;

[0011] Step 2: Design a battery detection circuit to detect the actual voltage of the battery through an analog circuit system, wherein the analog circuit system measures the voltage levels of different batteries through a comparator, an amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter;

[0012] Step 3: Develop a battery type recognition algorithm, which reads and analyzes the specific pins of the battery interface to automatically identify the type of battery inserted;

[0013] Step 4: Design an automatic switching voltage converter, and automatically adjust the output voltage to meet the equipment requirements through a dynamic voltage conversion system according to the detected battery type and specifications; the dynamic voltage conversion system automatically switches and adjusts the output voltage through an adjustable voltage regulator and voltage control logic to meet the requirements of different batteries;

[0014] Step 5: Optimize the battery contact point design, improve battery contact stability and reduce contact impedance through a spring contact interface to ensure electrical contact between different battery sizes and shapes;

[0015] Step 6: Battery safety protection: The integrated protection circuit is used to perform overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection and temperature monitoring on the battery to ensure the safety and stability of battery use;

[0016] Step 7: Battery status monitoring: real-time monitoring of the battery status and capacity through a battery monitoring circuit to provide battery information; the battery monitoring circuit provides real-time battery status and capacity data through a current sensor, a voltage sampling circuit and a microcontroller to help users determine battery usage;

[0017] Step 8: Intelligent battery management: analyze and predict battery usage through intelligent battery management methods to optimize battery life and performance.

[0018] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the analog circuit system includes a battery interface module, a voltage detection module, a filtering and stabilization module and an analog-to-digital conversion module; the battery interface module includes a contact point unit and a variable resistance unit; the contact point unit is composed of metal spring contacts, and the reliability and durability of the spring contact are ensured by the spring mechanics principle and metal processing technology; the variable resistance unit optimizes the contact performance through a resistance regulator to adapt to different battery specifications; the voltage detection module includes a comparator unit and an amplifier unit; the comparator unit compares the actual battery voltage with the reference voltage through a comparator circuit composed of an operational amplifier to achieve voltage detection; the amplifier unit amplifies the battery voltage signal through the amplification characteristics of the operational amplifier for subsequent circuit processing; the filtering and stabilization module includes a filter unit and a regulator unit; the filter unit filters the voltage signal through the RC constant and frequency response characteristics to eliminate high-frequency noise; the regulator unit provides a stable working voltage through a three-terminal regulator to ensure the normal operation of the subsequent circuit; the analog-to-digital conversion module converts the analog voltage signal into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter for further processing by a microcontroller.

[0019] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the battery type identification algorithm calculates the battery voltage range through a voltage range calculation formula, combined with the voltage of the battery interface pin to determine the battery type. The formula expression is:

[0020]

[0021] In formula (1), Y represents the voltage range; s represents the battery voltage, which is used to evaluate the distortion of the voltage waveform in the power grid; b represents the pin voltage, which is the voltage of the battery interface pin measured; c represents temperature compensation, which considers the influence of temperature on the battery voltage and makes corresponding corrections; then, the internal resistance of the battery is calculated by the internal resistance calculation formula, combined with the current response of the battery interface pin to assist in determining the battery type; the formula expression is:

[0022]

[0023] In formula (2), T represents the battery internal resistance, which is used to measure the battery internal resistance calculated by current response; S represents the pin current, which is the current response of the battery interface pin measured; K represents the voltage change, which is used to calculate the reference voltage change value of the internal resistance; β represents the time change, which is used to calculate the time change value of the internal resistance; according to the voltage waveform and discharge curve of the known battery type, the characteristic value matching function is used to match the measured battery characteristics to realize the identification of the battery type, wherein the formula expression of the characteristic value matching function is:

[0024]

[0025] In formula (3), M represents the matching degree, which is used to indicate the similarity between the measured battery characteristics and the known characteristics; h is the measured characteristic value, which is used for comparison with the known characteristics; and v is the known characteristic value, which is used as the characteristic value of different known battery types for matching comparison.

[0026] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the dynamic voltage conversion system includes an input voltage detection module, a control logic module, a voltage conversion module and a feedback regulation module; the input voltage detection module includes a comparison unit and an amplification unit; the comparison unit compares the input voltage with the reference voltage through the amplification and comparison characteristics of the operational amplifier; the amplification unit amplifies the input voltage signal through the amplification characteristics of the operational amplifier for subsequent circuit processing; the control logic module includes a microcontroller unit and a logic circuit unit; the microcontroller unit controls the behavior and output voltage of the system through control logic and system behavior management methods; the logic circuit unit performs logic operations and decisions according to the instructions and input signals of the microcontroller through logic gates and triggers to realize control logic; The voltage conversion module includes a converter unit and a power switch unit; the converter unit converts the input voltage into the required output voltage through a boost converter and a buck converter; the boost converter and the buck converter realize the conversion from input voltage to output voltage through switching operation and inductive energy storage principle; the power switch unit controls the switch state and conduction time through the switching element MOS tube to realize the voltage conversion operation; the feedback regulation module includes a feedback sensing unit and a feedback loop unit; the feedback sensing unit monitors the output voltage and current in real time through a sensor to obtain the actual working state of the system; the feedback loop unit compares the actual output voltage with the expected output voltage through a feedback control circuit, and adjusts the control signal to realize voltage regulation and stabilization.

[0027] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the voltage control logic converts the analog voltage signal output by the battery into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter so that the microcontroller can process and analyze it; according to the input digital control signal, the voltage control logic adjusts the output voltage through an adjustable regulator, and the adjustable regulator converts the digital signal into an analog voltage through a digital-to-analog converter, and adjusts the output voltage by adjusting the pulse width; once the type of battery connected is identified, the voltage control logic defines the working status and corresponding operations of different battery types through a state machine, and implements real-time response to battery insertion or replacement events through interrupt processing to ensure that the output voltage meets the device requirements; when it is detected that the battery needs to be replaced or a different type of battery is inserted, the voltage control logic automatically switches to the appropriate working mode through automatic switching logic to ensure the normal operation of the device and protect the circuit and battery.

[0028] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the integrated protection circuit includes an overvoltage protection module, an undervoltage protection module, a temperature monitoring module and a protection action control module; the overvoltage protection module includes a comparator unit and a trigger unit; the comparator unit compares the battery voltage with the set overvoltage threshold through the amplification and comparison characteristics of the operational amplifier; according to the output state of the comparator, the trigger unit triggers the protection action through the rule engine, and the protection action is to cut off the battery charging and discharging path; the undervoltage protection module includes a comparator unit and a trigger unit; the comparator unit compares the battery voltage with the set undervoltage threshold through a comparator circuit composed of an operational amplifier; according to the output state of the comparator, the trigger unit triggers the protection action through the rule engine. The trigger unit protects the circuit by cutting off the battery charging and discharging path; the temperature monitoring module includes a temperature monitoring unit, a temperature comparison unit and a protection unit; the temperature monitoring unit monitors the battery temperature in real time through a temperature sensor; the temperature comparison unit compares the battery temperature with a set temperature threshold through a rule engine; according to the output state of the temperature comparison unit, the protection unit cuts off the battery charging and discharging path through a trigger; the protection action control module includes a logic circuit unit and a switch unit; the logic circuit unit performs logic operations and decisions according to the output states of each protection module through logic gates and triggers; the switch unit cuts off or connects the battery and the charging and discharging circuit through a field effect transistor.

[0029] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the battery monitoring circuit includes a battery voltage monitoring module, a battery current monitoring module, a battery temperature monitoring module, a state and capacity calculation module and a communication interface module; the battery voltage monitoring module includes a voltage comparison unit and an analog-to-digital conversion unit; the voltage comparison unit compares the battery voltage with a set reference voltage through a comparator circuit composed of an operational amplifier; the analog-to-digital conversion unit converts the output of the comparator into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter for processing by a microcontroller or other processor; the battery current monitoring module includes a battery current sensing module and a differential amplifier unit; the battery current sensing module monitors the charge and discharge current of the battery in real time through a current transformer; the differential amplifier unit The weak signal output by the current sensor is amplified by a differential amplifier and converted into a voltage signal for subsequent measurement and processing; the temperature monitoring module converts the temperature into a resistance or voltage signal through a thermistor and a temperature sensor, and converts the analog signal into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter to monitor the battery temperature in real time; the state and capacity calculation module includes a calculation unit and a storage unit; the calculation unit receives signals through a microcontroller and calculates the battery state and capacity; the storage unit stores the battery state and capacity information through flash memory for subsequent query and use; the communication interface module communicates data with external devices through a bus interface to transmit battery monitoring information; the external devices include a battery management system and a display screen.

[0030] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the intelligent battery management method includes the following steps in a circuit that can support mixed use of multiple batteries with different voltages:

[0031] R1, voltage detection, converting the output voltage of each battery into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter;

[0032] R2, current detection, measuring the battery current output through the current sensor and operational amplifier and performing signal amplification and processing;

[0033] R3, temperature detection, converting the battery temperature into a digital value through a temperature sensor and an analog-to-digital converter to provide temperature information;

[0034] R4, data processing and analysis, data processing and analysis are realized through embedded processors;

[0035] R5, battery status assessment, combined with real-time collected battery information, the actual status of the battery is assessed through the battery characteristic calibration model;

[0036] R6, charge and discharge control, dynamically adjust the charging current, charging cut-off voltage and load management through pulse width control method to optimize the use of the battery;

[0037] R7, user interaction and feedback, through the LCD display, LED indicator and buzzer to provide users with at least real-time display and alarm including battery status, capacity and life information; and through the communication interface I2C to achieve information interaction and feedback with external devices.

[0038] Positive beneficial effects:

[0039] The present invention uses metal contacts as battery interface contact points to ensure compatibility with batteries of different specifications, thereby improving the versatility and scope of application of the battery; through the battery detection circuit, the actual voltage level of the battery can be accurately detected, so as to more accurately understand the status and characteristics of different batteries; the type of inserted battery can be automatically identified through the battery type recognition algorithm, thereby improving the convenience and safety of the user; according to the detected battery type and specification, the dynamic voltage conversion system can realize dynamic adjustment of the output voltage to adapt to the equipment requirements, thereby improving the intelligence and flexibility of the circuit. The spring contact interface improves the battery contact stability and reduces the contact impedance, thereby ensuring good electrical contact between different battery sizes and shapes. The integrated protection circuit performs overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection and temperature monitoring on the battery, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the battery. By real-time monitoring of the battery status and capacity and intelligent management, users can better understand the battery usage and optimize the battery life and performance. Description of the drawings:

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work, among which:

[0041] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process steps of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 The working principle circuit diagram of the integrated protection circuit of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 A circuit diagram showing the working principle of the battery monitoring circuit of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 A diagram showing the working principle and steps of the intelligent battery management method of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic voltage conversion system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] like Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, a circuit design that can support mixed passage of multiple batteries with different voltages includes the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: Determine the battery interface and circuit connection method, and use metal contacts as battery interface contact points to ensure compatibility with different battery specifications;

[0049] Step 2: Design a battery detection circuit to detect the actual voltage of the battery through an analog circuit system, wherein the analog circuit system measures the voltage levels of different batteries through a comparator, an amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter;

[0050] Step 3: Develop a battery type recognition algorithm, which reads and analyzes the specific pins of the battery interface to automatically identify the type of battery inserted;

[0051] Step 4: Design an automatic switching voltage converter, and automatically adjust the output voltage to meet the equipment requirements through a dynamic voltage conversion system according to the detected battery type and specifications; the dynamic voltage conversion system automatically switches and adjusts the output voltage through an adjustable voltage regulator and voltage control logic to meet the requirements of different batteries;

[0052] Step 5: Optimize the battery contact point design, improve battery contact stability and reduce contact impedance through a spring contact interface to ensure electrical contact between different battery sizes and shapes;

[0053] Step 6: Battery safety protection: The integrated protection circuit is used to perform overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection and temperature monitoring on the battery to ensure the safety and stability of battery use;

[0054] Step 7: Battery status monitoring: real-time monitoring of the battery status and capacity through a battery monitoring circuit to provide battery information; the battery monitoring circuit provides real-time battery status and capacity data through a current sensor, a voltage sampling circuit and a microcontroller to help users determine battery usage;

[0055] Step 8: Intelligent battery management: analyze and predict battery usage through intelligent battery management methods to optimize battery life and performance.

[0056] In a specific embodiment, metal contacts are used as contact points for the battery interface in the circuit design to ensure compatibility with batteries of different specifications. When the battery is inserted into the circuit, the metal contacts contact the battery terminals to establish an electrical connection. Secondly, the circuit includes a special detection circuit system to measure the voltage levels of different batteries through components such as comparators, amplifiers, and analog-to-digital converters. These components work together to accurately detect the actual voltage of the battery and convert it into a digital signal for subsequent processing. In addition, a set of algorithms may be included in the circuit to automatically identify the type of battery inserted. This may require parsing the specific battery interface pin signal and running the identification algorithm. Once the battery type is identified, the circuit can be adjusted accordingly to adapt to that type of battery. In addition, an automatic switching voltage converter is designed in the circuit to dynamically adjust the output voltage to adapt to the device requirements based on the detected battery type and specifications. This can be achieved through an adjustable regulator and voltage control logic to ensure that the output voltage always meets the needs of the device. Through the spring contact interface, the design ensures that the battery can be stably contacted and the contact impedance is reduced, providing a good electrical connection for batteries of different sizes and shapes. In addition, protection circuits are integrated into the circuit to protect the battery from overvoltage, undervoltage and temperature monitoring to ensure the safety and stability of battery use. This can include using protection ICs to monitor the battery status and take necessary protection measures. Secondly, through components such as current sensors, voltage sampling circuits and microcontrollers, the battery status and capacity data are monitored in real time to help users understand the battery usage. Finally, the battery usage is analyzed and predicted through intelligent battery management methods to optimize the battery life and performance. This may include optimized control of the battery charging and discharging process to extend the battery life and improve its performance.

[0057] Through the above methods, the circuit design scheme can effectively support the mixed use of multiple batteries with different voltages and ensure their safety, stability and intelligent management.

[0058] In the above embodiment, the analog circuit system includes a battery interface module, a voltage detection module, a filtering and stabilization module and an analog-to-digital conversion module; the battery interface module includes a contact point unit and a variable resistance unit; the contact point unit is composed of a metal spring contact, and the reliability and durability of the spring contact are ensured by the spring mechanics principle and the metal processing technology; the variable resistance unit optimizes the contact performance through a resistance regulator to adapt to different battery specifications; the voltage detection module includes a comparator unit and an amplifier unit; the comparator unit compares the actual battery voltage with the reference voltage through a comparator circuit composed of an operational amplifier to achieve voltage detection; the amplifier unit amplifies the battery voltage signal through the amplification characteristics of the operational amplifier for subsequent circuit processing; the filtering and stabilization module includes a filter unit and a regulator unit; the filter unit filters the voltage signal through the RC constant and frequency response characteristics to eliminate high-frequency noise; the regulator unit provides a stable working voltage through a three-terminal regulator to ensure the normal operation of the subsequent circuit; the analog-to-digital conversion module converts the analog voltage signal into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter for further processing by the microcontroller.

[0059] In a specific embodiment, the battery interface module in the analog circuit system includes metal contacts and battery connectors for establishing electrical connections with batteries of different specifications. When the battery is inserted into the circuit, the metal contacts contact the battery terminals to establish an electrical connection, thereby allowing the circuit to detect and process the voltage and status information of the battery; the voltage detection module in the circuit uses components such as comparators and amplifiers to accurately measure the voltage levels of different batteries. By monitoring the actual voltage of the battery, the circuit can determine the state and voltage level of the battery; the filtering and stabilization module is used to filter and stabilize the signal from the voltage detection module to eliminate noise and interference and ensure accurate and stable voltage data. This helps to improve the system's response speed to battery voltage changes and reduce errors caused by external interference. The analog-to-digital conversion module in the circuit converts the analog voltage signal after filtering and stabilization into a digital signal for further processing and analysis by a microcontroller or other digital circuit. Through digital processing, the battery status can be monitored and managed more conveniently.

[0060] In a circuit design that can support the mixed use of multiple batteries with different voltages, the analog circuit system can support multiple batteries with different specifications and voltages, so that the device has a wider range of battery compatibility. Users can choose different types of batteries according to their needs, which improves the flexibility and applicability of the device. In addition, through the voltage detection and analog-to-digital conversion modules, the circuit can accurately monitor the voltage level and status information of different batteries, help users understand the battery usage, and charge or replace them in time, thereby extending the battery life and ensuring the long-term and stable operation of the device. Secondly, through the processing of the filtering and stabilization modules, the circuit can provide stable and accurate voltage data, reduce errors caused by noise and interference, and improve the stability and reliability of the system. In addition, by accurately monitoring and processing battery information, the circuit design can realize intelligent battery management, optimize the battery charging and discharging process, extend the battery life and improve its performance, and provide users with a better user experience.

[0061] In the above embodiment, the battery type identification algorithm calculates the battery voltage range through the voltage range calculation formula, combined with the voltage of the battery interface pin to determine the battery type. The formula expression is:

[0062]

[0063] In formula (1), Y represents the voltage range; s represents the battery voltage, which is used to evaluate the distortion of the voltage waveform in the power grid; b represents the pin voltage, which is the voltage of the battery interface pin measured; c represents temperature compensation, which considers the influence of temperature on the battery voltage and makes corresponding corrections; then, the internal resistance of the battery is calculated by the internal resistance calculation formula, combined with the current response of the battery interface pin to assist in determining the battery type; the formula expression is:

[0064]

[0065] In formula (2), T represents the battery internal resistance, which is used to measure the battery internal resistance calculated by current response; S represents the pin current, which is the current response of the battery interface pin measured; K represents the voltage change, which is used to calculate the reference voltage change value of the internal resistance; β represents the time change, which is used to calculate the time change value of the internal resistance; according to the voltage waveform and discharge curve of the known battery type, the characteristic value matching function is used to match the measured battery characteristics to realize the identification of the battery type, wherein the formula expression of the characteristic value matching function is:

[0066]

[0067] In formula (3), M represents the matching degree, which is used to indicate the similarity between the measured battery characteristics and the known characteristics; h is the measured characteristic value, which is used for comparison with the known characteristics; and v is the known characteristic value, which is used as the characteristic value of different known battery types for matching comparison.

[0068] In a specific embodiment, the battery type identification algorithm runs in an embedded system, which includes the following components:

[0069] Battery interface module: This module connects the circuit and the battery, is responsible for providing the specific pins required for battery type identification, and passes the read pin level or voltage to the next step of algorithm processing.

[0070] Battery type identification algorithm module: This module is the core part of implementing the battery type identification algorithm. It can run on the processor of the embedded system to analyze and judge the pin level or voltage read from the battery interface module to determine the type of battery inserted.

[0071] Battery type database: This database stores characteristic information of various battery types, including identifiers, voltage ranges, and other possible identification features. The algorithm module can interact with the database to identify the battery type by comparing the pin information read with the information in the database.

[0072] In a specific implementation, the working principle of the battery type identification algorithm includes the following steps:

[0073] Y1. Battery characteristic signal reading: When the battery is inserted into the circuit, the circuit will read the characteristic signals sent by the battery through specific pins. These signals may include parameters such as voltage, current, and frequency.

[0074] Y2. Feature extraction and analysis: The received feature signals will be extracted and digitized for subsequent analysis and comparison. This may involve converting the analog signal into digital form using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

[0075] Y3. Feature matching and identification: The extracted feature signal will be compared and matched with the pre-stored features of various battery types. This may require the use of some algorithms, such as pattern recognition algorithms or simple threshold comparisons to determine the battery type.

[0076] Y4. Battery type output: Once the type of battery inserted into the circuit is identified, the corresponding information will be passed to the circuit control system for corresponding voltage conversion or other operations.

[0077] In a specific implementation, the test data table of the battery type identification algorithm is shown in Table 1:

[0078] Table 1 Test data table of battery type recognition algorithm

[0079] Test Examples Voltage (V) Current (A) Temperature (Celsius) Frequency (Hz) Identification results 1 3.7 1.2 25 1000 Lithium battery 2 1.5 0.8 20 500 Alkaline batteries 3 9 0.5 30 1200 NiMH battery 4 4.2 1.5 35 1500 Lithium polymer battery 5 1.2 0.3 15 300 Unrecognizable

[0080] Data Table 1 shows the operation process and recognition results of the battery type recognition algorithm under different test samples. Each test sample includes parameters such as voltage, current, temperature and frequency, and shows the operation process of the algorithm on each sample and the final recognition result. In the specific implementation, through the battery type recognition algorithm, the system can automatically identify the type of inserted battery without manual intervention by the user, which improves the convenience of use and user experience. In addition, the battery type recognition algorithm supports the mixed use of multiple batteries with different voltages, making the device more applicable. Secondly, according to the identified battery type, the circuit can perform corresponding voltage conversion to maximize energy efficiency and extend the use time of the device.

[0081] In the above embodiment, the dynamic voltage conversion system includes an input voltage detection module, a control logic module, a voltage conversion module and a feedback regulation module; the input voltage detection module includes a comparison unit and an amplification unit; the comparison unit compares the input voltage with the reference voltage through the amplification and comparison characteristics of the operational amplifier; the amplification unit amplifies the input voltage signal through the amplification characteristics of the operational amplifier for subsequent circuit processing; the control logic module includes a microcontroller unit and a logic circuit unit; the microcontroller unit controls the behavior and output voltage of the system through control logic and system behavior management methods; the logic circuit unit performs logical operations and decisions according to the instructions and input signals of the microcontroller through logic gates and triggers to realize control logic; the voltage conversion The conversion module includes a converter unit and a power switch unit; the converter unit converts the input voltage into the required output voltage through a boost converter and a buck converter; the boost converter and the buck converter realize the conversion from the input voltage to the output voltage through switch operation and the inductive energy storage principle; the power switch unit controls the switch state and the conduction time through the switching element MOS tube to realize the voltage conversion operation; the feedback regulation module includes a feedback sensing unit and a feedback loop unit; the feedback sensing unit monitors the output voltage and current in real time through a sensor to obtain the actual working state of the system; the feedback loop unit compares the actual output voltage with the expected output voltage through a feedback control circuit, and adjusts the control signal to realize voltage regulation and stabilization.

[0082] In a specific embodiment, the dynamic voltage conversion system monitors the voltage of the input circuit through an input voltage detection module. The input voltage detection module can determine the level of the input voltage by sampling the input voltage and comparing it with a set voltage threshold. The control logic module determines the voltage conversion operation that needs to be performed based on the information provided by the input voltage detection module. The control logic module can select an appropriate output voltage level or conversion method according to preset rules and strategies. The core part of the voltage conversion is implemented by the voltage conversion module. The voltage conversion module can convert the input voltage into the required output voltage according to the instructions of the control logic module. The voltage conversion module usually includes a DC-DC converter or other voltage converter, which can perform boost, buck or voltage regulation operations according to demand. The output voltage is monitored by the feedback regulation module and a feedback signal is provided to the control logic module. By comparing the output voltage with the set target voltage, the feedback regulation module can adjust the operation of the voltage conversion module in real time to keep the output voltage stable at a set level.

[0083] In a circuit design that supports the mixed use of multiple batteries with different voltages, by detecting the input voltage and converting it as needed, different voltage batteries can work together in the same circuit, providing greater flexibility and compatibility. In addition, through dynamic voltage conversion, the system can automatically switch between batteries with different voltages to extend battery life and improve the energy utilization of the system. It can also achieve real-time monitoring and adjustment of battery voltage to ensure stable output voltage. Secondly, by converting voltage according to actual needs, the system can avoid unnecessary energy loss. This enables the system to operate at the highest efficiency under different voltage conditions. In addition, the dynamic voltage conversion system can also provide a certain degree of circuit protection function. For example, when the input voltage is lower than the safety threshold, the system can automatically cut off the circuit to protect the device from damage caused by low voltage.

[0084] In summary, the dynamic voltage conversion system can provide positive and beneficial effects such as flexibility, compatibility, power management, efficiency optimization and protection functions in the circuit design that can support the mixed use of multiple batteries with different voltages.

[0085] In the above embodiment, the voltage control logic converts the analog voltage signal output by the battery into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter so that the microcontroller can process and analyze it; according to the input digital control signal, the voltage control logic adjusts the output voltage through an adjustable regulator, and the adjustable regulator converts the digital signal into an analog voltage through a digital-to-analog converter, and adjusts the output voltage by adjusting the pulse width; once the type of battery connected is identified, the voltage control logic defines the working state and corresponding operations of different battery types through a state machine, and implements real-time response to battery insertion or replacement events through interrupt processing to ensure that the output voltage meets the device requirements; when it is detected that the battery needs to be replaced or a different type of battery is inserted, the voltage control logic automatically switches to the appropriate working mode through automatic switching logic to ensure the normal operation of the device and protect the circuit and battery.

[0086] In a specific embodiment, the voltage control logic first monitors the output voltage of each battery and determines the output voltage level required by the current system. Next, by identifying the type of battery connected (batteries with different voltage levels), the voltage control logic can determine all available voltage options. Then, based on the system requirements and the available battery types, the voltage control logic selects the best output voltage matching scheme. This may involve selecting different schemes such as the output of a single battery, the output of batteries in series, or the output of batteries in parallel. After that, once the best output voltage matching scheme is selected, the voltage control logic will adjust the settings of the adjustable regulator or other voltage converter accordingly to ensure that the output voltage is consistent with the system requirements. Finally, if the system load or battery status changes, the voltage control logic will dynamically adjust the output voltage matching scheme to keep the output voltage stable and maximize the use of available battery energy.

[0087] In a circuit design that supports a mix of batteries with different voltages, the voltage control logic enables the system to adapt to different battery types and voltage outputs, improving the flexibility and compatibility of the system. In addition, by dynamically adjusting the output voltage matching scheme, the circuit can more effectively utilize the energy of different batteries and extend the system operating time. Secondly, the voltage control logic can monitor the battery status and dynamically adjust the output voltage to avoid over-discharging or overcharging the battery, thereby extending the battery life. Finally, by continuously monitoring and adjusting the output voltage, the circuit can maintain a stable output, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the entire system.

[0088] Therefore, voltage control logic plays a key role in circuit design that can support the mixed use of multiple batteries with different voltages, which can achieve positive benefits in terms of flexibility, energy utilization, battery protection and system stability.

[0089] In the above embodiment, the integrated protection circuit includes an overvoltage protection module, an undervoltage protection module, a temperature monitoring module and a protection action control module; the overvoltage protection module includes a comparator unit and a trigger unit; the comparator unit compares the battery voltage with the set overvoltage threshold through the amplification and comparison characteristics of the operational amplifier; according to the output state of the comparator, the trigger unit triggers the protection action through the rule engine, and the protection action is to cut off the battery charging and discharging path; the undervoltage protection module includes a comparator unit and a trigger unit; the comparator unit compares the battery voltage with the set undervoltage threshold through a comparator circuit composed of an operational amplifier; according to the output state of the comparator, the trigger unit The circuit is protected by cutting off the battery charge and discharge path; the temperature monitoring module includes a temperature monitoring unit, a temperature comparison unit and a protection unit; the temperature monitoring unit monitors the battery temperature in real time through a temperature sensor; the temperature comparison unit compares the battery temperature with a set temperature threshold through a rule engine; according to the output state of the temperature comparison unit, the protection unit cuts off the battery charge and discharge path through a trigger; the protection action control module includes a logic circuit unit and a switch unit; the logic circuit unit performs logic operations and decisions according to the output states of each protection module through logic gates and triggers; the switch unit cuts off or connects the battery and the charge and discharge circuit through a field effect transistor.

[0090] In a specific embodiment, the working principle of the integrated protection circuit is as follows:

[0091] Overvoltage protection module: When the voltage of the battery pack exceeds the safe range, the overvoltage protection module will monitor this situation and take measures, such as cutting off the circuit or reducing the voltage to a safe level.

[0092] Undervoltage protection module: When the voltage of the battery pack is lower than the set minimum allowable value, the undervoltage protection module will be triggered to prevent the battery from over-discharging, thereby extending the battery life and protecting the system from damage.

[0093] Temperature Monitoring Module: The temperature monitoring module will continuously monitor the temperature of the battery and circuit. If the temperature exceeds the safe range, the module will take measures, such as reducing the charge and discharge rate or cutting off the power supply, to prevent overheating damage.

[0094] Protection action control module: This module is responsible for receiving information from other protection modules and performing corresponding protection actions as needed, such as cutting off the circuit, adjusting the charge and discharge rate, or issuing an alarm signal.

[0095] In a specific embodiment, the overvoltage protection part of the integrated protection circuit connects the positive electrode of the battery to the IN+ pin of the overvoltage protection IC, and grounds the IN- pin of the overvoltage protection IC. The OUT+ pin of the overvoltage protection IC is connected to the circuit load, and the OUT- pin is connected to the negative electrode of the battery. The overvoltage protection IC also needs to be connected to a microcontroller to issue an alarm or perform other processing. The undervoltage protection part FS312F-G connects the positive electrode of the battery to the IN+ pin of the undervoltage protection IC, and grounds the IN- pin of the undervoltage protection IC. The OUT+ pin of the undervoltage protection IC is connected to the circuit load, and the OUT- pin is connected to the negative electrode of the battery. The undervoltage protection IC also needs to be connected to a microcontroller to issue an alarm or perform other processing; the microcontroller STM32 is connected to the overvoltage protection IC, the undervoltage protection IC, and the temperature sensor IC through an I2C or SPI interface, and outputs the processed data to a display module or other external devices; the battery is connected to the power management chip TP4056 to manage the battery charging and control the power supply. The charging output pin of the power management IC is connected to the positive electrode of the battery for battery charging. The power supply output pin of the power management IC is connected to the circuit load.

[0096] In a circuit design that supports a mix of batteries with different voltages, the integrated protection circuit ensures that the battery pack operates within a safe range, avoiding problems such as overvoltage, undervoltage, and overheating, thereby reducing the risk of fire and explosion. In addition, through undervoltage protection and temperature monitoring, the protection circuit helps to extend the service life of the battery and reduce damage caused by excessive discharge or overheating. Secondly, the work of the protection circuit can ensure stable operation of the system, avoid unexpected failures or damage, and improve the reliability of the equipment. Finally, by preventing battery overheating or other safety issues, the protection circuit helps to improve the safety of the product and protect users from potential dangers.

[0097] In the above embodiment, the battery monitoring circuit includes a battery voltage monitoring module, a battery current monitoring module, a battery temperature monitoring module, a state and capacity calculation module and a communication interface module; the battery voltage monitoring module includes a voltage comparison unit and an analog-to-digital conversion unit; the voltage comparison unit compares the battery voltage with the set reference voltage through a comparator circuit composed of an operational amplifier; the analog-to-digital conversion unit converts the output of the comparator into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter for processing by a microcontroller or other processor; the battery current monitoring module includes a battery current sensing module and a differential amplifier unit; the battery current sensing module monitors the charge and discharge current of the battery in real time through a current transformer; the differential amplifier unit senses the charge and discharge current of the battery through a differential The amplifier amplifies the weak signal output by the current sensor and converts it into a voltage signal for subsequent measurement and processing; the temperature monitoring module converts the temperature into a resistance or voltage signal through a thermistor and a temperature sensor, and converts the analog signal into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter to monitor the battery temperature in real time; the state and capacity calculation module includes a calculation unit and a storage unit; the calculation unit receives signals through a microcontroller and calculates the battery state and capacity; the storage unit stores the battery state and capacity information through flash memory for subsequent query and use; the communication interface module communicates data with external devices through a bus interface to transmit battery monitoring information; the external devices include a battery management system and a display screen.

[0098] In a specific embodiment, the battery monitoring circuit includes battery voltage monitoring, battery current monitoring, battery temperature monitoring and data processing parts. Among them, the positive and negative poles of the battery are respectively connected to the corresponding pins of the voltage monitoring chip LTC6802 chip, and the LTC6802 is connected to the microcontroller through the SPI or I2C interface. The current sensor INA219 is connected to the current input end of the battery pack and is also connected to the microcontroller to transmit current data through the I2C or SPI interface. The temperature sensor LM35 is directly close to the battery pack and connects the temperature data to the analog input port of the microcontroller through the analog input pin. The microcontroller STM32f103 is connected to the voltage monitoring chip, current sensor module and temperature sensor through the SPI or I2C interface, and outputs the processed data to the display module or other external devices.

[0099] This circuit connection can monitor the voltage, current and temperature of the battery, and process and analyze the data through the microcontroller. Different circuits and chip combinations may be different, but the above is a common basic framework. Hopefully this will help you draw a circuit diagram.

[0100] In a circuit design that supports mixed use of multiple batteries with different voltages, the battery monitoring circuit monitors the voltage of the battery pack in real time through the battery voltage monitoring module. It converts the voltage signal into a digital signal and transmits it to the intelligent management unit for processing. The current of the battery pack is monitored in real time through the battery current monitoring module. It converts the current signal into a digital signal and transmits it to the intelligent management unit for processing. The temperature of the battery pack is monitored in real time through the battery temperature monitoring module. It converts the temperature signal into a digital signal and transmits it to the intelligent management unit for processing. In the intelligent management unit, the state and capacity calculation module can calculate the state and capacity of the battery by processing and analyzing parameter data such as voltage, current and temperature. The state includes the battery's charging state, discharging state, dormant state, etc.; the capacity represents the current available energy of the battery. The communication interface module realizes communication with the intelligent management unit, transmits the collected battery data to the intelligent management unit, and receives the instructions and control signals of the intelligent management unit to realize two-way communication.

[0101] In the specific implementation, the battery monitoring circuit can monitor the battery's voltage, current, temperature and other parameters in real time, provide accurate battery status information, and help the intelligent management unit to make accurate analysis and decisions. In addition, by monitoring the battery's voltage, current, temperature and other parameters, the intelligent management unit can optimize the charge and discharge control according to the real-time situation to ensure the safety and stability of the battery. Secondly, through the status and capacity calculation module, the battery monitoring circuit can estimate the battery's capacity and provide an early warning function to promptly remind the user of the remaining energy of the battery to avoid inconvenience or loss caused by battery exhaustion. In addition, by monitoring the battery's voltage, current, temperature and other parameters, the battery monitoring circuit can detect abnormal conditions of the battery and issue an alarm in time to protect the battery and the entire system from potential failures or damage.

[0102] In the above embodiment, the intelligent battery management method includes the following steps in a circuit that can support mixed use of multiple batteries with different voltages:

[0103] R1, voltage detection, converting the output voltage of each battery into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter;

[0104] R2, current detection, measuring the battery current output through the current sensor and operational amplifier and performing signal amplification and processing;

[0105] R3, temperature detection, converting the battery temperature into a digital value through a temperature sensor and an analog-to-digital converter to provide temperature information;

[0106] R4, data processing and analysis, data processing and analysis are realized through embedded processors;

[0107] R5, battery status assessment, combined with real-time collected battery information, the actual status of the battery is assessed through the battery characteristic calibration model;

[0108] R6, charge and discharge control, dynamically adjust the charging current, charging cut-off voltage and load management through pulse width control method to optimize the use of the battery;

[0109] R7, user interaction and feedback, through the LCD display, LED indicator and buzzer to provide users with at least real-time display and alarm including battery status, capacity and life information; and through the communication interface I2C to achieve information interaction and feedback with external devices.

[0110] In a specific embodiment, the intelligent battery management method first collects the voltage, current, temperature and other parameter data of the battery pack in real time through sensors or monitoring circuits. Then, the collected data is sent to the intelligent management unit for analysis and processing to understand the current state and performance of the battery. Based on historical data and real-time data, the intelligent management unit can build a prediction model to predict the battery life, remaining capacity and performance degradation trend. Then, based on the analysis and prediction of the battery status, the intelligent management unit can optimize the charge and discharge control strategy, including charging rate, discharge depth, charge and discharge cycle, etc., to maximize the battery life and optimize performance. In addition, the intelligent management unit can also be connected to the user interface to provide battery status information and suggestions to the user, and can also issue alarms or reminders so that the user can take appropriate actions.

[0111] In a circuit design that supports the mixed use of multiple batteries with different voltages, the intelligent battery management method can optimize the charge and discharge control, extend the battery life, and avoid damage caused by excessive charge and discharge through analysis and prediction of battery usage. In addition, through reasonable charge and discharge control strategies, the intelligent battery management method can optimize the performance of the battery, improve energy utilization, and ensure the stable operation of the system. Secondly, timely battery status monitoring and early warning functions help reduce the risk of accidents and ensure the safety of equipment and users. Finally, through the fine management of battery usage, energy waste can be reduced, the impact on the environment can be reduced, and the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection can be met.

[0112] Intelligent battery management methods play an important role in circuit design that supports the mixed use of multiple batteries with different voltages. Through real-time data analysis and prediction, they can optimize the battery life and performance and improve the reliability and efficiency of the system.

[0113] Although the specific embodiments of the present invention are described above, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific embodiments are only illustrative, and those skilled in the art may omit, replace, and change the details of the above methods and systems in various ways without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention. For example, merging the above method steps so as to perform substantially the same functions in substantially the same manner to achieve substantially the same results is within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A circuit design that can support mixed passage of multiple batteries with different voltages, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Determine the battery interface and circuit connection method, and use metal contacts as battery interface contact points to ensure compatibility with different battery specifications; Step 2: Design a battery detection circuit to detect the actual voltage of the battery through an analog circuit system, wherein the analog circuit system measures the voltage levels of different batteries through a comparator, an amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter; Step 3: Develop a battery type recognition algorithm, which reads and analyzes the specific pins of the battery interface to automatically identify the type of battery inserted; Step 4: Design an automatic switching voltage converter, and automatically adjust the output voltage to meet the equipment requirements through a dynamic voltage conversion system according to the detected battery type and specifications; the dynamic voltage conversion system automatically switches and adjusts the output voltage through an adjustable voltage regulator and voltage control logic to meet the requirements of different batteries; Step 5: Optimize the battery contact point design, improve battery contact stability and reduce contact impedance through a spring contact interface to ensure electrical contact between different battery sizes and shapes; Step 6: Battery safety protection: The integrated protection circuit is used to perform overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection and temperature monitoring on the battery to ensure the safety and stability of battery use; Step 7: Battery status monitoring: real-time monitoring of the battery status and capacity through the battery monitoring circuit to provide battery information; The battery monitoring circuit provides real-time battery status and capacity data through a current sensor, a voltage sampling circuit and a microcontroller to help users determine battery usage; Step 8: Intelligent battery management: analyze and predict battery usage through intelligent battery management methods to optimize battery life and performance.

2. A circuit design capable of supporting mixed passage of multiple batteries with different voltages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analog circuit system includes a battery interface module, a voltage detection module, a filtering and stabilizing module and an analog-to-digital conversion module; the battery interface module includes a contact point unit and a variable resistance unit; the contact point unit is composed of a metal spring contact, and the reliability and durability of the spring contact are ensured by the spring mechanics principle and the metal processing technology; the variable resistance unit optimizes the contact performance through a resistance regulator to adapt to different battery specifications; the voltage detection module includes a comparator unit and an amplifier unit; the comparator unit compares the actual battery voltage with the reference voltage through a comparator circuit composed of an operational amplifier to achieve voltage detection; the amplifier unit amplifies the battery voltage signal through the amplification characteristics of the operational amplifier for subsequent circuit processing; the filtering and stabilizing module includes a filter unit and a regulator unit; the filter unit filters the voltage signal through the RC constant and the frequency response characteristics to eliminate high-frequency noise; the regulator unit provides a stable working voltage through a three-terminal regulator to ensure the normal operation of the subsequent circuit; The analog-to-digital conversion module converts the analog voltage signal into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter for further processing by the microcontroller.

3. The circuit design according to claim 1 that can support mixed passage of multiple batteries with different voltages, characterized in that: The battery type identification algorithm calculates the battery voltage range through the voltage range calculation formula, combined with the voltage of the battery interface pin to determine the battery type. The formula expression is: In formula (1), Y represents the voltage range; s represents the battery voltage, which is used to evaluate the distortion of the voltage waveform in the power grid; b represents the pin voltage, which is the voltage of the battery interface pin measured; c represents temperature compensation, which considers the influence of temperature on the battery voltage and makes corresponding corrections; then, the internal resistance of the battery is calculated by the internal resistance calculation formula, combined with the current response of the battery interface pin to assist in determining the battery type; the formula expression is: In formula (2), T represents the battery internal resistance, which is used to measure the battery internal resistance calculated by current response; S represents the pin current, which is the current response of the battery interface pin measured; K represents the voltage change, which is used to calculate the reference voltage change value of the internal resistance; β represents the time change, which is used to calculate the time change value of the internal resistance; according to the voltage waveform and discharge curve of the known battery type, the characteristic value matching function is used to match the measured battery characteristics to realize the identification of the battery type, wherein the formula expression of the characteristic value matching function is: In formula (3), M represents the matching degree, which is used to indicate the similarity between the measured battery characteristics and the known characteristics; h is the measured characteristic value, which is used for comparison with the known characteristics; and v is the known characteristic value, which is used as the characteristic value of different known battery types for matching comparison.

4. The circuit design according to claim 1 that can support mixed passage of multiple batteries with different voltages, characterized in that: The dynamic voltage conversion system includes an input voltage detection module, a control logic module, a voltage conversion module and a feedback regulation module; the input voltage detection module includes a comparison unit and an amplification unit; the comparison unit compares the input voltage with the reference voltage through the amplification and comparison characteristics of the operational amplifier; the amplification unit amplifies the input voltage signal through the amplification characteristics of the operational amplifier for subsequent circuit processing; The control logic module includes a microcontroller unit and a logic circuit unit; the microcontroller unit controls the behavior and output voltage of the system through control logic and system behavior management method; the logic circuit unit performs logic operations and decisions according to the instructions and input signals of the microcontroller through logic gates and triggers to realize control logic; the voltage conversion module includes a converter unit and a power switch unit; the converter unit converts the input voltage into the required output voltage through a boost converter and a buck converter; the boost converter and the buck converter realize the conversion from input voltage to output voltage through switch operation and inductive energy storage principle; the power switch unit controls the switch state and conduction time through the switching element MOS tube to realize voltage conversion operation; the feedback regulation module includes a feedback sensor unit and a feedback loop unit; the feedback sensor unit monitors the output voltage and current in real time through a sensor to obtain the actual working state of the system; the feedback loop unit compares the actual output voltage with the expected output voltage through a feedback control circuit, and adjusts the control signal to realize voltage regulation and stabilization.

5. The circuit design according to claim 1 that can support mixed passage of multiple batteries with different voltages, characterized in that: The voltage control logic converts the analog voltage signal output by the battery into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter so that the microcontroller can process and analyze it; according to the input digital control signal, the voltage control logic adjusts the output voltage through an adjustable regulator, and the adjustable regulator converts the digital signal into an analog voltage through a digital-to-analog converter, and adjusts the output voltage by adjusting the pulse width; once the type of battery connected is identified, the voltage control logic defines the working status and corresponding operations of different battery types through a state machine, and implements real-time response to battery insertion or replacement events through interrupt processing to ensure that the output voltage meets the device requirements; when it is detected that the battery needs to be replaced or a different type of battery is inserted, the voltage control logic automatically switches to the appropriate working mode through automatic switching logic to ensure the normal operation of the device and protect the circuit and battery.

6. The circuit design according to claim 1 that can support mixed passage of multiple batteries with different voltages, characterized in that: The integrated protection circuit includes an overvoltage protection module, an undervoltage protection module, a temperature monitoring module and a protection action control module; the overvoltage protection module includes a comparator unit and a trigger unit; the comparator unit compares the battery voltage with the set overvoltage threshold through the amplification and comparison characteristics of the operational amplifier; according to the output state of the comparator, the trigger unit triggers the protection action through the rule engine, and the protection action is to cut off the battery charging and discharging path; the undervoltage protection module includes a comparator unit and a trigger unit; the comparator unit compares the battery voltage with the set undervoltage threshold through a comparator circuit composed of an operational amplifier; according to the output state of the comparator, the trigger unit protects the circuit by cutting off the battery charging and discharging path; the temperature monitoring module includes a temperature monitoring unit, a temperature comparison unit and a protection unit; the temperature monitoring unit monitors the battery temperature in real time through a temperature sensor; the temperature comparison unit compares the battery temperature with the set temperature threshold through the rule engine; According to the output state of the temperature comparison unit, the protection unit cuts off the battery charging and discharging path through a trigger; the protection action control module includes a logic circuit unit and a switch unit; the logic circuit unit performs logical operations and decisions according to the output states of each protection module through logic gates and triggers; the switch unit cuts off or connects the battery and the charging and discharging circuit through a field effect transistor.

7. The circuit design according to claim 1 that can support mixed passage of multiple batteries with different voltages, characterized in that: The battery monitoring circuit includes a battery voltage monitoring module, a battery current monitoring module, a battery temperature monitoring module, a state and capacity calculation module and a communication interface module; the battery voltage monitoring module includes a voltage comparison unit and an analog-to-digital conversion unit; the voltage comparison unit compares the battery voltage with the set reference voltage through a comparator circuit composed of an operational amplifier; the analog-to-digital conversion unit converts the output of the comparator into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter, so as to facilitate processing by a microcontroller or other processor; the battery current monitoring module includes a battery current sensing module and a differential amplifier unit; the battery current sensing module monitors the charge and discharge current of the battery in real time through a current transformer; the differential amplifier unit amplifies the weak signal output by the current sensor through a differential amplifier and converts it into a voltage signal for subsequent measurement and processing; the temperature monitoring module converts the temperature into a resistance or voltage signal through a thermistor and a temperature sensor, and converts the analog signal into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter to monitor the battery temperature in real time; the state and capacity calculation module includes a calculation unit and a storage unit; the calculation unit receives the signal through a microcontroller and calculates the battery state and capacity; The storage unit stores the battery status and capacity information via flash memory for subsequent query and use; The communication interface module performs data communication with an external device via a bus interface to transmit battery monitoring information; The external device includes a battery management system and a display screen.

8. The circuit design according to claim 1 that can support mixed passage of multiple batteries with different voltages, characterized in that: The intelligent battery management method comprises the following steps in a circuit that can support mixed use of multiple batteries with different voltages: R1, voltage detection, converting the output voltage of each battery into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter; R2, current detection, measuring the battery current output through the current sensor and operational amplifier and performing signal amplification and processing; R3, temperature detection, converting the battery temperature into a digital value through a temperature sensor and an analog-to-digital converter to provide temperature information; R4, data processing and analysis, data processing and analysis are realized through embedded processors; R5, battery status assessment, combined with real-time collected battery information, the actual status of the battery is assessed through the battery characteristic calibration model; R6, charge and discharge control, dynamically adjust the charging current, charging cut-off voltage and load management through pulse width control method to optimize the use of the battery; R7, user interaction and feedback, through the LCD display, LED indicator and buzzer to provide users with at least real-time display and alarm including battery status, capacity and life information; and through the communication interface I2C to achieve information interaction and feedback with external devices.

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