Advanced geological forecast equipment based on drilling and detection method

Abstract

The invention discloses a drilling-based advanced geological forecast device and a detection method, and relates to the technical field of geological exploration. When the drilling rate of a certain section changes, the depth range of the section is recorded as a detection section; an advanced geological forecasting device is placed in the drill hole; water is injected into the hollow push rod in a pressurized mode in a quantitative pressurized water injection mode, the water injection pressure change is observed and compared with the pressure change of the standard section, and the crushing degree of the unfavorable geologic body is quantitatively judged according to the pressure attenuation degree and the pressure time curve. And obtaining the bad degree and the axial distribution range of the bad geologic body according to the stress distribution range collected by the stress sensor. By adopting the scheme, the waste of procedures is avoided, the support of the excavated hole section has no influence on the test, the datamation degree of the test result is high, the influence of subjective judgment is reduced, and the method is more favorable for carrying out data quantitative comprehensive analysis by combining other advanced forecasting means in the later period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of geological detection technology, and in particular to an advanced geological prediction device and a detection method based on drilling. Background Art

[0002] There are generally three types of schemes for advance prediction of underground caverns based on drilling. One is to use blasting or hammer vibration and analyze the waveform by receiving seismic wave reflection. One is to use in-hole television and use images for identification and judgment. The other is to take coring samples in the hole and make judgments directly based on intuitive observation of the core.

[0003] In the process of tunnel excavation, the existing technology for advanced geological prediction of the unexcavated tunnel section ahead has the following shortcomings:

[0004] 1. Blasting or hammering is carried out on the side wall of the tunnel, and multiple sets of source receiving equipment need to be buried at the same time, so the workload is large. In addition, when the geological conditions of the tunnel are poor, support is often carried out immediately after excavation, and there is no exposed rock wall for testing, or the test is carried out only after the support structure is destroyed to expose the rock wall. In addition, from the receiving principle, the support structure has a significant impact on the test results.

[0005] 2. In-hole television is greatly affected by image quality, and the image is difficult to convert into quantitative data for analysis. Therefore, it is difficult to combine with other forecasting methods to conduct comprehensive quantitative analysis.

[0006] 3. The coring in the hole is accurate and intuitive, but to ensure the quality of coring, special hole making and coring equipment must be used. The operation is relatively complicated and the drilling speed is slow, which affects the construction progress. At the same time, there are also shortcomings such as the analysis data is relatively subjective and difficult to convert into quantitative data. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a drilling-based advanced geological prediction device and detection method, which not only avoids waste in the process, but also avoids the influence of the support of the excavated tunnel section on the test. The test results are directly represented by data, which reduces the influence of subjective judgment and is more conducive to the subsequent quantitative comprehensive analysis of data in combination with other advanced prediction means.

[0008] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] An advanced geological prediction device based on drilling, comprising:

[0010] A cylinder, wherein a plurality of first through slots and a plurality of second through slots are respectively formed on the upper and lower sides of the cylinder; the plurality of first through slots are uniformly spaced in sequence along the length direction of the cylinder, and the plurality of second through slots are uniformly spaced in sequence along the length direction of the cylinder;

[0011] A blocking block is provided at each of the first through slot and the second through slot, the blocking block is slidably connected to the inner side of the cylinder body and can slide in an annular direction toward the cylinder body; the sliding of the blocking block is used to close or open the first through slot or the second through slot;

[0012] A rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the cylinder and is coaxial with the cylinder, and the rotating shaft can rotate around its own axis; the front and rear positions of the rotating shaft are respectively slidably provided with a monitoring component and a water injection component; the monitoring component and the water injection component are both provided with a push rod, the push rod passes through the front end of the cylinder, and the push rod is used to push the monitoring component and the water injection component to slide in the length direction of the rotating shaft;

[0013] The water injection assembly comprises a water injection block, the water injection block has a flow channel inside, and the push rod on the water injection assembly is hollow inside and communicated with the flow channel; the water injection assembly is rotated to drive the water injection block to push the upper blocking block away, so that the flow channel of the water injection block is communicated with the first through groove;

[0014] The monitoring component comprises a detection block, the detection block has a groove inside, and the groove has a stress sensor; the monitoring component is rotated to drive the detection block to push the blocking block below, so that the groove of the detection block is connected with the second through groove;

[0015] The inner side of the cylinder is provided with a reset piece connected to the blocking block; the water injection component and the monitoring component are rotationally symmetrically arranged.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the workload of blasting or hammer vibration is large, and the support structure has an impact on the test results. It is difficult to convert the in-hole television into quantitative data for analysis. The coring operation in the hole is relatively complicated and the drilling speed is slow, which affects the construction progress. The present invention provides an advanced geological prediction equipment and detection method based on drilling, which not only avoids waste in the process, but also avoids the impact of the support of the excavated hole section on the test. The test results are directly represented by data, which reduces the influence of subjective judgment and is more conducive to the later combination with other advanced prediction methods for quantitative comprehensive analysis of data.

[0017] The specific scheme includes a cylinder, which is adapted to the size of the borehole and can move in the borehole; the upper side of the cylinder is provided with a plurality of first through grooves to facilitate water injection into the rock mass through the first through grooves, and the lower side of the cylinder is provided with a plurality of second through grooves to facilitate the detection of the pressure of the infiltrated water by a stress sensor; blocking blocks are provided at the first through grooves and the second through grooves to facilitate the blocking effect of the blocking blocks to prevent excessive external water from entering the cylinder; a rotating shaft is arranged on the axis of the cylinder and can rotate, one end of the rotating shaft extends out of the front end of the cylinder and is connected to an external telescopic mechanism so that the rotating shaft can be controlled to rotate when the cylinder is remotely pushed to move; inside the cylinder It also has a water injection assembly and a detection assembly, which are arranged symmetrically and rotated. The only difference between the two is that the water injection block has a flow channel for water to pass through, and the detection block has a groove with a stress sensor in the groove. In the actual operation process, the water injection assembly and the detection assembly can be pushed to their respective corresponding positions by two push rods, and then the rotating shaft is rotated, so that the detection block can push a certain blocking block below to connect with the second through groove, and the water injection block can push a certain blocking block above to connect with the first through groove, so as to perform pressure detection and water injection, so as to detect the degree of damage and axial length range of the poor geological body. Among them, when the water injection block and the detection block leave, the blocking block can be reset under the action of the reset member to block the through groove again. There is an arc track groove at the end of the cylinder, which can adapt to the rotation of the push rod while the push rod is inserted.

[0018] In order to realize the sliding of the blocking block and guide the blocking block, both sides of the blocking block are provided with guide blocks, and the length direction of the guide blocks is arranged along the sliding direction of the blocking block; the two sides of the blocking block are respectively connected to the two guide blocks for sliding; the side wall of the guide block is provided with an arc groove, and the reset member is located in the arc groove; the side wall of the blocking block is provided with a slider extending into the arc groove, and the reset member is connected to the slider; the arc line of the arc groove is coaxial with the cylinder. In this scheme, the guide block is arranged in the sliding direction of the blocking block, and is close to a quarter arc, and is not arranged too long, so as to leave space for the monitoring component and the water injection component to move axially along the cylinder; the two adjacent guide blocks clamp the blocking block inside, so that the blocking block slides between the two guide blocks; the side of the blocking block is provided with a slider for extending into the arc groove for sliding guidance, and the reset member adopts a reset spring, which is bent and arranged along the length direction of the arc groove.

[0019] In order to achieve sliding along the length direction of the rotating shaft, the monitoring component and the water injection component both include a sliding sleeve, which is slidably mounted on the rotating shaft; the rotating shaft has a first sliding groove along its length direction, and the inner side of the sliding sleeve has a protrusion that is slidably connected to the first sliding groove. In this solution, the first sliding groove is opened on the rotating shaft and is in a long strip shape along the length direction of the rotating shaft. The sliding sleeve is inserted into the rotating shaft through the protrusion on its inner side to achieve sliding.

[0020] In order to reduce the gap, the monitoring component and the water injection component both include an intermediate block, and the intermediate block is connected to the sliding sleeve; the intermediate block and the blocking block are both provided with a placement groove at one end away from the sliding sleeve;

[0021] The bottoms of the water injection block and the detection block are respectively located in their corresponding placement grooves and are connected to the bottoms of the placement grooves through a plurality of springs; a plugging head is provided at the placement groove of the blocking block, and the bottom of the plugging head is located in the placement groove and is connected to the bottom of the placement groove through a plurality of springs;

[0022] The water injection block, the detection block and the top of the plugging head can all extend out or retract into the placement groove. In this solution, the water injection block and the detection block are placed in the placement groove respectively, and the plugging head is set beyond the placement groove of the plugging block, and a corresponding movable space is reserved in the placement groove; there are a number of springs at the bottom of the placement groove, and the water injection block or the detection block or the plugging head is pushed into the cylinder by the thrust of the springs. When it moves to the first through groove and the second through groove position, the pushing effect of the elastic force can reduce the gap between the water injection block, the detection block and the plugging head and the inner wall of the cylinder, thereby reducing water infiltration.

[0023] In order to realize water flow, the middle block of the water injection assembly has a through channel inside, and the channel is connected to the hollow push rod; the bottom of the water injection block has a pipe inserted into the channel, and the pipe is connected to the channel and the flow channel respectively, and the pipe can move along its axis in the channel. Among them, the channel inside the middle block is L-shaped, one end is connected to the pipe, and the other end is inserted with a pipe, and the pipe can move axially inside it, and is preferably a sliding sealing connection to reduce water flow loss.

[0024] In order to further guide and support the sliding of the water injection component and the monitoring component, long strips are provided on both sides of the inner wall of the cylinder, and the long strips are arranged along the length direction of the cylinder; the side walls of the long strips are provided with guide surfaces that match the side walls of the middle block; a second slide groove is provided on the guide surface, and the second slide groove is arranged along the length direction of the cylinder; the side of the middle block away from the blocking block is provided with a slide rod that matches the second slide groove. In this scheme, since the water injection component and the monitoring component have a certain weight, during the sliding process along the rotating shaft, the upper middle block is provided with a long strip on the side away from the upper blocking block, and the lower middle block is provided with a long strip on the side away from the lower blocking block. The two long strips are rotationally symmetrical, and the side walls of the long strips are guide surfaces, and the guide surfaces are inclined surfaces. In this way, one side of the middle block can be placed on the guide surface and supported by the guide surface; and then the second slide groove and the slide rod are used for guidance, so as to realize the sliding of the water injection component and the monitoring component. In addition, the two blocking blocks and the two middle blocks are both fan-shaped to facilitate mutual pushing and contact.

[0025] In order to locate the sliding distance and quickly reach the designated position, a deep groove is provided on one side of the middle block, the bottom of the slide bar is connected to the bottom of the deep groove through a spring, and can move along the length direction of the deep groove; the top of the slide bar extends out of the deep groove and can be inserted into the second slide groove;

[0026] The bottom of the second slide groove is provided with a plurality of triangular blocks spaced apart along its length direction, the top of the slide rod is provided with a triangular head matched with the triangular blocks, and the side surfaces of the triangular head are parallel to the side surfaces of the triangular blocks. In this solution, a deep groove is provided on one side of the middle block for placing a slide bar. The slide bar and the sink groove are of the same size and can slide in the deep groove. The bottom of the slide bar has a spring. The top of the slide bar extends out of the deep groove and is inserted into the second slide groove to achieve guidance. There are several triangular blocks in the second slide groove, and the top of the slide bar has a triangular head. When the slide bar slides in the second slide groove, it will be blocked by the triangular block when it encounters the triangular block. At this time, the pushing process of the water injection component and the monitoring component encounters resistance, which means that a through groove position has been reached. The rotation of this position can just push the blocking block and connect the through groove. When the through groove at this location is not needed, the thrust is increased and continued to push forward. The inclined surface of the triangular head and the inclined surface of the triangular block are in contact and squeezed, so that the slide bar gradually retracts until it passes the triangular block at this location. When it moves to the next triangular block, it will encounter resistance again, and the above steps can be repeated. Among them, each triangular block corresponds to a through groove position.

[0027] In order to reduce water seepage and improve sealing performance, the tops of the water injection block, the detection block and the plugging head are all provided with a prism that is larger at the bottom and smaller at the top, and the small end of the prism has an arc surface that matches the cylinder; the inner ends of the first through groove and the second through groove are both provided with an angular groove for partially accommodating the prism; and the bottom of the angular groove is also provided with a sealing end face. In this solution, through the matching prisms and angular grooves, when the water injection block, the detection block and the plugging head are moved to the corresponding through groove positions, they can extend into the through groove under the action of elastic force, so that the prism is partially inserted into the angular groove. Since it is not completely inserted, the inclined surfaces on both sides are partially slidably abutted, which is convenient for quickly rotating out of the through groove. There is also a sealing end face at the bottom of the angular groove, so that the circumferential arc surface can abut against the sealing end face to achieve further sealing.

[0028] A further solution is a method for detecting a bad geological body, comprising the following steps:

[0029] S1: Drill holes at the tunnel face and analyze the drilling data after drilling. When the drilling rate of a certain section changes, the depth range of that section is recorded as the detection section.

[0030] S2: placing the advanced geological prediction device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 into the borehole, and pushing the advanced geological prediction device into the detection section position, at which time the first through slot is located directly above the borehole, and the second through slot is located directly below the borehole;

[0031] S3: Push the water injection assembly to one or more first through slots in the detection section in sequence, rotate the shaft, push open the corresponding blocking block, and make the internal channel of the water injection block communicate with the first through slot;

[0032] S4: Under the test pressure of the normal rock mass section, water is injected into the hollow push rod by quantitative water injection. The changes in water injection pressure are observed and compared with the changes in pressure in the standard section. The degree of fragmentation of the unfavorable geological body is assigned by the slope of the pressure-time curve.

[0033] 10. The method for detecting a bad geological body according to claim 9, characterized in that it further comprises the following steps:

[0034] S5: After determining the degree of fragmentation of the unfavorable geological body, the water injection assembly is pushed to the first through slot position closest to the end of the detection section, and the monitoring assembly is pushed to the second through slot position closest to the head end of the detection section, and then the rotating shaft is rotated to synchronously push open the corresponding blocking block, so that the internal channel of the water injection block is connected to the first through slot, and the groove of the detection block is connected to the second through slot;

[0035] S6: Use constant pressure water injection to inject water into the hollow push rod. If the stress sensor detects the corresponding pressure within a certain period of time, the length of the unfavorable geological body in the direction of the borehole axis is obtained; if the stress sensor does not detect the corresponding pressure, the distance between the water injection component and the monitoring component is gradually reduced, and they are moved relatively to the corresponding first through groove or second through groove position in turn until the stress sensor detects the corresponding pressure.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. The present invention provides an advanced geological prediction device and detection method based on drilling, which not only avoids waste in the process, but also has no influence on the support and testing of the excavated tunnel section, and the test results are highly digitized, reducing the influence of subjective judgment, and is more conducive to the later combination with other advanced prediction means for quantitative comprehensive analysis of data.

[0038] 2. The present invention provides an advanced geological prediction device and detection method based on drilling. It adopts a quantitative pressurized water injection method. It can judge the distribution position of unfavorable geological bodies in the rock mass according to the changes of multiple groups of pressures over time, and assign the degree of unfavorability by assigning the slope of the change curve, so as to finely judge the degree of fragmentation of the unfavorable geological body.

[0039] 3. The present invention provides an advanced geological prediction device and detection method based on drilling, which adopts a constant pressure continuous water injection method. It can indirectly reflect the connectivity conditions of the surrounding rock mass according to the stress size and range corresponding to the stress sensor, and obtain the degree of poor quality and axial distribution range of the poor geological body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. In the drawings:

[0041] Figure 1 A simplified structural diagram of an advanced geological prediction device provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of an advanced geological prediction device provided by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 The present invention provides Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram of the

[0044] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the cooperation between the triangle head and the triangle block provided by the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the water injection block provided by the present invention.

[0046] Marks and corresponding parts names in the attached drawings:

[0047] 1-cylinder, 101-first through slot, 102-second through slot, 2-blocking block, 3-rotating shaft, 4-monitoring component, 401-detection block, 5-water injection component, 501-water injection block, 502-pipeline, 6-push rod, 7-reset part, 8-stress sensor, 9-guide block, 10-sleeve, 11-middle block, 12-long strip block, 13-slide rod, 1301-triangular head, 14-triangular block, 15-prism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their description are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0049] Embodiment 1:

[0050] This embodiment 1 provides a drilling-based advanced geological prediction device, such as Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, including:

[0051] A cylinder 1, wherein a plurality of first through slots 101 and a plurality of second through slots 102 are respectively formed on the upper and lower sides of the cylinder 1; the plurality of first through slots 101 are uniformly spaced in sequence along the length direction of the cylinder 1, and the plurality of second through slots 102 are uniformly spaced in sequence along the length direction of the cylinder 1;

[0052] A blocking block 2 is provided at each of the first through slot 101 and the second through slot 102. The blocking block 2 is slidably connected to the inner side of the cylinder 1 and can slide in an annular direction toward the cylinder 1. The sliding of the blocking block 2 is used to close or open the first through slot 101 or the second through slot 102.

[0053] A rotating shaft 3, the rotating shaft 3 is rotatably connected to the cylinder 1 and is coaxial with the cylinder 1, and the rotating shaft 3 can rotate around its own axis; the front and rear positions of the rotating shaft 3 are respectively slidably provided with a monitoring component 4 and a water injection component 5; the monitoring component 4 and the water injection component 5 are both provided with a push rod 6, the push rod 6 passes through the front end of the cylinder 1, and the push rod 6 is used to push the monitoring component 4 and the water injection component 5 to slide in the length direction of the rotating shaft 3;

[0054] The water injection assembly 5 includes a water injection block 501, the water injection block 501 has a flow channel inside, and the push rod 6 on the water injection assembly 5 is hollow inside and communicates with the flow channel; the water injection assembly 5 is rotated to drive the water injection block 501 to push the upper blocking block 2, so that the flow channel of the water injection block 501 is communicated with the first through groove 101;

[0055] The monitoring assembly 4 includes a detection block 401, the detection block 401 has a groove inside, and the groove has a stress sensor 8; the monitoring assembly 4 is rotated to drive the detection block 401 to push the blocking block 2 below, so that the groove of the detection block 401 is connected to the second through groove 102;

[0056] The inner side of the cylinder 1 is provided with a reset member 7 connected to the blocking block 2; the water injection assembly 5 and the monitoring assembly 4 are arranged rotationally symmetrically.

[0057] Compared with the prior art, the workload of blasting or hammer vibration is large, and the support structure has an impact on the test results. It is difficult to convert the in-hole television into quantitative data for analysis. The coring operation in the hole is relatively complicated and the drilling speed is slow, which affects the construction progress. The present invention provides an advanced geological prediction equipment and detection method based on drilling, which not only avoids waste in the process, but also avoids the impact of the support of the excavated hole section on the test. The test results are directly represented by data, which reduces the influence of subjective judgment and is more conducive to the later combination with other advanced prediction methods for quantitative comprehensive analysis of data.

[0058] In the specific scheme, it includes a cylinder 1, which is adapted to the size of the borehole and can move in the borehole; the upper side of the cylinder 1 is provided with a plurality of first through grooves 101, so as to inject water into the rock mass through the first through grooves 101, and the lower side of the cylinder 1 is provided with a plurality of second through grooves 102, so as to detect the pressure of the infiltrated water through the stress sensor 8; blocking blocks 2 are provided at the first through grooves 101 and the second through grooves 102, so as to prevent excessive external water from entering the cylinder 1 through the blocking effect of the blocking blocks 2; the rotating shaft 3 is arranged on the axis of the cylinder 1 and can rotate, one end of the rotating shaft 3 extends out of the front end of the cylinder 1, and is connected to the external telescopic mechanism, so that when the cylinder 1 is remotely pushed to move, the rotating shaft 3 can also be controlled to rotate; in the cylinder 1 also has a water injection assembly 5 and a detection assembly, which are arranged symmetrically and rotated. The only difference between the two is that the water injection block 501 has a flow channel for water to pass through, while the detection block 401 has a groove, and the groove has a stress sensor 8; in the actual operation process, the water injection assembly 5 and the detection assembly can be pushed to their respective corresponding positions by two push rods 6, and then the rotating shaft 3 is rotated, so that the detection block 401 can push a certain blocking block 2 below to communicate with the second through groove 102, and the water injection block 501 can push a certain blocking block 2 above to communicate with the first through groove 101, so as to perform pressure detection and water injection, so as to detect the damage degree and axial length range of the bad geological body. Among them, when the water injection block 501 and the detection block 401 leave, the blocking block 2 can be reset under the action of the reset member 7 to block the through groove again. There is an arc track groove at the end of the cylinder 1, which can adapt to the rotation of the push rod 6 while the push rod 6 is inserted.

[0059] In order to realize the sliding of the blocking block 2 and guide the blocking block 2, both sides of the blocking block 2 are provided with guide blocks 9, and the length direction of the guide blocks 9 is set along the sliding direction of the blocking block 2; the two sides of the blocking block 2 are respectively connected to the two guide blocks 9 for sliding; the side wall of the guide block 9 is provided with an arc groove, and the reset member 7 is located in the arc groove; the side wall of the blocking block 2 is provided with a slider extending into the arc groove, and the reset member 7 is connected to the slider; the arc line of the arc groove is coaxial with the cylinder 1. In this scheme, the guide block 9 is set in the sliding direction of the blocking block 2, and is close to a quarter arc, and is not set too long, so as to leave space for the monitoring component 4 and the water injection component 5 to move axially along the cylinder 1; the two adjacent guide blocks 9 clamp the blocking block 2 inside, so that the blocking block 2 slides between the two guide blocks 9; the side of the blocking block 2 is provided with a slider for extending into the arc groove for sliding guidance, and the reset member 7 adopts a reset spring, which is bent and set along the length direction of the arc groove.

[0060] In order to achieve sliding along the length direction of the rotating shaft 3, the monitoring component 4 and the water injection component 5 both include a sliding sleeve 10, which is slidably mounted on the rotating shaft 3; the rotating shaft 3 has a first sliding groove along its length direction, and the inner side of the sliding sleeve 10 has a protrusion slidably connected to the first sliding groove. In this solution, the first sliding groove is opened on the rotating shaft 3 and is in a long strip shape along the length direction of the rotating shaft 3. The sliding sleeve 10 is inserted into the rotating shaft 3 through the protrusion on its inner side to achieve sliding.

[0061] In order to reduce the gap, the monitoring component 4 and the water injection component 5 both include an intermediate block 11, and the intermediate block 11 is connected to the sliding sleeve 10; the intermediate block 11 and the end of the blocking block 2 away from the sliding sleeve 10 are both provided with a placement groove;

[0062] The bottoms of the water injection block 501 and the detection block 401 are respectively located in their corresponding placement grooves and are connected to the bottoms of the placement grooves through a plurality of springs; a plugging head is provided at the placement groove of the blocking block 2, and the bottom of the plugging head is located in the placement groove and is connected to the bottom of the placement groove through a plurality of springs;

[0063] The water injection block 501, the detection block 401 and the top of the plugging head can all be extended or retracted into the placement groove. In this solution, the water injection block 501 and the detection block 401 are respectively placed in the placement groove, and the plugging head is set beyond the placement groove of the plugging block 2, and a corresponding activity space is reserved in the placement groove; there are a number of springs at the bottom of the placement groove, and the water injection block 501 or the detection block 401 or the plugging head is pushed into the cylinder 1 by the thrust of the springs. When it moves to the first through groove 101 and the second through groove 102, the pushing effect of the elastic force can reduce the gap between the water injection block 501, the detection block 401 and the plugging head and the inner wall of the cylinder 1, thereby reducing water infiltration.

[0064] In order to realize water flow, the middle block 11 of the water injection assembly 5 has a through channel inside, and the channel is connected to the hollow push rod 6; the bottom of the water injection block 501 has a pipe inserted into the channel, and the pipe is connected to the channel and the flow channel respectively, and the pipe can move along its axis in the channel. Among them, the channel inside the middle block 11 is L-shaped, one end is connected to the pipe, and the other end is inserted with a pipe, and the pipe can move axially therein, and is preferably connected in a sliding seal to reduce water flow loss.

[0065] In order to further guide and support the sliding of the water injection component 5 and the monitoring component 4, long blocks 12 are provided on both sides of the inner wall of the cylinder 1, and the long blocks 12 are arranged along the length direction of the cylinder 1; the side walls of the long blocks 12 have guide surfaces that are compatible with the side walls of the intermediate blocks 11; a second slide groove is opened on the guide surface, and the second slide groove is arranged along the length direction of the cylinder 1; the side of the intermediate block 11 away from the blocking block 2 has a slide rod 13 that is compatible with the second slide groove. In this solution, since the water injection assembly 5 and the monitoring assembly 4 have a certain weight, during the sliding process along the rotating shaft 3, the upper middle block 11 has a long block 12 on the side away from the upper blocking block 2, and the lower middle block 11 has a long block 12 on the side away from the lower blocking block 2. The two long blocks 12 are rotationally symmetrical, and the side walls of the long blocks 12 are guide surfaces, and the guide surfaces are inclined surfaces. In this way, one side of the middle block 11 can be placed on the guide surface and supported by the guide surface; and then guided by the cooperation between the second slide groove and the slide rod 13, so as to realize the sliding of the water injection assembly 5 and the monitoring assembly 4. In addition, the two blocking blocks 2 and the two middle blocks 11 are fan-shaped to facilitate mutual pushing and contact.

[0066] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in order to locate the sliding distance and quickly reach the designated position, the middle block 11 has a deep groove on one side, the bottom of the slide bar 13 is connected to the bottom of the deep groove through a spring, and can move along the length direction of the deep groove; the top of the slide bar 13 extends out of the deep groove and can be inserted into the second slide groove;

[0067] A plurality of triangular blocks 14 are spaced apart at the bottom of the second slide groove along its length direction. The top of the slide rod 13 is provided with a triangular head 1301 matched with the triangular block 14 , and the side surface of the triangular head 1301 is parallel to the side surface of the triangular block 14 . In this scheme, a deep groove is provided on one side of the middle block 11 for placing a slide bar 13. The slide bar 13 is matched with the size of the sink groove and can slide in the deep groove, and a spring is provided at the bottom thereof; the top of the slide bar 13 extends out of the deep groove and is inserted into the second slide groove to achieve guidance; a plurality of triangular blocks 14 are provided in the second slide groove, and a triangular head 1301 is provided on the top of the slide bar 13. When the slide bar 13 slides in the second slide groove, when it encounters the triangular block 14, it will be blocked by the triangular block 14. At this time, the pushing process of the water injection component 5 and the monitoring component 4 encounters resistance, which means that a through groove position has been reached, and the rotation energy at this position can just push the blocking block 2 and connect the through groove; when the through groove at this location is not needed, the thrust is increased and continued to be pushed forward, and the inclined surface of the triangular head 1301 and the inclined surface of the triangular block 14 are in contact and squeezed, so that the slide bar 13 gradually retracts until it passes over the triangular block 14 at this location; when it moves to the next triangular block 14, it will encounter resistance again, and the above steps can be repeated at this time. Each triangular block 14 corresponds to a through slot position.

[0068] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, in order to reduce water seepage and improve sealing performance, the tops of the water injection block 501, the detection block 401 and the plugging head are all provided with a prism 15 that is larger at the bottom and smaller at the top, and the small end of the prism 15 has an arc surface that matches the cylinder 1; the inner ends of the first through groove 101 and the second through groove 102 are both provided with a rib groove for partially accommodating the prism 15; and the bottom of the rib groove is also provided with a sealing end face. In this solution, through the matching prism 15 and rib groove, when the water injection block 501, the detection block 401 and the plugging head are moved to the corresponding through groove position, they can extend into the through groove under the action of elastic force, so that the prism 15 is partially stuck in the rib groove. Since it is not completely stuck, the inclined surfaces on both sides are partially slidably abutted, which is convenient for quickly rotating out of the through groove. There is also a sealing end face at the bottom of the rib groove, so that the circumferential arc surface can abut against the sealing end face to achieve further sealing.

[0069] Embodiment 2:

[0070] This embodiment 2 is further optimized on the basis of embodiment 1. In order to identify the unfavorable geological body in the unexcavated section in front of the excavated cavern, a method for detecting the unfavorable geological body is provided, including the following specific steps:

[0071] S1: First, collect the normal drilling data of the hand-held pneumatic drill that can record drilling data and the data of rock pressure water injection under normal rock conditions. Then use the same type of hand-held pneumatic drill to make holes normally at the tunnel face. The drilling depth can be determined based on the initial judgment of the possible location of the unfavorable geological body, generally 8 to 20 meters. After the hole is made, conduct a preliminary analysis of the drilling data. When the drilling length per unit time of a certain section is less than the normal drilling length, or the drilling rate is unstable, it is preliminarily judged that the rock conditions in this depth range are worse than normal conditions, and the corresponding depth range (such as ab section) is recorded, that is, the detection section.

[0072] S2: Take out the drilling rig, put the advanced geological prediction device into the borehole, and push the advanced geological prediction device into the detection section position. At this time, the first through groove 101 is located directly above the borehole, and the second through groove 102 is located directly below the borehole.

[0073] S3: Push the water injection assembly 5 sequentially to the detection section, that is, one or more first through grooves 101 between a and b, rotate the shaft 3, push open the corresponding blocking block 2, and make the internal channel of the water injection block 501 communicate with the first through groove 101;

[0074] S4: Under the test pressure of the normal rock mass section, the hollow push rod 6 is pressurized and injected with water by quantitative water injection. First, the mode of quantitative water injection under the test pressure of the normal rock mass section is adopted, generally taking 0.5~2Mpa pressure for the test, observing the pressure change curve over time and comparing it with the standard section curve. If the pressure decays faster than the standard section, it means that the rock mass condition of the pressurized section a is worse than the standard section, which can be expressed by the absolute value of the difference between the pressure change characteristic slope of the standard section: |K0-K|. In addition, according to the excavation experience and the actual pressure curve, the degree of rock mass deterioration compared with the standard section can be further judged by the speed of pressure decay, and this degree can be expressed by the characteristic slope of the pressure decay curve |K|. In the above quantitative pressurized water injection, the water injection volume is constant under this condition, and the pressure continues to decrease. Observe and initially judge the initial pressure-time attenuation curves of different abnormal depths, and assign a value to the poor geological body at that depth through the characteristic slope K value after the curve stabilizes; in fine-grained analysis, it can be refined into a series of K values ​​such as K1 under pressure 1 and K2 under pressure 2. The more sensitive the low pressure is, the worse the geological conditions are. If the K value is small under low pressure, the pressure can be increased for further testing. This step can finely judge the degree of fragmentation of the poor geological body.

[0075] S5: After determining the degree of fragmentation of the unfavorable geological body, push the water injection assembly 5 to the first through slot 101 closest to the end of the detection section, push the monitoring assembly 4 to the second through slot 102 closest to the head of the detection section, then rotate the shaft 3 to synchronously push open the corresponding blocking block 2, so that the internal channel of the water injection block 501 is connected to the first through slot 101, and the groove of the detection block 401 is connected to the second through slot 102;

[0076] S6: Use constant pressure water injection to inject water into the hollow push rod 6. After a certain period of time, observe the stress sensing of the stress sensor 8 below. Theoretically, if there is a single bad geological body in the ab section initially judged during the drilling stage, the connection between points a and b can be reflected in terms of water injection and pressure. Since the device in the hole is not connected from top to bottom, if the rock mass where the water is injected is a bad geological body, its general characteristics of being loose can cause water to bypass the borehole and seep through the inside of the bad geological body around the borehole under a certain constant pressure, eventually forming a water seepage channel, filling the second through groove 102 at the bottom and the groove at the end of the detection block 401, and being detected by the stress sensor 8. At this time, the length of the bad geological body in the direction of the borehole axis and its depth range can be determined.

[0077] Constant pressure continuous water injection, under this condition, the total amount of water injection continues to increase to ensure constant pressure. Under this condition, the water injection volume-time variation curve can be obtained. After the curve is stable, the slope value k can also be obtained for analysis. Similarly, it can be further refined into curves under different pressures for detailed analysis;

[0078] Under the condition of constant pressure and continuous water injection, observe the changes of stress sensor 8 and the time interval t from water injection to the beginning of change. When stress sensor 8 does not change for a long time, it means that the external rock mass of the ab depth segment is not connected, and the range of the bad geological body is less than the depth. At this time, adjust the depth of a and b. The adjustment method is to first adjust the water injection block 501 connected to the first through groove 101 at the top, find the bottom of the bad geological body according to steps S3 and S4, and then adjust the detection block 401 at the bottom, gradually reduce the distance between ab, and maintain a constant pressure state until the stress sensor 8 generates data, indicating that the ab segment at this time has a hydraulic connection, which corresponds to the axial distribution range of the bad geological body. The stress size corresponding to the stress sensor 8 can also indirectly reflect the connection condition, that is, the bad degree of the bad geological body, and this value can be directly applied.

[0079] Therefore, through the above tests and related data, the axial distribution range and degree of the bad geological body in front of the cavern can be analyzed. It should be noted that in special cases, drilling holes used for other purposes can be used for testing, such as anchor holes, geophysical test holes, etc. And horizontal, inclined, and vertical holes can all be used for this test.

[0080] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drilling-based advanced geological prediction device, characterized in that: include: A cylinder (1), wherein a plurality of first through grooves (101) and a plurality of second through grooves (102) are respectively formed on the upper and lower sides of the cylinder (1); the plurality of first through grooves (101) are uniformly spaced in sequence along the length direction of the cylinder (1), and the plurality of second through grooves (102) are uniformly spaced in sequence along the length direction of the cylinder (1); A blocking block (2), each of the first through groove (101) and the second through groove (102) is provided with a blocking block (2), the blocking block (2) is slidably connected to the inner side of the cylinder (1) and can slide in an annular direction toward the cylinder (1); the sliding of the blocking block (2) is used to close or open the first through groove (101) or the second through groove (102); A rotating shaft (3), the rotating shaft (3) is rotatably connected to the cylinder (1) and is coaxial with the cylinder (1), and the rotating shaft (3) can rotate around its own axis; the front and rear positions of the rotating shaft (3) are respectively slidably provided with a monitoring component (4) and a water injection component (5); the monitoring component and the water injection component are both provided with a push rod (6), the push rod (6) passes through the front end of the cylinder (1), and the push rod (6) is used to push the monitoring component (4) and the water injection component (5) to slide in the length direction of the rotating shaft (3); The water injection assembly (5) comprises a water injection block (501), the water injection block (501) has a flow channel inside, and the push rod (6) on the water injection assembly (5) is hollow inside and communicates with the flow channel; the water injection assembly (5) is rotated to drive the water injection block (501) to push away the upper blocking block (2), so that the flow channel of the water injection block (501) is communicated with the first through groove (101); The monitoring component (4) comprises a detection block (401), the detection block (401) has a groove inside, and the groove has a stress sensor (8) inside; the monitoring component (4) is rotated to drive the detection block (401) to push away the blocking block (2) below, so that the groove of the detection block (401) and the second through groove (102) are connected; The inner side of the cylinder (1) is provided with a reset component (7) connected to the blocking block (2); the water injection component (5) and the monitoring component (4) are arranged rotationally symmetrically.

2. The drilling-based advanced geological prediction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blocking block (2) is provided with guide blocks (9) on both sides, and the length direction of the guide blocks (9) is arranged along the sliding direction of the blocking block (2); the two sides of the blocking block (2) are respectively connected to the two guide blocks (9) in a sliding manner; the side wall of the guide block (9) is provided with an arc groove, and the reset member (7) is located in the arc groove; the side wall of the blocking block (2) is provided with a sliding block extending into the arc groove, and the reset member is connected to the sliding block; the arc line of the arc groove is coaxial with the cylinder (1).

3. The drilling-based advanced geological prediction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring component (4) and the water injection component (5) both include a sliding sleeve (10), and the sliding sleeve (10) is slidably mounted on the rotating shaft (3); the rotating shaft (3) has a first sliding groove along its length direction, and the inner side of the sliding sleeve (10) has a protrusion that is slidably connected to the first sliding groove.

4. The drilling-based advanced geological prediction device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The monitoring component (4) and the water injection component (5) both include an intermediate block (11), and the intermediate blocks (11) of the monitoring component (4) and the water injection component (5) are connected to the sliding sleeve (10); The middle block (11) and the blocking block (2) are both provided with a placement groove at one end away from the sliding sleeve (10); The bottoms of the water injection block (501) and the detection block (401) are respectively located in their corresponding placement grooves and are connected to the bottoms of the placement grooves via a plurality of springs; a blocking head (201) is provided at the placement groove of the blocking block (2), and the bottom of the blocking head (201) is located in the placement groove and is connected to the bottom of the placement groove via a plurality of springs; The water injection block (501), the detection block (401) and the top of the plugging head (201) can all be extended out or retracted into the placement groove.

5. The drilling-based advanced geological prediction device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The middle block (11) of the water injection assembly (5) has a through channel inside, and the channel is connected to the hollow push rod (6); the bottom of the water injection block (501) has a pipe (502) inserted into the channel, and the pipe (502) is connected to the channel and the flow channel respectively, and the pipe (502) can move along its axis in the channel.

6. The drilling-based advanced geological prediction device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both sides of the inner wall of the cylinder (1) are provided with long strips (12), and the long strips (12) are arranged along the length direction of the cylinder (1); the side walls of the long strips (12) are provided with guide surfaces that are compatible with the side walls of the intermediate block (11); a second slide groove is opened on the guide surface, and the second slide groove is arranged along the length direction of the cylinder (1); the side of the intermediate block (11) away from the blocking block (2) is provided with a slide rod (13) that is compatible with the second slide groove.

7. The drilling-based advanced geological prediction device according to claim 6, characterized in that: One side of the middle block (11) is provided with a deep groove, the bottom of the slide bar (13) is connected to the bottom of the deep groove through a spring and can move along the length direction of the deep groove; the top of the slide bar (13) extends out of the deep groove and can be inserted into the second slide groove; The bottom of the second slide groove is provided with a plurality of triangular blocks (14) spaced apart along its length direction, and the top of the slide rod (13) is provided with a triangular head (1301) adapted to the triangular block (14), and the side surface of the triangular head (1301) is parallel to the side surface of the triangular block (14).

8. The drilling-based advanced geological prediction device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The tops of the water injection block (501), the detection block (401) and the plugging head (201) are all provided with a prism (15) which is larger at the bottom and smaller at the top, and the small end of the prism (15) is provided with an arc surface which is compatible with the cylinder (1); the inner ends of the first through groove (101) and the second through groove (102) are both provided with a prism groove for partially accommodating the prism (15); and a sealing end surface is also provided at the bottom of the prism groove.

9. A method for detecting bad geological bodies, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Drill holes at the tunnel face and analyze the drilling data after drilling. When the drilling rate of a certain section changes, the depth range of that section is recorded as the detection section. S2: placing the advanced geological prediction device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 into the borehole, and pushing the advanced geological prediction device into the detection section position, at which time the first through groove (101) is located directly above the borehole, and the second through groove (102) is located directly below the borehole; S3: pushing the water injection assembly (5) to one or more first through grooves (101) within the detection section in sequence, rotating the rotating shaft (3), pushing open the corresponding blocking block (2), and making the internal channel of the water injection block (501) communicate with the first through groove (101); S4: Under the test pressure of the normal rock mass section, water is injected into the hollow push rod (6) by quantitative water injection, and the change of water injection pressure is observed and compared with the change of pressure in the standard section, and the degree of fragmentation of the unfavorable geological body is assigned by the slope of the pressure-time curve.

10. A method for detecting bad geological bodies according to claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: S5: After determining the degree of fragmentation of the unfavorable geological body, the water injection assembly (5) is pushed to the position of the first through slot (101) closest to the end of the detection section, and the monitoring assembly (4) is pushed to the position of the second through slot (102) closest to the beginning of the detection section, and then the rotating shaft (3) is rotated to synchronously push open the corresponding blocking block (2), so that the internal channel of the water injection block (501) is connected to the first through slot (101), and the groove of the detection block (401) is connected to the second through slot (102); S6: water is injected into the hollow push rod (6) by constant pressure water injection. If the stress sensor (8) detects the corresponding pressure within a certain period of time, the length of the unfavorable geological body in the direction of the borehole axis is obtained; if the stress sensor (8) does not detect the corresponding pressure, the distance between the water injection component (5) and the monitoring component (4) is gradually reduced, and they are moved relative to the corresponding first through groove (101) or second through groove (102) position in turn until the stress sensor (8) detects the corresponding pressure.

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