Returnable cutter head with separation ring and full-section tunnel boring machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a returnable cutter head with a separation ring and a full-section tunnel boring machine, and the returnable cutter head comprises a shell which is internally provided with a retraction space, the center of the shell is provided with a center shaft, and the center shaft can rotate and move along the axis of the center shaft; the cutterhead is connected with the central shaft, and the peripheral contour of the cutterhead is smaller than the retraction space, so that the cutterhead can retract into the retraction space along with the central shaft; and the center ring sleeves the periphery of the cutter head, can synchronously rotate along with the cutter head, and can retreat along with the cutter head until the center ring abuts against the end face of the shell and then is separated from the cutter head. Through the synchronous rotation and automatic separation mechanism of the center ring and the cutterhead, the rollback operation is simplified, manual intervention is reduced, so that the construction efficiency is improved, a worker does not need to enter the tunnel to disassemble the cutterhead, the construction risk is reduced, the worker is also prevented from entering the tunnel to disassemble the cutterhead, and the construction risk is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cutterhead tunnel boring machines, and in particular to a retractable cutterhead with a separation ring and a full-face tunnel boring machine. Background Art

[0002] The construction process of a full-face tunnel boring machine (TBM) usually covers three stages: equipment launch, normal excavation, and host reception. Before the equipment arrives at the predetermined location, it is usually necessary to prepare a receiving well in advance to facilitate the reception of the equipment. With the continuous expansion of urban pipeline construction, especially in densely populated urban core areas, the space of the receiving well is often limited, which makes it difficult to implement the traditional host reception method.

[0003] In the design of full-face tunnel boring machines, in order to ensure the continuity and efficiency of excavation, the excavation diameter of the cutterhead is usually slightly larger than the diameter of the shield. This design means that when the main machine needs to retract, the shield will hinder the retraction of the cutterhead. The traditional solution is to manually disassemble the cutterhead partially to reduce the diameter of the cutterhead so that it can retract smoothly. However, this method is complicated to operate and has low retraction efficiency. Especially when the tunnel diameter is small, it is difficult for personnel to enter the tunnel for disassembly work, which further increases the difficulty and risk of construction. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention provides a retractable cutterhead with a separation ring and a full-face tunnel boring machine.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A retractable cutterhead with a separation ring and a full-face tunnel boring machine, comprising: an outer shell, in which a retraction space is provided, with a central shaft installed at the center, the central shaft being able to rotate and move along its own axis; a cutterhead connected to the central shaft, with an outer peripheral contour smaller than the retraction space so as to be able to retract into the retraction space along with the central shaft; a central ring, which is sleeved on the outer periphery of the cutterhead and can rotate synchronously with the cutterhead, and can retreat with the cutterhead until the central ring abuts against the end face of the outer shell and then separates from the cutterhead.

[0007] Furthermore, a gauge-maintaining cutter is installed on the end surface of the center ring facing away from the outer shell.

[0008] Furthermore, a first wedging cone surface is provided on the outer periphery of the cutter disc, and a second wedging cone surface is provided on the inner periphery of the center ring in contact with the first wedging cone surface, and the second wedging cone surface narrows toward an end facing away from the outer shell.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner peripheral wall of the center ring is provided with a protrusion, and the cutter disc is provided with an inlay for the protrusion to be embedded.

[0010] Furthermore, the end of the central axis is connected with a force transmission part, and the force transmission part is connected and fixed to the cutter disc through a connecting part.

[0011] Furthermore, a slag discharge channel is provided at the bottom of the retraction space.

[0012] Furthermore, an accommodating opening is provided on the circumferential side of the center ring, and a tightening block is hinged in the accommodating opening. The tightening block has a contracted state and an expanded state. In the contracted state, the tightening block is contracted in the accommodating opening, and in the expanded state, the tightening block partially protrudes out of the outer peripheral wall of the center ring of the cutter disc. When the cutter disc and the center ring are separated and produce relative movement, the cutter disc can drive the tightening block to move from the contracted state to the expanded state and when the cutter disc and the center ring are completely separated, the tightening block has reached the expanded state.

[0013] Furthermore, the tightening block includes a center circle block, a plurality of driven convex teeth are arranged around the peripheral wall of the center circle block, a transmission gear is rotatably installed at the bottom of the accommodating port, the bottom of the transmission gear protrudes out of the accommodating port, and a row of active convex teeth are provided on the outer periphery of the cutter disc, the bottom of the transmission gear is meshed with the active convex teeth, and the top is meshed with the driven convex teeth, so as to drive the tightening block to rotate when the cutter disc approaches or separates from the center ring.

[0014] Furthermore, when the clamping block is in the expanded state, a driven convex tooth at one end of the clamping block is in the tooth groove of the transmission gear; when the clamping block is in the retracted state, a driven convex tooth at the other end of the clamping block is in the tooth groove of the transmission gear; a mounting block and a limit block are provided in the accommodating port to limit the swing of the clamping block between the mounting block and the limit block; the clamping blocks in the retracted state and the expanded state are respectively close to the mounting block and the limit block, and there is a gap between the clamping block and the mounting block in the retracted state; the clamping block in the retracted state can move toward the mounting block to the avoidance state, and all the driven convex teeth on the clamping block in the avoidance state are completely disengaged from the tooth groove of the transmission gear to avoid the rotation coverage range of the transmission gear; a reset column is elastically and movably installed on the mounting block, and the reset column is used to push the clamping block in the avoidance state to return to the retracted state.

[0015] Furthermore, a movable hole is provided on the mounting block, and the reset column is elastically and movably installed in the movable hole. A column head is provided at one end of the reset column facing the tightening block, and the other end passes through the movable hole and is connected to a nut. A compression spring is sleeved on the middle part of the reset column, and one end of the compression spring is against the column head, and the other end is against the mounting block.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] By designing a cutterhead that can be retracted into the retraction space along with the center axis, the present invention allows the tunnel boring machine to achieve the retraction of the main machine without disassembling the cutterhead, greatly reducing the demand for receiving well space, allowing the equipment to smoothly carry out construction in space-constrained environments such as urban core areas. When traditional tunnel boring machines need to retract, they often need to manually partially disassemble the cutterhead, a process that is not only complicated to operate, but also time-consuming and labor-intensive. The present invention simplifies the retraction operation and reduces manual intervention through the synchronous rotation and automatic separation mechanism of the center ring and the cutterhead, thereby improving construction efficiency, and does not require personnel to enter the tunnel to disassemble the cutterhead, thereby reducing construction risks. It also avoids personnel entering the tunnel to disassemble the cutterhead, thereby reducing construction risks.

[0018] In addition to the above-described purposes, features and advantages, the present invention has other purposes, features and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 is an internal cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the cutter disc and the center ring;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the cutter disc and the center ring;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the cutter disc and the center ring;

[0024] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Sectional view at AA;

[0025] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A magnified view of point B;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the support block in the avoidance state;

[0027] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Enlarged view of point C;

[0028] Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the tensioning block in the expanded state;

[0029] Fig.10It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the cutter disc, the support block and the transmission gear.

[0030] Legend:

[0031] The housing 100, the retracting space 110, the force transmission part 111, the connecting part 112, the central axis 120, and the slag discharge channel 130;

[0032] The cutter disc 200, the first wedging cone surface 210, the inlay 220, the active convex teeth 230, and the main cutter 240;

[0033] Center ring 300, gauge tool 310, second wedging cone 320, convex block 330, receiving opening 340, transmission gear 350, tooth groove 351, mounting block 360, movable hole 361, reset column 370, column head 371, nut 372, compression spring 373, and limit block 380;

[0034] The tightening block 400 , the central circular block 410 , and the driven convex teeth 411 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0038] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0039] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a retractable cutterhead with a separation ring and a full-face tunnel boring machine include a housing 100, a cutterhead 200, and a center ring 300.

[0040] A retraction space 110 is provided in the outer shell 100, and a central shaft 120 is installed at the center of the outer shell 100. The central shaft 120 can rotate and move along its own axis; the rear end of the central shaft 120 is usually connected to a mobile platform so as to be driven by the mobile platform to move along its own axis, thereby extending and retracting back and forth; a rotating drive mechanism is also provided on the mobile platform to drive the central shaft 120 to rotate, and the rotating drive mechanism can be a motor or a rotating cylinder.

[0041] The cutter disc 200 is connected to the central shaft 120 , and the outer periphery of the cutter disc 200 is smaller than the retraction space 110 so that the cutter disc 200 can be retracted into the retraction space 110 along with the central shaft 120 .

[0042] The center ring 300 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the cutter disc 200 and can rotate synchronously with the cutter disc 200. The center ring 300 can retreat with the cutter disc 200 until the center ring 300 abuts against the end surface of the outer shell 100 and is separated from the cutter disc 200. At the beginning, the center ring 300 can retreat with the cutter disc 200 until the center ring 300 abuts against the end surface of the outer shell 100. The center ring 300 is interfered by the outer shell 100 and cannot retreat with the cutter disc 200, thereby achieving separation from the cutter disc 200.

[0043] The present invention provides a retractable cutterhead with a separation ring and a full-face tunnel boring machine, which allows the tunnel boring machine to achieve the retraction of the main machine without disassembling the cutterhead, greatly reducing the demand for receiving well space, so that the equipment can smoothly carry out construction in space-constrained environments such as urban core areas. When a traditional tunnel boring machine needs to be retracted, it is often necessary to manually partially disassemble the cutterhead 200, which is not only complicated to operate, but also time-consuming and labor-intensive. The present invention simplifies the retraction operation and reduces manual intervention through the synchronous rotation and automatic separation mechanism of the center ring 300 and the cutterhead 200, thereby improving construction efficiency, and does not require personnel to enter the tunnel to disassemble the cutterhead, reducing construction risks, and also avoiding personnel from entering the tunnel to disassemble the cutterhead, reducing construction risks. Since the need for manual disassembly and reassembly of the cutterhead is reduced, the present invention helps to reduce maintenance costs and equipment downtime, further improving the economic efficiency of construction. The tunnel boring machine can adapt to more geological and environmental conditions, especially in the construction of urban underground pipelines, and can flexibly respond to various construction challenges.

[0044] Reference Figure 2 In some embodiments of the present invention, a diameter-guaranteed cutter 310 is installed on the end surface of the center ring 300 facing away from the outer shell 100, so that the excavation radius is guaranteed and the excavation effect is not affected by the lack of a cutter at the center ring 300.

[0045] Reference Figure 1 In some embodiments of the present invention, the outer periphery of the cutter head 200 is provided with a first wedging cone surface 210, and the inner periphery of the center ring 300 is provided with a second wedging cone surface 320 aligned with the first wedging cone surface 210, and the second wedging cone surface 320 is narrowed toward the end facing away from the housing 100, so that when the center ring 300 is screwed in and excavated, the reaction force is applied to the cutter head 200 to make it closer to the cutter head 200, and the first wedging cone surface 210 and the second wedging cone surface 320 are used to achieve a tight fit. It is understandable that the excavation end surface of the cutter head 200 is also provided with a main cutter 240.

[0046] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of the present invention, the inner wall of the center ring 300 is provided with a protrusion 330, and the cutter head 200 is provided with an inlay 220 for the protrusion 330 to be inserted into. The protrusion 330 is inserted into the inlay 220 to achieve torque transmission, so that the cutter head 200 can drive the center ring 300 to rotate synchronously. It can be understood that the protrusion 330 and the inlay 220 can be arranged in multiple groups around to achieve multi-position force transmission and avoid damage to the protrusion 330 caused by excessive stress concentration.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 In some embodiments of the present invention, the end of the central shaft 120 is connected to a force transmission part 111, and the force transmission part 111 can be connected to the central shaft 120 through a key to achieve torque transmission. The force transmission part 111 is sleeved on the central shaft 120, and the central shaft 120 is usually a stepped shaft. The shoulder of the stepped shaft can be used with a limit nut to achieve axial positioning and fixation of the force transmission part 111. The force transmission part 111 is connected and fixed to the cutter head 200 through a connecting part 112. The connecting part 112 can be a connecting rod and a plurality of connecting parts are arranged around and spaced to achieve multi-position connection and stability of the connection.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 In some embodiments of the present invention, a slag discharge channel 130 is provided at the bottom of the retraction space 110, and a pump can be connected to the rear end of the slag discharge channel 130 to realize slag discharge pumping and discharge the mud formed by excavation.

[0049] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4In some embodiments of the present invention, a receiving opening 340 is provided on the circumferential side of the center ring 300, and a tightening block 400 is hinged in the receiving opening 340. The tightening block 400 and the inner wall of the receiving opening 340 are provided with corresponding holes for being hinged through a hinge shaft (not shown in the figure). The tightening block 400 has a contracted state and an expanded state. The contracted tightening block 400 is contracted in the receiving opening 340. When the blade disc 200 and the center ring 300 are separated and produce relative movement, the blade disc 200 can drive the tightening block 400 to move from the contracted state to the expanded state. When the blade disc 200 and the center ring 300 are completely separated, the tightening block 400 has reached the expanded state. Figure 6 As shown, the tightening block 400 in the expanded state partially protrudes from the outer peripheral wall of the center ring 300 of the cutter head 200, thereby pressing against the inner wall of the tunnel, so that the center ring 300 can be tightly connected to the inner wall of the tunnel after being separated from the cutter head 200, reducing the possibility of the center ring 300 shaking, tilting or even overturning after being separated from the cutter head 200. Figure 5 As shown, the tightening block 400 in the retracted state is retracted in the receiving opening 340 and does not affect the normal operation of the cutter head 200 during rotation and excavation.

[0050] It is understandable that in order to achieve annular tightening of the inner wall of the tunnel, multiple groups of tightening blocks 400 and accommodating openings 340 are arranged around the tunnel, thereby tightening the inner wall of the tunnel at multiple circumferential positions, so that after the tightening blocks 400 are opened, the position of the center ring 300 is stable.

[0051] Reference Figure 5 and Fig.10 In a further embodiment of the present invention, the tension block 400 includes a central circular block 410, and a plurality of driven convex teeth 411 are arranged around the peripheral wall of the central circular block 410. A hinge hole is provided at the center of the central circular block 410 to be hinged in the receiving opening 340. A transmission gear 350 is rotatably installed at the bottom of the receiving opening 340, and a row of active convex teeth 230 are provided on the outer periphery of the cutter disc 200. The bottom of the transmission gear 350 meshes with the active convex teeth 230, and the bottom of the transmission gear 350 protrudes out of the receiving opening 340 to facilitate meshing with the active convex teeth 230; the top of the transmission gear 350 meshes with the driven convex teeth 411, so as to drive the tension block 400 to rotate when the cutter disc 200 and the center ring 300 are close to or separated.

[0052] Reference Figure 5 and Fig. 9In some embodiments of the present invention, when the tightening block 400 is in the expanded state, a driven convex tooth 411 at one end of the tightening block 400 is in the tooth groove of the transmission gear 350; when the tightening block 400 is in the contracted state, a driven convex tooth 411 at the other end of the tightening block 400 is in the tooth groove of the transmission gear 350; that is, a row of driven convex teeth 411 on the tightening block 400, whether in the contracted state or the expanded state, has at least one driven convex tooth 411 in the tooth groove 351 of the transmission gear 350, so that the tightening block 400 can be driven to rotate by the rotation of the transmission gear 350, thereby avoiding the driven convex tooth 411 from being disengaged from the transmission gear 350 in the contracted state and the expanded state, resulting in the state being unable to be switched. A mounting block 360 and a limiting block 380 are provided in the accommodating opening 340 to limit the swinging of the tightening block 400 between the mounting block 360 and the limiting block 380; the tightening block 400 in the contracted state and the expanded state are respectively close to the mounting block 360 and the limiting block 380, and there is a gap between the tightening block 400 in the contracted state and the mounting block 360, so that the tightening block 400 in the contracted state still has space to move toward the mounting block 360, and the tightening block 400 in the expanded state is in contact with the limiting block 380, thereby ensuring that when the tightening block 400 is in the expanded state, it has no tendency to continue to move away from the contracted state The tension block 400 in the retracted state can move toward the mounting block 360 to the avoidance state, and all the driven convex teeth 411 on the tension block 400 in the avoidance state completely disengage from the tooth groove 351 of the transmission gear 350 to avoid the rotation coverage range of the transmission gear 350, that is, when the transmission gear 350 drives the tension block 400 to the retracted state, the transmission gear 350 moves all the driven convex teeth 411 to one side of the top of the transmission gear 350. In the normal state, after the cutter disc 200 is completely separated from the center ring 300, the tension block 400 will remain in the extended state. When the cutter disc 200 approaches the center ring 300, the active convex teeth 230 on the cutter disc 200 drives the transmission gear 350 to rotate clockwise, and the transmission gear 350 drives the driven convex teeth 411 to rotate counterclockwise until reaching the center ring 300. Figure 5 In the state shown, the blade disc 200 and the center ring 300 are completely closed; however, since the tension block 400 in the expanded state has space to move toward the contracted state and is not limited by the active convex teeth 230 on the blade disc 200 at this time, the tension block 400 may move toward the contracted state within a certain range. At this time, when the blade disc 200 approaches the center ring 300, the tension block 400 has reached the contracted state before the blade disc 200 and the center ring 300 are completely closed. At this time, when the blade disc 200 and the center ring 300 continue to move until they are completely closed, the tension block 400 will be driven to move to the avoidance state, thereby achieving the state shown in FIG. Figure 7 and Figure 8In the state shown, even if the transmission gear 350 rotates, it cannot drive the driven convex teeth 411 and the clamping block 400 to rotate. The clamping block 400 in the avoidance state has a gap or fits with the mounting block 360, thereby preventing the clamping block 400 from being unstable in the open state and causing excessive and uncontrolled movement of the clamping block 400 when the cutter disc 200 and the center ring 300 are closed. However, if the clamping block 400 is in the avoidance state for a long time, since all the driven convex teeth 411 are completely separated from the tooth grooves 351 of the transmission gear 350, when the cutter disc 200 and the center ring 300 separate and move, it will not drive The tensioning block 400 moves toward the expanded state, and for this purpose, a reset column 370 is elastically and movably installed on the mounting block 360. The reset column 370 is used to push the tensioning block 400 in the avoidance state to return to the contracted state, so that the movement of the tensioning block 400 in the contracted state toward the avoidance state is an elastic movement. The reset column 370 always applies an elastic force so that at least one driven convex tooth 411 is in the tooth groove 351, so that when the cutter disc 200 and the center ring 300 separate and move, the transmission gear 350 rotates to drive the tensioning block 400 to move toward the expanded state, thereby making the state switching effective. When the cutter disc 200 and the center ring 300 are completely close to each other and closed, the tension block 400 will be in a state between the contracted state and the avoided state or a state between the two states, so that after the cutter disc 200 and the center ring 300 are completely separated, the tension block 400 can move to the expanded state or a state close to the expanded state, and because in the contracted state, the active convex tooth 230 and the transmission gear 350 are still in a meshing state, the transmission gear 350 is restricted by the active convex tooth 230, so that the position state of the transmission gear 350 and the tension block 400 is stable and will not deviate, When the cutter disc 200 is separated from the center ring 300, the initial state of the tightening block 400 is stable, so that it will not float at will, so that when the tightening block 400 moves to the expanded state and abuts against the limit block 380, the active convex tooth 230 and the transmission gear 350 are completely separated, and there will be no transmission coordination, so as to avoid that when the tightening block 400 moves to the expanded state and abuts against the limit block 380, the active convex tooth 230 and the transmission gear 350 are not completely separated, resulting in the cutter disc 200 being unable to continue to separate from the center ring 300 and being stuck, so that the cutter disc 200 and the center ring 300 cannot be completely separated.

[0053] Reference Figure 6 In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a movable hole 361 is provided on the mounting block 360, and a reset column 370 is elastically and movably installed in the movable hole 361. A column head 371 is provided at one end of the reset column 370 facing the tightening block 400, and a nut 372 is connected to the other end through the movable hole 361 to prevent the reset column 370 from being separated from the movable hole 361. A compression spring 373 is sleeved in the middle of the reset column 370, and one end of the compression spring 373 abuts against the column head 371, and the other end abuts against the mounting block 360, thereby providing an elastic force for the reset column 370.

[0054] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A retractable cutterhead with a separation ring and a full-face tunnel boring machine, characterized in that: include: The housing (100) is provided with a retractable space (110) therein, and a central shaft (120) is installed at the center, wherein the central shaft (120) can rotate and move along its own axis; The cutter disc (200) is connected to the central shaft (120) and has an outer periphery smaller than the retraction space (110) so as to be retracted into the retraction space (110) along with the central shaft (120); The center ring (300) is sleeved on the outer circumference of the cutter disc (200) and can rotate synchronously with the cutter disc (200), and can retreat with the cutter disc (200) until the center ring (300) abuts against the end surface of the outer shell (100) and then separates from the cutter disc (200).

2. The retractable cutterhead with a separation ring and a full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gauge-keeping cutter (310) is installed on the end surface of the center ring (300) facing away from the housing (100).

3. The retractable cutterhead with a separation ring and a full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer periphery of the cutter disc (200) is provided with a first wedging conical surface (210), and the inner periphery of the center ring (300) is provided with a second wedging conical surface (320) connected to the first wedging conical surface (210), wherein the second wedging conical surface (320) narrows toward an end facing away from the outer shell (100).

4. The retractable cutterhead with a separation ring and a full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner peripheral wall of the center ring (300) is provided with a protrusion (330), and the cutter disc (200) is provided with an embedding opening (220) for embedding the protrusion (330).

5. The retractable cutterhead with a separation ring and a full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the central shaft (120) is connected to a force transmission portion (111), and the force transmission portion (111) is connected and fixed to the cutter disc (200) via a connection portion (112).

6. The retractable cutterhead with a separation ring and a full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A slag discharge channel (130) is provided at the bottom of the retraction space (110).

7. The retractable cutterhead with a separation ring and a full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central ring (300) is provided with an accommodating opening (340) on the circumferential side thereof, and a tightening block (400) is hinged in the accommodating opening (340), and the tightening block (400) has a contracted state and an expanded state. In the contracted state, the tightening block (400) is contracted in the accommodating opening (340), and in the expanded state, the tightening block (400) partially protrudes from the outer peripheral wall of the central ring (300) of the cutter disc (200). When the cutter disc (200) and the central ring (300) are separated and produce relative movement, the cutter disc (200) can drive the tightening block (400) to move from the contracted state to the expanded state, and when the cutter disc (200) and the central ring (300) are completely separated, the tightening block (400) has reached the expanded state.

8. The retractable cutterhead with a separation ring and a full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The tightening block (400) comprises a central circular block (410), and a plurality of driven convex teeth (411) are arranged around the peripheral wall of the central circular block (410). A transmission gear (350) is rotatably mounted at the bottom of the accommodating opening (340), and the bottom of the transmission gear (350) protrudes out of the accommodating opening (340). A row of active convex teeth (230) are arranged on the outer periphery of the cutter disc (200), and the bottom of the transmission gear (350) is meshed with the active convex teeth (230), and the top of the transmission gear (350) is meshed with the driven convex teeth (411), so as to drive the tightening block (400) to rotate when the cutter disc (200) and the central ring (300) are close to or separated.

9. The retractable cutterhead with a separation ring and a full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the tightening block (400) is in an extended state, a driven convex tooth (411) at one end of the tightening block (400) is located in the tooth groove of the transmission gear (350); when the tightening block (400) is in a retracted state, a driven convex tooth (411) at the other end of the tightening block (400) is located in the tooth groove of the transmission gear (350); a mounting block (360) and a limiting block (380) are provided in the accommodating opening (340) to limit the swing of the tightening block (400) between the mounting block (360) and the limiting block (380); the tightening block (400) in the retracted state and the extended state The support block (400) is respectively close to the mounting block (360) and the limit block (380), and there is a gap between the support block (400) in the retracted state and the mounting block (360); the support block (400) in the retracted state can move toward the mounting block (360) to an avoidance state, and all the driven convex teeth (411) on the support block (400) in the avoidance state are completely disengaged from the tooth grooves of the transmission gear (350) to avoid the rotation coverage range of the transmission gear (350); a reset column (370) is elastically and movably installed on the mounting block (360), and the reset column (370 is used to push the support block (400) in the avoidance state to return to the retracted state.

10. The retractable cutterhead with a separation ring and a full-face tunnel boring machine according to claim 9, characterized in that: The mounting block (360) is provided with a movable hole (361), and the reset column (370) is elastically and movably mounted in the movable hole (361); one end of the reset column (370) facing the tightening block (400) is provided with a column head (371), and the other end passes through the movable hole (361) and is connected with a nut (372); a compression spring (373) is sleeved in the middle of the reset column (370), one end of the compression spring (373) is against the column head (371), and the other end is against the mounting block (360).

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