Configurable radio frequency system

Abstract

The invention relates to a configurable radio frequency (RF) system (10) comprising a first RF module (11) and a second RF module (21). The first and the second RF module (11, 21) each comprising: an RF circuit (12, 22), a signal path (13, 23), in particular a waveguide, and an RF port (14, 24) connected to a respective RF signal path; wherein the RF port (14) of the first RF module (11) and the RF port (24) of the second RF module (21) are spaced apart by a predetermined distance and oriented to be connectable to a third RF module (31) of the configurable RF system (10).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a configurable radio frequency (RF) system, in particular a front-end system for a test and / or measurement device such as a spectrum analyzer or a signal generator. Background Art

[0002] Test and / or measurement equipment (e.g., spectrum analyzers or network analyzers) can be used to characterize the so-called device under test (DUT). The DUT can be a waveguide module or a substrate-based circuit, such as an MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit), which operates with millimeter-wave (mmW) signals. In the case of an MMIC, various measurements are typically performed at different test points in the circuit.

[0003] Depending on the type of characterization measurement and the parameter to be measured, different measurement equipment and front ends (eg, mmW converters) are used.

[0004] For example, in the case of low or high signal S parameter measurements or measurements of specific wave parameters of mmW DUTs, a network analyzer and two mmW converters can be used. Typically, since the output power of the mmW converter may not be sufficient for many measurements, an additional amplifier is connected to the setup. However, this may reduce the directivity of the mmW converter, i.e., the DUT can no longer be characterized with respect to the input reflection coefficient. In addition, the source signal may no longer be measured by a directional coupler. Therefore, this amplifier is not used for all measurements.

[0005] In contrast, noise measurements can be performed using a network analyzer and two mmW converters, or a spectrum analyzer, mixer, and noise source; linearity measurements can be performed using a network analyzer and two or three mmW converters. Measuring other parameters and signals (e.g., EVM, IQ plots, RF spectrum, modulated signals, etc.) may require additional equipment and front ends (e.g., vector signal generators).

[0006] Therefore, when performing a new measurement, the measurement setup often has to be changed. For example, an external front end must be exchanged or additional equipment connected. This is cumbersome and time-consuming. Furthermore, each change in setup often requires recalibration, which results in additional work.

[0007] It is therefore an object to provide a configurable RF system that avoids the above-mentioned disadvantages. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The objects of the present invention are achieved by the technical solutions according to various aspects of the present invention. Advantageous implementations of the present invention are also defined herein.

[0009] According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a configurable radio frequency (RF) system. The configurable RF system comprises a first RF module and a second RF module. The first RF module and the second RF module each comprise an RF circuit; a signal path, in particular a waveguide; and an RF port connected to the respective signal path. The RF port of the first RF module and the RF port of the second RF module are separated by a predetermined distance and oriented so as to be connectable to a third RF module of the configurable RF system.

[0010] This provides the advantage of providing a configurable RF system that can be used with different test and / or measurement equipment. The RF system can be a front-end system that is connected between the test and / or measurement equipment (e.g., a network analyzer, a signal generator, or a spectrum analyzer) and the device under test (DUT) and can forward RF signals between these devices.

[0011] In particular, the configurable RF system provides versatility (i.e., it can be used with different test / measurement equipment and for different measurements) and thus reduces the number of front ends required by the user. This also saves the time required to convert traditional measurement setups using different front ends.

[0012] The RF system may be adapted for RF signals in the mmW wavelength range (mmW signals). Thus, the configurable RF system may form a mmW front-end system.

[0013] The signal path of the first RF module and / or the signal path of the second RF module can be an RF signal path. For example, each signal path is designed as an RF waveguide, in particular an RF waveguide for guiding mmW signals. The RF waveguide can be a rectangular metal waveguide.

[0014] The second RF module may be attached to the first RF module. For example, the first RF module and the second RF module may be attached to each other on their respective side surfaces.

[0015] For example, the first RF module and the second RF module are screwed together and / or clamped together. Typically, the connection is fixed and cannot be released by a user or operator of the RF system.

[0016] For example, the first RF module and the second RF module may be arranged in a common housing or in separate housings.The housing(s) may be(s) metal housing(s).

[0017] In one embodiment, the RF port of the first RF module and / or the RF port of the second RF module comprises a waveguide flange or a coaxial interface.

[0018] In one embodiment, the first RF module includes a data interface and / or the second RF module includes a data interface.

[0019] This achieves the advantage that the functionality of the first RF module and / or the second RF module can be controlled, for example by a test and / or measurement device. In particular, the configuration of the first RF module and / or the second RF module can be changed in this way.

[0020] For example, the data interface is a USB interface.

[0021] In one embodiment, the first RF module includes a power interface and / or the second RF module includes a power interface.

[0022] In one embodiment, the third RF module includes: two RF ports, which are separated by the predetermined distance and are designed to be connected to the RF ports of the first RF module and the second RF module; and an additional RF port, which is arranged to be connected to a device under test (DUT).

[0023] The third RF module may further include a signal path connected to two RF ports connectable to the first / second RF module and connected to the additional RF port.

[0024] This provides the advantage that the respective RF ports of the first RF module and the second RF module can be connected to the DUT, for example, a single DUT port, via the third RF module. Thus, different measurements can be performed with the DUT using the first RF module and the second RF module without having to change the setup (for example, without having to disconnect the first RF module and connect the second RF module to the DUT).

[0025] In one embodiment, the third RF module includes at least one of the following: a coupler, a combiner, a splitter, a switch, an impedance tuner, and / or a multiplexer.

[0026] For example, the third RF module is a combiner module that can combine RF signals from the first RF module and the second RF module. When the combiner module is connected between the DUT and the first RF module and the second RF module, the combiner module can provide full-duplex capability for the configurable RF system.

[0027] In one embodiment, the RF circuit of the first RF module and / or the RF circuit of the second RF module includes at least one of the following: an RF amplifier, an RF mixer, an RF attenuator, an RF switch, an RF isolator, a combiner, a coupler, a frequency multiplier, a multiplier, a circulator, a phase shifter, and / or a delay line.

[0028] This achieves the following advantages: the first RF module and / or the second RF module can provide multiple different functions. For example, different components can be activated or switched into corresponding signal paths, for example, based on received control commands.

[0029] In one embodiment, the first RF module is a receiver module or a transmitter module.

[0030] In one embodiment, the second RF module is a receiver module or a transmitter module.

[0031] In one embodiment, both the first RF module and the second RF module are receiver modules.

[0032] In one embodiment, both the first RF module and the second RF module are transmitter modules.

[0033] For example, if the RF module is configured as a receiver module, the RF module receives an RF signal through its RF port (e.g., from a connected DUT through a third RF module) and forwards the RF signal to the test and / or measurement equipment. If the RF module is configured as a transmitter module, the RF module can receive an RF signal from the test and / or measurement equipment and forward the RF signal to the third RF module (and the DUT) through the RF port.

[0034] In one embodiment, the RF port of the first RF module and the RF port of the second RF module are arranged at the predetermined distance from each other with a tolerance less than or equal to 100 μm.

[0035] This achieves the advantage that the RF connection between the first / second RF module and the third RF module can comply with high requirements regarding tolerances and assembly accuracy of the waveguide and its interface.

[0036] In particular, when the first RF module is attached or fixed to the second RF module, a distance tolerance of the RF ports is less than or equal to 100 μm.

[0037] In one embodiment, the third RF module is detachably attached to the first RF module and the second RF module.

[0038] This achieves the advantage that the RF system can be a modular system, which allows a user to connect different RF modules to the (interconnected) first RF module and the second RF module as required.

[0039] Preferably, the third RF module can be directly connected to the first RF module and the second RF module without using cables. This is very advantageous when using mmW signals transmitted through waveguides in the RF modules.

[0040] In an embodiment, the third RF module is attached to the first RF module and the second RF module by means of a plug-in connection, a screw connection, or a magnetic connection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] The present invention will be explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating a configurable RF system according to an embodiment is shown;

[0043] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating a configurable RF system according to an embodiment is shown;

[0044] Figure 3 A)-D) in FIG. 1 are schematic diagrams showing different expansion modules according to an embodiment; and

[0045] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a configurable RF system according to an embodiment is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a configurable and / or modular RF system 10 is shown in accordance with an embodiment.

[0047] The RF system 10 includes a first RF module 11 and a second RF module 21 attached to the first RF module 11. The first RF module 11 includes an RF circuit 12, a signal path 13 (specifically, a waveguide), and an RF port 14 connected to the signal path 13. The second RF module 21 includes an RF circuit 22, a signal path 23 (specifically, a waveguide), and an RF port 24 connected to the signal path 23. The RF port 14 of the first RF module 11 and the RF port 24 of the second RF module 21 are separated by a predetermined distance and are oriented so as to be connectable to a third RF module 31 of the configurable RF system 10.

[0048] The configurable and / or modular RF system 10 may be a front-end system disposed between a test and / or measurement device 72 and a DUT 71. In particular, the first RF module 11 may include a dedicated RF port 17, and the second RF module 21 may include a dedicated RF port 27, wherein the dedicated RF ports 17, 27 are configured to connect to RF ports of the test and / or measurement device.

[0049] The RF system 10 may be configured to forward RF signals, particularly mmW signals, between a test and / or measurement device 72 and a DUT 71 .

[0050] The signal path 13 of the first RF module 11 and the signal path 23 of the second RF module 21 can be designed as RF waveguides, in particular waveguides for mmW radiation. The RF waveguides can be rectangular metal waveguides.

[0051] Each of the RF ports 14, 17 of the first RF module and / or the RF ports 24, 27 of the second RF module can be designed as a waveguide flange or can include a waveguide flange. Alternatively, each of these interfaces can also be designed as a coaxial interface or include a coaxial interface.

[0052] In addition, the first RF module 11 may include a data interface 15 and / or the second RF module 21 may include a data interface 25. The data interface may be a USB interface.

[0053] For example, the RF modules 11 and 21 can receive control commands via a data interface. In one example, upon receiving the corresponding control commands, the RF modules 11 and 21 can activate RF components (e.g., amplifiers, attenuators, filters, etc.) or switch RF components into the signal path. In this way, the RF modules 11 and 21 can be configured or adjusted for specific measurements without manually changing measurement settings.

[0054] The first RF module 11 may further include a power interface 16 and / or the second RF module 21 may further include a power interface 26 .

[0055] The data interfaces 15 , 25 and / or the power interfaces 16 , 26 may be connected to a test and / or measurement device 72 .

[0056] In addition, the third RF module 31 may also include a data interface and / or a power interface. For example, through these interfaces, the third RF module 31 can receive power from the first RF module 11 or the second RF module 21 or from the test and / or measurement equipment 72, and / or can supply power to other RF modules.

[0057] The RF circuit 12 of the first RF module 11 may be connected to the signal path 13 of the first RF module 11 and may include one or more elements configured to condition and / or regulate the RF signal transmitted through the signal path 13, and / or the RF circuit 22 of the second RF module 21 may be connected to the signal path 23 of the second RF module 21 and may include one or more elements configured to condition and / or regulate the RF signal transmitted through the signal path 23. For example, each of the RF circuits 12, 22 may include at least one of an RF amplifier, an RF mixer, an RF attenuator, an RF switch, an RF isolator, a combiner, a coupler, a frequency multiplier, a multiplier, a circulator, a phase shifter, and / or a delay line.

[0058] Each of the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 may be a receiver module (RX module) or a transmitter module (TX module). For example, the receiver module includes a receiver or a receiver circuit and is configured to receive an RF signal through an RF port, and the transmitter module includes a transmitter or a transmitter circuit and is configured to transmit an RF signal through an RF port.

[0059] In one example, the first RF module 11 is an RX module and the second RF module 21 is a TX module, or vice versa. In this way, a front end having both RX and TX capabilities can be provided.

[0060] The test and / or measurement equipment 72 can be a device that generates signals and forwards them to the RF system 10 (e.g., a signal generator or VNA), or it can be a device that receives signals from the RF system (e.g., a spectrum analyzer or a network analyzer). The configurable RF system 10, including the RX module and the TX module, can serve as a front-end system for both types of equipment.

[0061] For example, the RF port of the TX module (which forms the output port) and the RF port of the RX module (which forms the input port) can be connected to the third RF module 31 (e.g., without opening these modules). The third RF module 31 can then selectively connect any of these ports 14, 24 to the DUT 71.

[0062] Alternatively, both the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 may be RX modules or TX modules.

[0063] The third RF module 31 may include at least three RF ports 32, 33, and 36. The three RF ports 32, 33, and 36 may be designed as waveguide flanges or may include waveguide flanges.

[0064] In particular, the third RF module 31 includes: two RF ports 32, 33, which are separated by a predetermined distance and are designed to be connected to the RF port 14 of the first RF module 11 and the RF port 24 of the second RF module 21, respectively; and another RF port 36, which is arranged to be connected to the DUT 71.

[0065] The third RF module may further include at least one element 35 connected to the three RF ports 32 , 33 , 36 via a signal path 34 , in particular, the signal path 34 is a waveguide (eg, a rectangular metal waveguide).

[0066] The at least one element 35 may include a switch (eg, a mechanically or electronically controllable switch), a coupler, a combiner, a splitter, or a multiplexer.

[0067] The third RF module 31 may be configured to switch the RF port 14 of the first RF module 11 and the RF port 24 of the second RF module 21 to another single port 36 , which may be connected to a DUT.

[0068] For example, if the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 are RX and TX modules, respectively, the third RF module 31 can selectively switch its other RF port 36 (which can be connected to the DUT) to an RX module or a TX module. In this way, a half-duplex system can be implemented. If the component 35 is a coupler, combiner, or splitter, the system 10 can even form a full-duplex system.

[0069] If both the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 are TX modules, the third RF module 31 may generate a two-tone signal by combining respective RF signals received through the RF ports 32 and 33 .

[0070] The third RF module 31 may comprise further functionalities, such as a digital interface, enabling characteristic data to be stored in the module for signal correction, transmission or reflection measurements (depending on the frequency).

[0071] For example, the third RF module 31 may further include a digital data memory configured to store device data about the third RF module 31. The data memory may be coupled to a digital interface (e.g., a data interface) of the third RF module 31, wherein the digital interface is suitable for coupling the third RF module 31 with an external communication partner (e.g., a test and / or measurement device). For example, the device data stored in the digital data memory may include a unique identifier of the third RF module 31 and / or data characterizing the RF signal path 34 and RF ports 32, 33, 36 (one or more) of the third RF module 31. The digital data memory may also receive control data and / or updated device data for controlling the third RF module 31 via the digital interface. Updated device data may be stored.

[0072] The third RF module 31 may be detachably attached to the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21. For example, the third RF module 31 may be attached to the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 by means of a plug-in connection, a screw connection, or a magnetic connection.

[0073] In one example, the connection is established by threading the waveguide flanges of the RF port 14 of the first RF module 11 and the RF port 24 of the second RF module 21 to the flanges of the complementary RF ports 32 and 33 of the third RF module 31 .

[0074] Furthermore, the third RF module 31 can be removed from the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 to allow for independent use of the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 and / or to improve the performance of these modules 11 and 21 (e.g., by reducing the attenuation of both modules). In this manner, for example, the noise figure of the RX module and the output power of the TX module can be improved.

[0075] In addition, the RF system 10 may include an external multiplexer module. This external multiplexer module may be used instead of the third RF module 31 or in addition to the third RF module 31, and the multiplexer module may enable switching between multiple additional RF ports of the third RF module 31 (e.g., multiple input and output ports for connecting to one or more DUTs). These additional RF ports may be bidirectional ports. For example, multiple DUTs may be connected to the additional RF ports, such as two or more antennas with cross-polarization and co-polarization for OTA measurements.

[0076] For example, the third RF module 31 may include an active or passive impedance tuner. The impedance tuner may allow a user to adjust the impedance value and perform specific impedance measurements. For example, in this way, source-pull and / or load-pull measurements may be performed without the need to connect an additional external impedance tuner.

[0077] The first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 can be arranged at a well-defined distance and in a well-defined orientation from each other and can be attached to each other (e.g., threadedly connected to each other). Therefore, the RF port 14 of the first RF module 11 and the RF port 24 of the second RF module 21 can be spaced apart at a predetermined distance and orientation with a high tolerance of less than or equal to 100 μm. This high tolerance is particularly important when the RF ports 14, 24 are waveguide interfaces (e.g., waveguide flanges) and when the third RF module 31 is attached to the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21, the RF ports 14, 24 should be aligned as accurately as possible (i.e., without offset) with the complementary RF ports 32, 33 of the third RF module 31.

[0078] For example, the alignment of the RF port 14 of the first RF module 11 and the RF port 24 of the second RF module 21 meets the maximum allowable misalignment requirement according to IEEE Standard 1785.2-2016.

[0079] Thus, the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 can be securely connected or even housed in the same housing (e.g., the housing of a remote measurement head or module). A different third RF module 31 (having different functions) can be removably attached to the combined first RF module 11 and second RF module 21, thereby forming a modular front-end system. In this way, the RF ports 14 of the first RF module 11 and the RF ports 24 of the second RF module 21 (e.g., the RX port and the TX port) can be accessed by the user.

[0080] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a configurable RF system 10 is shown according to an embodiment. Figure 2 The system 10 shown in FIG. Figure 1 The same system as shown in .

[0081] Figure 2 The configurable RF system 10 shown in FIG includes a first RF module 11, which includes a signal path 13 and an RF port 14; wherein the RF port 14 can be arranged to be connected to another RF module (e.g., a third RF module 31) or a DUT. The first RF module 11 can also include at least a first auxiliary port 41 and a second auxiliary port 42 accessible from the outside of the first RF module 11; wherein the first auxiliary port 41 and the second auxiliary port 42 are arranged to be connected to each other through a first bridge element 52 or a first expansion module 51 of the configurable RF system 10. The signal path 13 can be connected to the RF port 14 and pass through the first auxiliary port 41, and can also pass through the first bridge element 52 or the first expansion module 51. The signal path 13 can also pass through the second auxiliary port 42.

[0082] like Figure 2 As shown, the first RF module 11 may further include at least a third auxiliary port 43 and a fourth auxiliary port 44 that are also accessible from the outside of the first RF module 11. Similarly, the third auxiliary port 43 and the fourth auxiliary port 44 may be arranged to be connected to each other via a second bridge element 53 of the configurable RF system, or the first expansion module 51, or a second expansion module (not shown). Figure 2 As shown, the signal path 13 of the first RF module 11 can pass through the third auxiliary port and can also pass through the second bridge element 53 or the first expansion module 51 or the second expansion module (not shown). In addition, the signal path 13 can pass through the fourth auxiliary port 44.

[0083] The auxiliary ports 41, 42, 43, 44 may form an interface of the first RF module for connecting to the first expansion module 51 and / or the bridge elements 52, 53 (one or both). In this way, the signal path may be "directed" out of the first RF module 11 and into the first expansion module 51, where additional signal processing or conditioning steps may be performed.

[0084] Figure 2 The system 10 shown in also comprises a second RF module 21 comprising a (further) signal path 23 and a (further) RF port 24 arranged for connection to a further (ie third) RF module 31 or a DUT.

[0085] The second RF module 21 may have a design partially equivalent to that of the first RF module 11 and may also include at least: a (further) first auxiliary port 41 and a (further) second auxiliary port 42 accessible from the outside of the second RF module 21, wherein the (further) first auxiliary port 41 and the (further) second auxiliary port 42 are arranged to be connected to each other via a (third) bridge element 52 or a (third) expansion module 51 of the configurable RF system 10. The further signal path 23 may be connected to the further RF port 24 of the second RF module 21 and pass through the (further) first auxiliary port 41 and further pass through the (third) bridge element 52 or the (third) expansion module 51. The further signal path 23 may also pass through the further second auxiliary port 44.

[0086] Similar to the first RF module 11, the second RF module 21 may also include an (additional) third auxiliary port 43 and an (additional) fourth auxiliary port 44 accessible from the outside of the second RF module 21. The (additional) third auxiliary port 43 and the (additional) fourth auxiliary port 44 may be arranged to be connected to each other via a (fourth) bridging element 53, or a (third) expansion module 51, or a fourth expansion module (not shown). The additional signal path 23 may pass through the additional third auxiliary port 43 and may also pass through the fourth bridging element 53, or the third expansion module 51, or the fourth expansion module. The additional signal path 23 may also pass through the additional fourth auxiliary port 44.

[0087] The signal path 13 of the first RF module 11 and / or the signal path 23 of the second RF module 21 can be an RF signal path. For example, each signal path 13, 23 is designed as an RF waveguide, in particular a waveguide for guiding mmW radiation. The RF waveguide can be a rectangular metal waveguide.

[0088] Each of the RF ports 14, 24 and / or the auxiliary ports 41, 42, 43, 44 of the first RF module 11 and / or the second RF module 21 may be or may include a waveguide flange. Alternatively, each of these interfaces may also be a coaxial interface.

[0089] For example, the first RF module 11 may be a transmitter (TX) module and the second RF module 21 may be a receiver (RX) module. Alternatively, both RF modules 11, 21 may be RX modules or TX modules.

[0090] The first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 may be disposed in a common housing or in separate housings.

[0091] For example, the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 may be screwed together and / or clamped together. Alternatively or additionally, the configurable RF system 10 includes a data connection and / or a supply voltage connection connecting the first RF module 11 with the second RF module 21 .

[0092] Furthermore, a coupling element 19 may be disposed at the interface of the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 and may be connected to the signal paths 13, 23 of the respective modules 11, 21. For example, at least a portion of an RF signal may be coupled from the signal path of one RF module to the signal path of the other RF module via the coupling element 19.

[0093] For example, in this way, the TX signal can be received from the TX module (e.g. Figure 2 The first RF module 11 in the embodiment is coupled to the RX module (eg, Figure 2 The switch in the second RF module 21 may be arranged to selectively forward the TX signal portion thus received or the RX signal received via the RF port 24 to a connected test and / or measurement device.

[0094] For example, in an RX / TX arrangement, the coupled output signal portion can be used as a reference receiver signal for a VNA (vector network analyzer) front end or for analyzing the output signal of a TX module (e.g., for digital predistortion of modulated / wideband TX signals). In a TX / TX arrangement, this connection allows the two signal sources to be combined to generate a dual-tone signal or a more-tone signal.

[0095] The coupling element 19 may be a coupler, a combiner, a splitter, or a switch. The coupling element 19 may be arranged in or at a connection surface between the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 .

[0096] like Figure 2As shown, the signal path 13 of the first RF module 11 and / or the signal path 23 of the second RF module 21 can be arranged so that at least the portion of the signal paths 13, 23 between the first auxiliary port 41 and the fourth auxiliary port 44 circulates through the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21, respectively.

[0097] For example, electronic device 18 (e.g., an amplifier unit or an attenuator unit) may be arranged in the first RF module and / or electronic device 28 (e.g., an amplifier unit or an attenuator unit) may be arranged in the second RF module, so that a portion of signal paths 13, 23 (the portion circulating through the RF modules) passes through electronic device 18, 28, respectively. For example, in this way, RF signals transmitted or received by RF modules 11, 21 can be amplified or attenuated. The electronic device may be a component of RF circuits 12, 22.

[0098] The first RF module 11 and / or the second RF module 21 may include a plurality of submodules. For example, each submodule includes two auxiliary ports among the auxiliary ports 41, 42, 43, and 44. Each submodule may have a separate housing.

[0099] Preferably, the functions of the RF modules 11 , 21 may be expanded by an expansion module 51 connected to the first RF module 11 and / or the second RF module 21 through the auxiliary ports 41 - 44 .

[0100] For example, each expansion module 51 may include at least one of the following elements: an amplifier stage, a switching unit configured to connect at least one of the auxiliary ports to another auxiliary port, an attenuator unit, a filter unit, a phase shifter, an isolator, a circulator, a power detector, a mixer, a signal source and / or a noise source, a modulator, a coupler unit, a splitter, and / or a combiner.

[0101] Furthermore, the bridging elements 52, 53, which may be bridge-like elements directly connecting two auxiliary ports, may be included in the expansion module (eg Figure 2 shown).

[0102] In this way, a user or operator can easily adjust and / or configure the RF system 10 by connecting an appropriate expansion module 51 to either of the RF modules 11 and 21. For example, depending on measurement requirements, different expansion modules 51 can be connected to the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21. Thus, the RF system 10 can be a modular system that can be quickly adjusted by connecting an appropriate expansion module 51.

[0103] It should be noted that Figure 2 The expansion module 51 connected to the two RF modules 11 and 21 is only an example. Figure 3 ) shown in A)-D) in FIG. 1 may be provided and may be connected to the first RF module 11 and / or the second RF module 21 .

[0104] Thus, each extension module 51 may be removably attached to the first RF module 11 or the second RF module 21 , for example by means of a plug-in connection, a screw connection or a magnetic connection.

[0105] For example, the first expansion module 51 may be threadedly connected to the first RF module 11, or the first expansion module 51 and the first RF module 11 may be magnetically connected. Magnetic attachment can replace threaded connections and allow for easy installation / replacement of the expansion module 51 without the need for special tools. The (third) expansion module 51 may be attached to the second RF module 21 in the same manner.

[0106] Other implementation examples / methods for attaching the expansion module 51 to the first RF module 11 and / or the second RF module 21 may include a toggle punch, a snap lock, a rotation-based clamping device, or a manual screw or knob.

[0107] Typically, the first RF module 11 and / or the second RF module 21 includes at least one auxiliary port 41-44 connected to the signal path 13, 23 of the respective module 11, 21. The auxiliary port can be used to couple additional RF signals to the respective signal path 13, 23 or to separate additional RF signals from the respective signal path 13, 23.

[0108] For example, the TX module (e.g. Figure 2 The first RF module 11 in the TX module 11 may include an internal switch that switches the RF port 14 between a port connected to a test and / or measurement device and an auxiliary port of the auxiliary ports 41-44 that receives an external signal. For example, a noise source can be connected to the auxiliary port or to an expansion module 51 connected to the auxiliary port. For example, this enables a comprehensive characterization of the DUT (e.g., a chip / MMIC on a wafer probe system) without disconnecting the DUT and / or without modifying the measurement setup. For example, the TX module 11 can generate and / or forward CW (continuous wave) signals and / or broadband signals, such as for S-parameters, large signals, or linearity measurements. In addition, the TX module 11 can provide a noise source that can be switched to the RF port 14.

[0109] RX module (for example, Figure 2 The second RF module 21 in the embodiment may include an additional switch that can switch the output port (connected to the test and / or measurement equipment) between the signal path 23 connected to the RF port 24 and the auxiliary ports 41-44. For example, an external power meter (for calibration) can be connected to the auxiliary port.

[0110] In the case where the first RF module 11 and / or the second RF module 21 includes two or more auxiliary ports 41-44, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, different external modules 51 can be connected to the first RF module 11 and / or the second RF module 21 , and these external modules 51 extend the functions of these RF modules.

[0111] For example, the expansion module 51 can connect at least one of the following elements to the signal path of the RF module: an additional output amplifier for the TX signal path or an LNA (low noise amplifier) ​​for the RX signal path, a mixer, a level detector, a switch, one or more attenuators, filters, couplers, splitters, isolators, phase shifters, circulators, power detectors, modulators, combiners, load tuners, or source tuners. In this way, the functionality and / or performance of the RF modules 11, 21 can be enhanced.

[0112] If the RF module (such as Figure 2 The modules 11 , 21 shown have four auxiliary ports 41 - 44 , and internal functional blocks of the module (eg, external stages in a TX module) can be bypassed by selectively connecting the auxiliary ports to bridge elements.

[0113] Figure 3 A)-D) in FIG. 5 shows schematic diagrams of different expansion modules 51 according to one embodiment. For example, Figure 3 Each module 51 shown in A)-D) can be connected to Figure 2 The auxiliary ports 41 - 44 of the first RF module 11 and / or the second RF module 21 in the embodiment of the present invention are connected.

[0114] For example, Figure 3 The expansion module 51 shown in A) comprises four ports 56 that can be connected to the four auxiliary ports 41-44 of the RF modules 11, 21 (one or both). The expansion module 51 also includes an electrically or mechanically controlled switch 55, which can generate a bypass between the port 56 connected to the first auxiliary port 41 and the second auxiliary port 42 of the RF module, and / or between the port 56 connected to the third auxiliary port 43 and the fourth auxiliary port 44 of the RF module. However, the switch 55 can also connect the corresponding external port 54 to the first auxiliary port 41 and the fourth auxiliary port 44. The external port 54 can be connected to another external module or another element, such as a signal source or a noise source. Therefore, Figure 3 The expansion module 51 in A) can provide an electrical or mechanical controlled bypass for additional external modules.

[0115] Figure 3The expansion module 51 shown in FIG. 2B can also provide an electrically or mechanically controlled bypass for an external source (e.g., a noise source, a signal source). Thus, the switch 55 can switch between a connection between the two ports 56 connected to the third auxiliary port 43 and the fourth auxiliary port 44 and a connection between the fourth auxiliary port 44 and the external port 54.

[0116] When connected to a TX module, the external port 54 may be a feed port configured to receive an RF signal; and the connected RF module 11 (e.g., a TX module) may be configured to transmit the received RF signal to its RF port. Alternatively, when connected to an RX module, the external port 54 may be a receive port configured to output the RF signal transmitted through the signal path of the RX module.

[0117] Figure 3 The expansion module 51 shown in FIG. C) is a high output power module. The module 51 includes an amplifier unit 57 (eg, including one or more amplifiers) that can be inserted into and / or connected to the signal path of the RF module. For example, Figure 3 The expansion module 51 in C) can be connected to the TX module to increase the output level of the TX signal.

[0118] Alternatively, the extension module 51 may comprise an attenuator and / or an LNA, eg for connection to an RX module.

[0119] For example, by connecting such an extension module 51 to an RX module or a TX module, the performance of the RX / TX module can be enhanced without reducing its functionality. Therefore, when measuring a new DUT with higher performance requirements for the power output stage, it is not necessary to redesign the RF modules 11, 21 (one or both).

[0120] Figure 3 The extension module 51 shown in D) allows switching between a connection to the electronic devices 18, 28 (e.g. a power amplifier unit) of the connected RF module and a bridge element, which is arranged to bypass the electronic devices 18, 28 by directly connecting the first auxiliary port 41 and the fourth auxiliary port 44 of the RF module.

[0121] When connected to the RX module, the extension module 51 can be used, for example, to improve the performance of the low noise amplifier, to bypass the LNA to increase the input level, or to connect an additional attenuator to reduce the input level.

[0122] In case the RF module has multiple auxiliary ports 41 - 44 , preferably four auxiliary ports, connected to the signal path, the extension module can be used to bypass a portion of the signal path (eg the power amplifier in the TX or the LNA in the RX).

[0123] Furthermore, a single expansion module 51 can provide multiple functions by being designed as a reversible plate that can be removed for "reconfiguration," rotated about its own axis and reinstalled onto the RF module.

[0124] Figure 2 The expansion module 51 connected to the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 in FIG. 1 is an example of an expansion module having this reversible board design. For example, in the current installation configuration, the expansion module 51 connects the bridge element 52 to the first auxiliary port 41 and the second auxiliary port 42 of the RF modules 11 and 21, and connects the bridge element 53 to the third auxiliary port 43 and the fourth auxiliary port 44 of the RF modules 11 and 21. In this configuration, the electronics 18 and 28 of each module are connected to the corresponding signal paths 13 and 23.

[0125] However, when the expansion module 51 is rotated and mounted on the opposite side by its RF ports, an additional bridge element 58 connects the corresponding first auxiliary port 41 and fourth auxiliary port 44. This additional bridge element 58 forms a bypass element for bypassing the electronic devices 18 and 28 (i.e., the electronic devices are not connected to the signal paths 13 and 23 through which the RF signals are forwarded). In this way, the electronic devices 18 and 28 can be switched into or out of the signal paths 13 and 23.

[0126] Electrically controllable switching is also possible when using more complex modules on the additional auxiliary ports 41-44.

[0127] Preferably, the expansion modules 51 can be exchanged during operation of the RF system 10. Here, during operation means that the DUT does not have to be disconnected (ie, disconnected from the third RF module 31) when the expansion module(s) 51 are exchanged.

[0128] Furthermore, the RF modules 11, 21 may be configured to automatically detect a connected expansion module 51. Thus, during operation, new or other additional software of the RF modules 11, 21 or the test and / or measurement device may be activated to adjust the system 10 in operation.

[0129] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a configurable RF system 10 according to one embodiment is shown. The RF system 10 is used as a front end for a test and / or measurement device 72 (e.g., a signal source or a signal analyzer) for analyzing a device under test (DUT) on a wafer. The DUT may be an MMIC or a thin film circuit on a wafer 73, which may be placed on a chuck 74 of a wafer prober.

[0130] Figure 4 The illustrated system includes a first RF module and a second RF module connected to an RF port of a test and / or measurement device 72 .

[0131] The expansion module 51 is connected to at least two auxiliary ports 41, 42 of the first RF module 11. In addition, the two RF modules 11, 21 are connected to the third RF module 31 via their (primary) RF ports 14, 24. The third RF module (e.g., an external combiner module for combining the RF modules 11 and 21) is in turn connected to the DUT. For example, the third RF module 31 is electrically connected to the DUT via the tip of a wafer probe 75.

[0132] Within the scope of the invention, all features described above or all features shown in the drawings can be combined with one another in any advantageous manner.

Claims

1. A configurable radio frequency (RF) system (10), comprising: A first RF module (11); as well as A second RF module (21); The first RF module and the second RF module (11, 21) each include: -RF circuit (12, 22), - a signal path (13, 23), in particular a waveguide, and - RF ports (14, 24) connected to respective signal paths (13, 23); The RF port (14) of the first RF module (11) and the RF port (24) of the second RF module (21) are separated by a predetermined distance and are oriented to be connectable to a third RF module (31) of the configurable RF system (10).

2. The configurable RF system (10) of claim 1, wherein: The RF port (14) of the first RF module (11) and / or the RF port (24) of the second RF module (21) comprises a waveguide flange or a coaxial interface.

3. The configurable RF system (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The first RF module (11) includes a data interface (15) and / or the second RF module (21) includes a data interface (25).

4. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The first RF module (11) includes a power interface (16) and / or the second RF module (21) includes a power interface (26).

5. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The third RF module (31) comprises: - two RF ports (32, 33) spaced apart by the predetermined distance and designed to be connected to the RF ports (14, 24) of the first and second RF modules (11, 21), and - a further RF port (36) arranged for connection to a device under test DUT (71).

6. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The third RF module (31) includes at least one of the following: a coupler, a combiner, a splitter, a switch, an impedance tuner, and / or a multiplexer.

7. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: The RF circuit (12) of the first RF module (11) and / or the RF circuit (22) of the second RF module (21) includes at least one of the following: an RF amplifier, an RF mixer, an RF attenuator, an RF switch, an RF isolator, a combiner, a coupler, a multiplier, a multiplier, a circulator, a phase shifter, and / or a delay line.

8. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The first RF module (11) is a receiver module or a transmitter module.

9. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The second RF module (21) is a receiver module or a transmitter module.

10. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: Both the first RF module (11) and the second RF module (21) are receiver modules.

11. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: Both the first RF module (11) and the second RF module (21) are transmitter modules.

12. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein: The RF port (14) of the first RF module (11) and the RF port (24) of the second RF module (21) are arranged at the predetermined distance from each other with a tolerance less than or equal to 100 μm.

13. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein: The third RF module (31) is detachably attached to the first RF module (11) and the second RF module (21).

14. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein: The third RF module (31) is attached to the first RF module (11) and the second RF module (21) by means of a plug-in connection, a threaded connection or a magnetic connection.

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