A kiln with a waste heat utilization structure and its usage method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of kilns, and particularly relates to a kiln with a waste heat utilization structure. The kiln includes a furnace body; the waste heat utilization structure includes: a heat storage body, a cracking device, a waste heat power generation unit, a spraying device, and a condenser; the heat storage body includes a heat absorption channel and a heat release channel; the cracking device is provided with a nickel-based catalyst; the spraying device is provided with a liquid pump, a spraying chamber, and a solution tank. The spraying chamber is communicated with the solution tank through the liquid pump. The solution tank contains NaOH solution, and the waste heat of the waste heat power generation unit heats the solution tank; the condenser includes a liquid collecting pipe; through the heat storage body, the present invention can recover the sensible heat of the high-temperature tail gas discharged from the furnace body to achieve primary utilization; through the nickel-based catalyst, the tar is decomposed to improve the subsequent combustion effect and blockage to achieve secondary utilization; through the waste heat power generation unit, the waste heat is used for power generation and the solution tank is heated to achieve tertiary utilization and quaternary utilization; through the condenser, wood vinegar solution is obtained by condensation to avoid environmental pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of kilns, and particularly relates to a kiln with a waste heat utilization structure and a usage method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Machine-made charcoal, as the name implies, is charcoal made by machines, also known as artificial charcoal, recycled charcoal, smokeless clean charcoal, which is a carbonaceous rod-shaped material extruded from wood chips. The raw materials of rod charcoal are widely sourced, and sawdust, wood shavings, and bamboo chips are the best. The processed carbonaceous rod-shaped material is then carbonized in a kiln to form machine-made charcoal. However, due to the wide source of rod charcoal raw materials, and the high temperature of the tail gas and the presence of many combustible gases, such as carbon monoxide, methane, and hydrogen; therefore, in the prior art, these combustible gases and heat are recovered and used. However, since the gases generated after heating sawdust, wood shavings, bamboo chips, etc. contain tar, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide; during the recovery process, tar is likely to clog the recovery pipeline, and carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide are likely to corrode the recovery pipeline; especially when bamboo chips are the main raw material of rod charcoal, wood vinegar liquid will be generated after the tail gas is finally cooled. Wood vinegar liquid is a liquid containing harmful components such as organic acids and volatile acids, and has characteristics such as corrosiveness, flammability, and toxicity. Its pH value is between 2.0 and 3.0, belonging to strong acidity. If directly discharged, it will pollute the environment. Therefore, a kiln with a waste heat utilization structure and a usage method that can treat tar, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and wood acetic acid are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to provide a kiln with a waste heat utilization structure and a usage method that can treat tar, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and wood acetic acid.

[0004] To solve the above technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A kiln with a waste heat utilization structure, the kiln includes a furnace body; the waste heat utilization structure includes: a heat storage body, a cracking device, a waste heat power generation unit, a spraying device, a condenser, and an electric control system;

[0006] The electric control system is electrically connected to the waste heat power generation unit, and the electric control system controls and supplies power to each device of the kiln with a waste heat utilization structure;

[0007] The heat storage body includes a heat absorption channel and a heat release channel;

[0008] The waste heat power generation unit includes a first heat exchange pipeline, a second heat exchange pipeline, and a heat energy power generation device, and the first heat exchange pipeline and the second heat exchange pipeline respectively form heat exchange with the heat energy power generation device;

[0009] The cracking device is provided with a nickel-based catalyst;

[0010] The spray device is internally provided with a liquid pump, a spray chamber and a solution tank. The spray chamber is communicated with the solution tank through the liquid pump. The solution tank is internally provided with a NaOH solution. The second heat exchange pipeline extends and surrounds the outer periphery of the solution tank;

[0011] The furnace body includes a tail gas port, an air inlet and a combustion chamber; the tail gas port is sequentially communicated with an endothermic channel, a cracking device, a first heat exchange pipeline, a spray device and a condenser; the air inlet is communicated with an exothermic channel; a water tank is further arranged inside the furnace body, and there is water in the water tank;

[0012] The condenser includes a liquid collecting pipe and a gas pipeline; the gas pipeline is communicated with the combustion chamber.

[0013] Preferably, the waste heat utilization structure further includes a rectification device;

[0014] The rectification device includes a rectification pipe and an open heating port arranged at the bottom of the rectification pipe. The rectification pipe is communicated with the liquid collecting pipe, and the open heating port is communicated with the second heat exchange pipeline.

[0015] Preferably, a heating sleeve is sleeved on the outer periphery of the liquid collecting pipe, and the tail gas with a temperature less than or equal to 200 °C discharged from the spray device enters the condenser after passing through the heating sleeve.

[0016] Preferably, the waste heat utilization structure further includes an activated carbon adsorption device; the activated carbon adsorption device is arranged on the gas pipeline.

[0017] Preferably, the waste heat utilization structure further includes a drying device; the drying device is arranged on the gas pipeline between the activated carbon adsorption device and the combustion chamber.

[0018] Preferably, both ends of the second heat exchange pipeline are communicated with the outside. One end is an air inlet end, and the other end is an air outlet end. A first fan is arranged on the air inlet end.

[0019] Preferably, the thermal energy power generation device is a thermoelectric generator.

[0020] Preferably, the heat storage body is a ceramic heat storage body.

[0021] Preferably, the combustion chamber includes a gas inlet, an air inlet and a controller. A gas detection meter is arranged on the gas inlet. The gas inlet is communicated with the gas pipeline through the gas detection meter. A second fan is arranged on the air inlet;

[0022] The controller controls the operation of the second fan after obtaining the gas type and flow rate in the gas pipeline according to the gas detection meter and calculating the required air mixing ratio.

[0023] To solve the above technical problems, another technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0024] A method for using a kiln with the above waste heat utilization structure, comprising: when the kiln with the waste heat utilization structure is working, start the furnace body for heating. The evaporation rate of water in the water tank is faster than that of tar gas and pyroligneous acid gas. The faster-evaporating water vapor preheats the waste heat utilization structure to prevent the tar gas and pyroligneous acid gas from directly cooling and condensing without treatment; the temperature of the tail gas discharged from the tail gas outlet is 650°C - 800°C. The temperature of the tail gas drops to 600°C - 650°C after passing through the heat absorption channel, and the heat release channel heats the gas entering the air inlet; the tail gas at 600°C - 650°C decomposes the tar through a nickel-based catalyst while maintaining the temperature of the nickel-based catalyst; after passing through the cracking device, the temperature of the tail gas drops to 300°C - 500°C. The tail gas at 300°C - 500°C exchanges heat with a thermal power generation device through a first heat exchange pipeline for power generation; the second heat exchange pipeline dissipates heat from the thermal power generation device, and the temperature of the tail gas discharged from the second heat exchange pipeline is 80°C - 100°C to heat the NaOH solution; the NaOH solution is pumped by a liquid pump and then sprayed through a spray chamber to react with the tail gas discharged from the first heat exchange pipeline to absorb carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the tail gas, and then the temperature of the tail gas drops to less than or equal to 200°C. The tail gas at 200°C enters a condenser to obtain pyroligneous acid, and then the pyroligneous acid is collected in a liquid collecting pipe. At the same time, the tail gas finally discharged from the condenser is sent into the combustion chamber through a gas pipeline.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Through the heat storage body, the sensible heat of the high-temperature tail gas discharged from the furnace body at 650°C - 800°C can be recovered, and then the sensible heat is used to heat the air entering the furnace body to achieve the first-stage utilization of waste heat; the tail gas at 600°C - 650°C decomposes tar through a nickel-based catalyst while maintaining the temperature of the nickel-based catalyst. The nickel-based catalyst can catalyze the decomposition of tar above 500°C, so that most of the tar is decomposed into methane and hydrogen, improving the subsequent combustion effect and avoiding tar blockage of the channel, and also realizing the second-stage utilization of waste heat; the waste heat is generated by a waste heat power generation unit for power generation, achieving the third-level utilization, and the second heat exchange pipe can conduct the fourth-level utilization of waste heat to preheat the NaOH solution. The preheated NaOH solution reacts with carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide to generate sodium carbonate solution and sodium sulfate solution, both of which are industrial alkalis. While absorbing acidic gases, the products can be sold as by-products to increase revenue; through condensation by a condenser, wood vinegar solution is obtained and the wood vinegar solution is collected, which can be sold as a by-product, increasing revenue and avoiding environmental pollution; through the combustion of the final tail gas, since most of the tar is decomposed into methane and hydrogen, compared with traditional direct recovery, the combustion effect can be further improved, thereby reducing costs; the kiln furnace with a waste heat utilization structure of the present application reasonably arranges each reaction, thereby reasonably utilizing the waste heat temperature gradient, ensuring the orderly utilization of waste heat, avoiding waste, realizing multi-level waste heat utilization, and at the same time being able to recycle various substances generated by carbonization, avoiding pollution or blockage, achieving zero power supply, generating its own electricity to meet the requirements, reducing fuel and electricity costs, and at the same time increasing by-products to improve the economic effect, killing multiple birds with one stone. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a kiln furnace with a waste heat utilization structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Label description: 1. Furnace body; 11. Tail gas port; 12. Air inlet; 13. Combustion chamber; 131. Gas inlet; 132. Air inlet; 133. Second fan; 14. Water tank; 2. Waste heat utilization structure; 21. Heat storage body; 22. Pyrolysis device; 23. Waste heat power generation unit; 231. First heat exchange pipe; 232. Second heat exchange pipe; 233. Thermal power generation device; 234. First fan; 24. Spraying device; 241. Liquid pump; 242. Spraying chamber; 243. Solution tank; 25. Condenser; 251. Liquid collecting pipe; 252. Gas pipeline; 253. Heating jacket; 26. Rectifying device; 261. Rectifying pipe; 262. Open heating port; 27. Activated carbon adsorption device; 28. Drying device. SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

[0028] To describe the technical content, achieved objectives and effects of the present invention in detail, the following is described in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 1 , a kiln with a waste heat utilization structure, the kiln comprising a furnace body 1; the waste heat utilization structure 2 comprises: a heat storage body 21, a cracking device 22, a waste heat power generation unit 23, a spraying device 24, a condenser 25 and an electric control system;

[0030] The electric control system is electrically connected to the waste heat power generation unit 23, and the electric control system controls and supplies power to each device of the kiln with the waste heat utilization structure 2;

[0031] The heat storage body 21 comprises a heat absorption channel and a heat release channel;

[0032] The waste heat power generation unit 23 comprises a first heat exchange pipeline 231, a second heat exchange pipeline 232, and a heat energy power generation device 233. The first heat exchange pipeline 231 and the second heat exchange pipeline 232 respectively form heat exchange with the heat energy power generation device 233;

[0033] The cracking device 22 is provided with a nickel-based catalyst;

[0034] The spraying device 24 is provided with a liquid pump 241, a spraying chamber 242 and a solution tank 243. The spraying chamber 242 is communicated with the solution tank 243 through the liquid pump 241. The solution tank 243 contains a NaOH solution, and the second heat exchange pipeline 232 extends and surrounds the outer periphery of the solution tank 243;

[0035] The furnace body 1 comprises a tail gas port 11, an air inlet 12 and a combustion chamber 13; the tail gas port 11 is sequentially communicated with the heat absorption channel, the cracking device 22, the first heat exchange pipeline 231, the spraying device 24 and the condenser 25; the air inlet 12 is communicated with the heat release channel;

[0036] The condenser 25 comprises a liquid collecting pipe 251 and a gas pipeline 252; the gas pipeline 252 is communicated with the combustion chamber 13;

[0037] When the kiln with the waste heat utilization structure 2 operates, the temperature of the tail gas discharged from the tail gas port 11 is 650°C - 800°C. The temperature of the tail gas drops to 600°C - 650°C after passing through the heat absorption channel, and the heat release channel heats the gas entering the air inlet 12; the 600°C - 650°C tail gas decomposes tar through a nickel-based catalyst while maintaining the temperature of the nickel-based catalyst; after passing through the cracking device 22, the temperature of the tail gas drops to 300°C - 500°C, and the 300°C - 500°C tail gas exchanges heat with the thermal energy power generation device 233 through the first heat exchange pipeline 231 for power generation; the second heat exchange pipeline 232 dissipates heat from the thermal energy power generation device 233, and the temperature of the tail gas discharged from the second heat exchange pipeline 232 is 80°C - 100°C to heat the NaOH solution; the NaOH solution is pumped by the liquid pump 241 and then sprayed through the spray chamber 242 to react with the tail gas discharged from the first heat exchange pipeline 231 to absorb carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the tail gas, and then the temperature of the tail gas drops to less than or equal to 200°C. The 200°C tail gas enters the condenser 25 to obtain wood vinegar liquid, and the wood vinegar liquid is collected in the liquid collecting pipe 251. At the same time, the tail gas finally discharged from the condenser 25 is sent into the combustion chamber 13 through the gas pipeline 252.

[0038] As can be seen from the above description, through the regenerator 21, the sensible heat of the 650°C - 800°C high-temperature tail gas discharged from the furnace body 1 can be recovered, and then the sensible heat is used to heat the air entering the furnace body 1 to achieve the first-stage utilization of waste heat; the 600°C - 650°C tail gas decomposes tar through a nickel-based catalyst while maintaining the temperature of the nickel-based catalyst. The nickel-based catalyst can catalyze the decomposition of tar above 500°C, so that most of the tar is decomposed into methane and hydrogen, improving the subsequent combustion effect and avoiding tar blockage of the channel, which also realizes the second-stage utilization of waste heat; the waste heat is generated by the waste heat generating unit 23 for power generation, achieving the third-level utilization. Moreover, the second heat exchange pipeline 232 can perform the fourth-level utilization of waste heat to preheat the NaOH solution. The preheated NaOH solution reacts with carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide to generate sodium carbonate solution and sodium sulfate solution, both of which are industrial alkalis. While absorbing acidic gases, the products can be sold as by-products to increase revenue; the wood acetic acid solution is obtained by condensing through the condenser 25, and the wood acetic acid solution is collected, which can be sold as a by-product, increasing revenue while avoiding environmental pollution; the final tail gas is burned. Since most of the tar is decomposed into methane and hydrogen, compared with the traditional direct recovery, the combustion effect can be further improved, thereby reducing costs; for the kiln with the waste heat utilization structure 2 of the present application, by reasonably arranging each reaction, the waste heat temperature gradient is reasonably utilized to ensure the orderly utilization of waste heat, avoid waste, realize multi-stage waste heat utilization, and at the same time, various substances generated by carbonization can be recycled, avoiding pollution or blockage and achieving zero power supply. Self-generation can meet the requirements, reducing fuel and power costs and increasing by-products at the same time to improve the economic effect.

[0039] Furthermore, the waste heat utilization structure 2 further includes a rectification device 26;

[0040] The rectification device 26 includes a rectification pipe 261 and an open heating port 262 provided at the bottom of the rectification pipe 261. The rectification pipe 261 is communicated with the liquid collecting pipe 251, and the open heating port 262 is communicated with the second heat exchange pipe 232.

[0041] As can be seen from the above description, through the rectification device 26, the wood vinegar solution can be rectified to obtain light components (methanol, acetone), which can be condensated and recycled for use as a solvent; the middle section (acetic acid concentration > 30%): can be used as a raw material for acetate; the heavy components (phenols): can be processed into wood preservatives; the open heating port 262 is communicated with the second heat exchange pipe 232 to realize the fifth-level utilization of waste heat. Through the open heating port 262, it can ensure that the hot gas coming in from the second heat exchange pipe 232 can be smoothly discharged after heating.

[0042] Furthermore, a heating sleeve 253 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the liquid collecting pipe 251, and the tail gas with a temperature less than or equal to 200 °C discharged from the spraying device 24 enters the condenser 25 after passing through the heating sleeve 253.

[0043] As can be seen from the above description, through the heating sleeve 253, the tail gas with a temperature less than or equal to 200 °C can be used to heat the wood vinegar solution, facilitating subsequent rectification.

[0044] Furthermore, the waste heat utilization structure 2 further includes an activated carbon adsorption device 27; the activated carbon adsorption device 27 is arranged on the gas pipeline 252.

[0045] As can be seen from the above description, through the activated carbon adsorption device 27, the remaining volatile organic compounds and part of the tar that cannot be cracked can be adsorbed, avoiding pollution after combustion and realizing green cleaning.

[0046] Furthermore, the waste heat utilization structure 2 further includes a drying device 28; the drying device 28 is arranged on the gas pipeline 252 between the activated carbon adsorption device 27 and the combustion chamber 13.

[0047] As can be seen from the above description, through the drying device 28, it can ensure that the air input into the combustion chamber 13 has no moisture, ensure the combustion effect, and at the same time effectively recover most of the gases or products generated during the carbonization of the machine-made charcoal.

[0048] Furthermore, both ends of the second heat exchange pipe 232 are communicated with the outside. One end is the air inlet end, and the other end is the air outlet end. A first fan 234 is arranged on the air inlet end.

[0049] As can be seen from the above description, through the first fan 234, the heat of the thermal power generation device 233 can be conveniently removed.

[0050] Furthermore, the thermal power generation device 233 is a thermoelectric generator.

[0051] Furthermore, the heat storage body 21 is a ceramic heat storage body 21.

[0052] As can be seen from the above description, by adopting the ceramic heat storage body 21, since the tail gas generated by the furnace is corrosive and at a high temperature, the traditional metal heat storage body 21 is easily corroded, and in the case of the graphite heat storage body 21 containing tar, once the tar adheres, it is difficult to clean, while the ceramic is the easiest to clean and is most suitable for the situation of this application.

[0053] Furthermore, a water pool 14 is also arranged in the furnace body 1.

[0054] As can be seen from the above description, through the water pool 14, during heating, the formed water vapor can preheat the entire furnace body 1 and the waste heat utilization structure 2, especially the heat storage body 21 and the part between the heat storage body 21 and the cracking device 22. Before the tar is cracked, the heat storage body 21 and the part between the heat storage body 21 and the cracking device 22 are preheated by the water vapor to avoid the tar and wood vinegar from condensing due to cooling here, thereby causing blockage or corrosion.

[0055] Furthermore, the combustion chamber 13 includes a gas inlet 131, an air inlet 132 and a controller. A gas detection meter is arranged on the gas inlet 131. The gas inlet 131 is connected to the gas pipeline 252 through the gas detection meter. A second fan 133 is arranged on the air inlet 132;

[0056] The controller controls the operation of the second fan 133 after obtaining the gas type and flow rate in the gas pipeline 252 according to the gas detection meter and calculating the required air mixing ratio.

[0057] As can be seen from the above description, by obtaining the gas type and flow rate in the gas pipeline 252 according to the gas detection meter and calculating the required air mixing ratio to control the operation of the second fan 133, the combustion can be made more complete. Embodiment 1

[0058] A kiln with a waste heat utilization structure, the kiln includes a furnace body 1; the waste heat utilization structure 2 includes: a heat storage body 21, a cracking device 22, a waste heat power generation set 23, a spraying device 24, a condenser 25 and an electric control system;

[0059] The electric control system is electrically connected to the waste heat power generation set 23, and the electric control system controls and supplies power to each device of the kiln with the waste heat utilization structure 2.

[0060] The heat storage body 21 includes an endothermic channel and an exothermic channel;

[0061] The waste heat generating set 23 includes a first heat exchange pipeline 231, a second heat exchange pipeline 232, and a thermal power generation device 233. The first heat exchange pipeline 231 and the second heat exchange pipeline 232 respectively exchange heat with the thermal power generation device 233;

[0062] The cracking device 22 has a nickel-based catalyst inside;

[0063] The spraying device 24 has a liquid pump 241, a spraying chamber 242, and a solution tank 243. The spraying chamber 242 is communicated with the solution tank 243 through the liquid pump 241. The solution tank 243 has a 5% NaOH solution, and the second heat exchange pipeline 232 extends and surrounds the outer periphery of the solution tank 243;

[0064] The furnace body 1 includes a tail gas port 11, an air inlet 12, and a combustion chamber 13; the tail gas port 11 is sequentially communicated with the endothermic channel, the cracking device 22, the first heat exchange pipeline 231, the spraying device 24, and the condenser 25; the air inlet 12 is communicated with the exothermic channel;

[0065] The condenser 25 includes a liquid collecting pipe 251 and a gas pipeline 252; the gas pipeline 252 is communicated with the combustion chamber 13;

[0066] The waste heat utilization structure 2 further includes a rectification device 26;

[0067] The rectification device 26 includes a rectification pipe 261 and an open heating port 262 arranged at the bottom of the rectification pipe 261. The rectification pipe 261 is communicated with the liquid collecting pipe 251, and the open heating port 262 is communicated with the second heat exchange pipeline 232. Through the rectification device 26, the wood vinegar solution can be rectified to obtain light components (methanol, acetone): which can be condensedly recovered and used as a solvent; the middle section (acetic acid concentration > 30%): can be used as a raw material for acetate; the heavy components (phenols): can be processed into wood preservatives; the open heating port 262 is communicated with the second heat exchange pipeline 232 to realize the fifth-level utilization of waste heat.

[0068] A heating sleeve 253 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the liquid collecting pipe 251. The tail gas with a temperature less than or equal to 200 °C discharged from the spraying device 24 enters the condenser 25 after passing through the heating sleeve 253.

[0069] The waste heat utilization structure 2 further includes an activated carbon adsorption device 27; the activated carbon adsorption device 27 is arranged on the gas pipeline 252.

[0070] The waste heat utilization structure 2 further includes a drying device 28; the drying device 28 is arranged on the gas pipeline 252 between the activated carbon adsorption device 27 and the combustion chamber 13.

[0071] Both ends of the second heat exchange pipeline 232 communicate with the outside. One section is the air inlet end, and the other end is the air outlet end. A first fan 234 is arranged on the air inlet end.

[0072] The heat energy power generation device 233 is a thermoelectric generator.

[0073] The heat storage body 21 is a ceramic heat storage body 21.

[0074] A water pool 14 is further arranged in the furnace body 1.

[0075] The combustion chamber 13 includes a gas inlet 131, an air inlet 132 and a controller. A gas detection meter is arranged on the gas inlet 131. The gas inlet 131 is connected to the gas pipeline 252 through the gas detection meter. A second fan 133 is arranged on the air inlet 132;

[0076] The controller controls the operation of the second fan 133 after obtaining the gas type and flow rate in the gas pipeline 252 according to the gas detection meter and calculating the required air mixing ratio. Embodiment 2

[0077] A kiln with a waste heat utilization structure, the kiln includes a furnace body 1; the waste heat utilization structure 2 includes: a heat storage body 21, a cracking device 22, a waste heat power generation set 23, a spraying device 24, a condenser 25 and an electric control system;

[0078] The electric control system is electrically connected to the waste heat power generation set 23, and the electric control system controls and supplies power to each device of the kiln with the waste heat utilization structure 2;

[0079] The heat storage body 21 includes a heat absorption channel and a heat release channel;

[0080] The waste heat power generation set 23 includes a first heat exchange pipeline 231, a second heat exchange pipeline 232, and a heat energy power generation device 233. The first heat exchange pipeline 231 and the second heat exchange pipeline 232 respectively exchange heat with the heat energy power generation device 233;

[0081] The cracking device 22 is provided with a nickel-based catalyst;

[0082] The spraying device 24 includes a liquid pump 241, a spraying chamber 242 and a solution tank 243. The spraying chamber 242 is communicated with the solution tank 243 through the liquid pump 241. The solution tank 243 contains a 5% NaOH solution. The second heat exchange pipeline 232 extends around the outer periphery of the solution tank 243;

[0083] The furnace body 1 includes an exhaust gas port 11, an air inlet 12, and a combustion chamber 13; the exhaust gas port 11 is sequentially connected to a heat absorption channel, a cracking device 22, a first heat exchange pipeline 231, a spraying device 24, and a condenser 25; the air inlet 12 is connected to a heat release channel;

[0084] The condenser 25 includes a liquid collecting pipe 251 and a gas pipeline 252; the gas pipeline 252 is connected to the combustion chamber 13;

[0085] A heating sleeve 253 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the liquid collecting pipe 251, and the exhaust gas with a temperature less than or equal to 200 °C discharged from the spraying device 24 enters the condenser 25 after passing through the heating sleeve 253.

[0086] The waste heat utilization structure 2 further includes an activated carbon adsorption device 27; the activated carbon adsorption device 27 is arranged on the gas pipeline 252.

[0087] The waste heat utilization structure 2 further includes a drying device 28; the drying device 28 is arranged on the gas pipeline 252 between the activated carbon adsorption device 27 and the combustion chamber 13.

[0088] Both ends of the second heat exchange pipeline 232 are connected to the outside, one end is an air inlet end, and the other end is an air outlet end, and a first fan 234 is arranged on the air inlet end.

[0089] The thermal energy power generation device 233 is a thermoelectric generator.

[0090] The heat storage body 21 is a ceramic heat storage body 21.

[0091] A water pool 14 is further arranged in the furnace body 1.

[0092] The combustion chamber 13 includes a gas inlet 131, an air inlet 132, and a controller. A gas detection meter is arranged on the gas inlet 131. The gas inlet 131 is connected to the gas pipeline 252 through the gas detection meter. A second fan 133 is arranged on the air inlet 132;

[0093] The controller controls the operation of the second fan 133 after obtaining the gas type and flow rate in the gas pipeline 252 according to the gas detection meter and calculating the required air mixing ratio. Example Three

[0094] A working method of the kiln with a waste heat utilization structure described in any one of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, comprising: when the kiln with the waste heat utilization structure 2 is working, the temperature of the tail gas discharged from the tail gas port 11 is 650°C - 800°C, the temperature of the tail gas drops to 600°C - 650°C after passing through the heat absorption channel, and the heat release channel heats the gas entering the air inlet 12; the tail gas at 600°C - 650°C decomposes tar through a nickel-based catalyst while maintaining the temperature of the nickel-based catalyst; after passing through the cracking device 22, the temperature of the tail gas drops to 300°C - 500°C, and the tail gas at 300°C - 500°C exchanges heat with the thermal power generation device 233 through the first heat exchange pipeline 231 for power generation; the second heat exchange pipeline 232 dissipates heat from the thermal power generation device 233, and the temperature of the tail gas discharged from the second heat exchange pipeline 232 is 80°C - 100°C to heat the NaOH solution; the NaOH solution is pumped by the liquid pump 241 and then sprayed through the spray chamber 242 to react with the tail gas discharged from the first heat exchange pipeline 231 to absorb carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the tail gas, and then the temperature of the tail gas drops to less than or equal to 200°C (the reaction is as follows: 2NaOH + CO2 → Na2CO3 + H2O; and 2NaOH + SO2 → Na2SO3 + H2O), the tail gas at 200°C enters the condenser 25 to obtain wood vinegar liquid, and the wood vinegar liquid is collected into the liquid collecting pipe 251. At the same time, the tail gas finally discharged from the condenser 25 is sent into the combustion chamber 13 through the gas pipeline 252.

[0095] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in the relevant technical fields, shall be equally included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A kiln with a waste heat utilization structure, characterized in that The kiln includes a furnace body; the waste heat utilization structure includes: a regenerator, a cracking device, a waste heat power generation unit, a spraying device, a condenser, and an electric control system; The electric control system is electrically connected to the waste heat power generation unit, and the electric control system controls and supplies power to each device of the kiln with the waste heat utilization structure; The regenerator includes a heat absorption channel and a heat release channel; The waste heat power generation unit includes a first heat exchange pipeline, a second heat exchange pipeline, and a heat energy power generation device. The first heat exchange pipeline and the second heat exchange pipeline respectively form heat exchange with the heat energy power generation device; The cracking device has a nickel-based catalyst therein; The spraying device has a liquid pump, a spraying chamber, and a solution tank. The spraying chamber is communicated with the solution tank through the liquid pump. The solution tank has a NaOH solution therein, and the second heat exchange pipeline extends and surrounds the outer periphery of the solution tank; The furnace body includes a tail gas port, an air inlet, and a combustion chamber; the tail gas port is sequentially communicated with the heat absorption channel, the cracking device, the first heat exchange pipeline, the spraying device, and the condenser; the air inlet is communicated with the heat release channel; a water pool is further arranged in the furnace body, and there is water in the water pool; The condenser includes a liquid collecting pipe and a gas pipeline; the gas pipeline is communicated with the combustion chamber; The waste heat utilization structure further includes a rectifying device; The rectifying device includes a rectifying pipe and an open heating port arranged at the bottom of the rectifying pipe. The rectifying pipe is communicated with the liquid collecting pipe, and the open heating port is communicated with the second heat exchange pipeline.

2. The kiln furnace with a waste heat utilization structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A heating sleeve is sleeved on the outer periphery of the liquid collecting pipe, and the tail gas discharged from the spraying device enters the condenser after passing through the heating sleeve.

3. The kiln with a waste heat utilization structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste heat utilization structure further includes an activated carbon adsorption device; the activated carbon adsorption device is arranged on the gas pipeline.

4. The kiln with a waste heat utilization structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The waste heat utilization structure further includes a drying device; the drying device is arranged on the gas pipeline between the activated carbon adsorption device and the combustion chamber.

5. The kiln with a waste heat utilization structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both ends of the second heat exchange pipeline are communicated with the outside. One end is an air inlet end, and the other end is an air outlet end. A first fan is arranged on the air inlet end.

6. The kiln with a waste heat utilization structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The heat energy power generation device is a thermoelectric generator.

7. The kiln furnace with a waste heat utilization structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The regenerator is a ceramic regenerator.

8. The kiln with a waste heat utilization structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The combustion chamber includes a gas inlet, an air inlet, and a controller. A gas detection meter is arranged on the gas inlet. The gas inlet is communicated with the gas pipeline through the gas detection meter. A second fan is arranged on the air inlet; The controller controls the operation of the second fan after obtaining the gas type and flow rate in the gas pipeline according to the gas detection meter and calculating the required air mixing ratio.

9. A method for using a kiln with a waste heat utilization structure according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Including: When the kiln with the waste heat utilization structure works, the furnace body is started for heating. The evaporation rate of water in the water tank is faster than that of tar gas and pyroligneous acid gas. The faster-evaporating water vapor preheats the waste heat utilization structure to prevent the tar gas and pyroligneous acid gas from directly cooling and condensing without treatment. The temperature of the tail gas discharged from the tail gas outlet is 650°C - 800°C. The temperature of the tail gas drops to 600°C - 650°C after passing through the heat absorption channel, and the heat release channel heats the gas entering the air inlet. The 600°C - 650°C tail gas decomposes tar through a nickel-based catalyst while maintaining the temperature of the nickel-based catalyst. After passing through the cracking device, the temperature of the tail gas drops to 300°C - 500°C. The 300°C - 500°C tail gas exchanges heat with the thermal power generation device through the first heat exchange pipeline for power generation. The second heat exchange pipeline dissipates heat from the thermal power generation device, and the temperature of the gas discharged from the second heat exchange pipeline is 80°C - 100°C to heat the NaOH solution. The NaOH solution is pumped by a liquid pump and then sprayed through a spray chamber to react with the tail gas discharged from the first heat exchange pipeline to absorb carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the tail gas, and then the temperature of the tail gas drops to less than or equal to 200°C. The 200°C tail gas enters a condenser to obtain pyroligneous acid, and the pyroligneous acid is collected in a liquid collection pipe. At the same time, the tail gas finally discharged from the condenser is sent into the combustion chamber through a gas pipeline.

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