Heavy-duty machine tool transmission mechanism

Abstract

The invention discloses a transmission mechanism of a heavy machine tool. The ram can move in the axial direction, the spindle box is arranged on the outer side of the ram, the spindle is arranged in the ram, and the main transmission system is installed on the ram. The main transmission system comprises a main transmission box body, a gear shifting mechanism and a driving device; the main transmission box body is fixedly installed on the ram and can synchronously move along with the ram. The machine tool has the advantages that a main transmission system which is fixedly arranged in a spindle box in a traditional machine tool is changed into a main transmission system which is fixedly arranged on the ram and synchronously moves along with the ram, the influence of a long spline shaft is eliminated, and a transmission chain is shortened, so that the machining precision of a spindle is improved; gear shifting achieved through sliding of the change gear is changed into gear shifting achieved through the meshing relation between the sliding sleeve and the fixedly-arranged change gear after sliding of the sliding shaft, so that the gear shifting mode is changed into internal meshing from external meshing, a plurality of reinforcing partition ribs are additionally arranged in the main transmission box body, the rigidity and integrity of the main transmission box body are greatly improved, and the service life of the main transmission box body is prolonged. And the precision is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a machine tool, in particular to a heavy-duty machine tool transmission mechanism, and belongs to the technical field of high-end equipment manufacturing. Background Art

[0002] The main transmission system of traditional machine tools is integrated inside the spindle box and remains stationary relative to the spindle box. It indirectly transmits power to the spindle inside the ram through the spline shaft and auxiliary transmission mechanism, thereby causing the spindle to produce the main cutting motion. However, the existence of the spline shaft makes the transmission chain too long. In addition, since the spline shaft itself is relatively long, the processing accuracy of the long-distance spline groove that matches it is difficult to ensure, which easily leads to problems such as excessive reverse clearance, low accuracy, and inability to achieve rigid tapping. In addition, when the spindle speed is high, there are also problems such as large vibration and noise. In addition, since the speed change gear needs to slide in the box when shifting gears, space needs to be left in the box for its movement, and it is difficult to set up intervals and support ribs, resulting in its interior being empty, poor integrity, and insufficient strength and rigidity, which in turn affects the accuracy of the entire transmission system. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a heavy machine tool transmission mechanism with a short transmission chain, high transmission accuracy, good rigidity and reasonable space utilization.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the heavy machine tool transmission mechanism of the present invention includes a ram capable of moving in the axial direction, a spindle box arranged outside the ram, a spindle arranged inside the ram, and a main transmission system installed on the ram for transmitting power to the spindle; the main transmission system includes a main transmission case, a shifting mechanism arranged inside the main transmission case, and a driving device connected to the driving shaft of the shifting mechanism; the main transmission case is fixedly installed on the ram and can move synchronously with the ram.

[0005] A plurality of reinforcing ribs are arranged in the main transmission housing, and the reinforcing ribs divide the interior of the main transmission housing into spaces matching the shape of the shift mechanism.

[0006] The main transmission housing is fixed on the ram by a plurality of screws evenly arranged on the bottom surface thereof.

[0007] The shift mechanism includes a speed change shaft, a sliding shaft and an output shaft arranged in parallel; the speed change shaft is provided with a plurality of speed change gears of different diameters; a push-pull rod is connected to the front of the sliding shaft and can move axially under the action of the push-pull rod, and a plurality of sliding gears are fixedly provided on the sliding shaft; the output shaft is provided with an output gear meshing with the gear on the main shaft.

[0008] An input shaft sleeve is provided on the sliding shaft, on which an input gear is provided which forms a meshing relationship with the driving shaft. A plurality of transmission shaft sleeves and an output shaft sleeve are provided on the inner wall of the main transmission case body; the input shaft sleeve and the transmission shaft sleeve have external teeth and internal teeth, wherein the external teeth are respectively fixedly meshed with the corresponding speed change gears, and the internal teeth can respectively selectively mesh with the sliding gears; an output shaft sleeve is also provided on the inner wall of the main transmission case body, and the output shaft sleeve has external teeth and internal splines, wherein the external teeth are meshed with the output gears, and the internal splines cooperate with the external splines provided on the sliding shaft.

[0009] The driving device and the shifting mechanism are connected via a coupling; the driving device is a motor.

[0010] A heat insulation layer is arranged at the bottom of the main transmission system and the driving device.

[0011] The advantages of the present invention are: the main transmission system that is fixedly installed in the spindle box in the traditional machine tool is changed to be fixedly installed on the slide and moves synchronously therewith, eliminating the influence of the long spline shaft, shortening the transmission chain, thereby improving the processing accuracy of the spindle, and being able to achieve rigid tapping; the traditional gear shifting that utilizes the external meshing of the sliding speed gear is changed to utilizing the additional sliding shaft to slide and then form a meshing relationship with the fixedly arranged speed gear through the shaft sleeve to achieve gear shifting, so the gear shifting mode is changed from external meshing to internal meshing, and then a number of reinforcing ribs are added inside the main transmission case, while saving the internal space of the case, eliminating the disadvantages of the traditional case being too empty and weak in rigidity, greatly improving its rigidity and the integrity of the main transmission system, and thus improving the accuracy of the main transmission system; the main transmission case is fixed to the slide by a plurality of evenly arranged screws, the space is reasonably reserved, the force is evenly arranged, and its rigid connection with the slide is guaranteed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the main transmission device of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the main transmission housing of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a bottom view of the main transmission housing of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The heavy machine tool transmission mechanism of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0014] As shown in the figure, the transmission mechanism of the heavy machine tool of the present invention comprises a ram 1 capable of moving in the axial direction, a spindle box 2 arranged outside the ram 1, a spindle 3 arranged inside the ram 1, and a main transmission system 4 installed on the ram 1 for transmitting power to the spindle 3; the main transmission system 4 comprises a main transmission housing 5, a shift mechanism arranged inside the main transmission housing 5, and a drive device 6 connected to the shift mechanism drive shaft 5-3 through a coupling 7, and the drive device 6 is a motor. A heat insulation layer is arranged at the bottom of the main transmission system 4 and the drive device 6 to prevent the heat generated during operation from being transferred to the ram 1.

[0015] The main transmission housing 5 is a structure surrounded on five sides and open on the top. It is fixed on the slide 1 by multiple screws 5-2 (not shown in the figure) evenly arranged on the bottom surface thereof and can move synchronously with the slide 1. A plurality of reinforcing ribs 5-1 are arranged inside the main transmission housing 5. The reinforcing ribs 5-1 divide the interior of the main transmission housing 5 into spaces that match the shapes of the gear pairs of the shifting mechanism.

[0016] The gear shifting mechanism is arranged in parallel with three axes of upper, middle and lower axes, including a speed change shaft 5-4, a sliding shaft 5-5 and an output shaft 5-6; three speed change gears 5-7 with successively larger diameters are arranged on the speed change shaft 5-4 from left to right; a push-pull rod 5-8 is connected to the right side of the sliding shaft 5-5 to enable it to move axially, and two sliding gears 5-9 with successively smaller diameters are fixedly arranged on the sliding shaft 5-5 from left to right; an output gear 5-10 is arranged on the output shaft 5-6 to mesh with the gear on the main shaft 3.

[0017] An input shaft sleeve 5-11 is provided on the sliding shaft 5-5 through a bearing, and an input gear 5-12 is provided on the sliding shaft 5-5 to form a meshing relationship with the driving gear on the driving shaft 5-3 through an intermediate gear. Two transmission shaft sleeves 5-13 and an output shaft sleeve 5-14 are provided on the inner wall of the main transmission housing 5 through bearings; the input shaft sleeve 5-11 and the transmission shaft sleeve 5-13 both have external teeth and internal teeth, wherein the external teeth of the input shaft sleeve 5-11 are fixedly meshed with the right speed change gear 5-7, and the internal teeth can be meshed with the right speed change gear 5-7. The sliding gear 5-9 is selectively meshed; the outer teeth of the right transmission sleeve 5-13 are fixedly meshed with the middle speed gear 5-7, and the inner teeth can selectively mesh with the right sliding gear 5-9; the outer teeth of the left transmission sleeve 5-13 are fixedly meshed with the left speed gear 5-7, and the inner teeth can selectively mesh with the left sliding gear 5-9; the output sleeve 5-14 has outer teeth and inner splines, wherein the outer teeth are fixedly meshed with the output gear 5-10, and the inner splines cooperate with the outer splines arranged on the sliding shaft 5-5.

[0018] By moving the push-pull rod 5-8, the sliding shaft 5-5 moves accordingly, and the meshing relationship between the sliding gear 5-9 and the inner teeth of each sleeve is divided into three situations, namely the following three gears: (1) Gear position 1: The left sliding gear 5-9 is not meshed with the internal teeth of the sleeves, and the right sliding gear 5-9 is meshed with the internal teeth of the input sleeve 5-11. The power transmission route at this time is: drive shaft 5-3 → drive gear → intermediate gear → input gear 5-12 → input sleeve 5-11 → right sliding gear 5-9 → sliding shaft 5-5 → output sleeve 5-14 → output gear 5-10 → main shaft 3 gear → main shaft 3.

[0019] (2) Gear Position 2: The left sliding gear 5-9 is not meshed with the internal teeth of the shaft sleeves, and the right sliding gear 5-9 is meshed with the internal teeth of the right transmission shaft sleeve 5-13. The power transmission route at this time is: drive shaft 5-3 → drive gear → intermediate gear → input gear 5-12 → input shaft sleeve 5-11 → right speed gear 5-7 → speed shaft 5-4 → middle speed gear 5-7 → right transmission shaft sleeve 5-13 → right sliding gear 5-9 → sliding shaft 5-5 → output shaft sleeve 5-14 → output gear 5-10 → main shaft 3 gear → main shaft 3.

[0020] (3) Gear position three: The left sliding gear 5-9 meshes with the internal teeth of the left transmission shaft sleeve 5-13, and the right sliding gear 5-9 does not mesh with the internal teeth of each shaft sleeve. The power transmission route at this time is: drive shaft 5-3 → drive gear → intermediate gear → input gear 5-12 → input shaft sleeve 5-11 → right speed gear 5-7 → speed shaft 5-4 → left speed gear 5-7 → left transmission shaft sleeve 5-13 → left sliding gear 5-9 → sliding shaft 5-5 → output shaft sleeve 5-14 → output gear 5-10 → main shaft 3 gear → main shaft 3.

[0021] Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by technicians in this technical field within the essential scope of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heavy machine tool transmission mechanism, characterized in that: The invention comprises a ram (1) capable of moving in an axial direction, a spindle box (2) arranged outside the ram (1), a spindle (3) arranged inside the ram (1), and a main transmission system (4) installed on the ram (1) for transmitting power to the spindle (3); the main transmission system (4) comprises a main transmission housing (5), a shifting mechanism arranged inside the main transmission housing (5), and a driving device (6) connected to a driving shaft (5-3) of the shifting mechanism; the main transmission housing (5) is fixedly installed on the ram (1) and is capable of moving synchronously with the ram (1).

2. The heavy machine tool transmission mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of reinforcing ribs (5-1) are arranged in the main transmission housing (5), and the reinforcing ribs (5-1) divide the interior of the main transmission housing (5) into spaces matching the shapes of the gear pairs of the gear shifting mechanism.

3. The heavy machine tool transmission mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main transmission housing (5) is fixed to the ram (1) by means of a plurality of screws (5-2) evenly arranged on its bottom surface.

4. A heavy machine tool transmission mechanism according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The gear shift mechanism comprises a speed change shaft (5-4), a sliding shaft (5-5) and an output shaft (5-6) arranged in parallel; the speed change shaft (5-4) is provided with a plurality of speed change gears (5-7) of different diameters; the front of the sliding shaft (5-5) is connected to a push-pull rod (5-8) and can move axially under the action of the push-pull rod (5-8), and the sliding shaft (5-5) is fixedly provided with a plurality of sliding gears (5-9); the output shaft (5-6) is provided with an output gear (5-10) meshing with a gear on the main shaft (3).

5. The heavy machine tool transmission mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: An input shaft sleeve (5-11) is arranged on the sliding shaft (5-5), and an input gear (5-12) is arranged on the input shaft sleeve, which is in meshing relationship with the driving shaft (5-3); a plurality of transmission shaft sleeves (5-13) and an output shaft sleeve (5-14) are arranged on the inner wall of the main transmission housing (5); the input shaft sleeve (5-11) and the transmission shaft sleeve (5-13) have external teeth and internal teeth, wherein the external teeth are fixedly meshed with the corresponding speed change gears (5-7), and the internal teeth can selectively mesh with the sliding gears (5-9); an output shaft sleeve (5-14) is also arranged on the inner wall of the main transmission housing (5), and the output shaft sleeve (5-14) has external teeth and internal splines, wherein the external teeth are meshed with the output gears (5-10), and the internal splines are matched with the external splines arranged on the sliding shaft (5-5).

6. The heavy machine tool transmission mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving device (6) and the shifting mechanism are connected via a coupling (7); the driving device (6) is a motor.

7. The heavy machine tool transmission mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heat insulation layer is provided at the bottom of the main transmission system (4) and the driving device (6).

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