Configurable radio frequency system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a configurable radio frequency (RF) system (10). The RF system comprises a first RF module (11) comprising a signal path (13) and an RF port (14); wherein the RF port (14) is arranged for connection to a further RF module (31) or a device under test (DUT) (71); wherein the first RF module (11) further at least comprises a first auxiliary port (41) and a second auxiliary port (42) which can be accessed from the outside of the first RF module (11); wherein the first auxiliary port (41) and the second auxiliary port (42) are arranged to be connected to each other through a first bridging element (52) or a first extension module (51) of the configurable RF system (10); wherein the signal path (13) is connected to the RF port (14) and passes through: the first auxiliary port (41), the first bridging element (52) or the first extension module (51), and the second auxiliary port (42).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to configurable radio frequency (RF) systems, in particular to front-end systems for test and / or measurement equipment such as spectrum analyzers or signal generators. Background Art

[0002] Test and / or measurement equipment (e.g., spectrum analyzers or network analyzers) can be used to characterize the so-called device under test (DUT). The DUT can be a waveguide module or a substrate-based circuit, such as an MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit), which operates with millimeter wave (mmW) signals. In the case of an MMIC, various measurements are usually performed at different test points in the circuit.

[0003] Depending on the type of characterization measurement and the parameter to be measured, different measurement equipment and front ends (eg mmW converters) are used.

[0004] For example, in the case of low or high signal S parameter measurements or measurements of specific wave parameters of mmW DUTs, a network analyzer and two mmW converters can be used. Typically, since the output power of the mmW converter may not be sufficient for many measurements, an additional amplifier is connected to the setup. However, this may reduce the directivity of the mmW converter, i.e., the DUT can no longer be characterized with respect to the input reflection coefficient. In addition, the source signal may no longer be measured by a directional coupler. Therefore, the amplifier is not used for all measurements.

[0005] In contrast, for noise measurements, a network analyzer and two mmW converters or a spectrum analyzer, mixer, and noise source can be used; for linearity measurements, a network analyzer and two or three mmW converters can be used. To measure other parameters and signals (e.g., EVM, IQ charts, RF spectrum, modulated signals, etc.), additional equipment and front ends (e.g., vector signal generators) may be required.

[0006] Therefore, when a new measurement is performed, the measurement setup usually has to be changed. For example, an external front end is exchanged or an additional device is connected. This is cumbersome and time-consuming. In addition, each time the setup is changed, the setup usually has to be recalibrated, resulting in additional work.

[0007] It is therefore an object to provide a configurable RF system which avoids the above mentioned disadvantages. Summary of the invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is achieved by the technical solutions according to various aspects of the present invention. Advantageous implementations of the present invention are also defined herein.

[0009] According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a configurable radio frequency (RF) system. The configurable RF system comprises: a first RF module, the first RF module comprising a signal path and an RF port; wherein the RF port is arranged to be connected to another RF module or a device under test (DUT); wherein the first RF module also comprises at least a first auxiliary port and a second auxiliary port accessible from the outside of the first RF module; wherein the first auxiliary port and the second auxiliary port are arranged to be connected to each other through a first bridge element or a first expansion module of the configurable RF system; wherein the signal path is connected to the RF port and passes through: the first auxiliary port, the first bridge element or the first expansion module, and the second auxiliary port.

[0010] This achieves the following advantages: A configurable RF system is provided which can be used with different test and / or measurement equipment. Depending on the use and application, the system can be reconfigured by connecting different expansion modules or bridge elements. This can be done manually or automatically.

[0011] The RF system may be a front-end system that is connected between a test and / or measurement device (eg, a VNA, a network analyzer, a signal generator, or a spectrum analyzer) and a device under test (DUT) and may forward RF signals between these devices.

[0012] In particular, the configurable RF system provides versatility (i.e., it can be used with different test / measurement equipment and for different measurements) and thus reduces the number of front ends required by the user. This also saves the time required to convert a traditional measurement setup using a different front end.

[0013] The RF system may be adapted for RF signals in the mmW wavelength range (mmW signals). Thus, the configurable RF system may form a mmW front-end system.

[0014] The signal path may be an RF signal path. For example, the signal path is formed by or includes an RF waveguide, in particular an RF waveguide for mmW signals. The RF waveguide may be a rectangular metal waveguide.

[0015] The RF port may be used to connect the first RF module to another module or a device under test. The RF port may be a main port of the first RF module.

[0016] The first bridging element may be a bridge-like element connecting the first auxiliary port and the second auxiliary port. The bridging element may form a bypass element.

[0017] The first auxiliary port and the second auxiliary port may be part of an interface of the first RF module.The interface may include two or more auxiliary ports.

[0018] At least the first auxiliary port and the second auxiliary port accessible from the outside of the first RF module may refer to ports accessible from the outside of the housing of the first RF module.

[0019] In one embodiment, the first RF module includes at least a third auxiliary port and a fourth auxiliary port accessible from the outside of the first RF module; wherein the third auxiliary port and the fourth auxiliary port are arranged to be connected to each other through a second bridge element of the configurable RF system or the first expansion module or the second expansion module; wherein the signal path also passes through: the third auxiliary port, the second bridge element or the first expansion module or the second expansion module, and the fourth auxiliary port.

[0020] This achieves the advantage that different expansion modules with up to four ports can be connected to the RF module.

[0021] For example, the RF port and / or the auxiliary port may comprise respective waveguide flanges, or coaxial interfaces or ports.The third auxiliary port and the fourth auxiliary port may be part of an interface of the first RF module.

[0022] In one embodiment, at least a portion of the signal path between the first auxiliary port and the fourth auxiliary port passes through the first RF module.

[0023] In one embodiment, the first RF module comprises an electronic device, in particular an amplifier unit; wherein the portion of the signal path running through the first RF module passes through the electronic device.

[0024] For example, the amplifier unit includes one or more amplifiers.

[0025] In one embodiment, the first expansion module includes at least one of the following elements: the first bridge element, an amplifier stage, a switching unit configured to connect at least one of the auxiliary ports to another auxiliary port, an attenuator unit, a filter unit, a phase shifter, an isolator, a circulator, a power detector, a mixer, a signal source and / or a noise source, a modulator, a coupler unit, a splitter, a combiner, and / or a DUT port.

[0026] This achieves the advantage that, depending on the measurement requirements, the functionality of the first RF module can be extended by connecting a suitable extension module.The first extension module may further comprise a second bridge element.

[0027] In one embodiment, the first expansion module comprises a feeding port configured to receive an RF signal; wherein the first expansion module is configured to transmit the RF signal to the RF port of the first RF module.

[0028] In one embodiment, the first RF module is a transmitter module and / or a receiver module. For example, the first RF module may be a transceiver module.

[0029] For example, if the RF module is configured as a receiver module, the RF module receives an RF signal through its RF port (e.g., from a connected DUT) and forwards the RF signal to a test and / or measurement device. If the RF module is configured as a transmitter module, the RF module can receive an RF signal from a test and / or measurement device and forward the RF signal to the DUT through the RF port.

[0030] In one embodiment, the configurable RF system may further include: a second RF module, the second RF module including an additional signal path and an additional RF port; wherein the additional RF port of the second RF module is arranged to be connected to the additional RF module or the DUT or another DUT; wherein the second RF module also includes at least an additional first auxiliary port and an additional second auxiliary port accessible from the outside of the second RF module; wherein the additional first auxiliary port and the additional second auxiliary port are arranged to be connected to each other through a third bridge element or a third extension module of the configurable RF system; wherein the additional signal path is connected to the additional RF port and passes through: the additional first auxiliary port, the third bridge element or the third extension module, and the additional second auxiliary port.

[0031] The second RF module may be a transmitter module and / or a receiver module.

[0032] For example, the first RF module may be a receiver module defined as having a receiver function, and the second RF module may be a transmitter module defined as having a transmitter function, or vice versa. Alternatively, both the first RF module and the second RF module may be transmitter modules or receiver modules.

[0033] The at least one further first auxiliary port and the further second auxiliary port accessible from outside the second RF module may refer to ports accessible from outside the housing of the second RF module.

[0034] In one embodiment, the second RF module comprises at least an additional third auxiliary port and an additional fourth auxiliary port accessible from outside the second RF module; wherein the additional third auxiliary port and the additional fourth auxiliary port are arranged to be connected to each other via a fourth bridging element of the configurable RF system or the third extension module or the fourth extension module; wherein the additional signal path also passes through: the additional third auxiliary port, the fourth bridging element or the third extension module or the fourth extension module, and the additional fourth auxiliary port.

[0035] In one embodiment, at least a portion of the further signal path between the further first auxiliary port and the further fourth auxiliary port runs through the second RF module.

[0036] In an embodiment, the second RF module comprises further electronics, in particular an amplifier unit; wherein the portion of the further signal path running through the second RF module passes through the further electronics.

[0037] In one embodiment, the third expansion module includes at least one of the following elements: the third bridge element, an amplifier stage, a switching unit configured to connect at least one of the auxiliary ports to another auxiliary port, an attenuator unit, a filter unit, a phase shifter, an isolator, a circulator, a power detector, a mixer, a signal source and / or a noise source, a modulator, a coupler unit, a splitter, a combiner, and / or a DUT port.

[0038] In one embodiment, the third expansion module includes a receiving port configured to output the RF signal transmitted through the additional signal path of the second RF module.

[0039] This achieves the advantage that the second RF module (eg a transmitter module or a receiver module) can output an RF signal via the extension module, eg for further processing.

[0040] In one embodiment, the first RF module and the second RF module are arranged in a common housing or in separate housings.

[0041] The second RF module may be attached to the first RF module. For example, the first RF module and the second RF module are attached to each other on their respective side surfaces.

[0042] In one embodiment, the first RF module further includes at least one of: a data interface, a coaxial interface, and a power supply voltage interface; and / or the second RF module includes at least one of: a data interface, a coaxial interface, and a power supply voltage interface.

[0043] The supply voltage interface may be a DC interface.

[0044] In one embodiment, the first RF module and the second RF module are threaded together and / or clamped together; and / or, the configurable RF system includes a data connection and / or a supply voltage connection connecting the first RF module to the second RF module.

[0045] In an embodiment, the first expansion module is removably attached to the first RF module by means of a plug-in connection, a threaded connection, or a magnetic connection.

[0046] In one embodiment, the first RF module includes a plurality of sub-modules.

[0047] For example, each submodule includes two auxiliary ports. The same is true for the second RF module. Each submodule can have a separate housing.

[0048] In one embodiment, during operation of the configurable RF system, the first bridge element or the first expansion module may be swapped with a different bridge element or expansion module.

[0049] For example, during operation means when the DUT remains connected to the RF system. The system can automatically detect new bridge elements or expansion modules. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] The present invention will be explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a configurable RF system according to an embodiment is shown;

[0052] Figure 2 A)-D) in FIG. 1 show schematic diagrams of different expansion modules according to one embodiment;

[0053] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing a configurable RF system according to an embodiment; and

[0054] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a configurable RF system according to an embodiment is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a configurable and / or modular RF system 10 is shown in accordance with an embodiment.

[0056] The configurable RF system 10 includes: a first RF module 11, the first RF module 11 includes a signal path 13 and an RF port 14; wherein the RF port 14 is arranged to be connected to another RF module 31 or a device under test (DUT). The first RF module 11 also includes at least a first auxiliary port 41 and a second auxiliary port 42 accessible from the outside of the first RF module 11; wherein the first auxiliary port 41 and the second auxiliary port 42 are arranged to be connected to each other through a first bridge element 52 or a first expansion module 51 of the configurable RF system 10. The signal path 13 is connected to the RF port 14 and passes through the first auxiliary port 41, and passes through the first bridge element 52 or the first expansion module 51. The signal path 13 also passes through the second auxiliary port 42.

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, the first RF module 11 may also include at least a third auxiliary port 43 and a fourth auxiliary port 44 that are also accessible from the outside of the first RF module 11. Similarly, the third auxiliary port 43 and the fourth auxiliary port 44 may be arranged to be connected to each other through a second bridge element 53 of the configurable RF system, or the first expansion module 51, or the second expansion module (not shown). Figure 1 As shown, the signal path 13 of the first RF module 11 can pass through the third auxiliary port and can also pass through the second bridge element 53 or the first expansion module 51 or the second expansion module (not shown). In addition, the signal path 13 can pass through the fourth auxiliary port 44.

[0058] The auxiliary ports 41, 42, 43, 44 may form an interface of the first RF module for connecting to the first expansion module 51 and / or the bridge elements 52, 53 (one or both). In this way, the signal path may be "directed" out of the first RF module 11 and into the first expansion module 51, where additional signal processing or conditioning steps may be performed.

[0059] exist Figure 1 As can be seen, the RF system 10 may include an optional second RF module 21, which includes a (further) signal path 23 and a (further) RF port 24, which is arranged for connection to a further (ie, third) RF module 31 or a DUT.

[0060] The second RF module 21 may have a design that is partially equivalent to the first RF module 11, and may also include at least: an (additional) first auxiliary port 41 and an (additional) second auxiliary port 42 accessible from the outside of the second RF module 21, wherein the (additional) first auxiliary port 41 and the (additional) second auxiliary port 42 are arranged to be connected to each other via a (third) bridge element 52 or a (third) extension module 51 of the configurable RF system 10. An additional signal path 23 may be connected to an additional RF port 24 of the second RF module 21 and may pass through the (additional) first auxiliary port 41, and may also pass through the (third) bridge element 52 or the (third) extension module 51. The additional signal path 23 may also pass through the additional second auxiliary port 44.

[0061] Similar to the first RF module 11, the second RF module 21 may also include an (additional) third auxiliary port 43 and an (additional) fourth auxiliary port 44 accessible from the outside of the second RF module 21. The (additional) third auxiliary port 43 and the (additional) fourth auxiliary port 44 may be arranged to be connected to each other through a (fourth) bridge element 53, or a (third) expansion module 51, or a fourth expansion module (not shown). The additional signal path 23 may pass through the additional third auxiliary port 43, and may also pass through the fourth bridge element 53, or the third expansion module 51, or the fourth expansion module. The additional signal path 23 may also pass through the additional fourth auxiliary port 44.

[0062] In particular, the auxiliary ports 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 being accessible from the outside of the RF modules 11 , 12 means that the ports 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 are accessible from the outside of the respective housings of the RF modules 11 , 12 .

[0063] The configurable and / or modular RF system 10 may be disposed between a test and / or measurement device and a DUT ( Figure 1 The front-end system between the two (not shown).

[0064] The RF system 10 may be configured to forward RF signals, particularly mmW signals, between a test and / or measurement device 72 and a DUT 71 .

[0065] The signal path 13 of the first RF module 11 and / or the signal path 23 of the second RF module 21 may be an RF signal path. For example, each signal path 13, 23 is designed as an RF waveguide, in particular a waveguide for guiding mmW radiation. The RF waveguide may be a rectangular metal waveguide.

[0066] Each of the RF ports 14, 24 and / or the auxiliary ports 41, 42, 43, 44 of the first RF module 11 and / or the second RF module 21 may include a waveguide flange. Alternatively, each of these interfaces may also be a coaxial interface.

[0067] For example, the first RF module 11 may be a transmitter (TX) module and the second RF module 21 may be a receiver (RX) module. Alternatively, both RF modules 11, 21 may also be RX modules or TX modules.

[0068] The first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 may be disposed in a common housing or in separate housings.

[0069] For example, the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 may be screwed together and / or clamped together. Alternatively or additionally, the configurable RF system 10 comprises a data connection and / or a supply voltage connection connecting the first RF module 11 with the second RF module 21 .

[0070] In addition, a coupling element 19 may be arranged at the interface of the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 and may be connected to the respective signal paths 13, 23 of the modules 11, 21. For example, through the coupling element 19, at least a portion of the RF signal may be coupled from the signal path of one RF module to the signal path of another RF module.

[0071] For example, in this way, the TX signal can be received from the TX module (e.g., Figure 1 The first RF module 11 in the embodiment is coupled to the RX module (eg, Figure 1 The switch in the second RF module 21 may be arranged to selectively forward the TX signal portion thus received or the RX signal received via the RF port 24 to a connected test and / or measurement device.

[0072] For example, in an RX / TX arrangement, the coupled output signal portion can be used as a reference receiver signal for a VNA (vector network analyzer) front end or for analyzing the output signal of a TX module (e.g., for digital predistortion of a modulated / wideband TX signal). In a TX / TX arrangement, this connection allows combining two signal sources to generate a dual-tone signal or a more-tone signal.

[0073] The coupling element 19 may be a coupler, a combiner, a splitter or a switch. The coupling element 19 may be arranged in or at a connection surface of the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 .

[0074] The first RF module 11 and / or the second RF module 21 can be connected to the DUT through the third RF module 31. For example, the DUT is connected to the RF port 36 of the third RF module 31. The third RF module 31 can provide a full-duplex or half-duplex function, that is, the third RF module 31 can selectively connect one of the two RF modules 11, 21 or both RF modules 11, 21 to the DUT through an element 35 (e.g., a switch, a coupler, a combiner, a splitter, or a multiplexer).

[0075] When the third RF module 31 is removed, the full-duplex capability of the system 10 may be released, for example to obtain a maximum output power level of the TX module or a particularly low noise figure of the RX module.

[0076] like Figure 1 As shown, the signal path 13 of the first RF module 11 and / or the signal path 23 of the second RF module 21 can be arranged so that at least the portion of the signal paths 13, 23 between the first auxiliary port 41 and the fourth auxiliary port 44 circulates through the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21, respectively.

[0077] For example, the electronic device 18 (e.g., an amplifier unit or an attenuator unit) may be arranged in the first RF module and / or the electronic device 28 (e.g., an amplifier unit or an attenuator unit) may be arranged in the second RF module, so that a portion of the signal paths 13, 23 (the portion circulating through the RF modules) respectively passes through the electronic devices 18, 28. For example, in this way, the RF signal transmitted or received by the RF modules 11, 21 can be amplified or attenuated.

[0078] The electronics 18 , 28 may include filter units, phase shifters, isolators, circulators, power detectors, mixers, signal sources and / or noise sources, modulators, coupler units, splitters, combiners, and / or RF lines.

[0079] The first RF module 11 and / or the second RF module 21 may include a plurality of sub-modules. For example, each sub-module includes two auxiliary ports among the auxiliary ports 41, 42, 43, 44. Each sub-module may have a separate housing.

[0080] Preferably, the functions of the RF modules 11 , 21 may be expanded by an expansion module 51 connected to the first RF module 11 and / or the second RF module 21 through the auxiliary ports 41 - 44 .

[0081] For example, each expansion module 51 may include at least one of the following elements: an amplifier stage, a switching unit configured to connect at least one of the auxiliary ports to another auxiliary port, an attenuator unit, a filter unit, a phase shifter, an isolator, a circulator, a power detector, a mixer, a signal source and / or a noise source, a modulator, a coupler unit, a splitter, and / or a combiner.

[0082] Furthermore, the bridge elements 52, 53, which may be bridge-like elements directly connecting two auxiliary ports, may be included in the expansion module (eg Figure 1 shown).

[0083] In this way, a user or operator can easily adjust and / or configure the RF system 10 by connecting a suitable expansion module 51 to any of the RF modules 11, 21. For example, different expansion modules 51 can be connected to the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 according to measurement requirements. Therefore, the RF system 10 can be a modular system that can be quickly adjusted by connecting a suitable expansion module 51.

[0084] It should be noted that Figure 1 The expansion module 51 connected to the two RF modules 11 and 21 is only an example. According to the requirements, a plurality of different expansion modules with different functions (e.g., Figure 2 ) shown in A)-D) in the figure may be provided and may be connected to the first RF module 11 and / or the second RF module 21.

[0085] Thus, each extension module 51 may be removably attached to the first RF module 11 or the second RF module 21 , for example by means of a plug-in connection, a threaded connection or a magnetic connection.

[0086] For example, the first extension module 51 is threadedly connected to the first RF module 11; or the first extension module 51 is magnetically connected to the first RF module 11. Magnetic attachment can replace threaded connection and allow easy installation / replacement of the extension module 51 without special tools. (Third) The extension module 51 can be attached to the second RF module 21 in the same way.

[0087] Other implementation examples / methods for attaching the expansion module 51 to the first RF module 11 and / or the second RF module 21 may include: a toggle punch, a snap lock, a rotation-based clamping device, or a manual screw or knob.

[0088] Typically, the first RF module 11 and / or the second RF module 21 comprises at least one auxiliary port 41-44 connected to the signal path 13, 23 of the respective module 11, 21. The auxiliary port may be used to couple additional RF signals to or separate additional RF signals from the respective signal path 13, 23.

[0089] For example, the TX module (e.g. Figure 1 The first RF module 11 in the RF module 11 may include an internal switch that switches the RF port 14 between a port connected to a test and / or measurement device and an auxiliary port among the auxiliary ports 41-44 that receives an external signal. For example, a noise source can be connected to the auxiliary port or to an expansion module 51 connected to the auxiliary port. For example, this enables a comprehensive characterization of the DUT (e.g., a chip / MMIC on a wafer probe system) without disconnecting the DUT and / or without modifying the measurement settings. For example, the TX module 11 can generate and / or forward CW (continuous wave) signals and / or broadband signals, such as for S-parameters, large signals, or linearity measurements. In addition, the TX module 11 can provide a noise source that can be switched to the RF port 14.

[0090] RX module (for example, Figure 1 The second RF module 21 in the embodiment may include an additional switch that can switch the output port (connected to the test and / or measurement equipment) between the signal path 23 connected to the RF port 24 and the auxiliary ports 41-44. For example, an external power meter (for calibration) can be connected to the auxiliary port.

[0091] In the case where the first RF module 11 and / or the second RF module 21 includes two or more auxiliary ports 41-44, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, different external modules 51 may be connected to the first RF module 11 and / or the second RF module 21 , and these external modules 51 extend the functions of these RF modules.

[0092] For example, the expansion module 51 can connect at least one of the following elements to the signal path of the RF module: an additional output amplifier for the TX signal path or an LNA (low noise amplifier) ​​for the RX signal path, a mixer, a level detector, a switch, one or more attenuators, filters, couplers, splitters, isolators, phase shifters, circulators, power detectors, modulators, combiners, load tuners, or source tuners. In this way, the function and / or performance of the RF modules 11, 21 can be enhanced.

[0093] If the RF module (such as Figure 1The module 11, 21 shown has four auxiliary ports 41-44, and the internal functional blocks of the module (for example, the external stage in the TX module) can be bypassed by selectively connecting the auxiliary ports to the bridge elements.

[0094] Figure 2 A)-D) in FIG. 5 shows schematic diagrams of different expansion modules 51 according to an embodiment. For example, Figure 2 Each module 51 shown in A)-D) can be connected to Figure 1 The auxiliary ports 41-44 of the first RF module 11 and / or the second RF module 21 in the embodiment.

[0095] For example, Figure 2 The expansion module 51 shown in A) includes four ports 56 that can be connected to the four auxiliary ports 41-44 of the RF modules 11, 21 (one or both). The expansion module 51 also includes an electrically or mechanically controlled switch 55, which can generate a bypass between the port 56 connected to the first auxiliary port 41 and the second auxiliary port 42 of the RF module, and / or between the port 56 connected to the third auxiliary port 43 and the fourth auxiliary port 44 of the RF module. However, the switch 55 can also connect the corresponding external port 54 to the first auxiliary port 41 and the fourth auxiliary port 44. The external port 54 can be connected to another external module or another element, such as a signal source or a noise source. Therefore, Figure 2 The expansion module 51 in A) can provide an electrical or mechanical controlled bypass for additional external modules.

[0096] Figure 2 The expansion module 51 shown in B) in FIG. 1 can also provide an electrical or mechanical controlled bypass for an external source (e.g., a noise source, a signal source). Thus, the switch 55 can switch between a connection between two ports 56 connected to the third auxiliary port 43 and the fourth auxiliary port 44 and a connection between the fourth auxiliary port 44 and the external port 54.

[0097] When connected to a TX module, the external port 54 may be a feed port configured to receive an RF signal; and the connected RF module 11 (e.g., a TX module) may be configured to send the RF signal thus received to its RF port. Alternatively, when connected to an RX module, the external port 54 may be a receiving port configured to output an RF signal sent through the signal path of the RX module.

[0098] Figure 2 The expansion module 51 shown in C) is a high output power module. The module 51 includes an amplifier unit 57 (eg, including one or more amplifiers), which can be inserted and / or connected to the signal path of the RF module. For example, Figure 2The expansion module 51 in C) can be connected to the TX module to increase the output level of the TX signal.

[0099] Alternatively, the extension module 51 may comprise an attenuator and / or an LNA, for example for connection to an RX module.

[0100] For example, by connecting such an extension module 51 to an RX module or a TX module, the performance of the RX / TX module can be enhanced without reducing its functionality. Therefore, when measuring a new DUT with higher performance requirements for the power output stage, it is not necessary to redesign the RF modules 11, 21 (one or both).

[0101] Figure 2 The extension module 51 shown in D) allows switching between a connection to an electronic device 18, 28 (e.g. a power amplifier unit) of a connected RF module and a bridging element arranged to bypass the electronic device 18, 28 by directly connecting the first auxiliary port 41 and the fourth auxiliary port 44 of the RF module.

[0102] When connected to an RX module, the extension module 51 can be used, for example, to improve the performance of a low noise amplifier, to bypass the LNA to increase the input level, or to connect an additional attenuator to reduce the input level.

[0103] In case the RF module has multiple auxiliary ports 41 - 44 , preferably four auxiliary ports, connected to the signal path, the extension module can be used to bypass a portion of the signal path (eg a power amplifier in TX or an LNA in RX).

[0104] Furthermore, a single expansion module 51 may provide multiple functions by being designed as a reversible plate that may be removed for "reconfiguration," rotated about its own axis and reinstalled onto the RF module.

[0105] Figure 1 The expansion module 51 connected to the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 in FIG. 1 is an example of an expansion module having such a flip-able board design. For example, in the current installation configuration, the expansion module 51 connects the bridge element 52 to the first auxiliary port 41 and the second auxiliary port 42 of the RF modules 11 and 21, and connects the bridge element 53 to the third auxiliary port 43 and the fourth auxiliary port 44 of the RF modules 11 and 21. In this configuration, the electronic devices 18 and 28 of each module are connected to the corresponding signal paths 13 and 23.

[0106] However, when the expansion module 51 is turned and mounted on the opposite side by its RF port, the additional bridge element 58 connects the corresponding first auxiliary port 41 and the fourth auxiliary port 44. The additional bridge element 58 forms a bypass element for bypassing the electronic device 18, 28 (i.e., the electronic device is not connected to the signal path 13, 23 through which the RF signal is forwarded). In this way, the electronic device 18, 28 can be switched into or out of the signal path 13, 23.

[0107] When using more complex modules on the additional auxiliary ports 41-44, electrically controllable switching is also possible.

[0108] Preferably, the expansion modules 51 can be exchanged during operation of the RF system 10. Here, during operation means that when the expansion module(s) 51 are exchanged, the DUT does not have to be disconnected (ie, disconnected from the third RF module 31).

[0109] Furthermore, the RF modules 11, 21 may be configured to automatically detect a connected expansion module 51. Thus, during operation, new or additional options in the software of the RF modules 11, 21 or the test and / or measurement device may be activated to adjust the system 10 in operation.

[0110] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a configurable RF system 10 is shown according to an embodiment. Figure 3 The system 10 shown in FIG. 1 can be used with Figure 1 The same system as shown in . Figure 3 The expansion module 51 and the auxiliary ports 41 - 44 are not shown.

[0111] Figure 3 The RF system 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes: a first RF module 11, and a second RF module 21 attached to the first RF module 11. The first RF module 11 may include: an RF circuit 12, a signal path 13 (particularly a waveguide), and an RF port 14 connected to the signal path 13; the second RF module 21 may include: an RF circuit 22, a signal path 23 (particularly a waveguide), and an RF port 24 connected to the signal path 23. The RF port 14 of the first RF module 11 and the RF port 24 of the second RF module 21 may be spaced apart by a predetermined distance and oriented to be connected to a third RF module 31 of the configurable RF system 10.

[0112] The configurable RF system 10 may be a front-end system arranged between a test and / or measurement device 72 and a DUT 71. In particular, the first RF module 11 may include a dedicated RF port 17, and the second RF module 21 may include a dedicated RF port 27, and the dedicated RF ports 17 and 27 are used to connect to the RF ports of the test and / or measurement device.

[0113] Each of the RF ports 14, 17 of the first RF module and / or the RF ports 24, 27 of the second RF module may be designed as a waveguide flange or may include a waveguide flange. Alternatively, each of these interfaces may also be designed as a coaxial interface or include a coaxial interface.

[0114] Furthermore, the first RF module 11 may include a data interface 15 and / or the second RF module 21 may include a data interface 25. The data interface may be a USB interface.

[0115] For example, the RF modules 11 and 21 may receive control commands via a data interface. In one example, the RF modules 11 and 21 may activate RF elements (e.g., amplifiers, attenuators, filters, etc.) or switch RF elements into a signal path upon receiving corresponding control commands. In this way, the RF modules 11 and 21 may be configured or adjusted for specific measurements without manually changing measurement settings.

[0116] The first RF module 11 may further include a power interface 16 and / or the second RF module 21 may further include a power interface 26 . The power interfaces 16 and 26 are, for example, power supply voltage interfaces.

[0117] The data interfaces 15 , 25 and / or the power interfaces 16 , 26 may be connected to a testing and / or measuring device 72 .

[0118] In addition, the third RF module 31 may also include a data interface and / or a power interface. For example, through these interfaces, the third RF module 31 may receive power from the first RF module 11 or the second RF module 21 or from the test and / or measurement device 72, and / or may supply energy to another RF module.

[0119] The RF circuit 12 of the first RF module 11 can be connected to the signal path 13 of the first RF module 11 and can include one or more elements configured to adjust and / or condition the RF signal transmitted through the signal path 13, and / or the RF circuit 22 of the second RF module 21 can be connected to the signal path 23 of the second RF module 21 and can include one or more elements configured to adjust and / or condition the RF signal transmitted through the signal path 23. For example, each of the RF circuits 12, 22 can include at least one of the following: an RF amplifier, an RF mixer, an RF attenuator, an RF switch, an RF isolator, a combiner, a coupler, a multiplier, a multiplier, a circulator, a phase shifter, and / or a delay line. The electronic device 18 of the first RF module 11 and / or the electronic device 28 of the second RF module 21 can be a component of the RF circuits 12, 22 of the corresponding module.

[0120] The test and / or measurement equipment 72 may be a device that generates signals and forwards them to the RF system 10 (e.g., a signal generator or a VNA), or may be a device that receives signals from the RF system (e.g., a spectrum analyzer or a network analyzer). The configurable RF system 10 including the RX module and the TX module may be used as a front-end system for both types of equipment.

[0121] For example, the RF port of the TX module (which forms the output port) and the RF port of the RX module (which forms the input port) can be connected to the third RF module 31 (e.g., without opening these modules). Then, the third RF module 31 can selectively connect any of these ports 14, 24 to the DUT 71.

[0122] Alternatively, both the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 may be RX modules or TX modules.

[0123] The third RF module 31 may include at least three RF ports 32, 33, 36. The three RF ports 32, 33, 36 may be designed as waveguide flanges or may include waveguide flanges.

[0124] In particular, the third RF module 31 includes: two RF ports 32, 33, which are separated by a predetermined distance and are designed to be connected to the RF port 14 of the first RF module 11 and the RF port 24 of the second RF module 21 respectively; and another RF port 36, which is arranged to be connected to the DUT 71.

[0125] The third RF module may further include at least one element 35 connected to the three RF ports 32 , 33 , 36 via a signal path 34 , in particular, the signal path 34 is a waveguide (eg a rectangular metal waveguide).

[0126] The at least one element 35 may include a switch (eg, a mechanically or electronically controllable switch), a coupler, a combiner, a splitter, or a multiplexer.

[0127] The third RF module 31 may be configured to switch the RF port 14 of the first RF module 11 and the RF port 24 of the second RF module 21 to another single port 36 , which may be connected to the DUT.

[0128] For example, if the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 are RX modules and TX modules, respectively, the third RF module 31 can selectively switch its other RF port 36 (which can be connected to the DUT) to an RX module or a TX module. In this way, a half-duplex system can be released. If the element 35 is a coupler, a combiner or a splitter, the system 10 can even form a full-duplex system.

[0129] If the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 are both TX modules, the third RF module 31 may generate a two-tone signal by combining the respective RF signals received through the RF ports 32 and 33 .

[0130] The third RF module 31 may comprise further functionalities, such as a digital interface, enabling characteristic data to be stored in the module for signal correction, transmission or reflection measurements (depending on the frequency).

[0131] For example, the third RF module 31 may further include a digital data memory configured to store device data about the third RF module 31. The data memory may be coupled to a digital interface (e.g., a data interface) of the third RF module 31, wherein the digital interface is suitable for coupling the third RF module 31 with an external communication partner (e.g., a test and / or measurement device). For example, the device data stored in the digital data memory may include a unique identifier of the third RF module 31 and / or data characterizing the RF signal path 34 and RF ports 32, 33, 36 (one or more) of the third RF module 31. The digital data memory may also receive control data and / or updated device data for controlling the third RF module 31 via the digital interface. Updated device data may be stored.

[0132] The third RF module 31 may be detachably attached to the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21. For example, the third RF module 31 may be attached to the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 by means of a plug-in connection, a screw connection, or a magnetic connection.

[0133] In one example, the connection is established by threading the waveguide flanges of the RF port 14 of the first RF module 11 and the RF port 24 of the second RF module 21 to the flanges of the complementary RF ports 32 and 33 of the third RF module 31 .

[0134] In addition, the third RF module 31 can be removed from the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 to use the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 separately and / or improve the performance of these modules 11, 21 (for example, by reducing the attenuation of the two modules). In this way, for example, the noise figure of the RX module and the output power of the TX module can be improved.

[0135] In addition, the RF system 10 may include an external multiplexer module. This external multiplexer module may be used instead of the third RF module 31 or in addition to the third RF module 31, and the multiplexer module may switch between multiple additional RF ports (e.g., multiple input and output ports for connecting to one or more DUTs) of the third RF module 31. These additional RF ports may be bidirectional ports. For example, multiple DUTs may be connected to additional RF ports, such as two or more antennas for OTA measurements with cross polarization and co-polarization.

[0136] For example, the third RF module 31 may include an active or passive impedance tuner. The impedance tuner may allow a user to adjust the impedance value and perform a specific impedance measurement. For example, in this way, source pull and / or load pull measurements may be performed without the need to connect an additional external impedance tuner.

[0137] The first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21 can be arranged at a properly defined distance and in a properly defined orientation from each other, and can be attached to each other (e.g., threadedly connected to each other). Therefore, the RF port 14 of the first RF module 11 and the RF port 24 of the second RF module 21 can be spaced apart at a predetermined distance and orientation with a high tolerance of less than or equal to 100 μm. When the RF ports 14, 24 are waveguide interfaces (e.g., waveguide flanges), and when the third RF module 31 is attached to the first RF module 11 and the second RF module 21, the RF ports 14, 24 should be aligned as accurately as possible (i.e., without offset) with the complementary RF ports 32, 33 of the third RF module 31, and this high tolerance is particularly important.

[0138] For example, the alignment of the RF port 14 of the first RF module 11 and the RF port 24 of the second RF module 21 meets the requirement of maximum allowable misalignment according to IEEE Standard 1785.2-2016.

[0139] Figure 4A schematic diagram of a configurable RF system 10 according to an embodiment is shown. Thus, the RF system 10 is used as a front end for a test and / or measurement device 72 (e.g., a signal source or a signal analyzer) for analyzing a DUT on a wafer. The DUT may be an MMIC or a thin film circuit on a wafer 73, which may be placed on a chuck 74 of a wafer prober.

[0140] Figure 4 The system shown includes a first RF module and a second RF module connected to an RF port of a test and / or measurement device 72 .

[0141] The extension module 51 is connected to at least two auxiliary ports 41, 42 of the first RF module 11. In addition, the two RF modules 11, 21 are connected to the third RF module 31 through their (main) RF ports 14, 24. The third RF module (e.g., an external combiner module for combining the RF modules 11 and 21) is in turn connected to the DUT. For example, the third RF module 31 is electrically connected to the DUT through the tip of the wafer probe 75.

[0142] Within the scope of the invention, all features described above or all features shown in the drawings can be combined with one another in any advantageous manner.

Claims

1. A configurable radio frequency (RF) system (10), comprising: A first RF module (11), the first RF module comprising a signal path (13) and an RF port (14); wherein the RF port (14) is arranged to be connected to another RF module (31) or a device under test DUT (71); Wherein, the first RF module (11) further comprises at least a first auxiliary port (41) and a second auxiliary port (42) accessible from outside the first RF module (11); wherein the first auxiliary port (41) and the second auxiliary port (42) are arranged to be connected to each other via a first bridge element (52) or a first expansion module (51) of the configurable RF system (10); Wherein, the signal path (13) is connected to the RF port (14) and passes through: - said first auxiliary port (41), - the first bridging element (52) or the first expansion module (51), and - said second auxiliary port (42).

2. The configurable RF system (10) according to claim 1, in, The first RF module (11) comprises at least a third auxiliary port (43) and a fourth auxiliary port (44) accessible from outside the first RF module (11); wherein the third auxiliary port (43) and the fourth auxiliary port (44) are arranged to be connected to each other via a second bridge element (53) of the configurable RF system (10) or the first expansion module (51) or the second expansion module; Wherein, the signal path (13) also passes through: - said third auxiliary port (43), - the second bridging element (53) or the first extension module (51) or the second extension module, and - said fourth auxiliary port (44).

3. The configurable RF system (10) of claim 2, wherein: At least a portion of the signal path (13) between the first auxiliary port (41) and the fourth auxiliary port (44) passes through the first RF module (11).

4. The configurable RF system (10) according to claim 3, in, The first RF module (11) comprises an electronic device (18), in particular an amplifier unit; The portion of the signal path (13) that passes through the first RF module (11) passes through the electronic device (18).

5. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The first expansion module (51) comprises at least one of the following elements: the first bridge element (52), an amplifier stage, a switching unit configured to connect at least one of the auxiliary ports (41, 42) to the other auxiliary port (41, 42), an attenuator unit, a filter unit, a phase shifter, an isolator, a circulator, a power detector, a mixer, a signal source and / or a noise source, a modulator, a coupler unit, a splitter, a combiner, and / or a DUT port.

6. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in, The first expansion module (51) includes a feed port (54) configured to receive an RF signal; and The first expansion module (51) is configured to transmit the RF signal to the RF port (14) of the first RF module (11).

7. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: The first RF module (11) is a transmitter module and / or a receiver module.

8. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising: a second RF module (21), the second RF module comprising an additional signal path (23) and an additional RF port (24); wherein the further RF port (24) of the second RF module (21) is arranged to be connected to the further RF module (31) or the DUT (71) or another DUT; wherein the second RF module (21) further comprises at least an additional first auxiliary port (41) and an additional second auxiliary port (42) accessible from outside the second RF module (21); wherein the further first auxiliary port (41) and the further second auxiliary port (42) are arranged to be connected to each other via a third bridge element (52) or a third expansion module (51) of the configurable RF system (10); wherein the further signal path (23) is connected to the further RF port (24) and passes through: - said further first auxiliary port (41), - the third bridge element (52) or the third expansion module (51), and - said further second auxiliary port (42).

9. The configurable RF system (10) according to claim 8, in, The second RF module (21) comprises at least a further third auxiliary port (43) and a further fourth auxiliary port (44) accessible from outside the second RF module (21); wherein the further third auxiliary port (43) and the further fourth auxiliary port (44) are arranged to be connected to each other via a fourth bridge element (53) of the configurable RF system (10) or the third expansion module (51) or the fourth expansion module; The additional signal path (23) further passes through: - said further third auxiliary port (43), - the fourth bridge element (53) or the third expansion module (51) or the fourth expansion module, and - said further fourth auxiliary port (44).

10. The configurable RF system (10) of claim 9, wherein: At least a portion of the further signal path (23) between the further first auxiliary port (41) and the further fourth auxiliary port (44) runs through the second RF module (21).

11. The configurable RF system (10) according to claim 10, in, The second RF module (21) comprises further electronic equipment (28), in particular an amplifier unit; The portion of the further signal path (23) that passes through the second RF module (21) passes through the further electronic device (28).

12. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein: The third expansion module (51) comprises at least one of the following elements: the third bridge element (52), an amplifier stage, a switching unit configured to connect at least one of the auxiliary ports (41, 42) to the other auxiliary port (41, 42), an attenuator unit, a filter unit, a phase shifter, an isolator, a circulator, a power detector, a mixer, a signal source and / or a noise source, a modulator, a coupler unit, a splitter, a combiner, and / or a DUT port.

13. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein: The third expansion module (51) includes a receiving port (54) configured to output the RF signal transmitted through the additional signal path of the second RF module (21).

14. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein: The first RF module (11) and the second RF module (21) are arranged in a common housing or in separate housings.

15. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 8 to 14, in, The first RF module (11) further comprises at least one of the following: a data interface, a coaxial interface, and a power supply voltage interface; and / or Wherein, the second RF module (21) includes at least one of the following: a data interface, a coaxial interface, and a power supply voltage interface.

16. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 8 to 15, in, The first RF module (11) and the second RF module (21) are threaded together and / or clamped together; and / or Wherein, the configurable RF system (10) comprises a data connection and / or a supply voltage connection connecting the first RF module (11) with the second RF module (21).

17. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein: The first extension module (51) is removably attached to the first RF module (11) by means of a plug-in connection, a threaded connection or a magnetic connection.

18. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein: The first RF module (11) includes a plurality of sub-modules.

19. The configurable RF system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein: During operation of the configurable RF system (10), the first bridge element (52) or the first expansion module (51) can be exchanged with a different bridge element or expansion module.

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