A multi-layer fracturing simulation experiment method and device, electronic equipment and medium

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application disclose a multi-layer fracturing simulation experiment method, device, electronic equipment and medium. The method comprises: constructing a multi-layer fracturing simulation experiment model and at least three fracturing layers; sequentially installing the at least three fracturing layers into the constructed multi-layer fracturing simulation experiment model for fracturing, and determining the crack state of the at least three fracturing layers in the fracturing process under different fracturing conditions; wherein the fracturing conditions include injection pressure and injection flow rate; corresponding the crack state with the fracturing conditions, determining the target fracturing condition and crack extension law of the at least three fracturing layers when the crack initiates. By using the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present application, the crack extension of each fracturing layer under different fracturing conditions is simulated and analyzed, the target fracturing condition and crack extension law of the crack extending through the layer are obtained, and guidance is provided for well and layer selection and segmented fracturing construction optimization design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of oil and gas field development engineering technology, and in particular to a multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental method, device, electronic equipment and medium. Background Technology

[0002] As oil and gas field development deepens, oil and gas reservoirs with thin interlayers, multiple layers, and soft layers are characterized by interlaced oil layers and relatively thin interlayers, resulting in unsatisfactory development effects after fracturing.

[0003] Due to the significant differences in interlayer thickness and stress differences among horizontal wells within thin interlayered, multi-layered, and soft-layered reservoirs in oilfields, the effectiveness of fracture penetration cannot be clearly determined. Compared to sandstone and other strata in conventional oilfields, coal seams exhibit characteristics such as low strength, low elastic modulus, high Poisson's Law, strong heterogeneity, and well-developed fractures, which are unfavorable for fracture formation during hydraulic fracturing, resulting in poor hydraulic fracturing effects. Furthermore, the mechanisms of fracture propagation and extension during fracturing are unclear.

[0004] Currently, the design of various construction technical parameters for fracturing development of thin interlayers, multilayers, soft strata, and coalbed methane in on-site construction mainly relies on the experience of technical personnel. However, relying on experience is not accurate and cannot provide effective theoretical basis. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a multi-formation fracturing simulation experiment method, device, electronic equipment, and storage medium to determine the judgment conditions and extension laws of fracture propagation through layers, providing guidance for well and layer selection and segmented fracturing construction optimization design.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental method, comprising:

[0007] Construct a multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model and at least three fracturing formations; the at least three fracturing formations represent the thin interbedded, multi-layered, and multi-layered reservoir morphologies containing soft layers of the oil and gas reservoir to be fractured.

[0008] The at least three fracturing formations are sequentially installed into a constructed multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model for fracturing. The fracture state of the at least three fracturing formations during the fracturing process is determined under different fracturing conditions. The fracturing conditions include injection pressure and injection flow rate.

[0009] By mapping the fracture state to the fracturing conditions, the target fracturing conditions and fracture extension patterns for the at least three types of fracturing formations at the time of fracture initiation are determined.

[0010] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental apparatus, comprising:

[0011] The model and formation construction module are used to construct a multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model and at least three fracturing formations; the at least three fracturing formations represent the thin interbedded, multi-layered, and multi-layered reservoir morphologies containing soft layers of the oil and gas reservoir to be fractured.

[0012] A formation fracturing module is used to sequentially install the at least three fracturing formations into a constructed multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model for fracturing, and to determine the fracture state of the at least three fracturing formations during the fracturing process under different fracturing conditions; wherein, the fracturing conditions include injection pressure and injection flow rate;

[0013] The fracture determination module is used to map fracture states to fracturing conditions and determine the target fracturing conditions and fracture propagation patterns for the at least three types of fracturing formations at the time of fracture initiation.

[0014] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention also provide an electronic device, the electronic device comprising:

[0015] One or more processors;

[0016] Storage device for storing one or more programs;

[0017] When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental method described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental method described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] This invention provides a multi-formation fracturing simulation experiment method, apparatus, electronic equipment, and storage medium. It constructs a multi-formation fracturing simulation experiment model and at least three fracturing formations. These at least three fracturing formations represent thin interbedded layers, multi-layered layers, and multi-layered reservoirs containing soft layers. The at least three fracturing formations are sequentially installed into the constructed multi-formation fracturing simulation experiment model for fracturing. The fracture states of the at least three fracturing formations during the fracturing process are determined under different fracturing conditions. The fracturing conditions include injection pressure and injection flow rate. The fracture states are correlated with the fracturing conditions to determine the target fracturing conditions and fracture extension patterns for the at least three fracturing formations at fracture initiation. By employing the technical solution of this invention, a multi-formation fracturing simulation experiment model and at least three fracturing formations are constructed. Through simulation and analysis of fracture extension in each fracturing formation under different fracturing conditions, the target fracturing conditions and fracture extension patterns for fracture penetration are obtained, providing guidance for well and layer selection and optimized design of segmented fracturing operations. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a multi-stratum fracturing simulation experiment method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a dual-stratum fracturing formation provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a three-stratum fracturing formation provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-stratum fracturing formation provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-stratum fracturing simulation experimental model provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-stratum fracturing simulation experimental device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0029] Before discussing the exemplary embodiments in more detail, it should be mentioned that some exemplary embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flowcharts. Although the flowcharts describe the operations (or steps) as sequential processes, many of the operations (or steps) may be performed in parallel, concurrently, or simultaneously. Furthermore, the order of the operations may be rearranged. The process may be terminated when its operation is completed, but may also have additional steps not included in the figures. The process may correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subroutine, etc.

[0030] The acquisition, storage, use, and processing of data in the technical solution of this application all comply with the relevant provisions of national laws and regulations.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a multi-formation fracturing simulation experiment method provided in this embodiment of the invention. This embodiment is applicable to fracturing simulation experiments on thin interlayered formations, multi-layered formations, and multi-layered formations containing soft layers. The method of this embodiment can be executed by a multi-formation fracturing simulation experiment device, which can be implemented in hardware and / or software. This device can be configured in a server for multi-formation fracturing simulation experiments. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0032] S110, construct a multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model and at least three fracturing formations.

[0033] In many of these blocks, the interaction between thin sand and mud layers is severe, resulting in low horizontal well drilling rates. Some sections also have a high proportion of mudstone. If only the drilled oil layers are fracturing, the single-well productivity is unsatisfactory. Therefore, research is being conducted on horizontal well cross-layer fracturing technology, utilizing artificial fractures to vertically penetrate layers and connect un-drilled oil layers, ensuring vertical utilization of reserves. However, in some reservoirs, the thickness and stress differences between the interlayers in horizontal wells vary significantly, making it difficult to accurately assess the effectiveness of cross-layer fracturing.

[0034] Especially in coalbed methane development or gas control, unsatisfactory development results and significant gas control difficulties have been observed in special types such as multi-layered, thin interbedded, or soft coal seams. Compared with sandstone and other strata in conventional oilfields, coal seams exhibit characteristics such as low strength, low elastic modulus, high Poisson's Law, strong heterogeneity, and well-developed fractures. Soft, low-permeability coal seams, with distinct coal body stratification and strong plasticity, are unfavorable for fracture formation during hydraulic fracturing, resulting in poor hydraulic fracturing effects and unclear fracture propagation and extension mechanisms during fracturing.

[0035] Currently, the design of various construction technical parameters for fracturing development in thin interbedded layers, multi-layered layers, and soft-layered layers, as well as coalbed methane fracturing development, in field operations mainly relies on the experience of technical personnel. However, relying on experience is inaccurate and cannot provide effective theoretical basis. Therefore, this invention provides a multi-layered fracturing simulation experiment method, which allows for a complete set of fracturing simulation tests to be conducted in the laboratory before construction, providing a reference for tool design, construction plan preparation, and construction parameter formulation.

[0036] To study the fracturing mechanism of special types of formations such as multi-formation formations, the fracturing initiation and propagation mechanism were constructed based on rock mechanics parameters and reservoir stress distribution characteristics. A multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model and at least three fracturing formations were also constructed.

[0037] The at least three types of fractured formations represent the thin interbedded, multi-layered, and multi-layered reservoir morphologies containing soft strata of the oil and gas reservoir to be fractured; including but not limited to two-layer fractured formations, three-layer fractured formations, and multi-layer fractured formations. Because the thin layers are numerous and interspersed, stratification is implemented. Considering the approximately symmetrical distribution of fracture heights across the entire model, the terms "inner" and "outer" are used to distinguish each stratum. Figure 2 The diagram illustrates a dual-formation fracturing formation. ① is a schematic diagram of a dual-layer vertical well fracturing formation, with the vertical wells crossing the interface; ② is a schematic diagram of a dual-layer horizontal well fracturing formation, with the horizontal wells arranged along the interface; ③ is a schematic diagram of a dual-layer horizontal well fracturing formation, with the horizontal wells arranged in a low-stress layer or soft layer; ④ is a schematic diagram of a dual-layer horizontal well fracturing formation, with the horizontal wells arranged in a high-stress layer or hard layer. Dual-formation fracturing primarily simulates the fracturing of two adjacent soft and hard formations with different properties.

[0038] like Figure 3 The diagram shows a three-stratum fracturing formation, where ① a horizontal well is arranged along the middle stratum, ② a horizontal well is arranged along the upper stratum, and ③ a horizontal well is arranged along the lower stratum. Three-stratum fracturing formations primarily simulate fracturing tests in adjacent soft and hard strata with different properties, or in coal seams containing soft strata, or in fracturing simulation experiments of the coal seam roof and floor.

[0039] like Figure 4 The diagram shows a multi-formation fracturing formation. ① Vertical wells are arranged to penetrate all reservoirs; ② Horizontal wells are arranged along the intermediate stratigraphic boundaries; ③ Horizontal wells are arranged along the upper stratigraphic layers; ④ Horizontal wells are arranged along the lower stratigraphic layers. Multi-formation fracturing formations primarily simulate the fracturing of thin interbedded layers, multi-layered formations, and formations with different properties containing soft strata.

[0040] As an optional but non-limiting implementation, the multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model includes a pump source device, a control system, a pressure and flow testing device, and a fracturing test bench; wherein, the pump source device includes a hydraulic pump, the control system includes an overflow valve and a throttle valve, and the pressure and flow testing device includes an electromagnetic flowmeter and a pressure sensor.

[0041] As an optional but non-limiting implementation, the multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model also includes a signal receiver and auxiliary devices; wherein, the signal receiver is used to automatically record fracturing time, injection pressure and injection flow rate on a computer; the auxiliary devices include a tracer addition device and a ball-shaped shut-off valve, and the tracer is used to determine the direction of fracture extension.

[0042] Among them, such as Figure 5As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model. Taking a dual-formation fracturing formation as an example, the multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model includes: a water tank 1, a hydraulic pump 2, an overflow valve 3, a throttle valve (for flow control) 4, an electromagnetic flowmeter 5, a pressure sensor 6, a signal receiver 7, a computer 8, a tracer addition device 9, a ball-shaped shut-off valve 10, a sample 11, a fracturing pipe 12, a pre-set void 13, a core chamber 14, a hard stratum 15, and a soft stratum 16. The hard stratum 15 and the soft stratum 16 constitute the dual-formation fracturing strata, and the pre-set void 13 is a pre-set void in the wellbore.

[0043] S120. The at least three types of fractured formations are sequentially installed into the constructed multi-formation fracture simulation experimental model for fracture, and the fracture state of the at least three types of fractured formations during the fracture process is determined under different fracture conditions.

[0044] In this invention, a suitable formation model is selected based on the needs of the experimental research, and the formation model is installed into a constructed multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model for fracturing. Under different fracturing conditions, the fracture state of the formation during the fracturing process is determined based on the tracer in the multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model. The fracturing conditions include injection pressure and injection flow rate. In this embodiment, water injection is used as an example to determine the fracture state of the formation under different water injection pressures and flow rates; different water injection pressures and flow rates result in different fracture states of the formation.

[0045] As an optional but non-limiting implementation, the at least three fractured formations are sequentially installed into a constructed multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model for fracturing, and the fracture states of the at least three fractured formations during the fracturing process are determined under different fracturing conditions, including but not limited to steps A1-A3:

[0046] Step A1: Install the at least three types of fracturing formations sequentially into the constructed multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model.

[0047] Step A2: Debug the control system and pressure and flow testing device, and start the hydraulic pump for fracturing.

[0048] Step A3: Control the injection flow rate and injection pressure by using a throttle valve and an overflow valve respectively, and determine the fracture state of the at least three fracturing formations under different injection flow rates and injection pressures.

[0049] In multi-formation fracturing simulation experiments, various fracturing formations are sequentially installed into the constructed multi-formation fracturing simulation model. Different formation states result in different fracture states during fracturing. In this embodiment, fracturing specimens are used to characterize various fracturing formations, including but not limited to artificial cores and fracturing specimens made by bonding different rock samples together with a special adhesive; generally, a whole rock sample with a side length of 30cm is used for the experiment. The specimen is installed on the fracturing test bench, the control system and pressure-flow testing device are adjusted, and the hydraulic pump is turned on before the experiment. Taking water injection as an example in this embodiment, the flow rate in the pipeline is controlled by adjusting the throttle valve 4, the ball valve 10 is opened, and the overflow valve 3 is adjusted to increase the pipeline pressure by a fixed amount, thereby determining the fracture state of the at least three fracturing formations under different water injection flow rates and pressures.

[0050] As an optional but non-limiting implementation, the injection flow rate and injection pressure are controlled by a throttle valve and an overflow valve, respectively, to determine the fracture state of the at least three fracturing formations under different injection flow rates and injection pressures, including but not limited to steps B1-B3:

[0051] Step B1: Control the injection flow rate and injection pressure through the throttle valve and the overflow valve respectively until cracks are formed on the surface of the fracturing specimen; wherein, the fracturing specimen represents the fracturing formation.

[0052] Step B2: Determine the pressure conditions at which cracks form on the surface of the fracturing specimen, and ensure that the tracer leaks out from the cracks when cracks form on the surface of the fracturing specimen.

[0053] Step B3: Record the injection pressure and injection flow rate in real time using a signal receiver to determine the fracture state of the fracturing specimen under different injection flow rates and injection pressures.

[0054] In this process, the flow rate in the pipeline is controlled by adjusting the throttle valve 4, the ball-type shut-off valve 10 is opened, and the overflow valve 3 is adjusted to increase the pipeline pressure by a fixed amount until cracks form on the surface of the fracturing specimen, from which high-pressure water and tracer overflow. The pressure is maintained for a period of time until the formed crack penetrates the entire fracturing specimen. Then, the overflow valve 3 is opened to reduce the system pressure. Finally, the hydraulic pump 2 is shut off to end the fracturing test. During the multi-formation fracturing simulation experiment, the signal receiver records the injection pressure and flow rate in real time to determine the crack state of the fracturing specimen under different injection flow rates and pressures.

[0055] This invention establishes physical models for fracturing thin interbedded, multi-layered, and soft-layered reservoirs. Based on true triaxial physical simulation experiments of rocks, it studies the reservoir fracturing mechanism of thin interbedded oil and gas reservoirs in oilfields. The thickness and number of sublayers in the thin interbedded layers, as well as the stress difference between reservoir layers, affect the morphology of fracture initiation and propagation, providing a basis for judging the fracturing of thin interbedded layers. From the perspective of optimizing fracturing technology and fracturing construction parameters, the feasibility of cross-layer fracturing in thin interbedded, multi-layered, and soft-layered reservoirs is studied.

[0056] S130. Correspond the fracture state with the fracturing conditions to determine the target fracturing conditions and fracture extension patterns for the at least three types of fracturing formations at the time of fracture initiation.

[0057] In this invention, the water injection time, water injection pressure and water injection flow rate are automatically recorded on a computer by a signal receiver. By matching the fracture states corresponding to different water injection pressures and water injection flow rates, the target fracturing conditions and fracture extension patterns of the fracturing formation at the time of fracture initiation can be determined.

[0058] As an optional but non-limiting implementation, the step of mapping fracture states to fracturing conditions and determining the target fracturing conditions and fracture propagation patterns for the at least three types of fracturing formations at fracture initiation includes, but is not limited to, steps C1-C2:

[0059] Step C1: Obtain the fracturing conditions from the signal receiver and match the fracturing conditions with the fracturing state to determine the target fracturing conditions for the at least three types of fracturing formations at the time of fracture initiation.

[0060] Step C2: Based on the flow direction of the tracer, determine the fracture extension pattern of the fractures in the at least three types of fractured formations during fracturing.

[0061] In this embodiment of the invention, water injection is used as an example. The injection time, pressure, and flow rate are automatically recorded by a signal receiver when the fracture initiates. These parameters are then used as the target fracturing conditions for fracture initiation. During fracture initiation, a tracer begins to overflow from the fracture. After maintaining pressure for a period of time, the direction of fracture extension during fracturing can be determined based on the tracer's flow direction. Simulation experiments are conducted on different fracturing formations to determine the fracturing conditions and extension patterns of fractures extending across layers.

[0062] This invention investigates the effects of reservoir-interstitial stress difference, interstitial thickness, and Young's modulus difference on the penetration effect of artificial fractures through fracturing simulation experiments, clarifying the geological factors at the penetration boundary. By optimizing fracturing parameters, effective penetration of artificial fractures was achieved, increasing single-well production while reducing development costs. Simulation analysis of fracture extension under different formation conditions reveals the fracturing conditions and extension patterns for fracture penetration, providing guidance for well and layer selection and optimized design of staged fracturing operations.

[0063] This invention provides a multi-formation fracturing simulation experiment method. It involves constructing a multi-formation fracturing simulation experiment model and at least three fracturing formations. These at least three fracturing formations represent thin interbedded layers, multi-layered layers, and multi-layered reservoirs containing soft layers. The at least three fracturing formations are sequentially installed into the constructed multi-formation fracturing simulation experiment model for fracturing. The fracture states of the at least three fracturing formations during the fracturing process are determined under different fracturing conditions. The fracturing conditions include injection pressure and injection flow rate. The fracture states are correlated with the fracturing conditions to determine the target fracturing conditions and fracture extension patterns for the at least three fracturing formations at fracture initiation. By employing the technical solution of this invention, a multi-formation fracturing simulation experiment model and at least three fracturing formations are constructed. Through simulation and analysis of fracture extension in each fracturing formation under different fracturing conditions, the target fracturing conditions and fracture extension patterns for fracture penetration are derived, providing guidance for well and layer selection and optimized design of segmented fracturing operations.

[0064] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-layer fracturing simulation experimental device provided in this embodiment of the invention. The technical solution of this embodiment is applicable to fracturing simulation experiments on thin interlayered, multi-layered, and multi-layered formations containing soft layers. The device can be implemented by software and / or hardware and is generally integrated into any electronic device with network communication capabilities, including but not limited to: servers, computers, personal digital assistants, etc. Figure 6 As shown, the multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental device provided in this embodiment may include: a model and formation construction module 610, a formation fracturing module 620, and a fracture determination module 630; wherein,

[0065] The model and formation construction module 610 are used to construct a multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model and at least three fracturing formations; the at least three fracturing formations represent the thin interbedded, multi-layered, and multi-layered reservoir morphologies containing soft layers of the oil and gas reservoir to be fractured.

[0066] The formation fracturing module 620 is used to sequentially install the at least three fracturing formations into a constructed multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model for fracturing, and to determine the fracture state of the at least three fracturing formations during the fracturing process under different fracturing conditions; wherein, the fracturing conditions include injection pressure and injection flow rate;

[0067] The fracture determination module 630 is used to map the fracture state to the fracturing conditions and determine the target fracturing conditions and fracture extension patterns of the at least three types of fracturing formations at the time of fracture initiation.

[0068] Based on the above embodiments, optionally, the model and the formation construction module are specifically used for:

[0069] The multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model includes a pump source device, a control system, a pressure and flow testing device, and a fracturing test bench; wherein, the pump source device includes a hydraulic pump, the control system includes an overflow valve and a throttle valve, and the pressure and flow testing device includes an electromagnetic flow meter and a pressure sensor.

[0070] Based on the above embodiments, optionally, the model and the formation construction module are further specifically used for:

[0071] The multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model also includes a signal receiver and auxiliary devices; the signal receiver is used to automatically record fracturing time, injection pressure and injection flow rate on a computer; the auxiliary devices include a tracer addition device and a ball-shaped shut-off valve, and the tracer is used to determine the direction of fracture extension.

[0072] Based on the above embodiments, optionally, the formation fracturing module is specifically used for:

[0073] The at least three types of fracturing formations are sequentially installed into the constructed multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model;

[0074] The control system and pressure-flow testing device were debugged, and the hydraulic pump was started to perform fracturing.

[0075] By controlling the injection flow rate and injection pressure using a throttle valve and an overflow valve respectively, the fracture state of the at least three types of fractured formations under different injection flow rates and injection pressures is determined.

[0076] Optionally, based on the above embodiments, the formation fracturing module is further specifically used for:

[0077] The injection flow rate and injection pressure are controlled by a throttle valve and an overflow valve, respectively, until cracks form on the surface of the fracturing specimen; the fracturing specimen represents the fracturing formation.

[0078] Determine the pressure conditions at which cracks form on the surface of the fracturing specimen, and ensure that the tracer leaks out from the cracks when cracks form on the surface of the fracturing specimen.

[0079] The injection pressure and flow rate are recorded in real time by a signal receiver to determine the fracture state of the fracturing specimen under different injection flow rates and pressures.

[0080] Based on the above embodiments, optionally, the crack determination module is specifically used for:

[0081] The fracturing conditions are obtained from the signal receiver, and the fracturing conditions are matched with the fracturing state to determine the target fracturing conditions for the at least three types of fracturing formations at the time of fracture initiation.

[0082] Based on the flow direction of the tracer, the fracture extension pattern of the fractures in the at least three types of fractured formations during fracturing is determined.

[0083] The multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental device provided in the embodiments of the present invention can execute the multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental method provided in any of the embodiments of the present invention, and has the corresponding functions and beneficial effects of executing the multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental method. For detailed process, please refer to the relevant operations of the multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental method in the foregoing embodiments.

[0084] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device 10 is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device may also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processors, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices (such as helmets, glasses, watches, etc.), and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the implementation of the invention described and / or claimed herein.

[0085] like Figure 7As shown, the electronic device 10 includes at least one processor 11 and a memory, such as a read-only memory (ROM) 12 or a random access memory (RAM) 13, communicatively connected to the at least one processor 11. The memory stores computer programs executable by the at least one processor. The processor 11 can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on the computer program stored in the ROM 12 or loaded from storage unit 18 into the RAM 13. The RAM 13 may also store various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 10. The processor 11, ROM 12, and RAM 13 are interconnected via a bus 14. An input / output (I / O) interface 15 is also connected to the bus 14.

[0086] Multiple components in electronic device 10 are connected to I / O interface 15, including: input unit 16, such as keyboard, mouse, etc.; output unit 17, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; storage unit 18, such as disk, optical disk, etc.; and communication unit 19, such as network card, modem, wireless transceiver, etc. Communication unit 19 allows electronic device 10 to exchange information / data with other devices through computer networks such as the Internet and / or various telecommunications networks.

[0087] Processor 11 can be a variety of general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of processor 11 include, but are not limited to, central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), various special-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various processors running machine learning model algorithms, digital signal processors (DSPs), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. Processor 11 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental methods.

[0088] In some embodiments, the multi-formation fracturing simulation experiment method may be implemented as a computer program tangibly contained in a computer-readable storage medium, such as storage unit 18. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and / or installed on electronic device 10 via ROM 12 and / or communication unit 19. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 13 and executed by processor 11, one or more steps of the multi-formation fracturing simulation experiment method described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, processor 11 may be configured to perform the multi-formation fracturing simulation experiment method by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0089] Various embodiments of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), systems-on-a-chip (SoCs), payload-programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include implementations in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a dedicated or general-purpose programmable processor, capable of receiving data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmitting data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0090] Computer programs used to implement the methods of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that when executed by the processor, the computer programs cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be performed. The computer programs may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, or as a standalone software package, partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0091] In the context of this invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a computer program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination thereof. Alternatively, a computer-readable storage medium may be a machine-readable signal medium. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0092] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on an electronic device having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user provides input to the electronic device. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including sound input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0093] The systems and technologies described herein can be implemented in computing systems that include backend components (e.g., as data servers), or computing systems that include middleware components (e.g., application servers), or computing systems that include frontend components (e.g., user computers with graphical user interfaces or web browsers through which users can interact with implementations of the systems and technologies described herein), or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components. The components of the system can be interconnected via digital data communication of any form or medium (e.g., communication networks). Examples of communication networks include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), blockchain networks, and the Internet.

[0094] A computing system can include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally located far apart and typically interact through communication networks. The client-server relationship is created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. The server can be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host, which is a hosting product within the cloud computing service system to address the shortcomings of traditional physical hosts and VPS services, such as high management difficulty and weak business scalability.

[0095] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in this invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0096] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental method, characterized in that, The method includes: Construct a multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model and at least three fracturing formations; the at least three fracturing formations represent the thin interbedded, multi-layered, and multi-layered reservoir morphologies containing soft layers of the oil and gas reservoir to be fractured. The at least three fracturing formations are sequentially installed into a constructed multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model for fracturing. The fracture state of the at least three fracturing formations during the fracturing process is determined under different fracturing conditions. The fracturing conditions include injection pressure and injection flow rate. By mapping the fracture state to the fracturing conditions, the target fracturing conditions and fracture extension patterns for the at least three types of fracturing formations at the time of fracture initiation are determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model includes a pump source device, a control system, a pressure and flow testing device, and a fracturing test bench; wherein, the pump source device includes a hydraulic pump, the control system includes an overflow valve and a throttle valve, and the pressure and flow testing device includes an electromagnetic flow meter and a pressure sensor.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model also includes a signal receiver and auxiliary devices; the signal receiver is used to automatically record fracturing time, injection pressure and injection flow rate on a computer; the auxiliary devices include a tracer addition device and a ball-shaped shut-off valve, and the tracer is used to determine the direction of fracture extension.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process involves sequentially installing the at least three fractured formations into a constructed multi-formation fracturing simulation model for fracturing, and determining the fracture state of the at least three fractured formations during the fracturing process under different fracturing conditions, including: The at least three types of fracturing formations are sequentially installed into the constructed multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model; The control system and pressure-flow testing device were debugged, and the hydraulic pump was started to perform fracturing. By controlling the injection flow rate and injection pressure using a throttle valve and an overflow valve respectively, the fracture state of the at least three types of fractured formations under different injection flow rates and injection pressures is determined.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of controlling the injection flow rate and injection pressure through a throttle valve and an overflow valve, respectively, to determine the fracture state of the at least three types of fracturing formations under different injection flow rates and injection pressures includes: The injection flow rate and injection pressure are controlled by a throttle valve and an overflow valve, respectively, until cracks form on the surface of the fracturing specimen; the fracturing specimen represents the fracturing formation. Determine the pressure conditions at which cracks form on the surface of the fracturing specimen, and ensure that the tracer leaks out from the cracks when cracks form on the surface of the fracturing specimen. The injection pressure and flow rate are recorded in real time by a signal receiver to determine the fracture state of the fracturing specimen under different injection flow rates and pressures.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of mapping fracture states to fracturing conditions, and determining the target fracturing conditions and fracture propagation patterns for at least three types of fracturing formations at fracture initiation, includes: The fracturing conditions are obtained from the signal receiver, and the fracturing conditions are matched with the fracturing state to determine the target fracturing conditions for the at least three types of fracturing formations at the time of fracture initiation. Based on the flow direction of the tracer, the fracture extension pattern of the fractures in the at least three types of fractured formations during fracturing is determined.

7. A multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental device, characterized in that, The device includes: The model and formation construction module are used to construct a multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model and at least three fracturing formations; the at least three fracturing formations represent the thin interbedded, multi-layered, and multi-layered reservoir morphologies containing soft layers of the oil and gas reservoir to be fractured. A formation fracturing module is used to sequentially install the at least three fracturing formations into a constructed multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model for fracturing, and to determine the fracture state of the at least three fracturing formations during the fracturing process under different fracturing conditions; wherein, the fracturing conditions include injection pressure and injection flow rate; The fracture determination module is used to map fracture states to fracturing conditions and determine the target fracturing conditions and fracture propagation patterns for the at least three types of fracturing formations at the time of fracture initiation.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental model includes a pump source device, a control system, a pressure and flow testing device, and a fracturing test bench; wherein, the pump source device includes a hydraulic pump, the control system includes an overflow valve and a throttle valve, and the pressure and flow testing device includes an electromagnetic flow meter and a pressure sensor.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; Storage device for storing one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental method according to any one of claims 1-6.

10. A storage medium containing computer-executable instructions, characterized in that, The computer-executable instructions, when executed by a computer processor, are used to perform the multi-formation fracturing simulation experimental method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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