High-efficiency continuous biodiesel preparation device based on waste grease and working method

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient continuous biodiesel preparation device based on waste oil and a working method, and belongs to the technical field of biodiesel preparation. The device comprises a reaction assembly, a separation assembly and a recovery assembly, the reaction assembly comprises a reaction kettle and a raw material storage tank which are arranged at an interval, a metal shaft is rotationally connected in the reaction kettle, and the metal shaft is connected with a high-voltage power supply; the array needle electrodes are arranged on the metal shaft; the coil electrode sleeves the outer side of the array pin electrode in a clearance manner; the separation assembly comprises a first settling separation tank, a second settling separation tank, a biodiesel storage tank and a glycerol storage tank which are arranged at intervals; and the recovery assembly comprises a second hot steam pipeline and a methanol collecting tank. The array needle electrodes are arranged in the reaction kettle, so that the characteristic of heat and mass transfer between liquid and liquid is enhanced through the electric field under the condition of low-energy-consumption injection, and the reaction raw material mixture is placed in the high-voltage electric field, so that the ester exchange reaction process is quickly carried out in a short time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biodiesel preparation, and in particular to a highly efficient and continuous device for preparing biodiesel based on waste oil and fat and a working method. Background Art

[0002] Against the backdrop of rapid global economic development, the amount of waste grease, especially that generated by the catering and food processing industries, continues to increase. Traditional treatment methods such as discharge and landfill not only waste precious resources, but also cause serious environmental pollution. Converting waste grease into biodiesel can not only effectively reduce waste emissions and reduce environmental burdens, but also promote the construction of ecological civilization. At the same time, the global dependence on fossil fuels has triggered an energy crisis, and the depletion of oil resources and price fluctuations have prompted people to seek alternatives to renewable energy. As a clean and renewable energy source, biodiesel helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions, slow global warming, and provide support for achieving low-carbon economic goals. my country produces more than 5 million tons of waste cooking oil each year. If it is not properly handled, it will pollute the environment at best and endanger people's lives and health at worst. Therefore, converting waste cooking oil into biodiesel is widely regarded as the optimal solution with significant social and economic value.

[0003] At present, the method for preparing biodiesel mainly adopts intermittent batch production process, which has long reaction time, high production cost, high production waste, high energy consumption, and seriously affects its carbon emission reduction effect. On the other hand, biodiesel obtained by traditional process contains a large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid esters, poor oxidation stability, low cetane number, and its storage and use are seriously restricted, which cannot meet the requirements of industry regulations for biodiesel quality.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an efficient and continuous waste oil-based biodiesel preparation device and working method with fast reaction speed, simple equipment, high product quality and low energy consumption. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a high-efficiency continuous device and working method for preparing biodiesel based on waste oil and fat. The production equipment uses waste oil and fat as raw material and a solid catalyst as an ester exchange reaction catalyst to achieve efficient circulation of the solid catalyst and reduce equipment corrosion. An array of needle electrodes is arranged in the reactor to achieve high-voltage discharge and premixing of reactants. The coil electrode serves as a low-voltage electrode while hot steam is introduced into the tube to heat the coil. Through the coupling effect of the electric field and the waste heat of steam, the reaction time is greatly shortened, the product yield is improved, and the product separation efficiency is improved. The process is efficient and stable.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] An efficient and continuous device for preparing biodiesel based on waste oil and fat, comprising a reaction component, a separation component and a recovery component;

[0008] The reaction assembly includes a reactor and a raw material storage tank which are arranged at intervals. The bottom of the raw material storage tank is connected to the bottom of the reactor through a raw material delivery pipeline. A metal shaft is rotatably connected in the reactor, and a high-voltage power supply is connected to the metal shaft.

[0009] Array needle electrodes are arranged on the metal shaft;

[0010] A coil electrode for connecting to a low-voltage power supply, which is sleeved on the outside of the array needle electrode and communicated with the inner wall of the reactor;

[0011] A first hot steam pipeline is arranged at one side of the reactor and is connected to the air inlet of the coil electrode, and is used to introduce hot steam into the coil electrode;

[0012] The separation assembly comprises a first sedimentation separation tank, a second sedimentation separation tank, a biodiesel storage tank and a glycerol storage tank which are arranged at intervals; a liquid level gauge and a buoyancy gauge are arranged at intervals in the first sedimentation separation tank and the second sedimentation separation tank;

[0013] Wherein, the reactor is connected to the top of the first sedimentation separation tank and the top of the second sedimentation separation tank respectively through a product delivery pipeline and an electric three-way valve;

[0014] The biodiesel storage tank is connected to the bottom of the first sedimentation separation tank and the second sedimentation separation tank respectively through a biodiesel delivery pipeline;

[0015] The glycerin storage tank is connected to the bottom of the first sedimentation separation tank and the bottom of the second sedimentation separation tank respectively through a glycerin delivery pipeline;

[0016] The biodiesel storage tank and the glycerol storage tank are both provided with heating pipes;

[0017] The recovery assembly includes a second hot steam pipeline and a methanol collection tank;

[0018] The second hot steam pipeline is arranged at one side of the reactor, one end of which is connected to the gas outlet of the coil electrode, and the other end of which is connected to the two heating pipes through a tee.

[0019] The methanol collection tank is arranged between the reactor and the raw material storage tank, and the reactor, the biodiesel storage tank and the glycerol storage tank are all connected to the top of the methanol collection tank through a methanol vapor recovery pipeline;

[0020] The bottom of the methanol collecting tank is communicated with the bottom of the raw material storage tank through a methanol vapor delivery pipeline.

[0021] Furthermore, the bottom end of the metal shaft is rotatably connected to the bottom of the reactor via a thrust bearing; the top end of the metal shaft extends out of the top of the reactor and is connected to a driven gear; the metal shaft is rotatably connected to the top of the reactor via a bearing;

[0022] A motor is arranged at intervals on the top of the reactor, and a driving gear is drivingly connected to a driving end of the motor, and the driving gear is meshed with the driven gear.

[0023] Furthermore, both the biodiesel delivery pipeline and the glycerol delivery pipeline are connected with electronically controlled valves and flow meters.

[0024] Furthermore, the raw material delivery pipeline is connected to a raw material delivery pump, the product delivery pipeline is connected to a product delivery pump, and the methanol vapor delivery pipeline is connected to a methanol recovery pump.

[0025] A working method of the above-mentioned efficient and continuous waste oil-based biodiesel production device comprises the following specific steps:

[0026] S1, the mixed raw materials are delivered to the reactor through the raw material delivery pump, and the raw material delivery pump is closed after the liquid level reaches the set value;

[0027] S2, start the high-voltage power supply, adjust the voltage to control the discharge intensity of the array needle electrode, establish and maintain the required electric field; start the motor at the same time, the array needle electrode rotates to fully mix the reactants; hot steam enters the pipe of the coil electrode through the first hot steam pipe, and the reactants are heated to the set temperature by the residual heat of the steam; after the reaction is completed, turn off the high-voltage power supply and the motor;

[0028] S3, start the product delivery pump to deliver the reaction mixture to the separation component; during the sedimentation process, glycerol settles to the lower layer first due to its large density, and is discharged into the glycerol storage tank through the linkage control of the electronically controlled valve and the buoyancy meter; after the glycerol is discharged, the system automatically switches to biodiesel and discharges it into the biodiesel storage tank; after emptying, the biodiesel discharge valve automatically closes.

[0029] Furthermore, in step S3: the first sedimentation separation tank and the second sedimentation separation tank are operated in parallel; the electric three-way valve is switched by the signal control of the liquid level meter. When the liquid level reaches a preset upper limit value, the liquid level meter sends a signal to the electric three-way valve, and the electric three-way valve immediately switches the valve position, closing the discharge passage leading to the first sedimentation separation tank and simultaneously opening the passage leading to the second sedimentation separation tank; when the liquid level of the second sedimentation separation tank reaches the preset value, the system will switch again, and repeat this cycle to achieve continuous operation.

[0030] Furthermore, the product flow is monitored in real time by a flow meter during the entire separation process, and the hot steam in the coil electrode is discharged through the second hot steam pipeline and passed into the heating tubes in the biodiesel storage tank and the glycerin storage tank, where the residual methanol is vaporized and removed and discharged into the methanol collection tank through a methanol vapor recovery pipeline; at the same time, excess methanol vapor in the reactor enters the methanol collection tank through another methanol vapor recovery pipeline for condensation; the condensed methanol is subjected to necessary treatment and then refluxed to the raw material storage tank through the methanol vapor delivery pipeline for the next round of use.

[0031] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. High efficiency and rapidity: The present invention arranges array needle electrodes inside the reactor, which can realize the characteristics of heat and mass transfer between liquid and liquid phases under low energy consumption injection conditions by electric field enhancement, and places the reaction raw material mixture in a high-voltage electric field to realize the rapid ester exchange reaction process in a short time, greatly shortening the reaction time and improving the reaction rate.

[0033] 2. Green and environmentally friendly: The present invention uses waste oil as raw material, which effectively reduces environmental pollution and avoids the waste of resources and environmental burden caused by its direct discharge or disposal. In addition, it has a large output and a wide source, and the resulting product has good combustion performance. It is expected to get rid of the long-term dependence on fossil energy and be applied in the field of transportation, which will help achieve the goals of low-carbon energy and emission reduction.

[0034] 3. Catalytic synergy: The present invention uses a solid catalyst to catalyze the ester exchange reaction process. Under the action of the electric field, the presence of the solid catalyst promotes the liquid-liquid phase dispersion and increases the interfacial area. Under the catalytic synergy of the electric field and the solid catalyst, the preparation efficiency of biodiesel is improved.

[0035] 4. Utilization of waste heat: The present invention arranges coil electrodes in the reactor and introduces hot steam into the coil as a heat energy source for the reaction process; in addition, the hot steam is introduced into a biodiesel storage tank and a glycerin storage tank after being discharged from the reactor, and the methanol contained in the product is separated by the waste heat of the steam to ensure the purity of the product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall device provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the coil electrode in the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the array needle electrode in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a top view schematic diagram of the combined structure of the coil electrode and the array needle electrode in the present invention.

[0040] Among them: 1. Motor; 2. Driving gear; 3. Driven gear; 4. Bearing; 5. High-voltage power supply; 6. Reactor; 7. First hot steam pipeline; 8. Ground electrode; 9. Second hot steam pipeline; 10. Product delivery pump; 11. Electric three-way valve; 12. Liquid level meter; 13. First sedimentation separation tank; 14. Buoyancy meter; 15. Electric control valve; 16. Flow meter; 17. Second sedimentation separation tank; 18. Biodiesel storage tank; 19. Heating tube; 20. Thrust bearing; 21. Glycerin storage tank; 22. Methanol collection tank; 23. Methanol recovery pump; 24. Raw material storage tank; 25. Raw material delivery pump; 26. Coil electrode; 27. Metal shaft; 28. Array needle electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0042] Reference Figure 1-4 The present invention discloses a highly efficient and continuous device for preparing biodiesel based on waste oil, comprising a reaction component, a separation component and a recovery component;

[0043] The reaction assembly includes a reactor 6 and a raw material storage tank 24 that are arranged at intervals. The bottom of the raw material storage tank 24 is connected to the bottom of the reactor 6 through a raw material delivery pipeline. A raw material delivery pump 25 is connected to the raw material delivery pipeline. A metal shaft 27 is rotatably connected inside the reactor 6. An array needle electrode 28 is arranged on the metal shaft 27. A high-voltage power supply 5 is connected to the metal shaft 27.

[0044] The bottom end of the metal shaft 27 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the reactor 6 through a thrust bearing 20, and is axially fixed by the thrust bearing 20; the top end of the metal shaft 27 extends out of the top of the reactor 6 and is connected to a driven gear 3; the metal shaft 27 is rotatably connected to the top of the reactor 6 through a bearing 4, and a motor 1 is arranged at a spacing at the top of the reactor 6, and the driving end of the motor 1 is drivingly connected to a driving gear 2, and the driving gear 2 is meshed with the driven gear 3.

[0045] Specifically, the metal shaft 27 drives the driving gear 2 to rotate through the motor 1, so that the driven gear 3 drives the metal shaft 27 to rotate, and the rotation of the metal shaft 27 drives the array needle electrode 28 to rotate to premix the reactants. According to the needs of the reaction process, the speed of the metal shaft 27 is adjusted to ensure the mixing and pretreatment effects of the reactants at different stages.

[0046] According to this embodiment, preferably, considering the damage to the tip of the array needle electrode 28, the tip of the array needle electrode 28 is made of platinum material, which has excellent corrosion resistance and hardness, and can work stably for a long time in a high temperature and high pressure working environment. The high conductivity of platinum enables the array needle electrode 28 to conduct current efficiently, and the high hardness effectively avoids wear and damage to the electrode tip during the reaction process, thereby increasing the service life of the device.

[0047] like Figure 4 In this embodiment, the coil electrode 26 is sleeved on the outside of the array needle electrode 28 and is connected to the inner wall of the reactor 6 for connecting to a low-voltage power supply. The first hot steam pipeline 7 is arranged on one side of the reactor 6, one side of which is connected to the ground electrode 8 to ensure the grounding of the equipment and electrical safety, and the other side is connected to the air inlet of the coil electrode 26 for passing hot steam into the coil electrode 26 to heat the reactants.

[0048] Specifically, the coil electrode 26 is connected to a low-voltage power source and serves as a low-voltage electrode, while the array needle electrode 28 used in conjunction with the coil electrode 26 serves as a high-voltage electrode to strengthen the strength of the electric field and concentrate electric energy to process the fuel inside the reactor 6. The array needle electrode is arranged inside the reactor, and the reaction raw material mixture can be placed in a high-voltage electric field under low-energy injection conditions by strengthening the characteristics of heat and mass transfer between liquid and liquid phases through the electric field, so as to achieve a rapid transesterification reaction process in a short time, greatly shorten the reaction time, and increase the reaction rate. The array needle electrode 28, through its multi-point contact characteristics, enables the electric field to be evenly distributed throughout the reactor 6. This electrode structure is the core key of the present invention and determines the speed and energy efficiency of biodiesel preparation.

[0049] The present invention uses a solid catalyst to catalyze the ester exchange reaction process. Under the action of the electric field, the presence of the solid catalyst promotes liquid-liquid phase dispersion and increases the phase interface area. Under the catalytic synergistic effect of the electric field and the solid catalyst, the preparation efficiency of biodiesel is improved.

[0050] The reactor 6 is a conical structure, which is intended to give full play to the catalytic effect of the solid catalyst. During the reaction process, the solid catalyst is evenly dispersed in the reactants as the array needle electrode 28 rotates, ensuring the maximization of the catalytic effect. At the same time, the floating of the solid catalyst is effectively restricted to prevent it from reaching the upper part of the cone, thereby preventing it from rising with the liquid phase and entering the liquid product. Through this design, it is ensured that the final product does not contain solid particles, thereby improving the purity and quality of the product.

[0051] Considering that biomass liquid fuel may be soluble and corrosive to certain materials, the reactor 6 is made of insulating materials. For example, methanol is an extremely strong solvent that can dissolve many organic and inorganic substances. Therefore, the construction material of the reactor 6 must have good solubility resistance and corrosion resistance to avoid damage caused by reaction with the fuel. In addition, the corrosion resistance requirements of the reactor 6 are not limited to preventing the chemical reaction between the fuel and the container, but also include adaptability to the high temperature and high pressure environment that may be generated during the reaction process. In particular, when using polar solvents such as methanol, its corrosiveness may increase with the increase of temperature and pressure. Therefore, the design of the reactor 6 needs to fully consider the performance of high temperature and high pressure resistance. In order to ensure that the reactor 6 can withstand the pressure generated by the internal fuel, the thickness of the reactor wall and the supporting structure need to be optimized, and a multi-layer reinforced structure design is adopted to improve the pressure resistance and prevent the reactor from breaking or leaking during operation.

[0052] In this embodiment, the separation assembly includes a first sedimentation separation tank 13, a second sedimentation separation tank 17, a biodiesel storage tank 18 and a glycerol storage tank 21 which are arranged at intervals; a liquid level meter 12 and a buoyancy meter 14 are arranged at intervals in the first sedimentation separation tank 13 and the second sedimentation separation tank 17.

[0053] Among them, the reactor 6 is connected to the top of the first sedimentation separation tank 13 and the second sedimentation separation tank 17 through the product delivery pipeline and the electric three-way valve 11; the product delivery pipeline is connected to the product delivery pump 10. The biodiesel storage tank 18 is connected to the bottom of the first sedimentation separation tank 13 and the second sedimentation separation tank 17 through the biodiesel delivery pipeline; the glycerol storage tank 21 is connected to the bottom of the first sedimentation separation tank 13 and the second sedimentation separation tank 17 through the glycerol delivery pipeline. The biodiesel delivery pipeline and the glycerol delivery pipeline are both connected to the electric control valve 15 and the flow meter 16; the biodiesel storage tank 18 and the glycerol storage tank 21 are both provided with a heating pipe 19.

[0054] Specifically, the electric three-way valve 11 is controlled by the liquid level meter 12. When the liquid level in the first sedimentation separation tank 13 reaches the trigger position set by the liquid level meter 12, the liquid level meter 12 transmits a signal to the electric three-way valve 11 to trigger the switching operation of the valve. The electric three-way valve 11 closes the discharge passage of the first sedimentation separation tank 13 and opens the passage of the second sedimentation separation tank 17. By alternating the use of the two sedimentation separation tanks, the sedimentation separation process is ensured to continue, and the sedimentation separation is ensured to continue to operate efficiently, avoiding processing delays or reduced efficiency caused by the overload of a single device.

[0055] The electronically controlled valve 15 is controlled by the buoyancy meter 14, which further optimizes the distribution of glycerol and biodiesel during the separation process. Due to the high density of glycerol, it is located in the lower layer of the sedimentation separation tank and is discharged first. During the separation process, the electronically controlled valve 15 will first open the glycerol discharge valve to discharge the glycerol in the sedimentation separation tank. When the glycerol is completely discharged, the pressure in the system will suddenly change. The buoyancy meter 14 will sense this change and trigger a signal to close the glycerol discharge valve and then open the biodiesel discharge valve. At this time, biodiesel begins to be discharged from the first sedimentation separation tank 13 until all biodiesel is discharged. After emptying, the biodiesel discharge valve automatically closes to complete the product separation requirements. In order to improve the stability and reliability of the system, all liquid discharge and reflux pipes are designed with highly corrosion-resistant materials to ensure that the system can effectively prevent corrosion or damage under long-term operation.

[0056] In this embodiment, the recovery component includes a second hot steam pipeline 9 and a methanol collection tank 22; the second hot steam pipeline 9 is arranged on one side of the reactor 6, one end of which is connected to the gas outlet of the coil electrode 26, and the other end of which is connected to the two heating pipes 19 through a tee. The methanol collection tank 22 is arranged between the reactor 6 and the raw material storage tank 24, and the reactor 6, the biodiesel storage tank 18 and the glycerol storage tank 21 are all connected to the top of the methanol collection tank 22 through the methanol steam recovery pipeline. The bottom of the methanol collection tank 22 is connected to the bottom of the raw material storage tank 24 through the methanol steam delivery pipeline, and a methanol recovery pump 23 is connected to the methanol steam delivery pipeline.

[0057] Specifically, the second hot steam pipeline 9 leads the hot steam in the coil electrode 26, and passes through the pipeline to the serpentine heating pipe 19 in the biodiesel storage tank 18 and the glycerol storage tank 21 respectively, and effectively separates the residual methanol in the product through the steam waste heat. The methanol vapor vaporized by steam heating in the biodiesel storage tank 18 and the glycerol storage tank 21 enters the methanol collection tank 22 through the methanol vapor recovery pipeline. A methanol vapor recovery pipeline is also set on one side of the reactor 6, and the excess methanol vaporized by heating during the reaction process is passed into the methanol collection tank 22, where it is condensed into liquid methanol. The condensed liquid methanol is refluxed to the raw material storage tank 24 after treatment for the next round of use. A methanol recovery pump 23 is set on the pipeline between the methanol collection tank 22 and the raw material storage tank 24, which is used to adjust the liquid inlet flow rate, thereby controlling the recovery and reuse of methanol. The recovery system improves the recovery efficiency of methanol, reduces the waste of solvents, and effectively reduces methanol emissions during operation. According to this embodiment, the connecting pipe is insulated and the construction material must have good solubility resistance and corrosion resistance to avoid damage caused by reaction with the liquid.

[0058] The process uses waste oil, methanol and heterogeneous solid catalyst, with an alcohol-oil molar ratio of 6:1 and a catalyst dosage of 2% of the total mass of the raw materials. The specific steps of the working method are as follows:

[0059] S1, waste oil, methanol and catalyst are placed in a raw material storage tank 24, and the mixed raw materials are transported to the reactor 6 through a raw material delivery pump 25, and the raw material delivery pump 25 is closed after the liquid level reaches a set value.

[0060] S2, start the high-voltage power supply 5, adjust the voltage to control the discharge intensity of the array needle electrode 28, establish and maintain the required electric field. At the same time, start the motor 1, and the array needle electrode 28 rotates to fully mix the reactants; the hot steam enters the pipe of the coil electrode 26 through the first hot steam pipe 7, and the reactants are heated to the set temperature by the residual heat of the steam; after the reaction is completed, turn off the high-voltage power supply 5 and the motor 1.

[0061] S3, start the product delivery pump 10 to deliver the reaction mixture to the separation component; the first sedimentation separation tank 13 and the second sedimentation separation tank 17 are operated in parallel. The electric three-way valve 11 is switched by the signal control of the liquid level meter 12. When the liquid level reaches the preset upper limit value, the liquid level meter 12 sends a signal to the electric three-way valve 11, and the electric three-way valve 11 immediately switches the valve position, closes the discharge passage leading to the first sedimentation separation tank 13, and opens the passage leading to the second sedimentation separation tank 17 at the same time; when the liquid level of the second sedimentation separation tank 17 reaches the preset value, the system will switch again, and so on and so forth to achieve continuous operation. During the sedimentation process, glycerol, due to its large density, first settles to the lower layer, and is discharged into the glycerol storage tank 21 through the linkage control of the electric control valve 15 and the buoyancy meter 14; after the glycerol is discharged, the system automatically switches to biodiesel and discharges it into the biodiesel storage tank 18; after emptying, the biodiesel discharge valve is automatically closed.

[0062] The entire separation process uses a flow meter 16 to monitor the product flow in real time. The hot steam in the coil electrode 26 is discharged through the second hot steam pipeline 9 and passed into the heating tube 19 in the biodiesel storage tank 18 and the glycerol storage tank 21, vaporizing to remove the residual methanol and discharged into the methanol collection tank 22 through a methanol vapor recovery pipeline; at the same time, the excess methanol vapor in the reactor 6 enters the methanol collection tank 22 through another methanol vapor recovery pipeline for condensation; the condensed methanol is refluxed to the raw material storage tank 24 through the methanol vapor delivery pipeline after necessary treatment, for the next round of use. The entire device should be equipped with complete safety protection measures, including overpressure protection, overtemperature alarm, leakage detection, etc., to ensure the safety of operators and equipment.

[0063] The present invention uses waste oil and fat as raw material, effectively reducing environmental pollution, avoiding resource waste and environmental burden caused by its direct discharge or disposal, and has a large output and a wide source. The obtained product has good combustion performance and is expected to get rid of long-term dependence on fossil energy. It is applied in the field of transportation and helps to achieve the goals of low-carbon energy and emission reduction.

[0064] The present invention arranges coil electrodes in a reactor and introduces hot steam into the coil as a heat energy source in the reaction process; in addition, the hot steam is introduced into a biodiesel storage tank and a glycerin storage tank after being discharged from the reactor, and the methanol contained in the product is separated by the waste heat of the steam to ensure the purity of the product.

[0065] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient and continuous device for preparing biodiesel based on waste oil, characterized in that: It includes reaction components, separation components and recovery components; The reaction assembly includes a reactor and a raw material storage tank which are arranged at intervals. The bottom of the raw material storage tank is connected to the bottom of the reactor through a raw material delivery pipeline. A metal shaft is rotatably connected in the reactor, and a high-voltage power supply is connected to the metal shaft. Array needle electrodes are arranged on the metal shaft; A coil electrode for connecting to a low-voltage power supply, which is sleeved on the outside of the array needle electrode and communicated with the inner wall of the reactor; A first hot steam pipeline is arranged at one side of the reactor and is connected to the air inlet of the coil electrode, and is used to introduce hot steam into the coil electrode; The separation assembly comprises a first sedimentation separation tank, a second sedimentation separation tank, a biodiesel storage tank and a glycerol storage tank which are arranged at intervals; a liquid level gauge and a buoyancy gauge are arranged at intervals in the first sedimentation separation tank and the second sedimentation separation tank; Wherein, the reactor is connected to the top of the first sedimentation separation tank and the top of the second sedimentation separation tank respectively through a product delivery pipeline and an electric three-way valve; The biodiesel storage tank is connected to the bottom of the first sedimentation separation tank and the second sedimentation separation tank respectively through a biodiesel delivery pipeline; The glycerin storage tank is connected to the bottom of the first sedimentation separation tank and the bottom of the second sedimentation separation tank respectively through a glycerin delivery pipeline; The biodiesel storage tank and the glycerol storage tank are both provided with heating pipes; The recovery assembly includes a second hot steam pipeline and a methanol collection tank; The second hot steam pipeline is arranged at one side of the reactor, one end of which is connected to the gas outlet of the coil electrode, and the other end of which is connected to the two heating pipes through a tee. The methanol collection tank is arranged between the reactor and the raw material storage tank, and the reactor, the biodiesel storage tank and the glycerol storage tank are all connected to the top of the methanol collection tank through a methanol vapor recovery pipeline; The bottom of the methanol collecting tank is communicated with the bottom of the raw material storage tank through a methanol vapor delivery pipeline.

2. The efficient and continuous device for preparing biodiesel from waste oil and fat according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom end of the metal shaft is rotatably connected to the bottom of the reactor via a thrust bearing; the top end of the metal shaft extends out of the top of the reactor and is connected to a driven gear; the metal shaft is rotatably connected to the top of the reactor via a bearing; A motor is arranged at intervals on the top of the reactor, and a driving gear is drivingly connected to a driving end of the motor, and the driving gear is meshed with the driven gear.

3. The efficient and continuous device for preparing biodiesel from waste oil and fat according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The biodiesel delivery pipeline and the glycerol delivery pipeline are both connected with electronically controlled valves and flow meters.

4. The efficient and continuous device for preparing biodiesel from waste oil and fat according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The raw material delivery pipeline is connected to a raw material delivery pump, the product delivery pipeline is connected to a product delivery pump, and the methanol steam delivery pipeline is connected to a methanol recovery pump.

5. A method for producing biodiesel from waste oils and fats in a high-efficiency and continuous manner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: S1, the mixed raw materials are delivered to the reactor through the raw material delivery pump, and the raw material delivery pump is closed after the liquid level reaches the set value; S2, start the high-voltage power supply, adjust the voltage to control the discharge intensity of the array needle electrode, establish and maintain the required electric field; start the motor at the same time, the array needle electrode rotates to fully mix the reactants; hot steam enters the pipe of the coil electrode through the first hot steam pipe, and the reactants are heated to the set temperature by the residual heat of the steam; after the reaction is completed, turn off the high-voltage power supply and the motor; S3, start the product delivery pump to deliver the reaction mixture to the separation component; during the sedimentation process, glycerol settles to the lower layer first due to its large density, and is discharged into the glycerol storage tank through the linkage control of the electronically controlled valve and the buoyancy meter; after the glycerol is discharged, the system automatically switches to biodiesel and discharges it into the biodiesel storage tank; after emptying, the biodiesel discharge valve automatically closes.

6. The working method of the efficient and continuous waste oil-based biodiesel production device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: In the step S3: the first sedimentation separation tank and the second sedimentation separation tank are operated in parallel; the electric three-way valve is switched by the signal control of the liquid level meter. When the liquid level reaches the preset upper limit value, the liquid level meter sends a signal to the electric three-way valve, and the electric three-way valve immediately switches the valve position, closing the discharge passage leading to the first sedimentation separation tank and opening the passage leading to the second sedimentation separation tank at the same time; when the liquid level of the second sedimentation separation tank reaches the preset value, the system will switch again, and the cycle will be repeated to achieve continuous operation.

7. The working method of the efficient and continuous waste oil-based biodiesel production device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The product flow is monitored in real time by a flow meter during the entire separation process. The hot steam in the coil electrode is discharged through the second hot steam pipeline and passed into the heating tubes in the biodiesel storage tank and the glycerin storage tank, where it is vaporized to remove residual methanol and discharged into the methanol collection tank through a methanol vapor recovery pipeline. At the same time, excess methanol vapor in the reactor enters the methanol collection tank through another methanol vapor recovery pipeline for condensation. The condensed methanol is subjected to necessary treatment and then refluxed to the raw material storage tank through the methanol vapor delivery pipeline for the next round of use.

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