Coated seed and preparation method thereof

Abstract

Coated seeds and methods of making coated seeds are disclosed. Coated seeds may include a core having a seed, such as soybean or corn, and a coating having a controlled rate of rupture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to a method for coating seeds and the coated seeds themselves. The method includes providing seeds in a coating unit and applying one or more coating layers to the seeds to form coated seeds, which are advantageously protected from insects and harmful environmental factors that typically occur outside the growing season. In this regard, the coating provides an isolation barrier against extreme weather conditions, defense against destructive insects, and / or moisture and freeze protection for seeds planted outside the growing season (e.g., in late autumn and winter). Moreover, the coated seeds according to the present disclosure can have a controlled burst rate, which will be conducive to germination during the main growing season. In addition, the coating method of the present disclosure can be used to improve the shelf life and stability of the seeds below the coating. Background Art

[0002] Although significant advances have been made in agricultural methods for growing crops, further progress is still needed as it relates to crops grown in a variety of geographical regions. For example, Branded corn and soybean can be protected with insecticide seed treatment, nematicide seed treatment, fungicide treatment or its combination to avoid pests, diseases and uncertain soil conditions during critical early growth. However, such treatment does not solve the available narrow window period of planter planting seeds and the logistical problems that will be involved if this narrow window period is hindered by weather, equipment failure, labor shortage or any combination of these factors. It would be advantageous to develop a method for protecting seeds that enables farmers / planters to plant such seeds and / or plant on extra land area to obtain extra yield early before the growing season. The disclosure meets this demand and can allow planters to plant at least one season before the germination season.

[0003] In addition, the art needs a method of coating seeds so that the coating forms a protective barrier around the seeds to protect the seeds from possible degradation during transportation and / or storage before planting. In particular, uncoated seeds are transported to growers from suppliers and then stored for a period of time before planting. Depending on packaging, weather conditions and / or storage conditions, a certain degree of degradation may occur in uncoated seeds before the seeds enter the ground. Moreover, uncoated seeds must usually be planted in the first or initial growing season to avoid the decline in germination rate. It would be advantageous to develop a method for protecting seeds with a coating that provides relatively short-term protection before planting or provides protection that allows it to be planted in a later growing season. The present disclosure meets this demand. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention relates to a coated seed, comprising: a core comprising a seed having a first germination rate; a coating comprising polyurethane, wherein the coating has a rupture rate of about 20 to 180 days after planting in soil, wherein the coated seed has a second germination rate substantially the same as the first germination rate or has a second germination rate better than the first germination rate. In some aspects, based on the total weight of the coating, the weight of the coating is about 0.3 wt % to about 10 wt %. In other aspects, based on the total weight of the coating, the weight of the coating is about 1 wt % to about 8 wt %. In still other aspects, based on the total weight of the coated seed, the coating may account for about 0.0010 wt % to about 20 wt %, 0.2 wt % to about 15 wt %, or about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt %.

[0005] In still other aspects, the second germination rate is about 97% to about 100% of the first germination rate. In still other aspects, the second germination rate is about 99% to about 105% of the first germination rate. In still other aspects, the second germination rate is about 100% to about 115% of the first germination rate. The second germination rate can also be about 97% to about 110% of the first germination rate.

[0006] The present invention also relates to a coated seed, comprising: a core comprising a seed having a first germination rate; a coating comprising polyurethane, wherein the coating has a burst rate of about 20 to 180 days after planting in soil, wherein the coated seed has a second germination rate of at least 50% of the first germination rate. In some aspects, the weight of the coating is about 0.3 wt % to about 10 wt % based on the total weight of the coating. In other aspects, the weight of the coating is about 1 wt % to about 8 wt % based on the total weight of the coating. In other aspects, the coating may account for about 0.0010 wt % to about 20 wt %, 0.2 wt % to about 15 wt %, or about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the coated seed. In still other aspects, the second germination rate is at least about 60% of the first germination rate. In still other aspects, the second germination rate is at least about 70% of the first germination rate.

[0007] The present disclosure also relates to a method for coating seeds, comprising the following steps:

[0008] feeding a plurality of uncoated seeds into a coating unit, wherein the plurality of uncoated seeds have a first germination rate;

[0009] Applying a coating layer to each uncoated seed in the plurality of uncoated seeds by:

[0010] disposing a coating layer on each uncoated seed, wherein the coating layer has a first weight, and wherein the coating layer comprises a reaction product of one or more coating components;

[0011] partially curing or hardening the coating layer, wherein the arranging step is performed one or more times on the plurality of uncoated seeds to provide a plurality of coated seeds; and

[0012] The plurality of coated seeds are discharged from the coating unit, wherein the plurality of coated seeds have a second germination rate.

[0013] In some embodiments, the method further comprises a step of performing a final curing or hardening of the coating layer on each of the plurality of coated seeds, and wherein the performing step occurs before the step of discharging the plurality of coated seeds from the coating unit. In other embodiments, the second germination rate is substantially the same as or greater than the first germination rate. In still other embodiments, the second germination rate is at least 50% of the first germination rate. For example, the second germination rate may be at least about 60% of the first germination rate. In one aspect, the second germination rate is at least about 70% of the first germination rate. In still other embodiments, the one or more coating components include polyisocyanates and isocyanate-reactive components, and the step of applying the coating layer further comprises the following steps:

[0014] injecting an isocyanate-reactive component into the bed of the plurality of uncoated seeds;

[0015] mixing an isocyanate-reactive component with the plurality of uncoated seeds for about 5 to about 120 seconds;

[0016] injecting a polyisocyanate into the bed of the plurality of uncoated seeds;

[0017] tumbling the plurality of uncoated seeds in the coating unit for about 10 seconds to about 300 seconds to allow the isocyanate-reactive component to react with the polyisocyanate; and

[0018] Inject liquid wax into the coating unit.

[0019] In this regard, the isocyanate reactive component may include a polyol. In other aspects, the coating layer may be about 1% to about 10% by weight of the total weight of the coated seed. In still other aspects, the coating layer may be about 5% to about 8% by weight of the total weight of the coated seed. In still other aspects, based on the total weight of the coated seed, the coating may account for about 0.0010% to about 20% by weight, 0.2% to about 15% by weight, or about 0.5% to about 5% by weight. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Further features and advantages may be ascertained from the following detailed description provided in conjunction with the following drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a coated seed according to one embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0022] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a coated seed according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein will have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in the field of the present disclosure. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of this specification, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined as such herein. For the sake of brevity or clarity, well-known functions or configurations may not be described in detail.

[0024] The terms "about" and "approximately" should generally refer to an acceptable degree of error or variation in the amount measured, taking into account the nature or precision of the measurement. Unless otherwise stated, the numerical quantities given in this specification are approximate, which means that the term "about" or "approximately" can be inferred when not explicitly stated.

[0025] The terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "said" are intended to also include the plural (i.e., "at least one") forms, unless the context clearly states otherwise.

[0026] The terms "first", "second", etc. are used herein to describe various features or elements, but these features or elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one feature or element from another feature or element. Therefore, the first feature or element discussed below can be referred to as the second feature or element, and similarly, the second feature or element discussed below can be referred to as the first feature or element without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure.

[0027] Terms such as “at least one of A and B” should be understood to mean “only A, only B, or both A and B.” The same construction should apply to longer lists (eg, “at least one of A, B, and C”).

[0028] The term "consisting essentially of" means that in addition to the recited elements, the claimed content may contain other elements (steps, structures, ingredients, components, etc.) that do not adversely affect the operability of the claimed content for its intended purpose as stated in this disclosure. The term excludes other elements that would adversely affect the operability of the claimed content for its intended purpose as stated in this disclosure, even if such other elements may enhance the operability of the claimed content for some other purpose.

[0029] As used herein, the term "above" refers to a layer, coating or component that is further from the center of the particle than another layer, coating or component. For example, "X is above Y" should be interpreted as X being further from the center of the seed than Y. X may be in direct contact with Y ("directly above"), or there may be intervening distances and / or components. It is contemplated that any instance of the term "above" may be limited to "directly above".

[0030] The present disclosure provides a method for coating seeds. More specifically, the method of the present disclosure relates to protecting or shielding seeds with a coating to provide an isolation barrier for the seeds below the coating to resist extreme weather conditions, provide protection against harmful insects, and provide moisture and frost protection, so that they are protected from harmful environmental factors that are known to or may occur outside the growing season. In addition, the method of the present disclosure also relates to providing a coated particle, wherein the coating protects or shields the particles below the coating from being affected by environmental degradation during transportation and / or storage and until planting. Therefore, the coated particle (obtained after the coating method) includes seeds and an outer layer of coating material that partially or completely covers the seeds.

[0031] Coating preparations

[0032] The coating can be formed by a coating formulation comprising one or more coating components. In one embodiment, the coating component is a polymer. In another embodiment, one or more polymers can be cross-linked. In this regard, the polymer can be thermosetting. In yet another embodiment, the polymer can be thermoplastic. A non-limiting example of a suitable polymer for forming a coating formulation is a water-insoluble polymer. In this regard, the solubility of the polymer in deionized water at 100 kPa and 20 ° C can be less than about 0.10 g / L. For example, the solubility of the polymer in deionized water at 100 kPa and 20 ° C can be less than about 0.05 g / L. In one embodiment, the solubility of the polymer in deionized water at 100 kPa and 20 ° C is less than about 0.01 g / L. In another embodiment, the method outlined in D. Braun et al., Practical Macromolecular Organic Chemistry, CRC Press, 1984, p. 73 is used, in which a 30-50 mg sample of finely divided polymer is placed in a small test tube containing 1 ml of liquid and allowed to stand for several hours, and the polymer is insoluble in deionized water at 20° C. In some embodiments, the coating comprises a resin. In this regard, the coating may comprise one or more polymers and / or one or more additives.

[0033] In one embodiment, the coating is a polyurethane coating. In this regard, the number ratio of NCO to OH groups can be in the range of 0.8:10 to 1.2:10. The components of such polyurethane coatings, i.e., components added to the coating unit to form the coating around the seed component, include polyisocyanates and polyols. Polyisocyanates can have two or more isocyanate groups per molecule and can be aliphatic or aromatic. In one embodiment, the polyisocyanate is aromatic. In another embodiment, the polyisocyanate can be a diisocyanate with exactly two isocyanate groups. Non-limiting examples of suitable polyisocyanates for forming the coating formulations of the present disclosure include methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), such as 4,4′-MDI, toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and combinations thereof. An example of an aromatic polyisocyanate is a polymer of an isocyanate and a blend of diisomers.

[0034] The polyol may have at least two hydroxyl groups, 2-5 hydroxyl groups, or 3-4 hydroxyl groups per molecule. The polyol may be based on a polyether, a polyester, or a natural oil. In one embodiment, the polyol is based on a polyether. In some embodiments, the hydroxyl number of the polyol is 150-700 and the average functionality is 3. In this regard, polypropylene polyols or polyethylene polyols having a hydroxyl number of 150-700 and a functionality of 3 or 4 may be used because they provide a relatively short chain length (e.g., a molecular weight of 300-700 Da) and may help reduce the viscosity of the polyol. In one embodiment, the viscosity of the polyol at 25° C. is less than 2000 or less than 1000 mPa·s, and is generally greater than 100 mPa·s at 25° C.

[0035] In other embodiments, the polyol is an aliphatic polyether polyol, such as a polyol formed by an initiator and a plurality of alkylene oxide units. The polyol can be initiated by a compound with three hydroxyl groups, such as glycerol, an amine, or a combination thereof. In still other embodiments, the polyol is polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide polyol or other polyether polyols. Polyester polyols can also be used.

[0036] The polyol and polyisocyanate components can be selected so that the curing time is short, i.e., less than about 5 minutes at 25°C, 70°C, and / or the temperature at which the coating is applied, thereby allowing a subsequent coating layer (if applicable) to be applied at a time interval of less than about 5 minutes. The amount and type of catalyst can be adjusted accordingly to achieve such a curing time. In one embodiment, the polyol and polyisocyanate components are selected so that the curing time is less than about 2 minutes at 25°C, 70°C, and / or the temperature at which the coating is applied.

[0037] In some embodiments, the coating is a polyester coating, more preferably a thermosetting polyester coating. In this regard, the coating components may include unsaturated polyesters (including carbon-carbon double bonds) and vinyl monomers. The reaction of these components may involve the copolymerization of vinyl monomers and unsaturated polyesters. Unsaturated polymers may be reaction products of saturated dicarboxylic acids (or anhydrides), unsaturated dicarboxylic acids (or anhydrides) and polyols such as diols (glycols). The glycol may be ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, hydrogenated bisphenol A or a combination thereof. The glycol may be cyclic or acyclic and may be aliphatic or aromatic. The glycol may have 2-30 C atoms. The vinyl monomer may be styrene. The reaction between the components may involve the copolymerization of unsaturated polyesters and vinyl monomers in the presence of free radical initiators and catalysts. The unsaturated polyester may be injected as a liquid mixture with a vinyl monomer, wherein the vinyl monomer also serves as a solvent for the polyester.

[0038] In other embodiments, the coating is a polyurea coating and the coating components include a polyisocyanate and a polyamine. The polyisocyanate can be any polyisocyanate discussed above with respect to the polyurethane coating, and the polyamine can have two or more amine groups per molecule, preferably 2-5 amine groups, more preferably 3-4 amine groups.

[0039] In yet other embodiments, the coating is a phenolic resin coating and the coating components include phenol and formaldehyde. The phenol component and the formaldehyde component can react in the coating unit to form a thermosetting polymer.

[0040] In still other embodiments, the coating is an epoxy coating and the coating components include an epoxy component (having an epoxide group) and optional co-reactants such as amines, acids and anhydrides, phenols, alcohols and thiols having reactive groups. The co-reactants may have two or more reactive groups per molecule to provide the formation of a thermosetting polymer. The epoxy component may be cross-linked by homopolymerization in the second step (discussed in more detail below) or by reacting with optional co-reactants.

[0041] In some aspects, the coating formulation may include an initiator and / or a catalyst, such as a polymerization initiator (e.g., a free radical initiator or a cationic initiator) and a polymerization catalyst (e.g., an organometallic catalyst, a tertiary amine, and an organic or inorganic base). The amount and type of the catalyst may be adjusted accordingly to achieve the desired curing time.

[0042] As discussed with respect to the polyurethane coating, the coating components of any suitable coating formulation discussed herein may be selected such that the curing time is less than about five minutes at 25°C, 70°C, and / or the temperature at which the coating is applied. If subsequent coating layers are applied (discussed in more detail below), the time interval between coating layers may be about five minutes or less. In one embodiment, the coating components are selected such that the curing time is less than about 2 minutes at 25°C, 70°C, and / or the temperature at which the coating is applied.

[0043] The reactivity of the coating component at room temperature may be between about 10 and 300 seconds (the time required for at least 50% solidification). In one embodiment, the reactivity of the coating component is from about 10 seconds to about 150 seconds. For example, the reactivity of the coating component at room temperature may be from about 10 seconds to about 60 seconds. In another embodiment, the reaction time of the coating component at 25°C is from about 30 to 250 seconds (wherein the reaction time is the time required for hardening). In another embodiment, the reactivity of the coating component at the operating temperature of the coating unit and / or at 55°C is between about 10 and 60 seconds. In still another embodiment, the reactivity of the coating component at the operating temperature of the coating unit and / or at about 55°C to about 70°C is between about 10 and 120 seconds. In yet another embodiment, the reactivity of the coating component at the operating temperature of the coating unit and / or at about 55°C to about 70°C is between about 10 and 60 seconds. For example, the reactivity of the coating component at operating temperature may be from about 10 to 45 seconds. As mentioned above with respect to the use of catalysts, the reaction time can be achieved or adjusted by varying the amount and type of catalyst used for curing or hardening.

[0044] In addition, the coating formulation may include a wetting agent, a surfactant, a biocide, an herbicide, an insecticide, a fungicide, an antistatic agent, a micronutrient, a plant growth or health promoting additive, or a combination thereof. Non-limiting examples of suitable micronutrients for use according to the present disclosure include Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, Ni, Cl, Mg, and B.

[0045] The coating formulation may include water and / or organic solvents less than about 5% by weight based on the total weight of the coating formulation. In this regard, the organic solvent may include an organic compound with a boiling point lower than 120°C. In some embodiments, the coating formulation includes water and / or organic solvents less than about 4% by weight based on the total weight of the coating formulation. In other embodiments, the coating formulation includes water and / or organic solvents less than about 3% by weight based on the total weight of the coating formulation. In still other embodiments, the coating formulation includes water and / or organic solvents less than about 1% by weight based on the total weight of the coating formulation. In still other embodiments, the coating formulation includes water and / or organic solvents less than about 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or 1% by weight based on the weight of uncoated seeds.

[0046] In some aspects, the coating formulation and / or one or more components thereof have a viscosity of less than about 2000 mPa·s at 25°C (as measured according to ISO 3219:1993) when applied to the seed component. In one embodiment, the coating formulation and / or one or more components thereof have a viscosity of less than about 1000 mPa·s at 25°C when applied to the seed component. In another embodiment, the coating formulation or one or more components thereof have a viscosity of about 100 mPa·s or more at 25°C. In yet another embodiment, the coating formulation or one or more components thereof have a viscosity of about 500 mPa·s or more at 25°C.

[0047] Although the coating formulation may include additives as discussed, the coating formulation preferably includes less than about 40 wt%, less than about 30 wt%, less than about 20 wt%, or less than about 10 wt% (based on the total weight of the coating formulation) of components other than the reactants necessary to carry out the chemical reaction (as described in more detail below). In this regard, if the coating formulation includes a wetting agent, a surfactant, etc., such additives may be present in the coating formulation in an amount of less than about 40 wt%, based on the total weight of the coating formulation.

[0048] In one embodiment, coating is impermeable. In some respects, the seed in the coating is protected from environmental influences until climatic conditions are sufficient to cause seed germination, at which point the coating breaks and roots and plants begin to grow. In another embodiment, coating is semipermeable (e.g., permeable to water and / or other solutes). When water enters through the coating due to penetration, germination / expansion of the seed will occur, which may cause the coating to crack or burst. In this respect, it is possible to achieve continuous and / or delayed rupture of the coating material.

[0049] In fact, unlike coated fertilizers, where water permeates the coating membrane, causing the fertilizer to become a solution and be forced out of the pores of the coating, once germination occurs, the coating on the finished coated seeds made according to the present disclosure bursts apart as the seeds beneath the coating break apart and roots begin to form. Therefore, as long as the coated seeds are not subjected to climatic factors that define the growing season, it can be expected that the coated seeds made according to the present disclosure will have an improved shelf life and a germination rate similar to that of uncoated seeds or, in some cases, better than that of uncoated seeds. In this regard, after the initial growing season, uncoated seeds may have to be landfilled because the germination rate in the second growing season may be significantly lower, i.e., only about 90% or less of the initial germination rate. The coated seeds of the present disclosure not only have an initial germination rate comparable to or better than that of uncoated seeds, but the germination rate of the coated seeds in the second growing season is within about ±5% of the initial germination rate. In other words, the shelf life of the coated seeds of the present disclosure is improved over that of uncoated seeds.

[0050] In some embodiments, the coating itself contains phytonutrients that aid plant development. In other embodiments, the coating comprises an additive that stimulates growth, an additive that reduces stress, or a combination thereof to help reduce plant stress. In still other embodiments, the coating comprises a phytonutrient and an additive that stimulates growth or an additive that reduces stress.

[0051] The total thickness of the coating (after application to the seed) and / or the thickness of each coating layer is from about 1.0 μm to about 50 μm, but other thicknesses are also possible. In one embodiment, the thickness of the coating is from about 5 μm to about 45 μm. In another embodiment, the thickness of the coating is from about 10 μm to about 35 μm. In this regard, the coating can include one or more layers, each of which is formed by a coating formulation as described herein, and the coating formulation of each coating layer can be the same or different.

[0052] The coating, in total and / or per coating layer, may be at least about 0.0010% by weight, based on the total weight of the coated seed. In some aspects, the coating is about 0.10% to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the coated seed. In other aspects, the coating is about 0.2% to about 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the coated seed. In still other aspects, the coating is about 0.3% to about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the coated seed. In still other aspects, the coating is about 1% to about 8% by weight, based on the total weight of the coated seed. In still other aspects, the coating is about 0.5% to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the coated seed.

[0053] In this respect, seed may have an initial coating only for conveying and / or storage purposes. For example, relatively light coating may be beneficial to increase the stability of uncoated seeds, thereby allowing to safely convey and store coated seeds without degradation or damage. In addition, light coating may allow coated seeds to have potential to be planted in the second growing season (rather than the first or initial growing season), and germination rate allows to realize the output that uncoated seeds could not realize originally. In some embodiments, coated seeds can be planted before the second growing season, and germination rate is the same or substantially the same as the germination rate planted in the first growing season. In other embodiments, coated seeds can be planted in the second growing season, and germination rate is the same or substantially the same as the germination rate planted in the first growing season. In one embodiment, based on the coated seeds gross weight, coating can be about 0.1 % by weight to about 3 % by weight. In another embodiment, based on the coated seeds gross weight, coating can be about 0.2 % by weight to about 2.5 % by weight. In yet another embodiment, the coating may be from about 0.3 wt % to about 2.0 wt % based on the total weight of the coated seed.

[0054] In addition, if planted outside the normal growing season, the coated seeds can also be subjected to an additional coating process at a later time to improve or maintain germination rate by increasing the coating weight. For example, the coated seeds with 1-2 % by weight (based on the total weight of the coated seeds) can be coated again to increase further protection or isolation to extreme weather conditions, destructive insects and / or moisture. Therefore, the coated seeds can (i) be subjected to the first coating process at the first time to provide a first coating or layer with a first weight and (ii) be subjected to the second coating process at the second time to provide a second coating or layer with a second weight. In some embodiments, the second weight is about 10% to about 50% of the first weight. In other embodiments, the second weight is about 50% to about 100% of the first weight. In one embodiment, seed can have at least two coatings, and each coating is applied at different times. In another embodiment, seed can have at least three coatings, and each coating is applied at different times. The coating weight of each coating can be the same or different.

[0055] Seed components

[0056] Seeds can be used to grow crops, including but not limited to, for example, soybean seeds, cotton seeds, sunflower seeds, canola seeds, corn seeds, rapeseed, peanut seeds, and other commercially grown fruits and vegetables. Seeds can also include wheat, barley, milo, alfalfa, sorghum, ceral, clover, fescue, timothy, oats, Bermuda grass, bluegrass, and rye.

[0057] The particle size of the seeds to be coated may be from about 0.10 mm to about 25 mm, such as from about 0.5 mm to about 20 mm, from about 1 mm to about 15 mm, from about 5 mm to about 11 mm, or from about 3 mm to about 10 mm. In this regard, at least about 80% of the seeds to be coated have an average particle size within the above range.

[0058] In some aspects, the average size of the seeds is at least about 85% of the average size of the coated particles. In other aspects, the average size of the seeds is at least about 95% of the average size of the coated particles. In still another aspect, the average size of the seeds is at least about 99.5% of the average size of the coated particles.

[0059] The average size of the seed particles can be in the range of about 0.25 mm to about 25 mm. In some embodiments, the average size of the seed particles is about 1 mm to about 15 mm. In other embodiments, the average size of the seed particles is about 3 mm to about 10 mm.

[0060] In some aspects, the average weight of the seeds is at least about 80% of the average weight of the coated particles. In other aspects, the average weight of the seeds is at least about 85% of the average weight of the coated particles. In still another aspect, the average weight of the seeds is at least about 90% of the average weight of the coated particles. In still another aspect, the average weight of the seeds is at least about 95% of the average weight of the coated particles.

[0061] Coating unit

[0062] The coating unit can be any unit configured to receive and hold the seed component. In this regard, the coating unit can have one or more outer walls that define the inner space capable of receiving the seed component. In one embodiment, the coating unit can be a rotary container. In another embodiment, the coating unit includes one or more movable units to create a bed of the seed component. In this regard, the one or more movable units in the coating unit make the seed component have a tumbling action or contact with particles by particles. In some aspects, the bed is a lifting particle bed, in which the seed component is lifted due to the movement of the movable element. In yet another embodiment, the coating unit includes a fluidized bed.

[0063] Other aspects and features of the suitable coating unit for preparing coated particles according to the present disclosure are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 11,180,429, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In brief, the coating unit may include a fixed frame and at least two movable elements (such as a container and an agitator), each movable element may be independently movable relative to the frame, and has rotation and / or reciprocating motion. The coating unit may also include an actuator, an opening or inlet for seed components, a nozzle and a scraper for one or more components and / or additives of a coating formulation. When one of the movable elements is a container, the container may rotate at a speed of at least about 1rpm but less than about 500rpm, about 5rpm to about 100rpm.

[0064] In any of these aspects, the coating unit can be operated in a manner that keeps all materials loaded into the interior space of the coating unit in constant motion. In particular, in some embodiments, the operation of the coating unit can cause the airborne particles to move continuously in multiple directions. In other embodiments, the coating steps discussed below are performed in a non-air atmosphere, for example, an inert atmosphere such as N2. For example, the coating unit can be operated so that at least some particles are airborne and move continuously in multiple directions. Without being bound by any particular theory, the continuous movement of the seed component and the coated particles may help to overcome the effects of gravity and may eliminate the limitations of particle size, shape and density to achieve uniform mixing of the coating formulation and the seed component within a short mixing cycle.

[0065] Method for preparing coated granules

[0066] In the first step of the method, the seed component is fed into the coating unit. In some embodiments, the seed component can be screened to the desired particle size before the seed component is introduced into the coating unit. In other embodiments, the seed component can be preheated before the seed component is fed into the coating unit. In this regard, the seed component can be preheated to a temperature of at least about 30°C, at least about 40°C, at least about 50°C, at least about 60°C, or at least about 70°C. In other aspects, the seed component can be preheated to a temperature of about 5°C to about 50°C higher than the ambient temperature before the seed component is fed into the coating unit. For example, the seed component can be preheated to a temperature of about 15°C to about 40°C. In one embodiment, the seed component can be preheated to a temperature of about 20°C to about 30°C. In still other aspects, the seed component can be preheated to a temperature of about 15°C to about 60°C. In one embodiment, the seed component can be preheated to a temperature of about 20°C to about 80°C.

[0067] The seed component can be fed into the coating unit in an amount greater than about 10%, greater than about 20%, greater than about 40%, or greater than about 60% and / or less than about 95%, less than about 90%, less than about 80% of the volume of the interior space of the coating unit (based on the bulk density of the seed component). In one embodiment, the seed component is fed into the coating unit in an amount of about 60% to about 90% of the volume of the interior space of the coating unit. In another embodiment, the seed component is fed into the coating unit in an amount of about 75% to about 90% of the volume of the interior space of the coating unit. The volume fraction based on the bulk density refers to the interior space occupied by the packed bed of the uncoated seed component (including the void space in the bed). Without being bound by any particular theory, the filling fraction of this range can help form a raised bed and help a good distribution of the coating component.

[0068] Once the seed component has been loaded into the coating unit, one or more components of the coating formulation can be added to the coating unit in the second step of the method and allowed to react in the coating unit. This second step can be carried out (and completed) in about 10 to about 600 seconds. In one embodiment, the second step is carried out in about 30 to about 240 seconds. For example, the second step can be carried out in about 30 to about 120 seconds or about 30 to about 90 seconds. In another embodiment, the second step is carried out in about 10 to about 120 seconds. For example, the second step can be carried out in about 10 to about 60 seconds or about 10 to about 30 seconds. In some embodiments, the one or more coating components are added to the coating unit in about 0.5 to about 30 seconds, about 1 to about 10 seconds, or about 1 to about 5 seconds, more specifically, to one of the movable elements. In other embodiments, the one or more coating components are distributed on the seed component (that is, mixed with the seed component) in about 5 to about 45 seconds or about 10 to about 30 seconds.

[0069] Although the second step of the method involves applying a coating layer, the step of applying a coating layer can be performed once or multiple times to provide coated particles with one or more coating layers. In addition, if necessary, other compounds and layers, such as solvents and wax layers, can be applied simultaneously or subsequently with the coating application step. For example, at least two coating layers (having the same or different coating formulations) can be applied stepwise. If the second step is performed twice or more times to provide more than one coating layer in the coated particles, these times refer to the time of the second step once. Preferably, step b) involves applying two or more coating components to the seed particles subsequently and stepwise while the container and the rotor are rotating. Preferably, the coating component first added to the particle has a higher molecular weight (such as a number average molecular weight) and / or a higher viscosity than the second coating component. Preferably, the first coating component is added to the particle and mixed for 2-120 seconds, such as 10-60 seconds, and then the second coating component is added. The mixing of the first coating component preferably provides a uniform distribution of the coating component on the particle at the end of the mixing period and before adding the second coating component. Preferably both coating components are injected as liquids (which may include dripping and spraying), and are preferably injected into the lifting particle bed. In a preferred embodiment, the lifting particle bed contains an area where the particles move fastest (e.g., near the rotor) and the coating components are added to this part. This can provide a rapid realization of uniform distribution of the coating components on the particles. In some embodiments, the first two coating components added are reactive to each other. After applying one or more reactive coating components, the method may involve allowing the coating components to react with each other for a time of, for example, 10 to 300 seconds, such as 10 to 120 seconds, while keeping the particles moving. An advantage of the present invention is that this reaction carried out in the coating unit can provide solidification or hardening of the particles without agglomeration of the coated particles.

[0070] In addition, as discussed above, uncoated seeds can be (i) subjected to a first coating process as described herein at a first time to provide a first coating or layer having a first weight for coated seeds and (ii) subjected to at least one additional coating process at a later time to build at least one additional coating layer on the first coating and a total coating thickness of a second weight greater than the first weight. For example, for storage and stability purposes, uncoated seeds can be protected with a first coating having about 1 weight % to about 3 weight % of the total weight of the coated seeds. At a later date, at least one additional coating layer can be added to the already coated seeds to increase the total coating weight to greater than the weight of the first coating.

[0071] The one or more coating formulations can be applied as a liquid. In this regard, the liquid can be in the form of an emulsion, a solution or a dispersion. In other embodiments, the coating formulation can be applied as a polymer melt, for example, at a temperature sufficiently above the glass transition temperature of the polymer so that the polymer has a sufficiently low viscosity.

[0072] The first and second steps of the method may be performed at a temperature in the range of about 10°C to about 120°C. In one embodiment, the first and second steps of the method are performed at a temperature of at least about 10°C, at least about 30°C, at least about 40°C, at least about 50°C, at least about 55°C, at least about 60°C, or at least about 70°C. In another embodiment, the first and second steps of the method are performed at a temperature of less than about 120°C or less than about 80°C. For example, the first and second steps of the method may be performed in a temperature range of about 40°C to about 120°C, about 50°C to about 100°C, or about 55°C to about 80°C.

[0073] The third step of the method also relates to at least partially solidifying or hardening the one or more coating layers. Solidification or hardening step relates to the chemical reaction of the one or more components in the coating formulation when in the coating unit. The coated particles keep moving during curing. The chemical reaction can provide the polymerization and / or crosslinking of the polymer, the increase of the viscosity of the coating layer or both. In this respect, the chemical reaction may relate to crosslinking to form a thermosetting polymer, or may not relate to crosslinking to form a thermoplastic polymer. Moreover, when the coating formulation is formed by only one reactant / component, the component will react with itself, for example in a polymerization reaction. As discussed above, initiators and / or catalysts can be used to achieve solidification or hardening. In one embodiment, the third step is carried out (and completed) in about 60 seconds to about 10 minutes. For example, the third step can be carried out in about 2 to about 8 minutes. In another embodiment, the third step is carried out in about 1 minute to about 6 minutes.

[0074] Depending on the degree of solidification, further solidification or hardening can be carried out after the third step, i.e. in the fourth step, before and / or after the coated particles are discharged from the coating unit. An optional final solidification or hardening step is applied so that the coated particles are in a discharge condition, such as non-stick and having enough mechanical / crushing strength for handling, packaging and storage. The final hardening step may include evaporation or cooling of unreacted monomers and / or a final hardening chemical reaction step. The final solidification step may include allowing the coating components present in the applied coating layer to further react (with or without initiators or catalysts). In this regard, the final solidification step may involve the crosslinking of polymer coating materials. In one embodiment, the final solidification or hardening step is carried out in a coating unit that is identical or different from the coating unit for the second and / or third step of the method.

[0075] In one embodiment, the fourth step is performed (and completed) in about 1 minute to about 15 minutes. For example, the fourth step can be performed in about 2 to about 12 minutes. In another embodiment, the fourth step is performed in about 1 minute to about 8 minutes. In still another embodiment, the fourth step is performed in about 2 to about 5 minutes.

[0076] The residence time in the coating unit may be about 30 minutes or less. In one embodiment, the residence time is about 20 minutes or less. In a second embodiment, the residence time is about 15 minutes or less. In another embodiment, the residence time is about 10 minutes or less. In still another embodiment, the residence time is about 5 minutes or less.

[0077] If additional components are used, such as wetting agents, surfactants, etc., as discussed above, such components can be added to the coating elements in the second step along with the other components of the coating formulation, or added to the coating elements in the third step, i.e., the curing or hardening step.

[0078] The coating can include wax, which can be applied as a layer between the coating layers that solidify or harden during the third step and / or as a final layer. The wax can be an olefin wax. In one embodiment, the wax is an alpha-olefin wax with at least 20 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, the wax is an alpha-olefin wax with at least 30 carbon atoms. In this regard, the wax can be a hydrocarbon (such as an alkane) with 20 to 40 carbon atoms. The wax can also be paraffin, petrolatum wax, polyamide wax or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the wax is a microcrystalline wax.

[0079] The method also includes discharging the coated particles from the coating unit. In one embodiment, the coated particles are at least about 50°C when discharged from the coating unit. After being discharged, the coated particles can be subjected to additional steps, including but not limited to a cooling step, a packaging step, a metering step, a storage step, or a combination thereof. For example, the coated particles can be cooled from an outlet temperature (e.g., about 75°C or higher) to about 40°C or lower. In this regard, the cooling step can include suspending the coated particles in cooling air. The packaging step can include packaging the coated particles in a bag or container. The metering step can involve dividing the flow of the coated particles into batches of metered amounts so that the batches can be transferred to the desired conveying mode (with or without packaging).

[0080] The coating method described herein can be carried out in batches or in a continuous process. For example, a batch process can be used to produce coated particles with multiple coating layers, that is, wherein two or more steps of applying coating layers are carried out in the same coating unit. In addition, for a batch process, the one or more components of the coating formulation can be added continuously within a period of about 10 seconds or longer. Two or more batch coating units can be operated in parallel, wherein the parallel coating units simultaneously carry out steps different from each other. In such an embodiment, the method of the present disclosure can be carried out in batch continuous or semi-continuous mode. In this regard, the method may involve loading the seed component into the first coating unit and applying the one or more coating layers, while the second coating unit carries out different steps. In such an embodiment, the method may involve applying the total number of coating layers to be applied on the seed component in a single one of the parallel coating units (e.g., 1, 2, 3 or more layers).

[0081] In one embodiment, the method is carried out in a continuous process, so that two or more coating layers are applied in different coating units arranged in series, and the partially coated seed component is transported from the first coating unit to the second coating unit to apply the second coating layer after applying the first coating layer. The transport can be completed with a moving belt, or the coating units can be stacked on top of each other so that the transport is carried out by gravity. The continuous process can involve continuously supplying the seed component to the first coating unit and transferring the partially coated particles (i.e., the seed component with the coating layer from the first coating unit) to the downstream second coating unit and removing the partially coated particles with the additional coating layer from the second coating unit. In other embodiments, two or more coating units as described are used in series, wherein different coating layers are applied stepwise in different coating units, and wherein the transport involves transporting at least the coated particles from the first coating unit in batches to the downstream second coating unit.

[0082] In such an embodiment, the coating unit may include a plurality of coating devices arranged in series or in parallel, wherein each coating device includes a container and at least one rotor. For example, the coating unit may include a plurality of coating devices arranged in series and connected to each other by a conveyor line (such as a moving belt or a pipeline) for coating particles or partially coated particles, wherein each coating device has a container. Each container, for example, has an inlet and an outlet for coating particles. In another embodiment, a coating system having a plurality of parallel coating units and a common cooling section downstream of the coating unit is used.

[0083] In a non-limiting example, the coating unit comprises a container and a rotor as two movable elements, the coating is a polyurethane coating, and the second step comprises subsequently (after each other, but optionally with further steps before, between and / or after):

[0084] 1) injecting a polyol into a seed bed in a container, wherein the seeds in the bed can be lifted by the movement of the container and the rotor, and wherein the injecting can be performed with an open pipe or with a nozzle;

[0085] 2) mixing the polyol with the seeds for about 5 to about 120 seconds, preferably about 10 to about 60 seconds;

[0086] 3) injecting a polyisocyanate component into a seed bed in a container, wherein the injecting may be performed using an open tube or a nozzle; and

[0087] 4) Tumbling the seeds in the container for at least about 10 to about 300 seconds, preferably about 20 to about 180 seconds, to allow the polyol and polyisocyanate components to react with each other and at least partially cure the coating layer.

[0088] 5) injecting wax, which can be applied as a layer after each polyol and polyisocyanate coating layer in the seed bed in the container, wherein the injecting can be performed with an open tube or nozzle; and

[0089] 6) Tumbling the seeds in the container for at least about 10 to about 120 seconds, preferably about 20 to about 60 seconds, to allow the melted wax to spread evenly on the coated seed particles.

[0090] In multiple coating steps, a predetermined amount of polyol, polyisocyanate and wax are injected successively to produce coated seeds with required coating concentration. In one embodiment, the step of injecting the coating component can be reversed, that is, the step of injecting the polyisocyanate component can occur before the step of injecting and mixing the polyol. In another embodiment, the step of injecting wax before the polyol component can occur before the step of injecting and mixing the polyisocyanate. In still another embodiment, the step of injecting wax before the polyisocyanate component can occur before the step of injecting and mixing the polyol. Of course, other coating components can replace polyol and / or polyisocyanate and / or wax to provide the coating formed by any other suitable coating discussed above. In the tumbling step, the coating unit and its movable element can be rotated or otherwise manipulated to realize the tumbling of seeds.

[0091] The coating method of the present disclosure provides several advantages over the prior art, including but not limited to avoiding damage to seed components, faster reaction time, and no agglomeration of particles. As discussed below, the coated particles produced by the method provide greater flexibility in the planting cycle in various geographic regions and provide higher yields. Coated seeds made according to the present disclosure allow farmers to plant at least one season before the growing season, and can also be planted on additional land areas to obtain additional yields.

[0092] Finished coated granules

[0093] like Figure 1 As shown in, finished coated granules 10 include at least a core component 12 including seeds and a protective coating layer 14 including multiple layers. In this regard, the protective coating layer 14 may include one or more layers of solidified and hardened polyols, polyisocyanates and waxes. In some embodiments, based on the weight of the seed component, the amount of the coating layer 14 applied in the second step is about 0.10 to about 20 weight %, about 0.2 to about 15 weight %, about 0.3 to about 10 weight % or about 0.5 to about 5 weight %. If the second step (i.e., the coating step) is performed twice or more, these amounts refer to the amount of the second step once. For example, if there are four coating layers, each individual coating level may be about 0.025 to about 5 weight %, about 0.05 to about 3.75 weight %, about 0.075 to about 2.5 weight % or about 0.125 to about 1.25 weight % based on the weight of the seed component. Figure 2 A finished coated granule having four such coating layers is shown in . Specifically, the finished coated granule 20 may include at least a core component 22 including seeds and four coating layers 24a, 24b, 24c and 24d.

[0094] The coated particles have a controlled rupture rate. In other words, the coating protects the seeds until a predetermined time, so that the seeds have a longer dormancy period than conventionally experienced. In fact, the coated seeds according to the present disclosure have an initial germination rate comparable to or better than uncoated seeds, i.e., a germination rate in the first growing season, and a germination rate in the second growing season of at least about 90% of the initial germination rate. In some embodiments, the coated seeds according to the present disclosure have an initial germination rate comparable to or better than uncoated seeds, and a germination rate in the second growing season of at least about 50% of the initial germination rate.

[0095] No matter when planting, a batch of coated seeds can have at least about 50% germination rate. In other words, every planting 100 coated seeds, at least 50 of these coated seeds will germinate, regardless of whether these coated seeds are planted early before the growing season or stored over the growing season and planted until the second growing season (or before the second growing season). In some embodiments, a batch of coated seeds can have at least about 60% germination rate. In other embodiments, a batch of coated seeds can have at least about 70% germination rate. In still other embodiments, a batch of coated seeds can have at least about 80% germination rate. Not bound by any particular theory, if a batch of 160,000 coated soybeans are planted in the fall, at least about 80,000 plants will be grown in the spring. And, because these plants can adapt and expand over time, the open space left by any coated seeds that fail to germinate will be filled with plants around the open space. Thus, a grower can utilize land that would otherwise go unused due to logistical issues (e.g., time, labor, weather) that may arise during normal planting times by planting a batch of coated seeds made according to the present disclosure prior to normal planting times, because the coating will protect the batch of seeds such that at least 50% of the coated seeds will germinate during the growing season.

[0096] In some aspects, the controlled bursting rate is based on the thickness or weight percentage of the coating applied to the seed. In this respect, the coated granules can have a bursting rate of at least about 20 days after planting in the soil. In one embodiment, the coated seeds can have a delayed bursting / germination rate of at least about 90 days after planting in the soil. In another embodiment, the delayed bursting / germination rate is at least about 120 days after planting in the soil. In another embodiment, the delayed bursting / germination rate is at least about 150 days after planting in the soil. In another embodiment, the delayed bursting / germination rate is at least about 180 days after planting in the soil. In still another embodiment, the delayed bursting / germination rate is at least about 210 days after planting in the soil.

[0097] The cracking rate can be further controlled for certain geographical regions. In this regard, the thickness or weight percentage of the coating can be adjusted for planting under different climatic conditions. In different geographical regions, there are many factors that affect the time and rate of seed germination. For example, environmental factors such as the length of the growing season, the number of sunshine hours in a day, soil temperature, soil type and mineral structure, soil pH and soil water retention capacity can all affect seed germination. In addition, in the required dormancy period, there are also some factors that may have a negative impact on the seeds planted, such as seed planting depth, too much water / flood (which may cause seed rot), wet freezing conditions (which may damage the seed protective film), due to the seed scorching and / or soil insect attachment caused by overheating. Coating advantageously provides an isolation barrier for seeds to resist extreme weather conditions, protection against harmful insects and protection seeds from the influence of wet / or freezing conditions, especially for seeds planted before the growing season (for example, in late autumn and winter). In this regard, the coating on the seed will have a controllable cracking rate, thereby promoting and / or promoting the germination in the main growing season.

[0098] In this regard, the coated particles of the present disclosure increase the dormancy period of the seed (from planting in soil to germination) by at least about 70% compared to uncoated seeds. In one embodiment, the dormancy period of the seed is increased by at least about 80% compared to uncoated seeds. In another embodiment, the dormancy period of the seed is increased by at least about 95% compared to uncoated seeds.

[0099] Example

[0100] The following examples do not limit the invention or the claimed subject matter. Instead, the examples are intended to further illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0101] Example 1: 2021-2022 Northern Kentucky Coated Soybean Trial

[0102] Uncoated soybean seeds received 8% by weight of the total coating of polyurethane / wax. This coated soybean seed population was planted in northern Kentucky in the late fall before the normal spring growing season. The coated soybean seeds survived the fall and winter, and germination / plant emergence was observed in the first few weeks of the spring growing season (which was about 150-160 days after planting).

[0103] A control population of uncoated soybeans was then planted during the spring growing season. When environmental conditions are favorable to promote seed germination, uncoated soybean seeds typically germinate and emerge from the soil within 2-7 days after planting.

[0104] Research agronomists monitored and evaluated both plant populations. Approximately 7-14 days after planting the uncoated soybean seeds, plant populations from coated soybean seeds planted before the spring growing season were comparable to plant populations from uncoated soybean seeds planted during the spring growing season.

[0105] The description herein illustrates and describes the preparation, process and finished product of the present disclosure. Although the present disclosure only shows and describes certain embodiments, as mentioned above, it should be understood that the teaching of the present disclosure can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be changed or modified commensurate with the skills and / or knowledge of ordinary technicians in the relevant fields within the scope of the teaching as expressed herein. Therefore, the teaching of the present disclosure is not intended to limit the exact embodiments and embodiments disclosed herein. Any section title of this article is only provided to be consistent with the suggestion of 37C.FR§1.77 or otherwise provide a tissue queue. These titles should not limit or characterize the invention set forth herein.

Claims

1. A coated seed, comprising: a core containing seeds having a first germination rate; A coating comprising polyurethane, wherein the coating has a rupture rate of about 20 days to 180 days after planting in soil, wherein the coated seed has a second germination rate.

2. The coated seed of claim 1, wherein the weight of the coating is from about 0.3 wt% to about 10 wt% based on the total weight of the coating.

3. The coated seed of claim 2, wherein the weight of the coating is from about 1 wt% to about 8 wt% based on the total weight of the coating.

4. The coated seed of claim 1, wherein the weight of the coating is from about 0.1 wt% to about 20 wt% based on the total weight of the coated seed.

5. The coated seed of claim 4, wherein the weight of the coating is from about 0.2 wt% to about 15 wt% based on the total weight of the coated seed.

6. The coated seed of claim 5, wherein the weight of the coating is about 0.5 wt% to about 5 wt% based on the total weight of the coated seed.

7. The coated seed of claim 1, wherein the second germination rate is substantially equal to or better than the first germination rate.

8. The coated seed of claim 1, wherein the second germination rate is about 97% to about 100% of the first germination rate.

9. The coated seed of claim 1, wherein the second germination rate is about 99% to about 105% of the first germination rate.

10. The coated seed of claim 1, wherein the second germination rate is about 100% to about 115% of the first germination rate.

11. The coated seed of claim 1, wherein the second germination rate is about 97% to about 110% of the first germination rate.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the second germination rate is at least 50% of the first germination rate.

13. A method for coating seeds, wherein the method comprises: feeding a plurality of uncoated seeds into a coating unit, wherein the plurality of uncoated seeds have a first germination rate; Applying a coating layer to each uncoated seed in the plurality of uncoated seeds by: disposing a coating layer on each uncoated seed, wherein the coating layer has a first weight, and wherein the coating layer comprises a reaction product of one or more coating components; partially curing or hardening the coating layer, wherein the arranging step is performed one or more times on the plurality of uncoated seeds to provide a plurality of coated seeds; as well as The plurality of coated seeds are discharged from the coating unit, wherein the plurality of coated seeds have a second germination rate.

14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising a step of performing a final curing or hardening step of the coating layer on each of the plurality of coated seeds, and wherein the performing step occurs before the step of discharging the plurality of coated seeds from the coating unit.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the second germination rate is substantially the same as or greater than the first germination rate.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein the second germination rate is at least 50% of the first germination rate.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more coating components comprise a polyisocyanate and an isocyanate-reactive component, and wherein the step of applying a coating layer further comprises the steps of: injecting the isocyanate-reactive component into a bed of the plurality of uncoated seeds; mixing the isocyanate-reactive component with the plurality of uncoated seeds for about 5 to about 120 seconds; injecting the polyisocyanate into a bed of the plurality of uncoated seeds; tumbling the plurality of uncoated seeds in the coating unit for about 10 seconds to about 300 seconds to allow the isocyanate-reactive component to react with the polyisocyanate; and Liquid wax is injected into the coating units.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the isocyanate-reactive component comprises a polyol.

19. The method of claim 13, wherein the weight of the coating is from about 0.1 wt% to about 20 wt% based on the total weight of the coated seed.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the weight of the coating is from about 0.2 wt% to about 15 wt% based on the total weight of the coated seed.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the weight of the coating is from about 1 wt% to about 10 wt% based on the total weight of the coated seed.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the weight of the coating is from about 0.5 wt% to about 5 wt% based on the total weight of the coated seed.

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