Pre-treatment device for measuring the properties of small seed with flocculation and application to poplar seeds

Abstract

A pre-treatment device with floc seed character measurement, comprising a feeding module, a seed floc separation module, a seed collection module, a circulation switching structure and a floc processing mechanism; the discharge port of the feeding module is connected to the feed port of the seed floc separation module; the seed outlet of the seed floc separation module is connected to the seed inlet of the seed collection module; the floc outlet of the seed floc separation module is connected to the circulation switching structure, under the action of the circulation switching structure, the floc outlet is connected to the feed port of the floc processing mechanism and the feed port of the seed floc separation module respectively; the seed floc separation module is a cyclone separator; the port of the tangential feed pipe on the upper part of the separation cylinder is the feed port of the seed floc separation module, the middle opening of the upper cover on the top of the separation cylinder is the floc outlet, and the opening on the bottom of the separation cone is the seed outlet; the inner wall surface of the cylinder of the cyclone separator is connected to guide vanes; each guide vane forms a continuous vortex channel with a helix angle of 25°-35° in the cylinder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This technical solution relates to a pretreatment device for measuring the characteristics of small, fluffy seeds and its application to poplar seeds, belonging to the field of seed treatment technology in agricultural machinery. Background Technology

[0002] In breeding and forestry production, seed collection and pretreatment are crucial steps that directly affect seed quality, breeding efficiency, and the success rate of subsequent forestry production. However, traditional methods for separating seed fibers have many problems, severely limiting the efficiency and quality of treating small, fiber-laden seeds.

[0003] Taking poplar seeds as an example, traditional methods for separating seeds and fluff mainly include wind selection, screening, chemical treatment, and mechanical separation. While these methods can separate seeds from fluff to some extent, the separation effect is generally unsatisfactory, leading to mixing of seeds and fluff, making it difficult to ensure seed purity and affecting subsequent processing and sowing efficiency. Furthermore, fluff easily floats and spreads during the separation process, causing environmental pollution and even triggering respiratory diseases. More importantly, during multiple separation processes, seeds of different varieties are easily confused, affecting seed purity and causing significant challenges to poplar breeding.

[0004] Therefore, developing an efficient, clean, and accurate pretreatment method for measuring poplar seed traits and a seed-fiber separation device is of great practical significance for improving poplar breeding efficiency, ensuring seed quality, and reducing environmental pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this technical solution proposes a pre-treatment device for poplar seed fluff to measure seed characteristics. This device primarily utilizes a cyclone separator for centrifugal separation, an airflow circulation device to improve separation efficiency, and a poplar fluff washer to prevent air pollution from floating fluff during the separation process. Through the design of the airflow path, seed mixing between different varieties can be avoided. Specifically:

[0006] A pretreatment device for measuring the traits of small seeds with fluff includes a feeding module, a seed fluff separation module, a seed collection module, a circulation switching structure, and a fluff treatment mechanism.

[0007] The discharge port of the feeding module is connected to the inlet of the seed-fiber separation module via a suction device; the seed outlet of the seed-fiber separation module is connected to the seed inlet of the seed collection module; the lint outlet of the seed-fiber separation module is connected to a circulation switching structure (a two-way one-way control valve, one end connected to the seed-fiber separation module and the other end connected to the lint processing mechanism). Under the action of the circulation switching structure, the lint outlet is connected to the inlet of the lint processing mechanism and the inlet of the seed-fiber separation module respectively; a suction device is connected to the inlet of the lint processing mechanism.

[0008] The seed-fiber separation module is a cyclone separator. The cylinder of the cyclone separator consists of a separation cylinder and a separation cone connected from top to bottom. The port of the tangential feed pipe at the top of the separation cylinder is the feed inlet of the seed-fiber separation module. The opening in the middle of the top cover of the separation cylinder is the fibrous outlet, and the opening at the bottom of the separation cone is the seed outlet.

[0009] Guide vanes are connected to the inner wall surface of the cyclone separator cylinder; there are multiple sets of guide vanes, and the guide vanes in the same set are on the same vertical plane; each set of guide vanes is evenly arranged around the axis of the cyclone separator; each guide vane is composed of multiple pairs of guide blades vertically connected to the same blade holder, the spacing between adjacent guide blades is the same, and each blade holder is obliquely downward pointing towards the axis of the cyclone separator; each guide vane forms a continuous vortex channel with a helical angle of 25° to 35° inside the cylinder.

[0010] Furthermore, all components of the pre-seeding and pre-treatment device are connected to the same support structure.

[0011] Specifically, the lint outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the lint collection telescopic module; the lint collection telescopic module is composed of an electric telescopic tube with its bottom opening connected to a duckbill-shaped lint collection tube; the duckbill-shaped lint collection tube has several lint inlet holes; the outer edge of the electric telescopic tube is in close contact with the lint outlet of the cyclone separator, and the top opening of the electric telescopic tube constitutes the lint outlet; the electric telescopic tube can extend telescopically into the cylinder of the cyclone separator along its axis; the position range of the duckbill-shaped lint collection tube's inlet is at least 50mm below the top of the separator cylinder to the bottom of the separator cylinder.

[0012] Specifically, the cyclic switching structure includes: an actuator, a valve seat, and a reversing valve core; the valve seat is a flat plate structure with a gap inside; the reversing valve core is a flat plate structure; the reversing valve core is driven by the actuator to insert or pull out from one end of the gap, and the reversing valve core fits tightly with the gap; two through holes are opened on the valve seat, namely a return port and a lint collection port; a through port is opened on the reversing valve core; as the reversing valve core is inserted or pulled out, the through port aligns with the return port or the lint collection port; the states are: the return port is through, the lint collection port is through, and both the return port and the lint collection port are closed; the lint outlet is connected to the inlet of a three-way pipe, the two outlets of the three-way pipe are respectively connected to two holes on the bottom surface of the valve seat, and the two holes on the top surface of the valve seat are respectively connected to the return pipe and the lint collection pipe, that is, the return port and the lint collection port are respectively connected to the return pipe and the lint collection pipe; the return pipe leads to the feed inlet of the seed and lint separation module, and the lint collection pipe leads to the feed inlet of the lint treatment mechanism.

[0013] Specifically, the seed collection module includes two sieve bodies, an upper sieve body and a lower sieve body. The upper sieve body is equipped with a first layer of screen, which is a coarse screen. The lower sieve body is equipped with a second layer of screen, which is a fine screen. The two sieve bodies are detachably connected, and the first sieve body is detachably connected to the seed outlet. Both layers of screens are connected to a vibration device.

[0014] Specifically, the cavity of the lint treatment mechanism is a cylindrical shape connected to a conical shape; an air outlet pipe is opened at the top of the conical cavity; an annular water spray pipe is connected to the inner wall of the conical cavity, and the annular water spray pipe is connected to the water inlet pipe, with multiple nozzles evenly distributed at the bottom of the annular water spray pipe; the feed inlet of the lint treatment mechanism is on the cylindrical side wall of the cavity; the end of the inclined baffle is connected to the cavity above the feed inlet, the front end of the baffle is inclined downward and below the lower edge of the feed inlet, and baffles are connected to the left and right sides of the baffle, these three plates surround the outer edge of the feed inlet; the lower part of the cylindrical side wall of the cavity is connected to the water outlet pipe, which is below the feed inlet; a spray grid plate and a wet filter plate are connected sequentially from top to bottom inside the cylindrical cavity, with the wet filter plate above the feed inlet.

[0015] Specifically, the suction device connected to the discharge port of the feeding module is a turbine fan, called a separating turbine fan; the suction device connected to the inlet of the lint treatment mechanism is a turbine fan, called a separating turbine fan and a lint-collecting turbine fan.

[0016] Specifically, the cyclone separator is a split-type cyclone separator, which includes: an upper cover, a separation cylinder, and a lower conical hopper (i.e., a separation cone) that are detachably connected in sequence (by screws); the inner walls of the separation cylinder and the separation cone are connected to the guide vanes (array); the seed outlet at the bottom of the conical hopper is connected to the seed collection module through a threaded interface structure; the cyclone separator cylinder has an adjustable structure with a height-to-diameter ratio of 2.5 to 4:1 (the separation cylinder can adopt a detachably connected multi-segment cylinder structure, and the height of the separation cylinder can be adjusted by the number of segments, thereby changing the height / diameter ratio).

[0017] Specifically, the feeding module includes a material cylinder; the material cylinder has a porous cylindrical structure with multiple airflow holes (with a diameter of 1±0.1mm) evenly distributed around its circumference; the material cylinder's outlet end is connected to a flexible material feeding tube, which is equipped with an adjustable air intake port. This port is vertically fixed to the material cylinder cover via a universal joint, which has multi-angle adjustment and horizontal displacement functions.

[0018] The application of a pretreatment device for measuring the characteristics of fluffy small seeds in poplar seeds:

[0019] In the cyclone separator, the blade stalk tilts downward at an angle of 70°±5°; there are 8 groups of guide vanes, each group containing 11 guide vanes distributed equidistantly from top to bottom; the ends of the guide vanes in the same group are connected to the same guide vane fixing frame, which is installed on the inner wall of the cyclone separator; the tip of each guide vane is at the same distance from the axis of the separation cylinder.

[0020] In the seed collection module, the first layer of screen is a coarse screen with an aperture of 9±0.5mm, and the second layer of screen is a fine screen with an aperture of 1±0.2mm.

[0021] The main steps of the pretreatment unit include:

[0022] 1) Preparation stage: Remove impurities from the device;

[0023] 2) Fix the seed-flocculation mixture and start the separation module;

[0024] 3) The centrifugal force of the cyclone separator is used to separate the seeds from the impurities, and the seeds that are not completely separated are separated again through the circulation pipeline;

[0025] 4) The poplar catkins are sent to the poplar catkin washing machine for treatment by a collecting turbine fan to avoid environmental pollution from the poplar catkins;

[0026] 5) Turn off the equipment, collect the seeds, weigh them, and calculate the separation efficiency. This device uses a circulating separation mechanism to improve efficiency, and the poplar catkin washer solves the problem of poplar catkin pollution, balancing efficiency and environmental protection. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention (side and rear view).

[0029] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the feeding module.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the separate module structure;

[0031] Figures 5(a) to 5(c) are schematic diagrams of the component structures of the separate module;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the control valve structure;

[0033] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the telescopic mechanism;

[0034] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the assembly structure of the seed collection module.

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a sieve structure;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a poplar catkin processing (washing) mechanism;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a poplar catkin washer.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Material cylinder, 2. Flexible feeding pipe, 3. Feeding pipe, 4. Telescopic mechanism, 5. Pneumatic control valve, 6. Cyclone separator, 7. Cottonwood washing machine, 8. Seed collection device, 9. Return pipe, 10. Separating turbine fan, 11. T-joint, 12. Flocculent collection pipe, 13. Motor bracket I, 14 (for fixing separating turbine fan 11), 15. Flocculent collection turbine fan, 16. Motor bracket II (for fixing flocculent collection turbine fan 15), 17. Flocculent inlet pipe;

[0039] Airflow hole 101, paired lifting handles 102, barrel cover 103, barrel support 104;

[0040] Telescopic tube assembly 501, stepper motor 502, lint inlet 503, lint suction nozzle 504;

[0041] Pneumatic actuator 601, filtrate collection port 602, valve seat 603, return port 604, reversing valve core 605, control valve body bracket 606;

[0042] 701 Separating cone frame, 702 Separating cone, 703 Separating cylinder, 704 Tangential feed pipe, 705 Top cover, 706 Cap, 707 Guide vane, 708 Guide vane fixing frame, 709 Separating cylinder fixing frame;

[0043] 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 807, 808, 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819 ...

[0044] Collection bin bracket 901, second layer screen 902, second hexagonal locking nut 903, first screen body 904, first layer screen 905, first hexagonal locking nut 906, first vibration motor 907, second vibration motor 908, second screen body 909, spring retainer 910, spring protection plate 911, spring 912, collection bin bracket 913.

[0045] Figure 12(a) is a streamline diagram of the cyclone separator during operation;

[0046] Figure 12(b) is a trajectory diagram of particle 1 moving in the cyclone separator;

[0047] Figure 12(c) is a trajectory diagram of particle 2 moving in the cyclone separator;

[0048] Figure 12(d) is a streamline diagram of particles during the operation of a turbine fan;

[0049] Figure 12(e) shows the trajectory of particles being sucked into the turbine fan. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The invention will be further explained below with reference to specific usage.

[0051] Overview:

[0052] The pretreatment device of the present invention includes a feeding module, a seed and fluff separation module, a fluff collection telescopic module, a seed collection module, a circulation switching structure, and a fluff treatment mechanism.

[0053] The feeding module is connected to the separating turbine blower via a flexible feeding hose; the seed and floc separation module has guide vanes inside, and a duckbill-shaped floc collection telescopic module is located in the center of the cyclone chamber; the seed collection module includes two screens, upper and lower, which are connected by bolts, and has a screen mesh inside that uses spring vibration to screen the seeds; the circulation switching structure is a two-way one-way control valve, with one end connected to the return pipe and the other end connected to the floc collection pipe; the floc treatment mechanism is connected to the circulation switching structure via the floc collection turbine blower.

[0054] Feeding module: The material cylinder has a porous cylindrical structure with airflow holes of 1±0.1mm evenly distributed around its circumference. The flexible hose feed tube is equipped with an adjustable suction port. The adjustable suction port of the flexible feed tube is vertically fixed to the end cap of the material cylinder via a universal joint, and has multi-angle adjustment and horizontal displacement functions.

[0055] Seed-flour separation module: Employs a split-type cyclone separator, comprising a top cover of the separation cylinder connected by screws, a middle separation cylinder, and a lower conical collection hopper. The inner wall of the separation cylinder is equipped with an array of guide vanes. The bottom of the conical collection hopper is connected to the seed collection module via a threaded interface. The cyclone separator cylinder has an adjustable height-to-diameter ratio of 2.5-4:1. The guide vanes consist of 8 sets of blade units at an inclination angle of 70°±5°, each set containing 11 equidistant guide vanes. The blade units are installed on the inner wall of the separation cylinder via snap-fit ​​brackets, forming a continuous vortex channel with a helix angle of 25°-35°.

[0056] Duckbill-shaped flocculation telescopic assembly: The telescopic tube assembly consists of four hollow tubes of equal length with decreasing diameters. A stepper motor-driven lifting mechanism connects the top of the telescopic sleeve to the flocculation collection tube. The duckbill-shaped flocculation collection tube is located at the bottom of the sleeve and is equipped with a micropore array with a pore size of 1±0.05mm. The maximum extension height of the flocculation collection telescopic assembly is equal to the height of the cyclone chamber, and in the retracted state, the top of the assembly maintains a safe distance of 50mm from the top plate of the cyclone chamber.

[0057] The seed collection module has two sieve bodies, one above the other, axially fixed by two hexagonal locking nuts. Each sieve body contains a layer of screen mesh, and four spring vibration mechanisms are evenly fixed around the cylindrical body of each sieve. The first sieve has a coarse screen with an aperture of 9±0.5mm, effectively intercepting large particles such as seed capsules and shells. The second sieve has a fine screen with an aperture of 1±0.2mm, further filtering out residual dust and fine debris from the seeds. The spring vibration mechanism consists of a spring retainer fixed at the top above the screen mesh and at the bottom to the base plate of a spring protection plate (an L-shaped thin plate welded to the cylindrical part of the sieve body). The springs are fixed to the spring retainer below the screen mesh. Four spring vibration devices are evenly fixed around the cylindrical bodies of both the first and second sieve bodies, with an amplitude adjustment range of 1-3mm. In the initial state, the four spring vibration devices are staggered.

[0058] The circulation switching structure is located above the seed and floc separation device. One end of the reversing valve core is inserted into the valve seat and cooperates with the return port and floc collection port inside the valve seat. The other end is controlled by the pneumatic actuator and is connected to the pneumatic actuator through a pin. The valve seat is equipped with a return port and a floc collection port. The return port is connected to the return section through a return pipe. The valve body integrates the return interface and the floc collection interface. The inner diameter of the interface is designed to be the same as that of the pipeline.

[0059] The fluff treatment mechanism has a fluff discharge pipe and a drain pipe at the bottom; an air outlet pipe at the top; and a water inlet pipe fixed to the cone. The water inlet pipe is located on the side, and a fluff inlet pipe is located on the side. One end of the fluff inlet pipe is connected to the fluff collecting turbine fan via a flange and a pipe, and the other end is connected to a slanted baffle plate fixed inside the fluff washer. The water inlet pipe is connected to a ring-shaped spray pipe, with eight nozzles evenly distributed below the ring-shaped spray pipe. The spray grid plate is located below the ring-shaped spray pipe and above the wet filter plate, and is fixed inside the fluff washer. The detachable wet filter plate is located below the spray grid plate and is fixed in the guide chamber of the washer by a ring of fixed limiting blocks and a slot.

[0060] The following explanation uses the treatment of poplar seeds as an example, with reference to the attached diagram:

[0061] As shown in the attached figure, the seed and fluff pretreatment device in this example includes: a feeding module, a seed and fluff separation module, a fluff collection telescopic module, a seed collection module, a circulation switching structure, and a poplar fluff treatment mechanism.

[0062] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The feeding module includes: a material cylinder support 104, a material cylinder cover 103, a pair of lifting handles 102, a material cylinder 1, an airflow hole 101, a flexible material pick-up pipe 2, a material pick-up pipe 3, a separation turbine fan 11, a motor support I 14, and a feed pipe 4.

[0063] The material cylinder is placed above the material cylinder support, with its bottom fixed in the center of the material cylinder support. The material cylinder is cylindrical in shape, with airflow holes of 1 mm in diameter evenly distributed around its perimeter. The material cylinder cover is fixed above the cylindrical material cylinder and located at the top of the material cylinder. Pairs of lifting handles are fixed above the material cylinder cover by welding. The lifting handles are located at the top of the material cylinder cover and are distributed in pairs.

[0064] The air intake of the flexible material take-up tube is vertically fixed on the material cylinder cover and is located in the middle of the pair of lifting handles. The air outlet of the flexible material take-up tube is fixedly connected to one end of the take-up tube by a clamp. The other end of the take-up tube is fixed to the air intake of the separating turbine blower by a flange. The motor part of the separating turbine blower is fixed to the motor bracket I by screws. The motor bracket I is located below the separating turbine blower and is placed on the separating cone frame 701.

[0065] One end of the feed pipe is connected to the outlet of the separator turbine blower 11 via a flange, and the other end of the feed pipe (the outlet of the feed pipe) is fixed to the tangential feed pipe 704 of the cyclone separator 7 via a clamp. The middle section of the feed pipe is connected to one end of the return pipe 10.

[0066] refer to Figure 4 Figures 5(a) to 5(c) show that the seed-flocculation separation module includes a tangential feed pipe 704, a separation cylinder 703, a separation cone 702, a top cover 705, several guide vanes 707, a guide vane fixing frame 708, a separation cylinder fixing frame 709, a separation cone frame 701, and a three-way pipe 12.

[0067] The separating cylinder is located in the middle of the entire pretreatment device and is supported by a separating cone fixing frame. It is fixed to the upper cover 705 with screws at the top and to the separating cone 702 at the bottom. The upper cover is tangential to the tangential feed pipe 704. The separating cone is located below the separating cylinder and is connected to the seed collection device 9 at the bottom by threads. The top cap 706 is located in the middle of the upper cover and is fixed to one end of the three-way pipe 12. The other two ends of the three-way pipe 12 are connected to the return port 604 and the flocculation collection port 602 on the valve seat 603, respectively.

[0068] The guide vane fixing frame 708 is located on the inner wall of the separation cone 702 and the separation cylinder 703, and is used to fix eight sets of guide vanes. The guide vanes are fixed to the inner surface of the separation cone and the separation cylinder by the vane fixing frame. There are eight sets of guide vanes in total, each set containing 11 guide vanes. They are installed on the vane fixing frame at a 70° downward angle and are tightly fixed to the vane fixing frame by the slots. They are evenly installed on the inner wall of the separation cone and the separation cylinder.

[0069] refer to Figure 7The telescopic tube assembly 501 is composed of an electric telescopic sleeve connected to a suction nozzle at the bottom. In this example, the four hollow tubes of the electric telescopic ceramic tube are of the same length and their diameters decrease sequentially. Each tube slides inside the tube in front of it. The lower end of the telescopic tube assembly is connected to the suction nozzle 504, and the upper end of the telescopic tube assembly is connected to the lint collection tube 13 via a stepper motor. The suction nozzle is located below the telescopic tube assembly, and the bottom of the suction nozzle is provided with several lint inlet holes 503.

[0070] In actual operation, the filament collection telescopic module is located in the center of the cyclone separation chamber, and the maximum extension height of the telescopic device is equal to the height of the cyclone separation chamber.

[0071] refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9 The structure of the seed collection device is as follows:

[0072] The first sieve body 904 is located directly below the separating cone 702 and is fixed to the threaded connection part below the separating cone 702 by the first hexagonal locking nut 906; the first sieve body 904 has a first layer of screen 905 fixed inside, and four spring vibration mechanisms are evenly fixed around the cylinder of the first sieve body 904.

[0073] The second sieve body 909 is located below the first sieve body and is fixed to the threaded connection part below the first sieve body by the second hexagonal locking nut 903; the bottom of the second sieve body is fixed on the collection bin bracket 913, and a second layer of screen 902 is fixed inside; four spring vibration mechanisms are fixed in the middle of the bottom of the second sieve body.

[0074] The first vibration motor 907 and the second vibration motor 908 are fixed on the first layer of screen and the second layer of screen, respectively, and are located in the middle of the screen. In this example, the screen holes on the first screen are circular screen holes with a diameter of 9 mm; the screen holes on the second screen are circular screen holes with a diameter of 1 mm.

[0075] refer to Figure 9 The spring vibration mechanism consists of a spring 912, a spring retainer 910, and a spring protection plate 911. The upper end of the spring retainer 910 is fixed above the screen, and the lower end is fixed to the bottom plate of the spring protection plate 911. The spring protection plate 911 is an L-shaped thin plate welded to the cylindrical side wall of the screen body. The spring is fixed to the spring retainer and located below the screen. Four spring vibration devices are evenly fixed around the cylindrical bodies of the first and second screen bodies. In the initial state, the four spring vibration devices are distributed crosswise (i.e., their projections on the bottom surface do not overlap).

[0076] refer to Figure 6 The cycle switching structure includes a return port 604, a flocculation port 602, a flocculation pipe I, a control valve body bracket 606, a reversing valve core 605, a valve seat 603, and a pneumatic actuator 601 (which can be a cylinder).

[0077] refer to Figure 4 The cycle switching structure is located above the seed-flocculation separation module (cyclone separator). One end of the reversing valve core 605 is inserted into the valve seat 603, cooperating with the return port 604 and the floc collection port 602 within the valve seat. The other end is controlled by a pneumatic actuator (piston rod of a cylinder) and connected to the pneumatic actuator via a pin. The pneumatic actuator 601 is fixed on the control valve body bracket 606. The return port 604 is connected to the return section (i.e., returning to the feed inlet of the cyclone separator via a pipeline) through the return pipe 10. The floc collection port 602 is connected to the floc collection section through the floc collection pipe 13. The other end of the floc collection pipe 13 is connected to the intake port of the floc collection turbine blower 15 via a flange.

[0078] In the initial state, the one-way action of the reversing valve core causes the return port to close and the flocculation collection port to open.

[0079] The motor part of the filament collecting turbine fan is fixed to the motor bracket II16 with screws. The motor bracket II16 is located below the filament collecting turbine fan 15 and is placed on the separation cone frame.

[0080] The outlet of the lint-collecting turbine is connected to the lint inlet pipe 17 of the lint-collecting washer 8 via a pipe.

[0081] refer to Figure 10 and Figure 11 The inclined baffle 806 is located inside the poplar catkin washer 8 and is fixed above the inlet 812 of the catkin inlet pipe. The poplar catkin washer 8 is fixed on the washer bracket 802. The bottom of the poplar catkin washer is provided with a catkin discharge pipe 801 and a water outlet pipe 813. The top of the washer is provided with an air outlet pipe 803. The water inlet pipe 804 is fixed on the washer cone and is located on the side of the poplar catkin washer 8. The annular spray pipe 810 is placed inside the washer and is directly connected to the water inlet pipe. Eight nozzles 809 are evenly distributed below the annular spray pipe. The spray grid plate 808 is located below the annular spray pipe and above the wet filter plate 811 and is fixed inside the poplar catkin washer 8. The wet filter plate 811 is fixed in the guide chamber of the washer by a fixed limiting block 807 cooperating with the slot.

[0082] The working principle of this device will be explained below by taking the specific operation of the pretreatment device in the seed-flocculation separation process:

[0083] Action 1:

[0084] Connect the water flow to the inlet pipe 804 of the poplar catkin cleaner, turn on the separating turbine fan 11 and the collecting turbine fan 15, and run them for a period of time (e.g., one minute) to remove some impurities and dust from the pretreatment device through airflow circulation.

[0085] Turn off both fans and shut off the water flow from inlet pipe 804;

[0086] Action Two:

[0087] The material cylinder 1 on the material cylinder support 104 contains a completely dried poplar seed fluff mixture; the flexible material take-up pipe 2 is connected to the material cylinder cover 103, ensuring a tight connection;

[0088] Action 3:

[0089] Open the first vibration motor 907 and the second vibration motor 908 inside the seed collection device 9 fixed below the separation cone 702;

[0090] Adjust the pneumatic actuator 601 to keep the return port 604 in the valve seat 603 open; adjust the telescopic mechanism 5 to a certain height so that it can effectively introduce the poplar fluff into the fluff-absorbing duckbill 504; turn on the separating turbine fan 11 to start the separation operation.

[0091] Action 4:

[0092] The poplar seed flocs are fed through the feed pipe 3 and the separation turbine fan 11, and then through the feed pipe 4 into the cyclone separator 7. The seed flocs are separated by centrifugal force after passing through the separator guide vanes 707.

[0093] The seeds fall through the first sieve 905 and onto the second sieve 902 inside the seed collection device 9 below;

[0094] Impurities smaller than the seed, such as seed coat and dust, fall through the sieve holes of the second sieve 902 into the bottom of the second sieve body 909;

[0095] Incompletely separated seed-flocculation mixtures will re-enter the cyclone separator 7 through the circulation pipe (i.e., return pipe 10) for further separation;

[0096] Action 5:

[0097] After a period of separation (e.g., ten minutes), turn on the water flow from the inlet pipe 804;

[0098] Adjust the pneumatic actuator 601 to its initial position, at which point the flocculation port 602 opens.

[0099] Adjust the telescopic mechanism 5, turn on the fluff-collecting turbine fan 15, and the separated poplar fluff enters the poplar fluff washer 8 for processing through the fluff inlet hole 503 on the fluff-collecting duckbill 504, via the telescopic mechanism 5, under the action of the fluff-collecting turbine fan 15.

[0100] Inside the poplar catkin washer, water flows into the annular spray pipe 810 through the inlet pipe 804, and falls into the bottom of the poplar catkin washer 8 through the spray grid plate 808. The wastewater containing poplar catkins is discharged from the outlet pipe 813 of the washer, thus avoiding the impact of poplar catkins on the ambient air.

[0101] Action Six:

[0102] After all the poplar catkins in the device have been collected, shut off the water flow from the inlet pipe 804, the separation turbine fan 11, the catkin collecting turbine fan 15, and the telescopic mechanism 5.

[0103] Action Seven:

[0104] Remove the seed collection device 9 from under the separation cone, turn off the vibration motor, and stop the equipment from running;

[0105] Action 8:

[0106] Discard the capsules and other shells from the first sieve 905, keeping the seeds on the second sieve 902. Remove the seeds from the second sieve 902 and weigh them. Then, invert the second sieve 909 to remove dust and other impurities through the sieve openings.

[0107] Action Nine:

[0108] Record the mass of the seeds obtained from the separation and calculate the efficiency of seed separation from one kilogram of completely dried poplar capsules.

[0109]

[0110] Continue processing the completely dried seed-flocculation mixture using the steps described above until all samples have been processed.

[0111] Beneficial effects and principles

[0112] 1) The core of this device for seed-flocculation separation is the use of a cyclone separator, which has an internal 70° guide plate. The inclined angle guides the airflow to form a stable spiral vortex. The seed-flocculation aggregate enters the cyclone separator under the drive of the turbine fan and is separated by centrifugal force.

[0113] Due to their high density and inertia, the seeds are thrown against the wall of the container and fall down along the wall, passing through the screen and entering the seed collection chamber. Incompletely separated seed-fiber aggregates and light impurities (such as poplar fluff and seed coats) rise with the airflow and enter the circulation pipe through the return port of the control valve body to participate in the separation again, ensuring efficient utilization.

[0114] In the experiment, the Fluent fluid simulation tool was used to simulate the motion of particles in the turbine fan and cyclone separator when the airflow velocity was 12 m / s, as shown in Figures 12(a) to 12(e).

[0115] 2) The air collection pipe at the top of the cyclone separator is equipped with a two-way valve, which can effectively prevent the backflow of poplar fluff and realize secondary separation of seed fluff, ensuring the continuity of the separation process and further improving the separation effect.

[0116] 3) The seed collection chamber of this device is equipped with a double-layer vibrating screen. For small particles such as poplar seeds, which are about 2.7 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, and 0.4 mm thick, the first layer of screen has a diameter of 9 mm, which can better intercept large particles of impurities such as capsule shells. The second layer of screen has a diameter of 1 mm, which can further filter out residual dust and fine debris in the seeds, ensuring the purity of the seeds. The screens are fixed together by bolts, which makes it easy to disassemble, clean, or replace the screens.

[0117] 4) The poplar catkin washing device has 8 evenly distributed nozzles placed on a ring-shaped water spray pipe. Combined with a spray-type grid plate, the water flow can evenly cover the surface of the poplar catkins. An inclined baffle is set above the catkin discharge pipe to force the poplar catkins to flow downwards. The poplar catkins are settled, collected and discharged in a directional manner by water flow rinsing, which greatly reduces the pollution of the ambient air by the poplar catkins floating during the seed-catkin separation process.

[0118] 5) This device mainly uses the centrifugal force of a cyclone separator to separate seed flocs. There is a turbine fan at both the front and back of the cyclone separator, which can quickly clean the device after one separation. During multiple separation processes, it can ensure the accurate separation of a single variety of seeds and avoid confusion between different varieties of seeds.

Claims

1. A pretreatment device for measuring the traits of small, fluffy seeds, characterized in that: It includes a feeding module, a seed and fluff separation module, a seed collection module, a circulation switching structure, and a fluff processing mechanism; The discharge port of the feeding module is connected to the inlet of the seed-fiber separation module through a suction device; The seed outlet of the seed separation module is connected to the seed inlet of the seed collection module; The fluff outlet of the seed-floss separation module is connected to a circulation switching structure. Under the action of the circulation switching structure, the fluff outlet is connected to the feed inlet of the fluff processing mechanism and the feed inlet of the seed-floss separation module respectively. A suction device is connected to the feed inlet of the fluff processing mechanism. The seed-fiber separation module is a cyclone separator. The cylinder of the cyclone separator consists of a separation cylinder and a separation cone connected from top to bottom. The port of the tangential feed pipe at the top of the separation cylinder is the feed inlet of the seed-fiber separation module. The opening in the middle of the top cover of the separation cylinder is the fibrous outlet, and the opening at the bottom of the separation cone is the seed outlet. Guide vanes are connected to the inner wall surface of the cyclone separator cylinder; there are multiple sets of guide vanes, with vanes in the same set on the same vertical plane; each set of guide vanes is evenly arranged around the axis of the cyclone separator; each guide vane is composed of multiple pairs of guide blades vertically connected to the same blade stalk, with the spacing between adjacent guide blades being the same, and each blade stalk pointing obliquely downwards towards the axis of the cyclone separator; each guide vane forms a continuous vortex channel with a helical angle of 25° to 35° inside the cylinder; in the cyclone separator, the downward tilt angle of the blade stalk is 70° ± 5°; there are 8 sets of guide vanes, with 11 guide vanes in each set distributed equidistantly from top to bottom; The cyclone separator is a split-type cyclone separator, which includes: a top cover, a separation cylinder, and a lower conical hopper that are detachably connected in sequence; the inner walls of the separation cylinder and the separation cone are connected to the guide vanes; the seed outlet at the bottom of the conical hopper is connected to the seed collection module through a threaded interface structure; the cyclone separator cylinder has an adjustable height-to-diameter ratio of 2.5 to 4:

1. The lint outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the lint collection telescopic module; The lint collection telescopic module is composed of an electric telescopic tube with an opening at the bottom connected to a duckbill-shaped lint collection tube; the duckbill-shaped lint collection tube has several lint inlet holes; the outer edge of the electric telescopic tube is in close contact with the lint outlet of the cyclone separator, and the opening at the top of the electric telescopic tube constitutes the lint outlet. The electric telescopic tube extends telescopically into the cylinder of the cyclone separator along its axis; The suction port of the duckbill-shaped floc collecting tube is located at least 50mm below the top of the separation cylinder to the bottom of the separation cylinder; The cavity of the lint treatment mechanism is cylindrical with a conical top; An air outlet is provided at the top of the conical cavity; an annular water spray pipe is connected to the inner wall of the conical cavity, the annular water spray pipe is connected to the water inlet pipe, and multiple nozzles are evenly distributed at the bottom of the annular water spray pipe. The feed inlet of the lint treatment mechanism is on the cylindrical side wall of the cavity; the end of the inclined baffle is connected in the cavity above the feed inlet, the front end of the baffle is inclined downward and below the lower edge of the feed inlet, and baffles are connected on the left and right sides of the baffle. These three plates surround the outer edge of the feed inlet; the lower part of the cylindrical side wall of the cavity is connected to the water outlet pipe, which is below the feed inlet. Inside the cylindrical cavity, a spray grid plate and a wet filter plate are connected sequentially from top to bottom, with the wet filter plate located above the feed inlet.

2. The pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: All components of the pre-seeding and pre-treatment device are connected to the same support structure.

3. The pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cyclic switching structure includes: actuator, valve seat, and directional valve core; The valve seat is a flat plate structure with a gap inside; the directional valve core is a flat plate structure; the directional valve core is driven by the actuator to insert or pull out from one end of the gap, and the directional valve core fits tightly with the gap. The valve seat has two through holes, one for return flow and one for flocculation collection; the reversing valve core has one through hole; as the reversing valve core is inserted or pulled out, the through hole aligns with the return flow or flocculation collection; the states are: the return flow is through, the flocculation collection is through, and both the return flow and the flocculation collection are closed. The lint outlet is connected to the inlet of a three-way pipe. The two outlets of the three-way pipe are respectively connected to two holes on the bottom surface of the valve seat. The two holes on the top surface of the valve seat are respectively connected to the return pipe and the lint collection pipe. That is, the return port and the lint collection port are respectively connected to the return pipe and the lint collection pipe. The return pipe leads to the inlet of the seed-floc separation module, and the floc collection pipe leads to the inlet of the lint treatment mechanism.

4. The pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed collection module includes two sieve bodies, an upper sieve body and a lower sieve body. The upper sieve body is equipped with a first layer of screen, which is a coarse screen. The lower sieve body is equipped with a second layer of screen, which is a fine screen. The two sieve bodies are detachably connected, and the first sieve body is detachably connected to the seed outlet; Both layers of screens are connected to vibration devices.

5. The pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is connected to... The suction device at the discharge port of the feeding module is a turbine fan, called a separation turbine fan; The suction device connected to the feed inlet of the lint treatment mechanism is a turbine fan, called a separating turbine fan or a lint-collecting turbine fan.

6. The pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding module includes a material cylinder; the material cylinder has a porous cylindrical structure with multiple airflow holes evenly distributed around its circumference. The discharge port of the material cylinder is connected to a flexible material feeding tube, which is equipped with an adjustable air intake port. This port is vertically fixed to the material cylinder cover via a universal joint, which has multi-angle adjustment and horizontal displacement functions.

7. The application of the pretreatment device for measuring the characteristics of fluffy small seeds as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 in poplar seeds, characterized in that... In a cyclone separator, the ends of the guide vanes in the same group are connected to the same guide vane holder, which is installed on the inner wall of the cyclone separator; the beginning of each guide vane is at the same distance from the axis of the separation cylinder. In the seed collection module, the first layer of screen is a coarse screen with an aperture of 9±0.5mm, and the second layer of screen is a fine screen with an aperture of 1±0.2mm.

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