A heat-insulating self-heating life jacket

Abstract

The present invention discloses a heat-insulating self-heating life jacket, comprising a life jacket body; a self-heating module is provided on the back of the life jacket body; the self-heating module comprises a heating layer, a hydrophilic layer and a waterproof protective layer which are sequentially stacked from the inside to the outside; the thickness of the hydrophilic layer gradually increases from bottom to top; the waterproof protective layer is detachably connected to the hydrophilic layer to expose the hydrophilic layer; the heating layer can be consumed sequentially from bottom to top, thereby ensuring the continuity and stability of the heating, providing more lasting warmth for a person who falls into the water, effectively preventing the person from suffering from hypothermia due to low temperature, and improving the person's chance of survival in the water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underwater lifesaving, in particular to a heat-insulating self-heating life jacket. Background Art

[0002] Life jackets are crucial safety equipment in water activities. Their core function is to provide buoyancy to those who fall into the water, ensuring they remain afloat and buying valuable time for rescue. However, in practice, especially in cold waters, traditional life jackets, which only provide buoyancy, have significant limitations.

[0003] While current life jackets on the market are constantly being optimized in terms of materials and structure to improve buoyancy and comfort, they still struggle with insulation. While some products attempt to use thicker materials to block the chill, these still fail to fundamentally address the problem of heat loss in the water. Furthermore, these "insulated" life jackets often sacrifice lightness and flexibility while increasing insulation performance, making it difficult for those in the water to move around and potentially even hindering their ability to self-rescue. Therefore, developing a life jacket that can self-heat and maintain warmth is of great practical significance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a heat-insulating self-heating life jacket, so that the heating layer can be consumed in sequence from bottom to top, thereby ensuring the continuity and stability of heating, providing more lasting warmth for people who fall into the water, thereby effectively preventing people from hypothermia due to low temperatures and increasing the chance of survival of people who fall into the water.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the specific solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0006] A heat-insulating, self-heating life jacket comprises a life jacket body; a self-heating module is provided on the back of the life jacket body; the self-heating module comprises a heating layer, a hydrophilic layer and a waterproof protective layer stacked in sequence from the inside out; the thickness of the hydrophilic layer gradually increases from bottom to top; the waterproof protective layer is detachably connected to the hydrophilic layer to expose the hydrophilic layer.

[0007] Optionally, the heating layer includes a plurality of heating blocks separated by non-woven fabrics, and the plurality of heating blocks are sequentially spaced apart along the height direction of the hydrophilic layer.

[0008] Optionally, the heating block includes iron powder, activated carbon, inorganic salt and auxiliary materials; the auxiliary materials are one or two of vermiculite and water-absorbent resin.

[0009] Optionally, the hydrophilic layer is made of a water-soluble high molecular polymer.

[0010] Optionally, the water-soluble high molecular polymer is gelatin or polyvinyl alcohol.

[0011] Optionally, a sealing ring is further provided on the inner side of the back of the life jacket body.

[0012] Optionally, a plurality of heat conduction sheets are embedded in the back of the life jacket body, and the plurality of heat conduction sheets are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the life jacket body; the upper end of each heat conduction sheet is in contact with the heating layer.

[0013] Optionally, a floating piece is provided on the outside of the front portion of the life jacket body; the floating piece is made of polystyrene foam material.

[0014] Optionally, a connecting ear is provided on the outer surface of the waterproof protective layer so that the waterproof protective layer can be detached from the hydrophilic layer through the connecting ear.

[0015] Optionally, an adjustment device is provided on the outer side of the back of the life jacket body; the adjustment device includes an I-shaped guide seat; rudder surface assemblies are respectively slidably provided between the two ends of the upper cross arm and the two ends of the lower cross arm of the guide seat, that is, the rudder surface assembly is slidably provided between the two ends of the upper cross arm and the lower cross arm on the same side; the two rudder surface assemblies have the same structure; each rudder surface assembly is passed through a draw rope, and lugs are provided at intervals on both sides of the life jacket body; the two ends of the draw rope are respectively passed through the lugs, and the two ends of the draw rope are connected to the same float; when the rudder surface assembly slides out of the guide seat, the rudder surface assembly can be pulled to swing by the draw rope.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: when the heat-insulating self-heating life jacket of the present invention is used, the waterproof protective layer is torn off from the hydrophilic layer. The hydrophilic layer has good water absorption. Water first penetrates into the heating layer through the thin end of the hydrophilic layer, causing the heating layer to start reacting and generating heat. Since the thickness of the hydrophilic layer gradually increases from bottom to top, the heating layer can be consumed in sequence from bottom to top, thereby ensuring the continuity and stability of the heating, providing more lasting warmth for the person who falls into the water, thereby effectively preventing the person who falls into the water from hypothermia due to low temperature, and improving the survival rate of the person who falls into the water. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram provided by Example 1 of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of another perspective provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a self-heating module provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5This is a structural diagram of the rudder assembly in the retracted state provided by the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the rudder assembly in the open state provided by the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rudder assembly provided in the second embodiment of the present invention in the stowed state;

[0024] Figure 8 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the control surface assembly provided in the second embodiment of the present invention when it is in an open state;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the control surface assembly provided by the second embodiment of the present invention when it is in an open state and the guide seat is hidden;

[0026] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support rod, the swing member and the second spring provided in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 11 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a support base provided in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 12 is a structural schematic diagram of a guide seat provided in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Life jacket body; 11. Lug; 12. Fastening assembly; 2. Self-heating module; 21. Heating layer; 211. Non-woven fabric; 212. Heating block; 22. Hydrophilic layer; 23. Waterproof protective layer; 231. Connecting lug; 3. Sealing ring; 4. Heat transfer plate; 5. Floating element; 6. Adjusting device; 61. Guide seat; 611. First parallel section; 612. Second parallel section; 613. Connecting section; 614. Third parallel section; 621. High-pressure gas tank; 622. Ejector pin Mouth; 623, first spring; 624, water-soluble limit block; 625, telescopic hose; 631, support seat; 6311, arc hole; 6312, locking hole; 632, slider; 633, torsion spring; 634, support rod; 6341, hinge shaft; 635, foldable rudder; 6361, first rocker arm; 6362, second rocker arm; 6363, first bayonet; 6364, second bayonet; 6365, connecting shaft; 637, second spring; 638, pull rope; 6381, float. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the scope of implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0031] Example 1: Figures 1 to 4As shown, the heat-insulating self-heating life jacket described in this embodiment includes a life jacket body 1; a self-heating module 2 is provided on the back of the life jacket body 1; the self-heating module 2 includes a heating layer 21, a hydrophilic layer 22 and a waterproof protective layer 23 stacked in sequence from the inside to the outside; the thickness of the hydrophilic layer 22 gradually increases from bottom to top; the waterproof protective layer 23 is detachably connected to the hydrophilic layer 22 to expose the hydrophilic layer 22.

[0032] Specifically, when the thermal insulation self-heating life jacket of this embodiment is in use, the waterproof protective layer 23 is torn off from the hydrophilic layer 22. The hydrophilic layer 22 has good water absorption. Water first penetrates into the heating layer 21 through the thin end of the hydrophilic layer 22, causing the heating layer 21 to start reacting to generate heat. Since the thickness of the hydrophilic layer 22 gradually increases from bottom to top, the heating layer 21 can be consumed in sequence from bottom to top, thereby ensuring the continuity and stability of the heating, providing more lasting warmth for the person who falls into the water, thereby effectively preventing the person who falls into the water from hypothermia due to low temperature, and increasing the chance of survival of the person who falls into the water.

[0033] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, in the thermal insulation self-heating life jacket of this embodiment, in some embodiments, the heating layer 21 includes a plurality of heating blocks 212 separated by a non-woven fabric 211, and the plurality of heating blocks 212 are arranged in sequence along the height direction of the hydrophilic layer 22; such arrangement allows the plurality of heating blocks 212 to contact with water in sequence from bottom to top, so that the heating blocks 212 spontaneously generate heat to keep the user warm, thereby ensuring the continuity and stability of the heating.

[0034] In the heat-insulating self-heating life jacket of this embodiment, in some embodiments, the heating block 212 includes iron powder, activated carbon, inorganic salt and auxiliary materials; the auxiliary materials are one or two of vermiculite and water-absorbent resin; that is, the heating principle of the heating block 212 is the same as that of a hot pack, thereby achieving a self-heating effect, and its principle process will not be repeated here.

[0035] In some embodiments of the heat-insulating, self-heating life jacket of this embodiment, the hydrophilic layer 22 is made of a water-soluble polymer. Preferably, the water-soluble polymer is gelatin or polyvinyl alcohol. This arrangement ensures water permeability, thereby ensuring that the heating block 212 can spontaneously react and generate heat when in contact with water.

[0036] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments of the heat-insulating self-heating life jacket of this embodiment, a sealing ring 3 is further provided on the inner side of the back of the life jacket body 1. Specifically, when in use, the sealing ring 3 contacts the back of the user, allowing the heat of the heating block 212 to effectively play a role.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the heat-insulating, self-heating life jacket of this embodiment, multiple heat-conducting sheets 4 are embedded in the back of the life jacket body 1. These sheets are spaced apart along the width of the life jacket body 1; the upper end of each sheet 4 contacts the heating layer 21. By providing multiple sheets 4, the heat generated by the heating layer 21 is transferred to the entire back of the wearer, providing enhanced warmth. Preferably, the sheets 4 are copper for higher heat conduction efficiency.

[0038] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments of the heat-insulating, self-heating life jacket of this embodiment, a float 5 is provided on the front exterior of the life jacket body 1; the float 5 is made of polystyrene foam. This embodiment prevents the life jacket body 1 from becoming inoperable due to air leakage. Preferably, multiple floats 5 are provided, evenly distributed across the front of the life jacket body 1.

[0039] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments of the heat-insulating self-heating life jacket of this embodiment, a connecting ear 231 is provided on the outer surface of the waterproof protective layer 23, so that the waterproof protective layer 23 can be removed from the hydrophilic layer 22 via the connecting ear 231. In this way, the waterproof protective layer 23 can be easily torn off through the connecting ear 231 during actual use, making the operation more convenient.

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the heat-insulating, self-heating life jacket of this embodiment includes a fastening assembly 12 on the front exterior of the life jacket body 1. This embodiment provides the fastening assembly 12 to securely restrain the life jacket body 1 on the wearer, effectively preventing the life jacket body 1 from coming loose from the wearer, and providing a more reliable structure. Exemplarily, the fastening assembly 12 includes a strap and a buckle.

[0041] Example 2: Figures 5 to 12As shown, based on the first embodiment, the heat-insulating self-heating life jacket of this embodiment is provided with an adjustment device 6 on the outer side of the back of the life jacket body 1; the adjustment device 6 includes an I-shaped guide seat 61; rudder surface assemblies are respectively provided between the two ends of the upper cross arm and the two ends of the lower cross arm of the guide seat 61, that is, the rudder surface assembly is slidably provided between the two ends of the upper cross arm and the lower cross arm on the same side; the two rudder surface assemblies have the same structure; each rudder surface assembly is passed through a pull rope 638, and lugs 11 are provided at intervals on both sides of the life jacket body 1; the two ends of the pull rope 638 respectively pass through the lug 11, and the two ends of the pull rope 638 are connected to the same float 6381; when the rudder surface assembly slides out of the guide seat 61, the rudder surface assembly can be pulled to swing by the pull rope 638.

[0042] Specifically, by providing a lug 11 on the life jacket body 1, the drawstring 638 is fixed so that the user can grab it and it is also convenient for the user to pull the drawstring 638. By providing a float 6381, the user can grab the drawstring 638 in the water and prevent the drawstring 638 from detaching from the rudder assembly. When in use, the two rudder assemblies are slid out of the guide seat 61, and then the user grabs the floating float 6381 and pulls the drawstring 638 through the float 6381, thereby pulling the rudder assembly to swing through the drawstring 638. Figure 6 As shown, the deflection angle of the rudder assembly is adjusted, so that the water flow acting on the rudder assemblies with different deflection angles will generate forces of different directions and magnitudes, thereby driving the user to move in the direction he wants, achieving effective control of the floating direction, and allowing the user to independently control the floating direction in a complex water flow environment. This not only helps the drowning person to better conserve physical strength and wait for rescue, but also allows the user to actively approach a safe area or wait for rescue to a certain extent, which is conducive to reducing the difficulty of rescue and improving the efficiency of rescue. It not only ensures the safety and stability of the life jacket under normal circumstances, but also can quickly and reliably play a role after falling into the water, providing better protection and support for the drowning person.

[0043] like Figure 7 and Figure 9 As shown, in the heat-insulating self-heating life jacket of this embodiment, in some embodiments, a high-pressure gas tank 621 and two ejector nozzles 622 are respectively provided above and below the high-pressure gas tank 621 in the vertical arm of the guide seat 61, and a first spring 623 is connected between the end of the ejector nozzle 622 away from the high-pressure gas tank 621 and the inner wall of the guide seat 61, and a water-soluble limit block 624 is respectively provided in the vertical arm of the guide seat 61 corresponding to the two ejector nozzles 622; the water-soluble limit block 624 abuts against the ejector nozzle 622 to keep the first spring 623 in a compressed state.

[0044] Specifically, after the life jacket body 1 enters the water, the water-soluble limit block 624 begins to dissolve, thereby releasing the restriction on the ejector nozzle 622. At this time, the first spring 623 is released, and the first spring 623 pushes the ejector nozzle 622 to slide quickly toward the high-pressure gas tank 621, so that the ejector nozzle 622 pierces the high-pressure gas tank 621. The high-pressure gas in the high-pressure gas tank 621 is quickly released through the ejector nozzle 622, thereby pushing the two rudder surface assemblies to slide outward. That is, the two rudder surface assemblies automatically extend from both sides of the back of the life jacket body 1, so that the user can independently control the floating direction, which is conducive to improving the success rate of rescue.

[0045] Furthermore, if Figures 6 to 9 As shown, each rudder assembly includes a support seat 631 and two sliding sliders 632; one slider 632 is provided on the upper cross arm, and the other slider 632 is provided on the lower cross arm. The two ends of the upper cross arm and the two ends of the lower cross arm are respectively provided with a slide groove, and the two ends of the support seat 631 are respectively provided in the slide groove, and the two ends of the support seat 631 are respectively hinged to the corresponding sliders 632; a torsion spring 633 is connected between the two ends of the support seat 631 and the corresponding sliders 632; by providing the torsion spring 633, the torque of the torsion spring 633 is utilized so that when the user releases the pull rope 638, the support seat 631 can be reset under the action of the torsion spring 633; ​​a telescopic hose 625 is connected between each slider 632 and the corresponding ejector nozzle 622, that is, the telescopic hose 625 is connected between the slider 632 located above and the ejector nozzle 622 located above. A telescopic hose 625 is connected between the slider 632 below and the ejector nozzle 622 located below; both ends of the support seat 631 respectively support rods 634, one end of the support rod 634 is hinged to the support seat 631, and a pull rope 638 is passed through the other end of the two support rods 634; a foldable rudder surface 635 is connected between the two support rods 634, and the rudder surface material is a high-hardness fabric such as aramid fiber plants and carbon fiber composite fabrics; when the two ends of the support seat 631 are respectively located in the sliding groove, that is, when the support seat 631 is in the storage state, the support rod 634 is accommodated in the support seat 631, that is, in the storage state, so that the foldable rudder surface 635 is in the folded state; when the two ends of the support seat 631 respectively slide out of the sliding groove, that is, when the support seat 631 is in the extended state, the support rod 634 flips outward to open, so that the foldable rudder surface 635 is in the open state.

[0046] Initially, the support seat 631 is located in the guide seat 61, and the support rod 634 is in a retracted state, so that the foldable rudder surface 635 is in a folded state; when the ejector nozzle 622 pierces the high-pressure gas tank 621, the high-pressure gas enters each telescopic hose 625 through the ejector nozzle 622, thereby pushing the respectively connected sliders 632 to slide, the telescopic hose 625 extends, and the slider 632 drives the support seat 631 to slide until the support seat 631 slides out of the slide groove. At this time, the support rod 634 flips outward and opens, so that the foldable rudder surface 635 is in an open state, so that the contact area between the rudder surface assembly and the water flow is larger, so as to adjust the floating direction.

[0047] Preferably, the upper cross arm and the lower cross arm are respectively provided with limiting grooves, and the slider 632 is slidably connected in the limiting grooves. This arrangement prevents the slider 632 from separating from the guide seat 61 under the action of air pressure, and the structural reliability is higher.

[0048] like Figures 8 to 10 As shown, in the heat-insulating self-heating life jacket of this embodiment, in some embodiments, a hinge shaft 6341 is provided at one end of the support rod 634, and swing members are respectively provided at both ends of the hinge shaft 6341; the swing member includes a first swing rod 6361 located inside the support seat 631 and a second swing rod 6362 located outside the support seat 631, the first swing rod 6361 is provided with a first latch 6363, the second swing rod 6362 is provided with a second latch 6364, a connecting shaft 6365 is connected between the first swing rod 6361 and the second swing rod 6362, the support seat 631 is provided with an arc hole 6311 corresponding to the position of each swing member, and the connecting shaft 6365 movably passes through the arc hole 6311; a locking hole 6312 is provided at one end of the support seat 631 corresponding to each arc hole 6311; a second spring 637 is connected between the second swing rod 6362 and the support seat 631;

[0049] like Figure 12 As shown, the inner side wall of each slide groove is respectively provided with a guide groove; the guide groove includes a first parallel section 611, a second parallel section 612 and a connecting section 613 which are spaced apart in an upper and lower manner; the length of the first parallel section 611 is less than the length of the second parallel section 612, and the two ends of the connecting section 613 are respectively connected to the end of the first parallel section 611 away from the vertical arm and the end of the second parallel section 612 away from the vertical arm, and the end of the second parallel section 612 away from the vertical arm is horizontally connected to the third parallel section 614, and the depth of the third parallel section 614 is greater than the depth of the second parallel section 612; when the support seat 631 is in the storage state, the hinge shaft 6341 is movably embedded in the second parallel section 612, and the second latch 6364 is movably embedded in the first parallel section 611.

[0050] Specifically, at the beginning, the hinge shaft 6341 is movably embedded in the second parallel section 612, and the second bayonet 6364 is movably embedded in the first parallel section 611; when the ejector nozzle 622 pierces the high-pressure gas tank 621, the support seat 631 slides outward, and the support seat 631 drives the support rod 634 and the foldable rudder surface 635 to move outward synchronously, and the hinge shaft 6341 and the second bayonet 6364 move along the second parallel section 612 and the first parallel section 611 respectively. When the second pin 6364 enters the second parallel section 612 through the connecting section 613, the swing member deflects and the connecting shaft 6365 moves along the trajectory of the arc hole 6311, thereby driving the support rod 634 to deflect through the hinge shaft 6341, causing the support rod 634 to flip outward, and the foldable rudder surface 635 changes from a folded state to an open state. Until the second latch 6364 enters the second parallel section 612 through the connecting section 613, the swing member deflects 90 degrees. At this time, the support rod 634 is fully opened outward, and the foldable rudder surface 635 is in a folded state. In this state, the first latch 6363 is aligned with the locking hole 6312. When the second latch 6364 and the hinge shaft 6341 both enter the third parallel section 614, since the depth of the third parallel section 614 is greater than the depth of the second parallel section 612, the second spring 637 is released, and the second spring 637 pushes the swing member to slide relative to the hinge shaft 6341, so that the swing member drives the first latch 6363 to be inserted into the locking hole 6312, thereby locking the swing member, so that the support rod 634 remains in the open state, thereby keeping the foldable rudder surface 635 in the open state until the second pin 6364 and the hinge shaft 6341 complete sliding out of the third parallel section 614. At this time, the support seat 631 slides out of the slide groove, and the slider 632 is still on the guide seat 61. Since the slider 632 and the support seat 631 are hingedly connected, the support seat 631 can swing at the hinge point, so that the foldable rudder surface 635 can swing flexibly, making it convenient for the user to adjust the floating direction.

[0051] like Figures 6 to 9 As shown, in some embodiments of the heat-insulating self-heating life jacket of this embodiment, guide plates are provided at both ends of the upper and lower cross arms. In this embodiment, the guide plates are provided to facilitate the retraction of the support seat 631 into the chute, providing guidance for the support seat 631 to enter the chute.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the structure, characteristics and principles described in the scope of the patent application of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the patent application of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat-insulating self-heating life jacket, characterized in that: The life jacket comprises a body; a self-heating module is provided on the back of the body; the self-heating module comprises a heating layer, a hydrophilic layer, and a waterproof protective layer stacked in sequence from the inside out; the thickness of the hydrophilic layer gradually increases from the bottom to the top; the waterproof protective layer and the hydrophilic layer are detachably connected to expose the hydrophilic layer; The heating layer includes a plurality of heating blocks separated by a non-woven fabric, and the plurality of heating blocks are sequentially spaced along the height direction of the hydrophilic layer; An adjustment device is provided on the outer side of the back of the life jacket body; the adjustment device includes an I-shaped guide seat; rudder assemblies are slidably mounted between the ends of the upper and lower cross arms of the guide seat; the two rudder assemblies have the same structure; a drawstring is passed through each rudder assembly, and lugs are spaced apart on both sides of the life jacket body; the ends of the drawstring pass through the lugs and are connected to the same float; when the rudder assembly slides out of the guide seat, the drawstring can be used to pull the rudder assembly to swing. A high-pressure gas tank and two ejector nozzles respectively arranged above and below the high-pressure gas tank are provided in the vertical arm of the guide seat. A first spring is connected between the end of the ejector nozzle away from the high-pressure gas tank and the inner wall of the guide seat. Water-soluble limit blocks are respectively provided in the vertical arm of the guide seat corresponding to the two ejector nozzles; the water-soluble limit blocks abut against the ejector nozzles to keep the first spring in a compressed state.

2. The heat-insulating self-heating life jacket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating block comprises iron powder, activated carbon, inorganic salt and auxiliary materials; the auxiliary materials are one or two of vermiculite and water-absorbing resin.

3. The heat-insulating self-heating life jacket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrophilic layer is made of water-soluble high molecular polymer.

4. The heat-insulating self-heating life jacket according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water-soluble high molecular polymer is gelatin or polyvinyl alcohol.

5. The heat-insulating self-heating life jacket according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing ring is also provided on the inner side of the back of the life jacket body.

6. The heat-insulating self-heating life jacket according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of heat conduction sheets are embedded in the back of the life jacket body and are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the life jacket body; the upper end of each heat conduction sheet contacts the heating layer.

7. The heat-insulating self-heating life jacket according to claim 1, characterized in that: A floating piece is provided on the outside of the front of the life jacket body; the floating piece is made of polystyrene foam material.

8. The heat-insulating self-heating life jacket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the waterproof protective layer is provided with connecting ears so that the waterproof protective layer can be removed from the hydrophilic layer through the connecting ears.

Images