Circular sprinkler precision variable irrigation control system based on weather prediction

Abstract

The application relates to the field of crop irrigation technology, in particular to a circular sprinkling machine precision variable irrigation control system based on weather prediction, which comprises the following: a sensor device used for acquiring agricultural information in a specified farmland; a first control center used for acquiring an input data set based on the agricultural information and inputting the input data into a pre-trained convolutional neural network to obtain an initial irrigation amount of the specified farmland; and a second control center arranged at the center of the specified farmland and used for determining a water supply amount based on the agricultural information, pre-acquired weather prediction information of a region to which the specified farmland belongs and the initial irrigation amount of the specified farmland and sending a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount to a pumping station; the weather prediction information of the region to which the specified farmland belongs comprises next rainfall time, rainfall probability value, rainfall prediction value of the region to which the specified farmland belongs and prediction values of meteorological data of each day from the current time to a future specified date.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of crop irrigation technology, and in particular to a circular sprinkler precision variable irrigation control system based on weather prediction. BACKGROUND

[0002] Traditional irrigation methods usually rely on manual watering or automated drip irrigation and sprinkler equipment, which often requires a lot of manpower and material resources. With the continuous development of agricultural mechanization and the improvement of people's living standards, automated and water-saving efficient irrigation methods are becoming more and more popular. Circular sprinklers have become one of the most advanced fixed irrigation equipment in the world today due to their efficiency and water-saving characteristics.

[0003] However, the current technology only considers soil water depth as an irrigation index when using a circular sprinkler, so it cannot obtain the optimal irrigation amount in the farmland and does not take into account future weather conditions, so it may rain shortly after irrigating crops, resulting in water waste, as the soil is too wet due to the previous watering, which affects crop growth and health. In general, this phenomenon shows the incoordination between irrigation and rainfall. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a circular sprinkler precision variable irrigation control system based on weather prediction.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the main technical solutions adopted by the present application include:

[0006] The present application provides a circular sprinkler precision variable irrigation control system based on weather prediction, which comprises:

[0007] A sensor device for obtaining agricultural information in a specified farmland;

[0008] The agricultural information includes soil moisture, crop coefficient Kc in the farmland, soil water content, normalized vegetation index, and meteorological data for calculating evaporation and transpiration;

[0009] A first control center for obtaining an input data set based on the agricultural information, and inputting the input data into a pre-trained convolutional neural network to obtain an initial irrigation amount for the specified farmland;

[0010] The input data set includes soil moisture, soil water content, and normalized vegetation index;

[0011] The convolutional neural network is trained by using the training data to obtain a trained convolutional neural network; the training data includes a plurality of input data sets obtained according to historical time and an actual irrigation amount corresponding to each input data set;

[0012] The second control center is arranged at the center of the specified farmland, and is configured to determine the water supply amount based on the agricultural information, weather prediction information of a region to which the specified farmland belongs, and an initial irrigation amount of the specified farmland, and send a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount to the pumping station.

[0013] The weather prediction information of the region to which the specified farmland belongs includes next rainfall time, rainfall probability value, rainfall prediction value, and prediction value of meteorological data of each day from the current time to a future specified date of the region to which the specified farmland belongs.

[0014] Preferably, the water supply amount is determined based on the agricultural information and the weather prediction information of the region to which the specified farmland belongs, and the water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount is sent to the pumping station, and specifically includes:

[0015] The current irrigation demand amount of the specified farmland is obtained based on the agricultural information and the initial irrigation amount of the specified farmland, and it is determined whether the current irrigation demand amount is greater than 0 to obtain a first determination result.

[0016] If the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand amount is less than or equal to 0, it is determined that the specified farmland is not supplied with water.

[0017] If the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand amount is greater than 0, the water supply amount is determined based on the current irrigation demand amount, the weather prediction information of the region to which the specified farmland belongs, and / or a first preset value and / or a second preset value and / or the agricultural information, and the water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount is sent to the pumping station.

[0018] Preferably,

[0019] The current irrigation demand amount of the specified farmland is obtained by using formula (1);

[0020] The formula (1) is:

[0021] Wd=(We+Wb) / 2;

[0022] Wherein, Wd is the current irrigation demand amount of the specified farmland;

[0023] We is the initial irrigation amount of the specified farmland obtained by the pre-trained convolutional neural network;

[0024] Wb is the theoretical irrigation amount obtained based on the agricultural information;

[0025] Wb = E - H + (a · NDVI + b · H) · (E - H);

[0026] E is the evapotranspiration from i days ago to the current time;

[0027] wherein E = Kc · ET 01 + Kc · ET 02 +... + Kc · ET 0i ;

[0028] Kc is a crop coefficient;

[0029] ET 0i is the evapotranspiration of the i-th day before the current time; ET 0i is calculated by the meteorological data of the i-th day before;

[0030] H is the soil moisture depth; H = H percentage x D;

[0031] H percentage is the soil water content;

[0032] D is the effective depth of the soil in the farmland obtained in advance;

[0033] NDVI is a normalized vegetation index;

[0034] a is a first preset weight coefficient;

[0035] b is a second preset weight coefficient.

[0036] Preferably, if the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, then based on the current irrigation demand and the weather prediction information and / or the first preset value and / or the second preset value and / or the agricultural information of the region to which the specified farmland belongs, the water supply amount is determined, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount is sent to the pump station, specifically including:

[0037] If the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is less than 0, it is determined whether the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time in the weather prediction information of the region to which the specified farmland belongs is greater than a first preset value, if the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time is greater than the first preset value, the current irrigation demand of the specified farmland is taken as a first water supply amount, and a first water supply instruction is sent to the pump station;

[0038] The first water supply instruction is an instruction for controlling the pump station to supply water according to the first water supply amount.

[0039] Preferably, if the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, a water supply amount is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the weather prediction information and / or the first preset value and / or the second preset value and / or the agricultural information of the region to which the specified farmland belongs, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount is sent to the pump station, specifically including:

[0040] If the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, it is determined whether the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time is less than the second preset value, and if it is less than the second preset value, it is determined whether the current soil moisture is lower than the pre-set minimum moisture value, and if the current soil moisture is lower than the pre-set minimum moisture value, a second water supply amount is determined, and a second water supply instruction is sent to the pump station;

[0041] The first preset value is greater than the second preset value.

[0042] The second water supply instruction is an instruction for controlling the pump station to supply water according to the second water supply amount.

[0043] The second water supply amount is a water supply amount that can make the soil moisture of the specified farmland collected by the sensor device reach the minimum moisture value.

[0044] If the current soil moisture is greater than or equal to the pre-set minimum moisture value, it is determined not to supply water to the specified farmland.

[0045] Preferably, if the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, a water supply amount is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the weather prediction information and / or the first preset value and / or the second preset value and / or the agricultural information of the region to which the specified farmland belongs, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount is sent to the pump station, specifically including:

[0046] If the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, and the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time is greater than or equal to the second preset value and less than or equal to the first preset value, it is determined whether the first value is less than the second value, and if the first value is less than the second value, a third water supply amount is determined, and a third water supply instruction is sent to the pump station.

[0047] The third water supply instruction is an instruction for controlling the pump station to supply water according to the third water supply amount.

[0048] The third water supply amount is a water supply amount that can make the soil moisture of the specified farmland collected by the sensor device reach the minimum moisture value.

[0049] If the first value is greater than or equal to the second value, a fourth water supply amount is determined according to the first value and the second value, and a fourth water supply instruction is sent to the pump station.

[0050] The fourth water supply instruction is an instruction for controlling the pump station to supply water according to a fourth water supply amount; the fourth water supply amount is a difference between a first value and a second value.

[0051] The first value and the second value are respectively obtained according to the current irrigation demand of the specified farmland and weather prediction information.

[0052] Preferably, the first value is calculated according to the current irrigation demand of the specified farmland and weather prediction information by using formula (2).

[0053] The formula (2) is as follows:

[0054] The first value = Wd + Q.

[0055] Q is the evapotranspiration between the next rainfall time and the current time.

[0056] Q = Kc·ET 11 + Kc·ET 12 +... + Kc·ET 1t .

[0057] t is a difference between a date corresponding to the next rainfall time and a date corresponding to the current time; ET 1t is the evapotranspiration corresponding to the tth day in the future; ET 1t is calculated by using a prediction value of meteorological data of the tth day in the future.

[0058] The second value is calculated according to weather prediction information by using formula (3).

[0059] The formula (3) is as follows:

[0060] The second value = w t × G 降 .

[0061] w t is a rainfall probability value.

[0062] G 降 is a rainfall prediction value.

[0063] Preferably, the minimum humidity value is a humidity value when the crops in the farmland begin to appear water stress conditions.

[0064] Preferably, if the interval between the current time and the last irrigation or rainfall time is greater than 10 days, i is 5.

[0065] If the time interval between the current time and the last irrigation or rainfall is less than or equal to 10 days, i is the number of days corresponding to the time interval between the current time and the last irrigation or rainfall.

[0066] Preferably, a pump station is used to control the water pump and adjust the hydraulic control valve according to the water supply instruction to supply the circular sprinkler water source arranged on the designated farmland.

[0067] The water pump is connected to the circular sprinkler on the designated farmland through a pipeline, and the hydraulic control valve is arranged on the pipeline.

[0068] The second control center is also connected to a cloud server.

[0069] The beneficial effects of the present application are that the circular sprinkler precision variable irrigation control system based on weather prediction can accurately control the water quantity according to the specific needs of crops, avoiding the problems of excessive or insufficient watering in traditional irrigation methods.

[0070] The circular sprinkler precision variable irrigation control system based on weather prediction uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to train historical data, and the system can predict the most suitable initial irrigation amount according to the specific conditions and historical irrigation amount of the farmland. This intelligent decision-making can improve irrigation efficiency.

[0071] The circular sprinkler precision variable irrigation control system based on weather prediction not only considers the current farmland conditions, but also integrates weather prediction information (such as rainfall time and probability), so as to evaluate the impact of rainfall on irrigation demand in advance and avoid water resource waste caused by rainfall. By combining agricultural information and weather data, the system dynamically adjusts the water supply, maximizes the use of rainfall and soil moisture, and thus achieves the goal of water saving and reduces water resource waste. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0072] Figure 1 Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a circular sprinkler precision variable irrigation control system based on weather prediction of the present application.

[0073] Figure 2 Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a circular sprinkler precision variable irrigation control system based on weather prediction in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] In order to better explain the present application and facilitate understanding, the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through specific embodiments.

[0075] For a better understanding of the above technical solutions, the exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present application can be more clearly, thoroughly understood and the scope of the present application can be completely conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0076] Referring to Figure 1 , a weather prediction-based circular sprinkler precision variable irrigation control system in the embodiment, the system comprises:

[0077] a sensor device for acquiring agricultural information in a specified farmland;

[0078] The agricultural information includes soil moisture, crop coefficient Kc in the farmland, soil water content, normalized difference vegetation index, and meteorological data for calculating evapotranspiration;

[0079] The sensor device in the embodiment includes a soil moisture sensor, a soil temperature sensor, a crop coefficient (Kc) calculation module, a soil water content sensor, a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) sensor (which can be a ground sensor or a sensor carried by a drone), a meteorological data acquisition sensor (a weather station or a meteorological sensor, including a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an anemometer, a rain gauge, etc.), and a water flow sensor;

[0080] In the embodiment, soil moisture reflects the content of water in the soil and affects the growth and health of plants. Crop coefficient (Kc) is used to measure the water demand of crops, as different crops have different water demands. Soil water content is the percentage of actual water in the soil and is directly related to the water demand of crops. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is calculated by remote sensing technology and reflects the growth and health of crops. Meteorological data includes temperature, humidity, wind speed, etc., and is used to calculate evapotranspiration. In the embodiment, evapotranspiration is calculated using the Penman-Monteith Equation.

[0081] a first control center for acquiring an input data set based on the agricultural information, and inputting the input data into a pre-trained convolutional neural network to obtain an initial irrigation amount of the specified farmland;

[0082] The input data set includes soil moisture, soil water content, and normalized difference vegetation index;

[0083] The convolutional neural network is trained by using the training data to obtain a trained convolutional neural network; the training data includes a plurality of input data sets obtained according to historical time and an actual irrigation amount corresponding to each input data set;

[0084] The second control center is arranged at the center of the specified farmland, and is configured to determine the water supply amount based on the agricultural information, weather prediction information of a region to which the specified farmland belongs, and an initial irrigation amount of the specified farmland, and send a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount to the pumping station.

[0085] The weather prediction information of the region to which the specified farmland belongs includes next rainfall time, rainfall probability value, rainfall prediction value of the region to which the specified farmland belongs, and prediction values of meteorological data of each day from the current time to a future specified date.

[0086] The second control center is arranged at the center of the specified farmland, and is configured to determine the water supply amount based on the agricultural information, weather prediction information of a region to which the specified farmland belongs, and an initial irrigation amount of the specified farmland, and send a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount to the pumping station.

[0087] The current irrigation demand amount of the specified farmland is obtained based on the agricultural information and the initial irrigation amount of the specified farmland, and it is determined whether the current irrigation demand amount is greater than 0 to obtain a first determination result.

[0088] The current irrigation demand amount of the specified farmland is obtained by using formula (1);

[0089] The formula (1) is as follows:

[0090] Wd=(We+Wb) / 2;

[0091] Wd is the current irrigation demand amount of the specified farmland;

[0092] We is the initial irrigation amount of the specified farmland obtained by the pre-trained convolutional neural network;

[0093] Wb is a theoretical irrigation amount obtained based on the agricultural information;

[0094] In the embodiment, the formula (1) combines the initial irrigation amount We calculated by the convolutional neural network (CNN) and the theoretical irrigation amount Wb based on the agricultural information, and fully utilizes the advantages of the two different methods. If the convolutional neural network predicts the initial irrigation amount based on historical data, and the theoretical calculation considers the current soil humidity and meteorological conditions, the fusion can make up for the deviation of a single method.

[0095] Wb=E-H+(a·NDVI+b·H)·(E-H);

[0096] E is the evapotranspiration amount (unit: mm) from i days ago to the current time;

[0097] If the time interval from the current time to the last irrigation or rainfall is greater than 10 days, i is 5;

[0098] If the time interval from the current time to the last irrigation or rainfall is less than or equal to 10 days, i is the number of days corresponding to the time interval from the current time to the last irrigation or rainfall. (In this embodiment, the value of i is dynamically adjusted according to the time interval, so that the model can more flexibly respond to different weather and soil conditions. This adaptability makes the calculation of irrigation demand more real-time and accurate. In drought conditions, if the time interval is long (more than 10 days), a fixed i value (such as 5) can be used to consider the past evapotranspiration trend and avoid calculation deviation due to short-term fluctuations. In the case of recent irrigation or rainfall, dynamically adjust i to make it more closely integrated with the actual weather conditions, improving the accuracy of the calculation.)

[0099] wherein E = Kc·ET 01 + Kc·ET 02 +... + Kc·ET 0i ;

[0100] Kc is a crop coefficient (dimensionless);

[0101] ET 0i is the evapotranspiration amount (unit: mm) of the i-th day before the current time; ET 0i is calculated by the meteorological data of the i-th day before the current time;

[0102] H is the soil moisture depth (unit: mm); H = H percentage × D;

[0103] H percentage is the soil water content (percentage (%) or decimal (0-1));

[0104] D is the effective depth of the soil in the farmland obtained in advance (unit: mm);

[0105] NDVI is the normalized vegetation index (value between [-1, 1], unitless);

[0106] a is a first preset weight coefficient (dimensionless);

[0107] b is a second preset weight coefficient (dimensionless).

[0108] In this embodiment, by considering evapotranspiration, soil moisture depth and plant growth conditions (through NDVI), the required irrigation amount can be more accurately calculated, thereby reducing the waste of water resources. The theoretical irrigation amount Wb calculation formula takes into account environmental changes (such as climate, crop growth conditions), so that the irrigation amount can be adjusted in real time to avoid over-irrigation or insufficient irrigation. By integrating multiple factors, this formula helps optimize irrigation scheduling and improve the efficiency of water resources, which has a positive impact on sustainable agricultural development.

[0109] In this embodiment, the theoretical irrigation amount Wb calculation formula integrates evapotranspiration, soil moisture and crop growth conditions (NDVI) to more accurately calculate the required irrigation amount and avoid unnecessary water waste. Moreover, because real-time agricultural information (such as soil moisture and NDVI) is considered, irrigation decisions are more flexible, avoiding water waste caused by over-irrigation. By precisely controlling soil moisture depth, the stress on crop growth caused by excessive or insufficient water is prevented, improving crop health and yield. Additionally, because the theoretical irrigation amount Wb calculation formula takes into account meteorological data and crop water demand changes, it helps cope with the uncertainty brought about by climate change, improving the adaptability of agriculture.

[0110] If the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is less than or equal to 0, it is determined that water supply is not performed on the specified farmland; for example, in the case where the current soil moisture is sufficient, after determining that the current irrigation demand is less than or equal to 0, the system can automatically stop irrigation to avoid unnecessary water excess.

[0111] If the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, the water supply amount is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the pre-acquired weather forecast information and / or first preset value and / or second preset value and / or agricultural information of the region to which the specified farmland belongs, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount is issued to the pump station.

[0112] If the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, the water supply amount is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the pre-acquired weather forecast information and / or first preset value and / or second preset value and / or agricultural information of the region to which the specified farmland belongs, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount is issued to the pump station, specifically including:

[0113] If the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, it is determined whether the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time in the weather forecast information of the region to which the specified farmland belongs is greater than a first preset value, and if the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time is greater than the first preset value, the current irrigation demand of the specified farmland is taken as the first water supply amount, and a first water supply instruction is issued to the pump station;

[0114] The first water supply instruction is an instruction for controlling the pump station to supply water according to a first water supply amount.

[0115] In this embodiment, if the rainfall time is close, the delayed water supply can avoid excessive irrigation and save valuable water resources, which is particularly important in arid regions. In the case where rainfall is imminent, irrigation is not performed, which can greatly reduce water waste.

[0116] If the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, the water supply amount is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the weather prediction information and / or the first preset value and / or the second preset value and / or the agricultural information of the region to which the specified farmland belongs, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount is sent to the pump station, specifically including:

[0117] If the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, it is determined whether the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time is less than a second preset value, and if it is less than the second preset value, it is determined whether the current soil moisture is lower than a preset minimum moisture value, and if the current soil moisture is lower than the preset minimum moisture value, a second water supply amount is determined, and a second water supply instruction is sent to the pump station.

[0118] The first preset value is greater than the second preset value.

[0119] The second water supply instruction is an instruction for controlling the pump station to supply water according to a second water supply amount.

[0120] The second water supply amount is a water supply amount that can make the soil moisture of the specified farmland collected by the sensor device reach the minimum moisture value.

[0121] If the current soil moisture is greater than or equal to the preset minimum moisture value, it is determined that the specified farmland is not supplied with water.

[0122] In this embodiment, by judging the interval between the rainfall time and the current time, the system can reasonably allocate the irrigation amount. If the rainfall time is close, the system can choose to provide less water to adapt to the upcoming rainfall and avoid excessive irrigation. If the rainfall will come in the near future, the system will take this factor into account and avoid providing excess water before the rainfall. By judging whether the soil moisture is lower than the minimum moisture value, the system can ensure that irrigation is only performed when needed, which can avoid unnecessary water waste. If the soil moisture has reached the preset minimum level, the system will not issue a water supply instruction, thereby protecting water resources.

[0123] If the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, a water supply amount is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the weather prediction information and / or the first preset value and / or the second preset value and / or the agricultural information of the region to which the specified farmland belongs, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount is sent to the pump station, specifically including:

[0124] If the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, and the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time is greater than or equal to the second preset value and less than or equal to the first preset value, it is determined whether the first value is less than the second value, and if the first value is less than the second value, a third water supply amount is determined, and a third water supply instruction is sent to the pump station;

[0125] The first value is calculated according to the current irrigation demand of the specified farmland and the weather prediction information using formula (2);

[0126] The formula (2) is:

[0127] The first value = Wd + Q;

[0128] Q is the evapotranspiration between the next rainfall time and the current time;

[0129] Where Q = Kc·ET 11 + Kc·ET 12 +... + Kc·ET 1t ;

[0130] t is the difference between the date corresponding to the next rainfall time and the date corresponding to the current time; ET 1t is the evapotranspiration corresponding to the tth day in the future; ET 1t is calculated by the predicted value of the meteorological data of the tth day in the future;

[0131] In this embodiment, formula (2) combines the actual demand of the soil (Wd) and the environmental changes (evapotranspiration Q), ensuring that the irrigation decision is based on comprehensive data. By taking evapotranspiration into account, it can adapt to climate change, such as changes in temperature and humidity, reflecting the actual water demand of crops. The calculated first value helps to discover and solve the problem of water shortage of crops in time, and prevent growth obstacles caused by insufficient water. Therefore, the first value in this embodiment is based on the current irrigation demand and weather prediction, reflecting the actual demand under the current environmental conditions;

[0132] The second value is calculated according to the weather prediction information using formula (3);

[0133] The formula (3) is:

[0134] The second value = wt xG 降 ;

[0135] w t is a rainfall probability value;

[0136] G 降 is a rainfall amount prediction value.

[0137] In this embodiment, by combining rainfall probability with rainfall amount, the expected rainfall can be quantified, providing more reliable data support for irrigation decision-making. The rainfall probability value in formula (3) helps to assess the uncertainty of rainfall, enabling agricultural managers to better cope with possible climate change. According to the predicted rainfall amount, irrigation time and water amount can be reasonably arranged to avoid unnecessary irrigation when it is about to rain, thereby saving water resources. By effectively predicting rainfall, farmland irrigation can be combined with natural precipitation to achieve more efficient use of water resources and reduce waste. In this embodiment, the second value takes into account the probability and expected rainfall amount of rainfall. This combination can make irrigation decisions more scientific and reasonable.

[0138] The third water supply instruction is an instruction for controlling the pump station to supply water according to a third water supply amount;

[0139] The third water supply amount is a water supply amount that can make the soil moisture of the specified farmland collected by the sensor device reach a minimum moisture value;

[0140] If the first value is greater than or equal to the second value, a fourth water supply amount is determined according to the first value and the second value, and a fourth water supply instruction is sent to the pump station;

[0141] The fourth water supply instruction is an instruction for controlling the pump station to supply water according to a fourth water supply amount; and the fourth water supply amount is the difference between the first value and the second value.

[0142] The first value and the second value are obtained according to the current irrigation demand of the specified farmland and weather forecast information, respectively.

[0143] The minimum moisture value is the moisture value at which the crops in the farmland begin to show water stress conditions.

[0144] In this embodiment, the minimum moisture value can serve as an early warning signal for water stress, enabling farmers to take timely measures to prevent crops from suffering greater damage. Ensuring that the soil moisture does not fall below this threshold helps to maintain the growth environment of crops and reduce growth stagnation and yield reduction caused by water deficiency.

[0145] The pump station is used to control the water pump and adjust the hydraulic control valve according to the water supply instruction to supply water to the circular sprinkler water source arranged on the specified farmland;

[0146] The water pump is connected to a circular sprinkler on a designated farmland through a pipeline, and the hydraulic control valve is arranged on the pipeline.

[0147] The second control center is also connected to a cloud server.

[0148] The weather prediction-based precision variable irrigation control system for circular sprinklers in this embodiment can accurately irrigate according to the specific needs of crops by monitoring soil moisture and weather data in real time. This precision not only improves water use efficiency, but also ensures that crops receive the best growing conditions and reduces water waste. The system can flexibly respond to different weather conditions and crop needs when determining the current irrigation demand. If the irrigation demand is greater than 0, the water supply will continue to be evaluated. Based on weather prediction information and soil moisture, the system can automatically determine whether to supply water and the amount. This real-time adjustment makes irrigation decisions more flexible, avoiding over-irrigation or insufficient irrigation. In the case of impending rainfall, the system will determine whether to delay water supply, which can effectively save water resources, especially in water-scarce areas, avoiding unnecessary waste. By setting a minimum humidity value, the soil humidity is kept within a safe range to prevent negative effects on crops due to water shortage.

[0149] The system dynamically adjusts the calculation method of irrigation demand based on the time interval of the last irrigation or rainfall, making the irrigation strategy better adapt to climate change and soil conditions. The system can flexibly adjust the water supply strategy and weight coefficient according to different crops and soil types to ensure adaptation to different agricultural needs. Through precise water management, crops can grow in the best water environment, reducing growth stress caused by excessive or insufficient water, thereby improving crop health and yield. Combined with sensor data and machine learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks, the system realizes intelligent agricultural management, making decisions more data-driven and scientific. This intelligence not only improves the efficiency of agricultural production, but also provides farmers with more efficient management tools.

[0150] In this embodiment, the pump station is used to control the water pump and adjust the hydraulic control valve according to the water supply instructions to supply water to the circular sprinkler on the designated farmland. The pump station is connected to the circular sprinkler through a pipeline, and the hydraulic control valve is arranged on the pipeline to accurately adjust the water flow.

[0151] In addition, referring to Figure 2 , the pump station in this embodiment is also equipped with a solenoid valve and its controller, which are arranged on the pipeline connecting the water supply pipe of the sprinkler and the sprinkler head, and are specifically used to receive instructions from the second control center. Specifically, the second control center can send two main information to the solenoid valve through the controller:

[0152] 1. Opening and closing instructions of electromagnetic valves: The control center directly controls the state of electromagnetic valves by sending opening or closing instructions. Electromagnetic valves make corresponding opening and closing actions according to instructions, thereby controlling the water flow of the sprinkler.

[0153] 2. Duty cycle: This parameter is used to define the ratio of opening and closing time of electromagnetic valves in a period of time, thereby controlling the time and intensity of spraying. By adjusting the duty cycle, precise irrigation amount can be achieved.

[0154] When electromagnetic valves receive these instructions, they will control their own on-off state according to the instructions to achieve water flow control of the sprinkler. When the electromagnetic valve is opened, water flows through the water pipe into the sprinkler and starts to spray; when the electromagnetic valve is closed, the water flow is cut off and the spraying stops.

[0155] Therefore, the second control center can adjust the state of electromagnetic valves through the controller to achieve dynamic response to the irrigation needs of different areas. The use of electromagnetic valves can improve the flexibility of the system and achieve precise irrigation in specific areas. For example, in a large farmland, the soil types, crop types and growth states of different areas are different, so their water demand is also different. Using traditional irrigation methods, it is often difficult to achieve precise irrigation, which can easily cause excessive irrigation or water shortage in some areas.

[0156] In this case, the pump station is equipped with multiple electromagnetic valves connected to different irrigation areas through pipes. At the same time, these electromagnetic valves are connected to the cloud server, allowing the second control center to monitor and adjust their state in real time through the remote control system.

[0157] Sensors periodically measure soil moisture in different areas and transmit data to the cloud server.

[0158] For example, the soil moisture of area A is 30%, and the soil moisture of area B is 50%.

[0159] According to real-time monitoring data, the second control center analyzes that the soil moisture of area A is lower than the preset minimum moisture value, while the moisture of area B has reached the ideal level. The system will automatically send instructions to the electromagnetic valves to open the electromagnetic valves of area A and close the electromagnetic valves of area B. When the electromagnetic valves are opened, water flows into area A through the pipes, while area B is no longer supplied with water. This can ensure that the crops in area A get enough water, while area B avoids unnecessary waste of water resources. If the weather forecast shows that it will rain in the next few days, the system can automatically adjust the irrigation plan according to the probability of rainfall. For example, if it is predicted that rainfall will restore the soil moisture of area A to the ideal level, the system can close the electromagnetic valves of area A in advance.

[0160] With remote control, farm managers can quickly adjust irrigation strategies based on real-time data without having to be physically present. This reduces unnecessary irrigation, optimizes water resource usage, and improves overall irrigation efficiency. Ensuring that each region's crops receive the right amount of water promotes healthy crop growth. Through analysis of soil moisture and weather data, scientific decision-making is achieved, enhancing the intelligent level of agricultural production management.

[0161] Additionally, the radial speed of the circular sprinkler can be adjusted in real-time based on the growth needs of the crops and soil moisture. Through the collection of agricultural information by sensors, the system can automatically adjust the movement speed of the circular sprinkler, achieving precise spraying control. Controlling the radial speed ensures that the water stream uniformly covers each unit area of the designated farmland, avoiding over-irrigation or water shortage, and improving the efficiency of water resource use.

[0162] For example, in modern agriculture, different crops have different growth needs and soil moisture conditions. Therefore, when using a circular sprinkler for precise irrigation, adjusting its radial speed is crucial. This ensures that each region receives uniform water supply, improving crop growth conditions and water resource efficiency. In a diversified crop farmland, the circular sprinkler is equipped with multiple sensors to monitor soil moisture, temperature, and crop growth conditions in real time. These sensors transmit data to the central control system in real time.

[0163] The sensors are set to collect data on soil moisture and crop growth conditions at regular intervals in the field. For example, the soil moisture in region A is 25%, while the moisture in region B is 40%.

[0164] After receiving the data, the central control system finds that the moisture in region A is lower than the set minimum level, indicating the need for more water. While the moisture in region B has reached the ideal state. The system adjusts the radial speed of the circular sprinkler according to the needs of region A. In region A, the circular sprinkler slows down to spray more water in this area; while in region B, the circular sprinkler speeds up to reduce water spraying time.

[0165] When the circular sprinkler is in region A, it sprays water at a slower speed to ensure that the water can fully penetrate the soil, effectively increasing the soil moisture. In region B, the circular sprinkler moves at a faster speed to ensure that it does not over-irrigate, thereby avoiding water waste and potential crop root diseases.

[0166] As the weather changes or future rainfall is predicted, the system will monitor and adjust the radial speed in real time. For example, if it is predicted that it will rain in the next two days, the system will accordingly increase the speed of the circular sprinkler to reduce irrigation frequency.

[0167] By adjusting the radial speed of the circular sprinkler, uniform irrigation of each unit area is ensured, avoiding excessive or insufficient irrigation in certain areas. Precise adjustment reduces unnecessary water waste, helping to save water resources and reduce agricultural production costs. Suitable water supply helps the healthy growth of crops, reduces water stress, and improves crop yield and quality. Through real-time data analysis and automatic adjustment, farm managers can achieve more efficient and scientific irrigation management.

[0168] In this embodiment, the remote control of the electromagnetic valve and the radial speed adjustment are combined, and the system can accurately control each irrigation unit. According to the real-time acquired soil moisture and weather data, the system can automatically determine the irrigation demand of each area, accurately adjust the water flow and spraying speed, ensure uniform water distribution, and maximize the growth demand of crops while reducing water waste.

[0169] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "first", "second" are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0170] In the present application, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection", "fixing" and the like should be broadly understood, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integrated; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intermediate medium; it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0171] In the present application, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, the first feature is "on" or "under" the second feature, which can be direct contact between the first and second features, or indirect contact between the first and second features through intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature is "above", "above" and "above" the second feature, which can be directly above or obliquely above the first feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature is "below", "below" and "below" the second feature, which can be directly below or obliquely below the first feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is lower than that of the second feature.

[0172] In the description of the specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "an embodiment", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are contained in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, the person skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in the specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0173] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above-described embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present application, and the person skilled in the art can modify, modify, replace and modify the above-described embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A weather forecast based precision variable irrigation control system for circular sprinkler, characterized in that, The system comprises: a sensor device for acquiring agricultural information in a specified farmland; the agricultural information comprises soil humidity, crop coefficient Kc in the farmland, soil water content, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and meteorological data for calculating evapotranspiration; a first control center for acquiring an input data set based on the agricultural information and inputting the input data into a pre-trained convolutional neural network to obtain an initial irrigation amount of the specified farmland; the input data set comprises soil humidity, soil water content and NDVI; wherein the convolutional neural network is trained by using pre-acquired training data to obtain a trained convolutional neural network; the training data comprises a plurality of input data sets acquired according to historical time and an actual irrigation amount corresponding to each input data set; a second control center arranged at the center of the specified farmland for determining whether a current irrigation demand is greater than 0 to obtain a first determination result, and if the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, determining a water supply amount based on the current irrigation demand, pre-acquired weather prediction information of a region to which the specified farmland belongs, agricultural information, a first preset value and / or a second preset value, and issuing a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount to a pumping station; the current irrigation demand of the specified farmland is acquired by using formula (1); the formula (1) is: Wd = (We + Wb) / 2; wherein Wd is the current irrigation demand of the specified farmland; We is the initial irrigation amount of the specified farmland obtained by the pre-trained convolutional neural network; and Wb is a theoretical irrigation amount acquired based on the agricultural information; the current irrigation demand of the specified farmland is acquired based on the agricultural information and the initial irrigation amount of the specified farmland; the first preset value and the second preset value are respectively a threshold value of a time interval between a next rainfall time and a current time; wherein the weather prediction information of the region to which the specified farmland belongs comprises a next rainfall time of the region to which the specified farmland belongs, a rainfall probability value, a rainfall amount prediction value and a prediction value of meteorological data of each day from the current time to a future specified date.

2. The weather forecast based precision variable irrigation control system for circular sprinkler irrigation machines as claimed in claim 1 wherein, if the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is less than or equal to 0, it is determined that the specified farmland is not supplied with water.

3. The weather prediction-based precision variable irrigation control system of the circular sprinkler according to claim 2, characterized in that, Wb = E - H + (a·NDVI + b·H)·(E - H); E is evapotranspiration from i days before the current time to the current time; where E = Kc•ET 01 + Kc•ET 02 +... + Kc•ET 0i ; Kc is a crop coefficient; ET 0i Evapotranspiration for the i-th day before the current time; ET 0i is calculated from the meteorological data of the i-th day before. H is the depth of soil moisture; H = H percentage x D; H percentage Soil water content; D is a pre-acquired effective depth of soil in the farmland; NDVI is a normalized difference vegetation index; a is a first preset weight coefficient; b is a second preset weight coefficient.

4. The weather forecast based precision variable irrigation control system for circular sprinkler irrigation machines as claimed in claim 3 wherein, if the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, a water supply amount is determined based on the current irrigation demand, pre-acquired weather prediction information of a region to which the specified farmland belongs, agricultural information, a first preset value and / or a second preset value, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount is issued to the pumping station, specifically comprising: If the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, it is determined whether a time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time in weather forecast information of the region to which the specified farmland belongs is greater than a first preset value, and if the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time is greater than the first preset value, the current irrigation demand of the specified farmland is taken as a first water supply amount, and a first water supply instruction is sent to the pump station; The first water supply instruction is an instruction for controlling the pump station to supply water according to the first water supply amount.

5. The weather forecast based precision variable irrigation control system for circular sprinkler irrigation machines as claimed in claim 4 wherein, If the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, a water supply amount is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the weather forecast information, agricultural information, the first preset value and / or the second preset value of the region to which the specified farmland belongs, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount is sent to the pump station, specifically including: If the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, it is determined whether a time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time is less than a second preset value, and if the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time is less than the second preset value, it is determined whether the current soil moisture is lower than a preset minimum moisture value, and if the current soil moisture is lower than the preset minimum moisture value, a second water supply amount is determined, and a second water supply instruction is sent to the pump station; The first preset value is greater than the second preset value; The second water supply instruction is an instruction for controlling the pump station to supply water according to the second water supply amount. The second water supply amount is a water supply amount that can make the soil moisture of the specified farmland collected by the sensor device reach the minimum moisture value. If the current soil moisture is greater than or equal to the preset minimum moisture value, it is determined not to supply water to the specified farmland.

6. The weather forecast based precision variable irrigation control system for circular sprinkler irrigation machines as claimed in claim 5 wherein, If the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, a water supply amount is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the weather forecast information, agricultural information, the first preset value and / or the second preset value of the region to which the specified farmland belongs, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount is sent to the pump station, specifically including: If the first determination result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, and the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time is greater than or equal to the second preset value and less than or equal to the first preset value, it is determined whether a first value is less than a second value, and if the first value is less than the second value, a third water supply amount is determined, and a third water supply instruction is sent to the pump station; The third water supply instruction is an instruction for controlling the pump station to supply water according to the third water supply amount. The third water supply amount is a water supply amount that can make the soil moisture of the specified farmland collected by the sensor device reach the minimum moisture value. If the first value is greater than or equal to the second value, a fourth water supply amount is determined according to the first value and the second value, and a fourth water supply instruction is sent to the pump station; The fourth water supply instruction is an instruction for controlling the pump station to supply water according to the fourth water supply amount. The fourth water supply amount is a difference between the first value and the second value. The first value and the second value are obtained according to the current irrigation demand of the specified farmland and the weather forecast information, respectively. 7.The weather forecast based precision variable irrigation control system of circular sprinkler according to claim 6, wherein, the first value is calculated according to the current irrigation requirement of the specified farmland and the weather forecast information by using formula (2) ; wherein, the formula (2) is: the first value = Wd+Q; Q is the evapotranspiration between the next rainfall time and the current time; where Q = Kc·ET 11 + Kc·ET 12 +... + Kc·ET 1t ; t is the difference between the date corresponding to the next rainfall time and the date corresponding to the current time; ET 1t is the evapotranspiration corresponding to the future day t; ET 1t is calculated by the forecast value of the meteorological data of the future day t; wherein, the second value is calculated according to the weather forecast information by using formula (3) ; the formula (3) is: Second value = w t x G 降 ; w t is the rainfall probability value; G 降 is the forecasted rainfall. 8.The weather forecast based precision variable irrigation control system of circular sprinkler according to claim 7, wherein, wherein the minimum humidity value is the humidity value when the crops in the farmland begin to appear water stress condition. 9.The weather forecast based precision variable irrigation control system of circular sprinkler according to claim 8, wherein, if the time interval between the current time and the last irrigation or rainfall is greater than 10 days, i is 5; if the time interval between the current time and the last irrigation or rainfall is less than or equal to 10 days, i is the number of days corresponding to the time interval between the current time and the last irrigation or rainfall. 10.The weather forecast based precision variable irrigation control system of circular sprinkler according to claim 9, wherein, a pump station for controlling a water pump and a hydraulic control valve according to the water supply instruction to supply water source for the circular sprinkler arranged on the specified farmland; the water pump is connected with the circular sprinkler on the specified farmland through a pipeline, and the hydraulic control valve is arranged on the pipeline; the second control center is further connected with a cloud server.

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