Hydrogen engine system, waste steam circulating system and automobile

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobiles, and provides a hydrogen engine system, a waste steam circulation system and an automobile. The hydrogen engine system includes: a combustion chamber including a cylinder; the cooling system comprises a cooling channel; the waste steam circulating system comprises a thermoelectric conversion device and an electrolysis device; the thermoelectric conversion device is arranged between the outer wall of the cylinder body and at least one cooling channel and is used for converting heat generated by combustion of hydrogen in the combustion chamber and conducted to the outer wall of the cylinder body into electric energy and outputting the electric energy; the electrolysis device is electrically connected with the thermoelectric conversion device and used for converting water vapor generated by hydrogen combustion into hydrogen according to the electric energy output by the thermoelectric conversion device and outputting the hydrogen obtained through conversion to the combustion chamber to participate in combustion. External energy does not need to be consumed, products and heat generated after combustion are utilized, and the utilization rate of fuel is further increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of new energy vehicles, and in particular to a hydrogen engine system, an exhaust gas circulation system and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] With the development of new energy vehicles, hydrogen fuel systems have also joined the ranks of hybrid and extended-range assemblies, such as hydrogen engine systems. However, in actual applications, the products and energy generated by the combustion of hydrogen engines have not been utilized. For example, the hydrogen fuel source of buses with water hydrogen power systems is not a hydrogen storage tank, but is produced by its own hydrogen production system. Although the initial fuel becomes water, the method of producing hydrogen from water is direct electrolysis of water. This process requires a large amount of external electrical energy to promote the breaking of molecular chemical bonds, and also to utilize the products and heat after combustion. Therefore, it can be seen that how to use the products and energy generated by the combustion of hydrogen engines to further improve the utilization rate of fuel is a technical problem that the current hydrogen fuel system needs to solve. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, an embodiment of the present application provides a hydrogen engine system, an exhaust gas circulation system and a vehicle to solve the problem of how to fully utilize the waste heat and exhaust gas generated by the operation of the hydrogen engine.

[0004] In a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a hydrogen engine system is provided, comprising: a combustion chamber, including a cylinder body; a cooling system, including a cooling channel; an exhaust gas circulation system, including a thermoelectric conversion device and an electrolysis device; the thermoelectric conversion device is arranged between an outer wall of the cylinder body and at least one cooling channel, and is used to convert heat generated by the combustion of hydrogen in the combustion chamber and conducted to the outer wall of the cylinder body into electrical energy for output; the electrolysis device is electrically connected to the thermoelectric conversion device, and is used to convert water vapor generated by the combustion of hydrogen into hydrogen according to the electrical energy output by the thermoelectric conversion device, and output the converted hydrogen to the combustion chamber to participate in combustion.

[0005] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided an exhaust gas circulation system, comprising: a thermoelectric conversion device, disposed between an outer wall of the cylinder body and at least one cooling channel, for converting heat generated by the combustion of hydrogen in a combustion chamber and conducted to the outer wall of the cylinder body into electrical energy for output; an electrolysis device, electrically connected to the thermoelectric conversion device, for converting water vapor generated by the combustion of hydrogen into hydrogen according to the electrical energy output by the thermoelectric conversion device, and outputting the converted hydrogen to the combustion chamber for combustion.

[0006] According to a third aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a vehicle is provided, which includes the above-mentioned hydrogen engine system.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application are as follows: the hydrogen engine system obtains hydrogen by electrolyzing the high-temperature gaseous water generated by the operation of the engine through an electrolysis device, and then recycles the obtained hydrogen to the combustion chamber to participate in the combustion process. At the same time, the thermoelectric conversion device uses the heat energy generated by the operation of the engine to obtain electrical energy for electrolyzing water vapor, thereby realizing the power supply within the system, thereby avoiding the consumption of external electrical energy of the system to promote the electrolysis of water, and does not need to consume external energy. In addition, the products and heat after combustion are also utilized, further improving the utilization rate of fuel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0009] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of a hydrogen engine system provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of a thermoelectric conversion device provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoelectric conversion device provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoelectric conversion device provided in an embodiment of the present application on a hydrogen engine; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a thermoelectric conversion device provided in an embodiment of the present application on a hydrogen engine; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen engine system in which an electrolysis device provided in an embodiment of the present application is an electroproton type electrolysis chamber; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the proton type electrolysis chamber provided in the embodiment of the present application on the hydrogen engine; Figure 8 It is a structural principle diagram of the proton type electrolysis chamber provided in the embodiment of the present application; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen engine system in which an electrolysis device provided in an embodiment of the present application is an ion-type electrolysis chamber; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the ion type electrolysis chamber provided in the embodiment of the present application on the hydrogen engine; Fig.11 It is a structural principle diagram of the ion type electrolysis chamber provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0010] Among them, the figure marks in the figure are: 1. hydrogen engine; 11. combustion chamber; 12. exhaust manifold; 2. cooling system; 21. cooling channel; 211. water tank; 212. cooling pipeline; 3. exhaust steam circulation system; 31. thermoelectric conversion device; 311. heat absorption end; 312. heat release end; 313. thermocouple pair; 314. through hole; 32. electrolysis device; 33. condensate collection device; 331. drain pipe; 332. drain outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures, technologies, etc. are provided for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation, so as to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it should be clear to those skilled in the art that the present application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted to prevent unnecessary details from obstructing the description of the present application.

[0012] With the development of new energy vehicles, hydrogen fuel systems are gradually being applied to hybrid and range-extending technologies, but there is currently a problem that the combustion products and energy of hydrogen engines are not fully utilized. Therefore, how to efficiently utilize the products and energy of hydrogen combustion is a key technical problem that needs to be solved in the current research and development of hydrogen fuel systems.

[0013] In view of the above problems, see Figure 1 In some embodiments of the present application, a hydrogen engine system is provided, including a combustion chamber 11, a cooling system 2 and an exhaust gas circulation system 3, the combustion chamber 11 including a cylinder; the cooling system 2 including a cooling channel 21; the exhaust gas circulation system 3 including a thermoelectric conversion device 31 and an electrolysis device 32; the thermoelectric conversion device 31 is arranged between the outer wall of the cylinder and at least one cooling channel 21, and is used to convert the heat generated by the combustion of hydrogen in the combustion chamber 11 and conducted to the outer wall of the cylinder into electrical energy for output; the electrolysis device 32 is electrically connected to the thermoelectric conversion device 31, and is used to convert the water vapor generated by the combustion of hydrogen into hydrogen according to the electrical energy output by the thermoelectric conversion device 31, and output the converted hydrogen to the combustion chamber 11 to participate in combustion.

[0014] The combustion chamber 11 is composed of a cylinder block and a cylinder head, which work together to realize the combustion process of the hydrogen engine 1. Specifically, a cylinder hole is provided in the cylinder block, which is the bottom of the combustion chamber 11 and accommodates the piston to move up and down therein; the cylinder head is located above the cylinder block, closes the cylinder, and forms a complete combustion chamber 11. The cylinder head is generally equipped with components such as an intake valve, an exhaust valve, and an injection system. In this embodiment, when the hydrogen engine system is working, the fuel hydrogen comes out of the hydrogen storage tank, is heated and gasified, and then is sprayed into the combustion chamber 11 by the injection system to participate in the combustion. Part of the heat generated by the combustion will be taken away by the cooling system 2, and part of the heat will be transferred to the thermoelectric conversion device 31 to be converted into electrical energy and provided to the electrolysis device 32. At the same time, part of the water vapor produced by the combustion is sucked into the electrolysis device 32 and electrolyzed into hydrogen (the main gas of the electrolysis product, as well as oxygen and water). The hydrogen after electrolysis rises, is dried, and pressure-regulated, and then enters the combustion chamber 11 from the intake channel together with the air to participate in the combustion process again. In addition, the water vapor that is not absorbed into the electrolysis device 32 will be discharged to the external environment through the exhaust system, wherein the cooling water of the electrolysis device 32 will also return to the end of the exhaust system and be discharged together with the condensed water in the exhaust manifold 12 .

[0015] The cooling system 2 of the hydrogen engine 1 includes but is not limited to a cooling channel 21, a coolant, a radiator, a water pump, and a thermostat. The cooling channel 21 is arranged around the combustion chamber 11. The combustion chamber 11 is the part where the heat is most concentrated. The cooling channel 21 arranged around the combustion chamber 11 absorbs heat through the coolant to prevent the combustion chamber 11 from being damaged due to excessive temperature. Specifically, there is at least one cooling channel 21. The hydrogen engine 1 generally includes a plurality of cylinders. For example, the hydrogen engine includes 2, 3 or 4 cylinders, etc., and a cooling channel 21 is arranged in each cylinder. When the cooling system 2 is working, the coolant is pressurized by the water pump from the radiator and enters the cooling channel 21 in the cylinder to flow through the combustion chamber 11 and around the cylinder wall to take away the heat from the high-temperature area. The heated coolant flows back to the radiator, dissipates heat through the air flow, and circulates again.

[0016] The hydrogen engine system in this embodiment obtains hydrogen by electrolyzing the high-temperature gaseous water generated by the operation of the engine through the electrolysis device 32, and then recycles the obtained hydrogen to the combustion chamber 11 to participate in the combustion process. At the same time, the thermoelectric conversion device 31 uses the heat energy generated by the operation of the engine to obtain electrical energy for electrolyzing water vapor, thereby realizing the power supply within the system, thereby avoiding the consumption of external electrical energy of the system to promote the electrolysis of water. There is no need to consume external energy, and the products and heat after combustion are also utilized, further improving the utilization rate of fuel.

[0017] Thermoelectric conversion device 31 is a device that utilizes the Seebeck effect to convert thermal energy into electrical energy. Its principle is to achieve energy conversion by creating a temperature difference at both ends of the thermoelectric material, that is, converting thermal energy into electrical energy. However, due to different actual application scenarios, the specific implementation method of the thermoelectric conversion device 31 is not unique.

[0018] In some embodiments, in combination Figures 2 to 5 For example, the thermoelectric conversion device 31 includes a heat absorption end 311, which is arranged on the outer wall of the combustion chamber 11 and is used to absorb the heat of the outer wall of the combustion chamber 11; a heat release end 312, which is connected to at least one cooling channel 21 and is used to release the heat transferred from the heat absorption end 311; a thermocouple pair 313, which is arranged between the heat absorption end 311 and the heat release end 312, and is used to generate and output electrical energy according to the temperature difference between the heat absorption end 311 and the heat release end 312.

[0019] Heat absorbing end 311 heat releasing end 312 heat absorbing end 311 combustion chamber 11 heat releasing end 312 cooling channel 21 heat absorbing end 311 heat releasing end 312 heat absorbing end 311 is connected to the outer wall of the combustion chamber 11, and is used to absorb the heat generated by the combustion of hydrogen in the combustion chamber 11, so the temperature of the heat absorbing end 311 is relatively high. The heat releasing end 312 is connected to part of the cooling channels 21 of the cooling system 2, for example, the heat releasing end 312 is in communication with at least one cooling channel 21, allowing the coolant in the cooling channel 21 to release heat through the heat releasing end 312 to reduce the temperature of the heat releasing end 312; or, the heat releasing end 312 is in contact with at least one cooling channel 21, including but not limited to the outer wall of the cooling channel 21 abutting against the heat releasing end 312, transferring heat to the cooling channel 21, and when the coolant passes through the cooling channel 21, it takes away the heat, reducing the temperature of the heat releasing end 312, so it is lower than the temperature of the heat absorbing end 311, and a temperature difference is formed between the heat absorbing end 311 and the heat releasing end 312.

[0020] In this embodiment, the cooling channel 21 of the cooling system 2 includes a water trough 211 arranged around the combustion chamber 11, and the outer wall of each combustion chamber 11 is provided with at least two water troughs 211, including but not limited to two arc-shaped water troughs 211, and there is a gap between adjacent water troughs 211. The heat absorption end 311 of each thermoelectric conversion device 31 is arranged in a water trough 211 and connected to the outer wall of the combustion chamber 11, so that the heat generated by the combustion in the combustion chamber 11 is transferred to the heat absorption end 311, wherein the water trough 211 where the heat absorption end 311 is located is not connected to the cooling system 2, that is, no coolant is passed into it. Specifically, the combustion temperature of hydrogen in the combustion chamber 11 is as high as 3000C°, and the temperature of the inner wall of the cylinder formed by the cylinder block and the cylinder head can also reach about 300C°. Since the heat absorption end 311 is arranged in the water tank 211 that should originally be filled with coolant, the temperature of the inner wall of the cylinder connected to the heat absorption end 311 will rise significantly, while the other water tanks 211 are still filled with coolant. The temperature of the cylinder can be controlled by appropriately adjusting the coolant flow rate or temperature to ensure the normal operation of the engine.

[0021] Furthermore, combined with Figure 4 For example, the cooling channel 21 of the cooling system 2 includes a cooling pipeline 212, and the heat release end 312 is connected to the cooling pipeline 212. The heat generated by the combustion in the combustion chamber 11 passes through the heat absorption end 311, the thermocouple pair 313 and the heat release end 312 in sequence. When the thermoelectric conversion device 31 is working, the coolant passes through the cooling pipeline 212, and the coolant in the cooling pipeline 212 passes through the heat release end 312, taking away the heat transferred to the heat release end 312, thereby forming a temperature difference between the heat absorption end 311 and the heat release end 312.

[0022] The thermocouple pair 313 is a thermoelectric material, which is divided into a P-type thermoelectric material and an N-type thermoelectric material. The P-type thermoelectric material and the N-type thermoelectric material are each connected to a heat releasing end 312. Based on the temperature difference between the heat absorbing end 311 and the heat releasing end 312, the two heat releasing ends 312 have different electric potentials, thereby forming a voltage to provide electrical energy to the outside.

[0023] In some embodiments, in combination Figures 2 to 5For example, the heat absorbing end 311 includes a first heat conducting sheet, which is in the shape of an arc, and the inner side of the arc of the first heat conducting sheet is connected to the outer wall of the combustion chamber 11; the thermocouple pair 313 includes a P-type thermoelectric material module and an N-type thermoelectric material module, and one end of the P-type thermoelectric material module and the N-type thermoelectric material module are respectively connected to the outer side of the arc of the first heat conducting sheet; the heat releasing end 312 includes two second heat conducting sheets, and at least one through hole 314 is provided on the second heat conducting sheet. The two second heat conducting sheets are connected to the other ends of the P-type thermoelectric material module and the N-type thermoelectric material module in a one-to-one correspondence, and the through hole 314 is connected to at least one cooling channel 21 (for example, a cooling pipeline 212). When the thermoelectric conversion device 31 is in working state, the two second heat conducting sheets serve as the positive pole and the negative pole of the power supply to output electric energy respectively.

[0024] The heat absorbing end 311 and the heat releasing end 312 are both made of heat conducting materials for transferring heat. For example, the heat absorbing end 311 and the heat releasing end 312 are both copper heat conducting sheets. In this embodiment, the shape and structure of the first heat conducting sheet as the heat absorbing end 311 and the second heat conducting sheet as the heat releasing end 312 are different. Specifically, the shape of the first heat conducting sheet is an arc shape, which is tightly connected to the outer wall of the combustion chamber 11 to absorb heat. For example, the first heat conducting sheet is constructed in the shape of a tile, and the tile-shaped first heat conducting sheet is fixed in the existing water tank 211 of the cylinder part, and the surface is coated with high-temperature resistant insulating heat conducting glue. The second heat conducting sheet is preferably two copper plates, each of which is provided with a plurality of through holes 314 penetrating the two ends of the copper plate, and the two ends of the through hole 314 are connected to the cooling pipeline 212 as the cooling channel 21, so that the coolant in the cooling channel 21 flows through the second heat conducting sheet. In the thermoelectric conversion device 31, the P-type thermoelectric material module and the N-type thermoelectric material module as the thermocouple pair 313 are wrapped with heat-insulating materials, one end of the P-type thermoelectric material module and the N-type thermoelectric material module is connected to the heat-absorbing end 311, and the other end of the P-type thermoelectric material module and the N-type thermoelectric material module is connected to two second heat-conducting plates. Since the surface of the second heat-conducting plate is arranged in the engine, the surface insulation is also required, and only two places are left for connecting the positive and negative wires. It should be noted that in actual applications, the engine coolant is not pure water and will conduct electricity. The inner walls of the through holes 314 of the two copper plates as the heat-releasing end 312 need to be treated with oxidation insulation, for example, an insulating layer is provided on the inner walls of the through holes 314.

[0025] The P-type thermoelectric material module and the N-type thermoelectric material module are both thermoelectric materials, but their thermoelectric figures of merit (also called ZT values, where Z represents the thermoelectric coefficient of the material and T represents the thermodynamic temperature) are different, resulting in different electric potentials at the two heat release ends 312 connected to the P-type thermoelectric material module and the N-type thermoelectric material module, thereby forming a voltage between the two heat release ends 312. When the thermoelectric conversion device 31 is working, the heat absorbing end 311 receives the heat generated by the combustion of hydrogen in the combustion chamber 11, and the heat releasing end 312 is connected to the coolant of the cooling system 2, and the coolant takes away the heat transferred from the heat absorbing end 311. This process causes the entire thermoelectric conversion device 31 to generate two temperature fields. The thermoelectric figures of merit (also called ZT values, where Z represents the thermoelectric coefficient of the material and T represents the thermodynamic temperature) of the P and N pole materials are different, resulting in different electric potentials of the two heat releasing ends 312 connected to the P-type thermoelectric material module and the N-type thermoelectric material module, thereby forming a voltage between the two heat releasing ends 312, which serves as a power source to provide electrical energy for the electrolysis device 32.

[0026] In view of the fact that the water tank 211 of the existing cooling channel 21 of the hydrogen engine 1 and the engine combustion chamber 11 are cylindrical, this embodiment provides a heat-absorbing end 311 structure of an arc-shaped first heat conduction plate, and embeds the first heat conduction plate into the existing water tank 211 serving as the cooling channel 21. This not only reduces the system layout space, but also reduces the difficulty and cost of engine modification, so that the exhaust gas circulation system 3 can be compatible with almost all hydrogen engines on the market, thereby improving the compatibility of the entire system.

[0027] In some embodiments, in combination Figure 4 For example, the number of the cylinders is at least one, and each cylinder is provided with a thermoelectric conversion device 31, and the thermoelectric conversion devices 31 on the cylinders are connected in series to form a power source for outputting electrical energy.

[0028] The thermoelectric conversion device 31 is used as a power supply unit for outputting electric energy, and is used to be connected to the outer wall of the combustion chamber 11. At least one thermoelectric conversion device 31 is arranged on the outer wall of each combustion chamber 11, and the hydrogen engine 1 includes multiple combustion chambers 11, and the thermoelectric conversion devices 31 on different combustion chambers 11 are connected in series. In this embodiment, the hydrogen engine 1 includes four combustion chambers 11, and a thermoelectric conversion device 31 is arranged on the outer wall of a layer of the cylinder body where each combustion chamber 11 is located, and each thermoelectric conversion device 31 is connected in series to form a power supply. In addition, one of the cooling channels 21 of the cooling system 2 is constructed as a cooling pipeline 212, and the through holes 314 on the heat release end 312 of each thermoelectric conversion device 31 are connected in parallel to the cooling pipeline 212, that is, the two ends of the through holes 314 on the heat release end 312 of each thermoelectric conversion device 31 are respectively connected to the cooling pipeline 212, so that the coolant enters from one end of each through hole 314, and then flows out from the other end of each through hole 314 to take away the heat transferred to the heat release end 312.

[0029] This embodiment realizes the necessary conditions for thermoelectric conversion through the ultra-high temperature generated by the combustion of hydrogen in the combustion chamber 11 of the hydrogen engine 1 and the cooling system 2 of the hydrogen engine 1, and adopts a multi-cylinder arrangement and multiple thermoelectric conversion devices 31 in series to increase the voltage of the power supply for the electrolysis device 32, making full use of the waste heat generated by the operation of the hydrogen engine 1, without the need for external power supply, and having the beneficial effect of saving energy.

[0030] In practice, the electrolysis device 32 is used to electrolyze the exhaust gas generated by the operation of the hydrogen engine 1, that is, high-temperature water vapor. The working principle of the electrolysis device 32 is a prior art, but in a specific application scenario, how to arrange the installation position of the electrolysis device 32 and adjust the structure of the electrolysis device 32 are not prior art, and require creative work of technicians. In this embodiment, combined with Figures 6 to 11 The electrolysis device 32 can be selected as a proton type electrolysis chamber or an ion type electrolysis chamber.

[0031] In some embodiments, in combination Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 For example, the hydrogen engine system includes an exhaust manifold 12 for discharging water vapor generated by the combustion of hydrogen in the combustion chamber 11; the electrolysis device 32 includes an electric proton type electrolysis chamber, which is arranged above the outlet of the exhaust manifold 12, and the electric proton type electrolysis chamber includes an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, two air inlets and two exhaust ports, the anode and the cathode are fixedly connected to both sides of the electrolyte, and the anode and the cathode are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply that outputs electrical energy from the thermoelectric conversion device 31, two air inlets are arranged at the bottom of the electric proton type electrolysis chamber, one of which is located on the anode side and is connected to the exhaust manifold 12, two exhaust ports are arranged at the top of the electric proton type electrolysis chamber, one of which is located on the cathode side and is connected to the combustion chamber 11, and when the electric proton type electrolysis chamber is working, the exhaust port located on the cathode side outputs hydrogen.

[0032] The water vapor generated after the combustion of hydrogen in the combustion chamber 11 will be discharged to the external environment through the exhaust system, and the cooling water flowing out of the electrolysis device 32 will also return to the end of the exhaust system and be discharged together with the condensed water in the exhaust manifold 12. In this embodiment, the exhaust manifold 12 is used to transport the high-temperature water vapor generated after the combustion of hydrogen in the combustion chamber 11 to the electrolysis device 32 for electrolysis to generate hydrogen.

[0033] The electrolyte in the proton type electrolysis chamber can be selected as a proton exchange membrane, for example, the proton exchange membrane is made of a fluorinated polymer. The anode and the cathode are connected to both sides of the electrolyte and are arranged together in the middle position of the proton type electrolysis chamber. The anode and the cathode are made of precious metals or ceramic materials. The anode is in contact with water vapor, and the cathode is in contact with hydrogen ions. The anode is connected to the positive pole of the power supply for outputting electric energy from the thermoelectric conversion device 31, and the cathode is connected to the negative pole of the power supply for outputting electric energy from the thermoelectric conversion device 31. Specifically, two air inlets are provided on both sides of the bottom of the proton type electrolysis chamber, one of which is close to the anode side and connected to the exhaust manifold 12, so that the exhaust gas (high-temperature water vapor) generated by combustion enters the proton type electrolysis chamber, and the other air inlet is close to the cathode side for air. Two exhaust ports are provided on both sides of the top of the proton type electrolysis chamber, one of which is close to the anode side for discharging oxygen, and the other exhaust port is close to the cathode side for discharging hydrogen.

[0034] The working principle of the proton type electrolysis chamber is as follows: the anode is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, the cathode is connected to the negative pole of the power supply, water vapor and air enter from the bottom of the proton type electrolysis chamber on the anode side and the cathode side respectively, water molecules are electrolyzed on the anode to produce oxygen (O2) and electrons, the oxygen produced by the anode and the unreacted water vapor are discharged from an exhaust port at the top, and the electrons are transferred to the cathode through the external circuit and combined with hydrogen ions (H + ) generates hydrogen (H2), and the hydrogen generated by the cathode is discharged from another exhaust port on the top to the engine combustion chamber 11 together with the air.

[0035] In some embodiments, in combination Fig. 9 , Fig.10 and Fig.11 For example, the hydrogen engine system includes an exhaust manifold 12 for discharging water vapor generated by the combustion of hydrogen in the combustion chamber 11; the electrolysis device 32 includes an ion-type electrolysis chamber and a condensed water collection device 33, the ion-type electrolysis chamber includes an electrolyte, an anode, a cathode, an air inlet and two exhaust ports, the electrolyte is arranged in the middle position of the ion-type electrolysis chamber, the anode and the cathode are arranged on both sides of the inner wall of the ion-type electrolysis chamber, and are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply for outputting electric energy of the thermoelectric conversion device 31, the air inlet is arranged at a position near the cathode side of the top of the ion-type electrolysis chamber and penetrates into the bottom of the ion-type electrolysis chamber through the tube body, the air inlet is connected to the exhaust manifold 12, and two exhaust ports are arranged at the top of the ion-type electrolysis chamber, one of the exhaust ports is located on the cathode side and connected to the condensed water collection device 33, and the other exhaust port is located on the anode side. When the ion-type electrolysis chamber is working, the exhaust port located on the cathode side outputs hydrogen and part of the water vapor.

[0036] The electrolyte in the ionic electrolysis chamber can be a liquid hydroxide solution or a solid oxide. In the case where the electrolyte can be a liquid hydroxide solution, the electrolyte in the ionic electrolysis chamber can be a sodium hydroxide solution or a potassium hydroxide solution. In the case where the electrolyte can be a solid oxide, the electrolyte in the ionic electrolysis chamber can be zirconium oxide.

[0037] The working principle of the ion type electrolysis chamber is as follows: conductive copper plates are installed on the left and right inner walls of the electrolysis chamber as anodes and cathodes, the electrolyte in the middle isolates the cathodes and anodes, the anodes and cathodes are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the power source for outputting electric energy from the thermoelectric conversion device 31, the high temperature water vapor output by the exhaust manifold 12 is introduced from the top of the cathode on the right side of the ion type electrolysis chamber and discharged from the bottom, the water molecules (H2O) are oxidized on the anode to generate oxygen (O2), electrons (e - ) and hydrogen ions (H + ), the hydrogen ions (H + ) migrate from the anode to the cathode through the electrolyte, and hydrogen ions (H + ) combines with electrons conducted through an external circuit to generate hydrogen (H2). The hydrogen produced by the electrolysis reaction forms a mixed gas with part of the water vapor and rises, and then flows out from the exhaust port at the top close to the cathode side (the exhaust port is at negative pressure, which is conducive to gas discharge) to the condensate collection device 33. Under the buffering effect of the condensate collection device 33, part of the water vapor will gather downward at the bottom of the condensate collection device 33 due to gravity after cooling. When the liquid level exceeds the preset highest position, excess water will be discharged from the condensate collection device 33. The remaining liquid in the condensate collection device 33 can also prevent gas leakage. In addition, the oxygen produced by the anode is discharged from another exhaust port at the top. Optionally, the oxygen can be output to the combustion chamber 11 to participate in combustion.

[0038] Furthermore, the condensed water collection device 33 includes a water storage container and a drain pipe 331. An air inlet and an exhaust port are sequentially arranged on both sides of the top of the water storage container. The air inlet on the water storage container is connected to the exhaust port for discharging hydrogen and water vapor from the ion-type electrolysis chamber. The exhaust port on the water storage container is connected to the combustion chamber 11. A drain port 332 is arranged at the bottom of the water storage container. The drain pipe 331 is arranged outside the water storage container, and one end of the drain pipe 331 is connected to the drain port 332, and the other end of the drain pipe 331 is flush with the highest preset liquid level position of the water storage container.

[0039] After the mixed gas enters the water storage container, the condensed water collection device 33 can cool and separate part of the unreacted water vapor, reducing the burden on the rear-end drying mechanism; in addition, the drain pipe 331 is connected to the drain port 332 at the bottom of the water storage container to form a connecting device structure. When the liquid collected in the water storage container reaches the highest preset liquid level position, the liquid will be discharged from the drain pipe 331. In this way, drainage is achieved while also achieving liquid sealing of hydrogen, thereby improving safety and system reliability.

[0040] It should be noted that since both the ion-type electrolysis chamber and the proton-type electrolysis chamber include an electrolyte, an anode, a cathode, an air inlet and an exhaust port, their working principles are similar, but their positional relationships and structures are slightly different. For the convenience of description and distinction, the electrolyte, anode, cathode, air inlet and exhaust port in the proton-type electrolysis chamber can be described as "first electrolyte", "first anode", "first cathode", "first air inlet" and "first exhaust port, wherein the proton-type electrolysis chamber includes two first air inlets and two first exhaust ports. Similarly, the electrolyte, anode, cathode, air inlet and exhaust port in the ion-type electrolysis chamber are described as "second electrolyte", "second anode", "second cathode", "second air inlet" and "second exhaust port, wherein the ion-type electrolysis chamber includes a second air inlet and two second exhaust ports. In addition, for further distinction, the air inlet and exhaust port of the water storage container in the condensate collection device 33 can also be described as "third air inlet" and "third exhaust port".

[0041] The above-mentioned embodiment provides different structural arrangements for two different electrolysis devices 32, thereby improving the applicability of the system. The new hydrogen generated by the system is output to the air inlet of the combustion chamber 11 through the electrolysis device 32, rather than being reintroduced into the hydrogen injection system, thereby making full use of the waste steam generated by combustion, improving the economy of the engine system, and achieving the purpose of further saving energy.

[0042] In some embodiments, in combination Figures 2 to 11 For example, an exhaust gas circulation system 3 is also provided, including a thermoelectric conversion device 31 and an electrolysis device 32. The thermoelectric conversion device 31 is arranged between the outer wall of the combustion chamber 11 of the hydrogen engine 1 and at least one cooling channel 21 of the cooling system 2, and is used to convert the heat generated by the combustion of hydrogen in the combustion chamber 11 and conducted to the outer wall into electrical energy for output; the electrolysis device 32 is electrically connected to the thermoelectric conversion device 31, and is used to convert water vapor generated by the combustion of hydrogen into hydrogen according to the electrical energy output by the thermoelectric conversion device 31, and output the converted hydrogen to the combustion chamber 11 to participate in combustion.

[0043] Thermoelectric conversion device 31 electrolysis device 32 thermoelectric conversion device 31 cooling channel 21 combustion chamber 11 electrolysis device 32 thermoelectric conversion device 31 thermoelectric conversion device 31 combustion chamber 11 In actual applications, the exhaust gas circulation system 3 can be applied to various hydrogen engine systems to make full use of the exhaust gas and waste heat generated by the hydrogen engine. The high-temperature gaseous water generated by the operation of the engine is electrolyzed by the electrolysis device 32 to obtain hydrogen, and then the obtained hydrogen is recycled to the combustion chamber 11 to participate in the combustion process. At the same time, the thermoelectric conversion device 31 uses the heat energy generated by the engine to obtain electrical energy for electrolyzing water vapor, thereby realizing the power supply within the system, thereby avoiding the consumption of external electrical energy of the system to promote the electrolysis of water. There is no need to consume external energy, and the products and heat after combustion are also utilized, further improving the utilization rate of fuel.

[0044] It should be noted that, since the thermoelectric conversion device 31 and the electrolysis device 32 have been described in detail in the above-mentioned embodiment of the hydrogen engine system, they will not be described in detail again.

[0045] In some embodiments, in combination Figures 1 to 11 In particular, an automobile is provided, which includes the hydrogen engine system provided in any of the above embodiments.

[0046] This embodiment fully utilizes the waste gas and waste heat generated by the hydrogen engine by applying a hydrogen engine system in the automobile, converts the waste heat into electrical energy and provides it to the electrolysis device 32. The electrolysis device 32 electrolyzes the waste gas (high-temperature water vapor) to generate new hydrogen, and outputs the new hydrogen to the combustion chamber 11 to participate in combustion, so as to further save energy.

[0047] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A hydrogen engine system, characterized in that: include: a combustion chamber, including a cylinder block; A cooling system, including cooling channels; An exhaust steam circulation system including a thermoelectric converter and an electrolysis device; The thermoelectric conversion device is arranged between the outer wall of the cylinder and at least one cooling channel, and is used to convert the heat generated by the combustion of hydrogen in the combustion chamber and conducted to the outer wall of the cylinder into electrical energy for output; The electrolysis device is electrically connected to the thermoelectric conversion device, and is used to convert water vapor generated by the combustion of hydrogen into hydrogen according to the electric energy output by the thermoelectric conversion device, and output the converted hydrogen to the combustion chamber to participate in combustion.

2. The hydrogen engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermoelectric conversion device comprises: A heat absorbing end is arranged on the outer wall of the combustion chamber and is used to absorb the heat of the outer wall of the combustion chamber; A heat releasing end, connected to at least one cooling channel, for releasing heat transferred from the heat absorbing end; The thermocouple pair is arranged between the heat absorbing end and the heat releasing end, and is used to generate and output electrical energy according to the temperature difference between the heat absorbing end and the heat releasing end.

3. The hydrogen engine system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling channel includes water grooves arranged around the combustion chamber, and the outer wall of each combustion chamber is provided with at least two water grooves. The heat absorption end of each thermoelectric conversion device is arranged in one of the water grooves and connected to the outer wall of the combustion chamber, wherein the water groove where the heat absorption end is located is not connected to the cooling system.

4. The hydrogen engine system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cooling channel comprises a cooling pipeline, the heat release end is connected to the cooling pipeline, and when the thermoelectric conversion device is working, the coolant in the cooling pipeline passes through the heat release end.

5. The hydrogen engine system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat absorbing end comprises a first heat conducting sheet, the first heat conducting sheet is in an arc shape, and the inner side of the arc of the first heat conducting sheet is connected to the outer wall of the combustion chamber; The thermocouple pair includes a P-type thermoelectric material module and an N-type thermoelectric material module, and one end of the P-type thermoelectric material module and the N-type thermoelectric material module are respectively connected to the outer side of the arc of the first heat conduction sheet; The heat release end includes two second heat conduction plates, each of which is provided with at least one through hole. The two second heat conduction plates are connected to the other ends of the P-type thermoelectric material module and the N-type thermoelectric material module in a one-to-one correspondence, and the through holes are connected to the cooling pipeline. When the thermoelectric conversion device is in working state, the two second heat conduction plates serve as the positive pole and the negative pole of the power supply to output electrical energy respectively.

6. The hydrogen engine system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The hydrogen engine system includes an exhaust manifold for exhausting water vapor generated by the combustion of hydrogen in the combustion chamber; The electrolysis device includes an electric proton type electrolysis chamber, which is arranged above the outlet of the exhaust manifold, and includes an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, two air inlets and two exhaust ports. The anode and the cathode are fixedly connected to the two sides of the electrolyte, and the anode and the cathode are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of a power supply for outputting electrical energy of a thermoelectric conversion device. Two air inlets are arranged at the bottom of the electric proton type electrolysis chamber, one of which is located on the anode side and connected to the exhaust manifold, and two exhaust ports are arranged at the top of the electric proton type electrolysis chamber, one of which is located on the cathode side and connected to the combustion chamber. When the electric proton type electrolysis chamber is working, the exhaust port located on the cathode side outputs hydrogen.

7. The hydrogen engine system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The hydrogen engine system includes an exhaust manifold for exhausting water vapor generated by the combustion of hydrogen in the combustion chamber; The electrolysis device includes an ion-type electrolysis chamber and a condensed water collection device. The ion-type electrolysis chamber includes an electrolyte, an anode, a cathode, an air inlet and two exhaust ports. The electrolyte is arranged in the middle position of the ion-type electrolysis chamber. The anode and the cathode are arranged on both sides of the inner wall of the ion-type electrolysis chamber and are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of a power supply for outputting electric energy of a thermoelectric conversion device. The air inlet is arranged at a position close to the cathode side of the top of the ion-type electrolysis chamber and penetrates into the bottom of the ion-type electrolysis chamber through a tube body. The air inlet is connected to an exhaust manifold. Two exhaust ports are arranged at the top of the ion-type electrolysis chamber, one of the exhaust ports is located on the cathode side and connected to the condensed water collection device, and the other exhaust port is located on the anode side. When the ion-type electrolysis chamber is working, the exhaust port located on the cathode side outputs hydrogen and part of water vapor.

8. The hydrogen engine system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The condensed water collecting device includes a water storage container and a drain pipe. An air inlet and an exhaust port are sequentially arranged on both sides of the top of the water storage container. The air inlet on the water storage container is connected to an exhaust port for discharging hydrogen and water vapor from an ion-type electrolysis chamber. The exhaust port on the water storage container is connected to a combustion chamber. A drain port is arranged at the bottom of the water storage container. The drain pipe is arranged outside the water storage container, and one end of the drain pipe is connected to the drain port, while the other end of the drain pipe is flush with the highest preset liquid level position of the water storage container.

9. An exhaust steam circulation system, characterized in that: include: A thermoelectric conversion device is disposed between the outer wall of the combustion chamber of the hydrogen engine and at least one cooling channel of the cooling system, and is used to convert the heat generated by the combustion of hydrogen in the combustion chamber and conducted to the outer wall into electrical energy for output; The electrolysis device is electrically connected to the thermoelectric conversion device, and is used to convert the water vapor generated by the combustion of the hydrogen into hydrogen according to the electric energy output by the thermoelectric conversion device, and output the converted hydrogen to the combustion chamber to participate in the combustion.

10. An automobile, characterized in that: A hydrogen engine system comprising the hydrogen engine system according to any one of claims 1-8.

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