Four-hammer-head bidirectional synchronous / one-way synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-aligning forging device

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of metal forging forming, and particularly relates to a four-hammer-head bidirectional synchronous / one-way synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device. The upper hammer head of the device is fixed on an upper anvil seat capable of reciprocating up and down. The left and right hammer heads are positioned by a curved rhombic pin and X-shaped distributed sliding blocks, and can slide relatively along the sliding block inclined surface under the action of a driving mechanism. The upper and lower hammer heads and the left and right hammer heads are separately grouped, and each moves along the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. The tensile spring between the left and right hammer heads and the cross beam cooperates with the upper anvil seat to drive the four hammer heads to perform reciprocating synchronous retreat movement. Further, the angle of the contact surface of the hammer head and the sliding block is changed to realize the bidirectional synchronous / one-way synchronous bidirectional asynchronous movement of the four hammer heads. The device can simplify the structure of the existing four-hammer-head forging device, realize self-centering of the device during the forging process, realize the forming of various specifications of blank by adjusting the contact angle of the device, and is suitable for the forging of non-ferrous metals and precious metals with poor plastic forming.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal forging and forming, and specifically to a four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device. Background Technology

[0002] Forging is a widely used method for forming metal billets in industry. Traditional free forging often involves the relative movement of upper and lower anvils, which results in insufficient constraint on the forging during the forging process, making the billet prone to cracking and unable to guarantee the forming dimensions. Four-hammer forging uses two pairs of hammers to synchronously reciprocate the workpiece in the radial direction. During the forging process, the billet is under triaxial stress, and the heat generated by the high-frequency forging of the hammers can compensate for the heat lost from the billet to the environment. This feature is very suitable for the production of non-ferrous metals and precious metals with poor plasticity and narrow processing temperature range. At the same time, four-hammer forging has very high forging precision. The dimensional deviation of forgings produced by four-hammer forging can reach about ±0.2mm, which greatly improves the shape and dimensional accuracy of forgings and speeds up enterprise production efficiency.

[0003] However, existing four-hammer forging devices have the following drawbacks: (a) In most existing four-hammer forging devices, the lower hammer is directly fixed on the lower anvil, while the other three hammers move synchronously. This means that the billet can only be placed on the lower hammer, thus failing to achieve self-centering of the device, which seriously affects the billet forming and dimensional accuracy; (b) Another type of four-hammer forging device is a precision forging machine, which has a very complex structure. Each hammer requires a corresponding transmission mechanism, resulting in extremely high manufacturing and maintenance costs; (c) Existing four-hammer forging devices are all bidirectional synchronous forging devices, which cannot achieve unidirectional synchronous and bidirectional asynchronous forging, thus limiting their application scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing devices, the present invention aims to provide a four-hammer forging device that can effectively solve the aforementioned problems. It employs a simple unidirectional force loading structure to achieve four-hammer forging in both bidirectional and unidirectional synchronous / asynchronous directions. During forging, not only can the forging force be controlled, but the device can also achieve self-centering during the forging process, ensuring the accuracy of the billet. Furthermore, by adjusting the inclined contact angle α between the upper anvil, the four hammers, and the four sliders, the unidirectional synchronous / asynchronous bidirectional motion of the four hammers is achieved, expanding the application scenarios of the four-hammer forging device.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device is provided, comprising an upper anvil, which is connected to a lower anvil guide column fixed on a lower anvil via a shaft hole. An upper anvil bushing is installed between the upper anvil and the lower anvil guide column. The lower anvil has a guide groove structure, and four lower anvil guide columns and a lower hammer curved diamond pin are fitted to the lower anvil. Two sets of crossbeams are fixed to each of the two lower anvil guide columns, and the left and right crossbeams are fitted to the left and right hammer curved diamond pins, respectively. The left and right hammers are fitted with left and right hammer bushings, and tension springs are installed between the crossbeams and the left and right hammers. Furthermore, the left and right crossbeams and the left and right hammers are each fitted with eight hinge bolts symmetrically distributed front and back, and a tension spring is connected between every two symmetrically distributed hinge bolts to connect the left and right crossbeams and the left and right hammers.

[0006] The upper anvil and the lower anvil guide post are connected by a shaft hole. The upper hammer, the upper left fixed slider, and the upper right fixed slider are fitted onto the upper anvil. Furthermore, the upper hammer is fitted onto the center of the upper anvil. The upper left fixed slider and the upper right fixed slider are symmetrical with respect to the center of the upper hammer. The left and right inclined surfaces of the upper anvil are in contact with the outer surfaces of the lower left movable slider and the lower right movable slider, respectively, and can slide relative to each other.

[0007] The left and right hammerheads are positioned by curved diamond pins on the left and right hammerheads, respectively. The left and right hammerheads are fitted with the lower left and lower right movable sliders by locking blocks. The upper sliding surfaces of the left and right hammerheads are in contact with the sliding surfaces of the upper left and upper right fixed sliders, respectively, and can slide relative to each other. The lower hammerhead is driven by double inclined surfaces and positioned by curved diamond pins on the lower hammerhead. The inner sliding planes of the lower right and lower left movable sliders are in contact with the two inclined surfaces of the lower hammerhead and can slide relative to each other.

[0008] The upper hammer, lower hammer, left hammer, and right hammer are arranged in a cross-shaped vertical spatial layout in the plane; the four sets of hammers, upper, lower, left, and right, move synchronously towards the center under the unidirectional force driven by the upper anvil.

[0009] The upper left fixed slider, upper right fixed slider, lower left movable slider, and lower right movable slider are equipped with wedges at the front and rear to restrict the forward and backward movement of the four hammers; furthermore, the contact surfaces always remain in contact, and the contact surfaces with relative sliding are always in contact and are all equipped with self-lubricating sliding plates.

[0010] Optionally, the included angle of the curved surface of the left and right hammerhead diamond pins is between 30° and 42°, and the normal of the curved surface of the diamond pin is perpendicular to the direction of slider movement; the angle α of the upper anvil, the four hammerheads, and the four slider inclined surfaces is adjusted from 45° to 55°. When α is 45°, the four hammerheads move synchronously in both directions. When α is not equal to 45°, the four hammerheads move synchronously in one direction and asynchronously in both directions.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this invention are: by applying a unidirectional forming force to the upper anvil and cooperating with the tension spring to drive the four hammers to perform synchronous reciprocating retraction motion, the self-centering of the device is ensured, and the structure of the device is simplified, reducing the cost of production and subsequent maintenance. Furthermore, by changing the inclined plane angle α of the upper anvil, the four hammers, and the four sliders, the bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous motion of this device can be achieved simply and efficiently. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device.

[0013] Figure 2 The main view and sectional view AA of the four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device are shown.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the forging process of a four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device, consisting of an anvil, four hammers, and four sliders, with a contact angle α of 45°.

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the forging process of a four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device, consisting of an anvil, four hammers, and four sliders, with a contact angle α of 48°.

[0016] Figure 5 The right view of the left hammerhead and the lower left movable slider, as well as the CC and DD sectional views;

[0017] Figure 6 The front view and EE section view of the lower hammer head and the lower hammer head curved diamond pin are shown.

[0018] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the lower left movable slider structure;

[0019] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the fixed slider in the upper left corner;

[0020] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the lower anvil.

[0021] Figure 10 This is a structural diagram of the upper anvil;

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Lower anvil; 2. Lower anvil guide post; 3. Crossbeam; 4. Hinged bolt; 5. Tension spring; 6. Upper anvil; 7. Upper anvil bushing; 8. Upper left fixed slider; 9. Left hammer; 10. Upper hammer; 11. Upper right fixed slider; 12. Right hammer; 13. Self-lubricating slide plate; 14. Lower right movable slider; 15. Lower hammer; 16. Lower left movable slider; 17. Left hammer curved diamond pin; 18. Left hammer bushing; 19. Right hammer bushing; 20. Right hammer curved diamond pin; 21. Lower hammer curved diamond pin; 22. Locking block; 23. Lower hammer bushing. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other solutions obtained by those skilled in the art based on the solutions of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0024] like Figure 1-3 As shown in Figures 5-10, a unidirectional-dual-drive four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering radial forging device is provided. Its structure includes: a lower anvil 1 positioning the working position; four lower anvil guide columns 2 fitted to the lower anvil 1; an upper hammer 10, an upper left fixed slider 8, and an upper right fixed slider 11 fitted to the upper anvil 6; an upper anvil bushing 7 fitted to the upper anvil 6; the sliding surfaces of the upper left fixed slider 8 and the upper right fixed slider 11 are always in contact with the upper sliding surfaces of the left hammer 9 and the right hammer 12 and have relative sliding; the sliding surface at the lower end of the upper anvil 6 is always in contact with the outer sliding planes of the lower left movable slider 16 and the lower right movable slider 14 and has relative sliding.

[0025] Two sets of crossbeams 3 are fitted between the guide columns 2 of the lower anvil on the left and right sides. The curved diamond pin 17 of the left hammer head and the curved diamond pin 20 of the right hammer head are fitted with the two sets of crossbeams 3 respectively. The left hammer head 9 and the right hammer head 12 are fitted with the left hammer head bushing 18 and the right hammer head bushing 19 respectively. At the same time, a tension spring 5 is installed between the crossbeams 3 and the left hammer head 9 and the right hammer head 12. The tension spring 5 is fixed by the hinge bolt 4, the crossbeams 3, and the left hammer head 9 and the right hammer head 12.

[0026] The lower left movable slider 16 and the lower right movable slider 14 are respectively fitted with the left hammer head 9 and the right hammer head 12 through the locking block 22. The left hammer head 9 and the right hammer head 12 are respectively positioned and engaged by the left hammer head curved surface diamond pin 17 and the right hammer head curved surface diamond pin 20. The lower hammer head 15 is positioned by the lower hammer head curved surface diamond pin 21 engaged by the inner side of the lower left movable slider 16 and the lower right movable slider 14. The inner sliding surfaces of the lower left movable slider 16 and the lower right movable slider 14 are always in contact with the side of the lower hammer head 15 and have relative sliding.

[0027] like Figure 3As shown, when the contact angle between the upper anvil, the four hammers, and the four sliders is 45°, when the upper anvil 6 applies a downward unidirectional force, the upper anvil 6 drives the upper hammer 10, the upper left fixed slider 8, and the upper right fixed slider 11 to move downwards. At the same time, it drives the lower left movable slider 16 and the lower right movable slider 14 to slide to the right and left respectively. Simultaneously, the upper left fixed slider 8 and the lower left movable slider 16 work together to drive the left hammer 9 to move to the right, the upper right fixed slider 11 and the lower right movable slider 14 work together to drive the right hammer 12 to move to the left, and the lower left movable slider 16 and the lower right movable slider drive the lower hammer 15 to move upwards. When the upper anvil 6 applies an upward unidirectional force, the tension of the tension spring 5, in conjunction with the upper anvil 6, drives the device to return to its original position. Throughout the entire process, the displacement of the four hammers is the same, so as to achieve bidirectional synchronous movement of the device. Example 2

[0028] like Figure 4 As shown, taking the contact angle of the upper anvil, four hammers, and four sliders as 48° as an example, when the upper anvil 6 applies a downward unidirectional force, the upper anvil 6 drives the upper hammer 10, the upper left fixed slider 8, and the upper right fixed slider 11 to move downward by a displacement of y. Then, the upper left fixed slider 8 and the lower left movable slider 16 drive the left hammer 9 to move to the right by a displacement of y / tan48°. The upper right fixed slider 11 and the lower right movable slider 14 drive the right hammer 12 to move to the left by a displacement of y / tan48°. The lower left movable slider 16 and the lower right movable slider 14 drive the lower hammer 15 to move upward by a displacement of y. At this time, the upper hammer 10 and the lower hammer 15 move synchronously in one direction, and the left hammer 9 and the right hammer 12 move synchronously in one direction. The displacement difference between the two synchronous movements is yy / tan48°, so as to realize the unidirectional synchronous and bidirectional asynchronous movement of the device.

[0029] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and beneficial effects of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from its spirit and scope. All such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A four-hammer head bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device, characterized in that: The device includes an upper anvil, which is connected to a lower anvil guide post fixed to the lower anvil via a shaft hole. An upper anvil bushing is installed between the upper anvil and the lower anvil guide post. The lower anvil has a guide groove structure, with four lower anvil guide posts and a lower hammer head curved diamond pin fitted onto the lower anvil. Two lower anvil guide posts on the left fix the left crossbeam, and two lower anvil guide posts on the right fix the right crossbeam. The left and right crossbeams are fitted with the left and right hammer head curved diamond pins, respectively. The left and right hammer heads are fitted with left and right hammer head bushings, respectively, and tension springs are installed between the left and right crossbeams and the left and right hammer heads. Four hinge bolts are symmetrically distributed between the left crossbeam and the left hammer head, and between the right crossbeam and the right hammer head. A tension spring is connected between every two symmetrically distributed hinge bolts to connect the left and right crossbeams and the left and right hammer heads. The upper hammer head, upper left fixed slider, and upper right fixed slider are fitted onto the upper anvil. The upper hammer head is fitted onto the center of the upper anvil. The upper left and upper right fixed sliders are symmetrical with respect to the center of the upper hammer head, and the sliding surfaces of the upper left and upper right fixed sliders are in contact with the upper sliding surfaces of the left and right hammer heads and can slide relative to each other. The left and right inclined surfaces of the upper anvil are in contact with the outer surfaces of the lower left and lower right movable sliders, respectively, and can slide relative to each other. The lower anvil has a groove housing a lower left movable slider and a lower right movable slider. The inner sliding planes of the lower left and right movable sliders contact the lower sliding surfaces of the left and right hammers. The lower left and right movable sliders are fitted with the left and right hammers via a locking block. The inner sliding planes of the lower left and right movable sliders contact the two inclined surfaces of the lower hammer and can slide relative to each other. The curved diamond pin of the lower hammer is fitted with the lower anvil. The lower hammer is driven by a double inclined surface and positioned by the curved diamond pin. Self-lubricating sliding plates are installed on all contact surfaces with relative sliding. The contact angle α between the upper anvil, the four hammers, and the four sliders is adjusted between 45° and 55°. When α is 45°, the four hammers move synchronously in both directions. When α is not equal to 45°, the four hammers move asynchronously in both directions.

2. The four-hammer head bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four sets of hammers, one above, one below, one to the left, and one to the right, are arranged in a cross-shaped vertical spatial layout within the plane.

3. The four-hammer head bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper left fixed slider, upper right fixed slider, lower left movable slider, and lower right movable slider are equipped with wedges at the front and rear to restrict the forward and backward movement of the four hammers; the contact surfaces always remain in contact.

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