A roller retracting and extending device for railway track laying

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of railway track laying, and specifically is a roller retracting and releasing device for railway track laying, comprising a transfer part, a control mechanism, a storage mechanism, a cleaning mechanism and a recycling mechanism; the transfer part comprises a bearing platform, a protective cover and a moving wheel, the protective cover is arranged on the bottom surface of the bearing platform, and the moving wheel is rotatably arranged inside the protective cover; the control mechanism comprises a control cylinder and a connecting shaft, the control cylinder is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the bearing platform, the axial end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected to the axial end of the moving wheel, and the air pressure in the inner cavity of the control cylinder is controlled by the rotation of the connecting shaft; the storage mechanism comprises a storage cylinder, an adapter cylinder and an extension tube, the adapter cylinder is fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the storage cylinder, and one end of the extension tube extends to the inner cavity of the storage cylinder; through the above-mentioned structure, lubricant is sprayed onto the outer wall of the moving wheel during its movement, thereby reducing the friction loss between the moving wheel and the track, improving the service life, and at the same time reducing the kinetic energy requirement when controlling the movement of the bearing platform.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of railway track laying, in particular to a roller retracting and extending device for railway track laying. Background Art

[0002] The rail bottom roller is a special tool used in railway track repair and maintenance equipment. It is mainly used for track maintenance operations, especially in track flatness adjustment, track foundation compaction and track correction. The rail bottom roller ensures that the foundation under the track is evenly compacted by applying pressure, preventing the track from settling or becoming uneven during use, thereby maintaining the stability of train operation. During roller construction, the roller needs to be transported to the construction location to realize the retraction and extension of the roller.

[0003] Chinese patent application CN212890330U discloses a rail transfer trolley, comprising two parallel rails and a trolley. At least two wheels rolling along the rails are located on either side of the trolley, and a friction plate parallel to the rails is located between the rails. The trolley is equipped with friction wheels and a servo motor that drives the friction wheels. The friction wheels are tangential to the friction plates. Clamping devices are installed at both the front and rear ends of the trolley to prevent the trolley from shifting. This technology has a simple structure, using a servo motor as the source power source, and rolling friction between the friction wheels and the friction plates to provide the driving force. This ensures the stability and displacement accuracy of the trolley, thereby ensuring smooth and automated production of logistics on the front axle production line.

[0004] While the aforementioned technology ensures the stability and displacement accuracy of the trolley, during construction, the rollers run on the tracks, generating friction due to constant contact and relative motion. This friction causes gradual wear on the roller surfaces, leading to frictional loss. Over time, this frictional loss can affect the operating accuracy and stability of the equipment.

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a roller retracting and extending device for railway track laying. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background technology is solved.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is as follows: the roller retracting and unretracting device for railway track laying of the present invention comprises a transfer part, a control mechanism, a storage mechanism, a cleaning mechanism and a recovery mechanism;

[0008] The transfer part includes a carrying platform, a protective cover and moving wheels. The protective cover is arranged on the bottom surface of the carrying platform, and the moving wheels are rotatably arranged inside the protective cover.

[0009] The control mechanism includes a control cylinder and a connecting shaft. The control cylinder is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the carrier platform. The axial end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected to the axial end of the moving wheel. The air pressure in the control cylinder cavity is controlled by the rotation of the connecting shaft.

[0010] The storage mechanism includes a storage cylinder, an adapter cylinder and an extension tube. The adapter cylinder is fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the storage cylinder, and one end of the extension tube extends to the inner cavity of the storage cylinder.

[0011] The cleaning mechanism is used to clean the track in front of the moving wheel;

[0012] The recovery mechanism includes a recovery cylinder and a recovery cover. The recovery cover is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the protective cover and is located behind the travel track of the moving wheel. The inner cavity of the recovery cylinder is connected to the inner cavity of the recovery cover.

[0013] The air flow in the adapter tube is controlled by the air pressure in the control cylinder.

[0014] Preferably, a transmission crankshaft is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the connecting shaft, and a transmission coupling is rotatably mounted on the outer wall of the transmission crankshaft through a shaft sleeve. One end of the transmission coupling extends to the inner cavity of the control cylinder and is rotatably mounted with a movable plug, and the radial outer wall of the movable plug is sealed with the inner wall of the control cylinder.

[0015] Preferably, a connecting cap is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the supporting platform, the bottom surface of the connecting cap is connected to the recovery cylinder through internal and external threads, and a filter plate is detachably mounted on the bottom of the connecting cap;

[0016] An air intake pipe is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the connecting cap, and the other end of the air intake pipe is connected to the outer wall of the control cylinder.

[0017] Preferably, an exhaust nozzle is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the control cylinder, and an air inlet nozzle communicating with the outer wall of the exhaust nozzle is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the adapter cylinder;

[0018] A discharge pipe is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the adapter cylinder, and the other end of the discharge pipe is located just above the moving wheel.

[0019] Preferably, a mounting plate is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the supporting platform, a connecting rod is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the mounting plate, and the other end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the storage cylinder;

[0020] A bearing crossbeam is rotatably mounted on the bottom surface of the bearing platform, and the bottom surface of the bearing crossbeam is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the protective cover.

[0021] Preferably, the cleaning mechanism includes an elastic plate, a rubber block and cleaning bristles;

[0022] One end of the elastic plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the protective cover, the other end of the elastic plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rubber block, and the cleaning bristles are fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the rubber block.

[0023] Preferably, the radial outer wall of the extension tube is provided with a material passage groove, and the material passage groove is evenly distributed in a ring shape along the axis of the extension tube;

[0024] A bellows is provided at the bottom of the storage cylinder, the inner cavity of the bellows is communicated with the inner cavity of the storage cylinder, and a filter is provided at the connection position between the bellows and the inner cavity of the storage cylinder.

[0025] Preferably, two bellows are symmetrically arranged along the outer wall of the storage cylinder, a control frame is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the bellows, and ends of the two bellows that are away from each other are connected through the control frame;

[0026] A guide cylinder is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the bearing platform, and the control frame passes through the guide cylinder and is slidably connected to the guide cylinder.

[0027] Preferably, a transmission plate is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the control frame, an elastic member is provided on the outer wall of the transmission plate, and the transmission plate is elastically connected to the guide cylinder via the elastic member;

[0028] A transmission plate is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the control frame, and the outer wall of the transmission plate is slidably fitted with the outer wall of the transmission crankshaft.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0030] 1. The present invention provides a storage cylinder whose inner cavity is used to store graphite dry powder lubricant, thereby increasing the air flow rate in the inner cavity of the adapter cylinder. Utilizing the Venturi tube principle, the graphite dry powder lubricant in the storage cylinder is sucked out through an extension tube and discharged from one end of the adapter cylinder to the outer wall of the moving wheel, so that the outer wall of the moving wheel is contaminated with the graphite dry powder lubricant. When the moving wheel rolls, the friction loss between the moving wheel and the track is reduced, thereby increasing the service life and reducing the kinetic energy required to control the movement of the carrier platform. When negative pressure is introduced into the recovery cylinder, suction is generated at the bottom of the recovery cover, thereby absorbing the graphite dry powder lubricant remaining on the track into the inner cavity of the recovery cylinder for easy recycling and reuse.

[0031] 2. The present invention provides two bellows symmetrically along the outer wall of the storage cylinder. A control frame is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the bellows. The ends of the two bellows that are away from each other are connected by the control frame. The reciprocating sliding control frame drives the bellows on both sides to exhaust air into the storage cylinder alternately and reciprocally. The bellows are pressed to discharge the air in the bellows into the graphite dry powder lubricant, thereby lifting the graphite dry powder lubricant, so that the adapter cylinder can suck out the graphite dry powder lubricant inside the storage cylinder, thereby improving the discharge efficiency of the graphite dry powder lubricant and maintaining the stable operation of the moving wheel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention as a whole;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the storage cartridge in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the transmission crankshaft in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the movable plug in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the extension tube in the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the guide cylinder in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the installation of the filter plate in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the adapter tube in the present invention.

[0041] In the figure: 1. Carrying platform; 2. Carrying beam; 3. Protective cover; 4. Rubber block; 5. Moving wheel; 6. Connecting cap; 7. Connecting shaft; 8. Cleaning brush; 9. Control cylinder; 10. Storage cylinder; 11. Bellows; 12. Elastic plate; 13. Discharge pipe; 14. Mounting plate; 15. Inlet pipe; 16. Control frame; 17. Guide cylinder; 18. Transmission plate; 19. Transmission crankshaft; 20. Exhaust nozzle; 21. Movable plug; 22. Transmission coupling; 23. Filter plate; 24. Extension pipe; 25. Adapter cylinder; 26. Connecting rod; 27. Inlet nozzle; 28. Transmission plate; 29. Filter plate; 30. Recovery cylinder; 31. Recovery cover; 32. Material trough. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the roller retracting and extending device for railway track laying described in the present invention includes a transfer part, a control mechanism, a storage mechanism, a cleaning mechanism and a recovery mechanism.

[0044] The transfer part includes a supporting platform 1, a protective cover 3 and a moving wheel 5. The protective cover 3 is arranged on the bottom surface of the supporting platform 1. The protective cover 3 is a hollow structure. The moving wheel 5 is rotatably arranged inside the protective cover 3, and the bottom of the moving wheel 5 extends to the outside of the moving wheel 5.

[0045] During track construction, the moving wheel 5 is placed on the completed rail, and then the roller is placed on the upper end surface of the supporting platform 1. The roller is driven to move by the moving supporting platform 1, so as to provide a retractable position for the roller during track construction.

[0046] The control mechanism includes a control cylinder 9 and a connecting shaft 7. The control cylinder 9 is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the supporting platform 1. The supporting platform 1 provides installation and support for the control cylinder 9. The axial end of the connecting shaft 7 is fixedly connected to the axial end of the moving wheel 5. When the supporting platform 1 moves along the rails, the moving wheel 5 rotates synchronously and drives the connecting shaft 7 to rotate synchronously.

[0047] The air pressure in the inner cavity of the control cylinder 9 is controlled by the rotation of the connecting shaft 7. During the rotation of the connecting shaft 7, the air pressure in the inner cavity of the control cylinder 9 increases and decreases in a reciprocating alternating operation.

[0048] The storage mechanism includes a storage cylinder 10, an adapter cylinder 25 and an extension tube 24. The inner cavity of the storage cylinder 10 is used to store graphite dry powder lubricant. The adapter cylinder 25 is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the storage cylinder 10. One end of the extension tube 24 extends to the inner cavity of the storage cylinder 10, and the storage cylinder 10 and the inner cavity of the adapter cylinder 25 are connected through the extension tube 24.

[0049] By increasing the air flow rate in the inner cavity of the adapter tube 25 and utilizing the Venturi tube principle, the graphite dry powder lubricant in the storage tube 10 is sucked out through the extension tube 24, and discharged from one end of the adapter tube 25 to the outer wall of the moving wheel 5, so that the outer wall of the moving wheel 5 is contaminated with the graphite dry powder lubricant. When the moving wheel 5 rolls, the friction loss between the moving wheel 5 and the track is reduced, the service life is increased, and the kinetic energy requirement for controlling the movement of the carrier platform 1 is reduced.

[0050] The cleaning mechanism is used to clean the track in front of the moving wheel 5 and to reduce the resistance of the moving wheel 5 by removing dust in front of the moving wheel 5.

[0051] After the graphite dry powder lubricant is guided to the outer wall of the moving wheel 5, part of the graphite dry powder lubricant falls off above the track. In order to reduce the loss of graphite dry powder, it is necessary to recover this part of the graphite dry powder. The recovery mechanism includes a recovery cylinder 30 and a recovery cover 31. The recovery cover 31 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the protective cover 3 and is located behind the travel track of the moving wheel 5. The inner cavity of the recovery cylinder 30 and the inner cavity of the recovery cover 31 are interconnected. When negative pressure is introduced into the recovery cylinder 30, suction is generated at the bottom of the recovery cover 31, thereby absorbing the graphite dry powder lubricant remaining on the track into the inner cavity of the recovery cylinder 30 for easy recycling and reuse.

[0052] The air flow in the adapter tube 25 is controlled by the air pressure in the control cylinder 9. The air pressure inside the adapter tube 25 is controlled by the control cylinder 9, so that the spraying of the graphite dry powder lubricant is synchronously controlled during the movement of the carrier 1 to achieve a lubricating effect.

[0053] A transmission crankshaft 19 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the connecting shaft 7 , and the connecting shaft 7 drives the transmission crankshaft 19 to rotate synchronously during its rotation.

[0054] The outer wall of the transmission crankshaft 19 is rotatably installed with a transmission coupling 22 through a shaft sleeve. One end of the transmission coupling 22 extends to the inner cavity of the control cylinder 9 and is rotatably installed with a movable plug 21. The radial outer wall of the movable plug 21 is sealed with the inner wall of the control cylinder 9. The air pressure in the inner cavity of the control cylinder 9 is adjusted by sliding the movable plug 21.

[0055] During the rotation of the moving wheel 5, the connecting shaft 7 is driven to rotate synchronously. At this time, the connecting shaft 7 drives the transmission crankshaft 19 to rotate, and the transmission crankshaft 19 drives the movable piston 21 to slide back and forth through the transmission connecting shaft 22. Then, during the movement of the supporting platform 1, the air pressure in the inner cavity of the adjustment control cylinder 9 changes synchronously.

[0056] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a connecting cap 6 is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the supporting platform 1, and the bottom surface of the connecting cap 6 is connected to the recovery cylinder 30 through internal and external threads, thereby realizing a detachable connection between the connecting cap 6 and the recovery cylinder 30. After the graphite dry powder lubricant is collected in the recovery cylinder 30, the recovery cylinder 30 is removed to facilitate the removal of the graphite dry powder lubricant in the recovery cylinder 30.

[0057] A filter plate 29 is detachably mounted on the bottom of the connecting cap 6 . The filter plate 29 is made of sponge and serves as a transition between the connecting cap 6 and the recovery cylinder 30 to prevent the graphite dry powder lubricant inside the recovery cylinder 30 from entering the inner cavity of the connecting cap 6 .

[0058] An air intake pipe 15 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the connecting cap 6 , and the other end of the air intake pipe 15 is connected to the outer wall of the control cylinder 9 . A one-way valve is provided in the air intake pipe 15 for controlling the one-way flow of gas in the air intake pipe 15 .

[0059] When the air pressure in the control cylinder 9 decreases, the air in the connecting cap 6 is sucked out through the air inlet pipe 15, thereby reducing the air pressure in the connecting cap 6 and the inner cavity of the recovery cylinder 30, so that the recovery cover 31 can absorb the graphite dry powder lubricant on the track.

[0060] An exhaust nozzle 20 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the control cylinder 9, and an air inlet nozzle 27 that is interconnected with the outer wall of the exhaust nozzle 20 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the adapter tube 25. The air inlet nozzle 27 and the exhaust nozzle 20 are connected by a conduit. A one-way valve is arranged between the air inlet nozzle 27 and the exhaust nozzle 20. When the movable plug 21 slides to increase the air pressure in the inner cavity of the control cylinder 9, the gas is discharged into the inner cavity of the adapter tube 25.

[0061] A discharge pipe 13 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the adapter cylinder 25, and the other end of the discharge pipe 13 is located directly above the moving wheel 5. After the gas in the control cylinder 9 is discharged into the inner cavity of the adapter cylinder 25, the gas inside the adapter cylinder 25 is discharged through the discharge pipe 13 and then discharged to the outer wall of the moving wheel 5 mixed with graphite dry powder lubricant.

[0062] In this embodiment, the rotation of the moving wheel 5 when the supporting platform 1 moves is used as a power to synchronously drive the discharge of the graphite dry powder lubricant and the absorption and recovery of the graphite dry powder lubricant, thereby reducing the friction loss of the moving wheel 5 and improving the utilization rate of the graphite dry powder lubricant.

[0063] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a mounting plate 14 is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the supporting platform 1, and a connecting rod 26 is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the mounting plate 14. The other end of the connecting rod 26 is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the storage tube 10. The connection between the storage tube 10 and the bottom surface of the supporting platform 1 is realized through the cooperation of the connecting rod 26 and the mounting plate 14.

[0064] The bottom surface of the supporting platform 1 is rotatably mounted with a supporting beam 2, and the bottom surface of the supporting beam 2 is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the protective cover 3. The connection between the protective cover 3 and the supporting platform 1 is achieved through the supporting beam 2. By setting a rotatable supporting beam 2, it can adapt to the use in the curved parts of the track.

[0065] The cleaning mechanism includes an elastic plate 12, a rubber block 4 and cleaning bristles 8. One end of the elastic plate 12 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the protective cover 3. The elastic plate 12 is an elastic copper plate. The other end of the elastic plate 12 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rubber block 4. The cleaning bristles 8 are fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the rubber block 4. During the movement of the supporting platform 1, the cleaning bristles 8 are used to clean the track in front of the moving wheel 5, reducing the impact of dust on the moving wheel 5. At the same time, when recovering the graphite dry powder lubricant, dust and debris are prevented from being simultaneously sucked into the inner cavity of the recovery cylinder 30, thereby keeping the graphite dry powder lubricant in the recovery cylinder 30 clean.

[0066] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a material passage 32 is opened on the radial outer wall of the extension tube 24. The material passage 32 is evenly distributed in a ring shape along the axis of the extension tube 24 to facilitate the graphite dry powder lubricant in the storage cylinder 10 to enter the interior of the extension tube 24.

[0067] A bellows 11 is provided at the bottom of the storage cylinder 10. The inner cavity of the bellows 11 is connected to the inner cavity of the storage cylinder 10. Pressing the bellows 11 discharges the air in the bellows 11 into the graphite dry powder lubricant, thereby lifting the graphite dry powder lubricant so that the adapter cylinder 25 can suck out the graphite dry powder lubricant inside the storage cylinder 10.

[0068] A filter 23 is provided at the connection position between the bellows 11 and the inner cavity of the storage tube 10. The filter 23 is a common filtering non-woven fabric and is used to prevent the graphite dry powder lubricant from entering the inner cavity of the bellows 11 when air is inhaled in the bellows 11.

[0069] Two bellows 11 are symmetrically arranged along the outer wall of the storage cylinder 10. A control frame 16 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the bellows 11. The ends of the two bellows 11 away from each other are connected by the control frame 16. The reciprocating sliding control frame 16 drives the bellows 11 on both sides to exhaust into the storage cylinder 10 alternately and reciprocally.

[0070] A guide cylinder 17 is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the supporting platform 1 , and the control frame 16 passes through the guide cylinder 17 and is slidably connected to the guide cylinder 17 . The guide cylinder 17 provides installation and support for the control frame 16 so that the control frame 16 can slide back and forth.

[0071] A transmission plate 28 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the control frame 16. An elastic member is provided on the outer wall of the transmission plate 28. The transmission plate 28 is elastically connected to the guide cylinder 17 through the elastic member. The elastic member is a common spring. After pressing the control frame 16, the elastic force of the elastic member controls the transmission plate 28 and the control frame 16 to reset.

[0072] A transmission plate 18 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the control frame 16. The outer wall of the transmission plate 18 slides and fits with the outer wall of the transmission crankshaft 19. The elastic force of the spring pushes the control frame 16, so that the transmission plate 18 has a tendency to fit with the outer wall of the transmission crankshaft 19 in real time. During the rotation of the transmission crankshaft 19, the elastic force of the spring controls the transmission plate 18 to slide back and forth, thereby driving the control frame 16 to slide back and forth, so that the graphite dry powder lubricant inside the storage tube 10 can be lifted while the air pressure inside the control cylinder 9 changes alternately.

[0073] The above-mentioned front, back, left, right, up and down are all based on the Figure 1 As a benchmark, according to the person's observation perspective, the side of the device facing the observer is defined as the front, the left side of the observer is defined as the left, and so on.

[0074] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0075] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The foregoing embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A roller retracting and extending device for railway track laying, characterized in that: Including transfer department, control agency, storage agency, cleaning agency and recycling agency; The transfer part comprises a carrying platform (1), a protective cover (3) and a moving wheel (5), wherein the protective cover (3) is arranged on the bottom surface of the carrying platform (1), and the moving wheel (5) is rotatably arranged inside the protective cover (3); The control mechanism comprises a control cylinder (9) and a connecting shaft (7), wherein the control cylinder (9) is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the carrier platform (1), the axial end of the connecting shaft (7) is fixedly connected to the axial end of the moving wheel (5), and the air pressure in the inner cavity of the control cylinder (9) is controlled by the rotation of the connecting shaft (7); The storage mechanism comprises a storage cylinder (10), an adapter cylinder (25) and an extension tube (24); the inner cavity of the storage cylinder (10) is used to store graphite dry powder lubricant; the adapter cylinder (25) is fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the storage cylinder (10); and one end of the extension tube (24) extends to the inner cavity of the storage cylinder (10); The cleaning mechanism is used to clean the track in front of the moving wheel (5); The recovery mechanism comprises a recovery cylinder (30) and a recovery cover (31); the recovery cover (31) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the protective cover (3) and is located behind the travel track of the moving wheel (5); the inner cavity of the recovery cylinder (30) and the inner cavity of the recovery cover (31) are in communication with each other; The air flow in the adapter cylinder (25) is controlled by the air pressure in the control cylinder (9); A transmission crankshaft (19) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the connecting shaft (7), a transmission coupling (22) is rotatably mounted on the outer wall of the transmission crankshaft (19) via a shaft sleeve, one end of the transmission coupling (22) extends to the inner cavity of the control cylinder (9) and is rotatably mounted with a movable plug (21), and the radial outer wall of the movable plug (21) is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the control cylinder (9); A connecting cap (6) is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the supporting platform (1), and the bottom surface of the connecting cap (6) is connected to the recovery cylinder (30) through internal and external thread engagement, and a filter plate (29) is detachably mounted on the bottom of the connecting cap (6); An air intake pipe (15) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the connecting cap (6), and the other end of the air intake pipe (15) is connected to the outer wall of the control cylinder (9); An exhaust nozzle (20) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the control cylinder (9), and an air inlet nozzle (27) in communication with the outer wall of the exhaust nozzle (20) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the adapter cylinder (25); A discharge pipe (13) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the adapter cylinder (25), and the other end of the discharge pipe (13) is located directly above the moving wheel (5).

2. The roller retracting and extending device for railway track laying according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mounting plate (14) is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the supporting platform (1), a connecting rod (26) is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the mounting plate (14), and the other end of the connecting rod (26) is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the storage cylinder (10); A bearing crossbeam (2) is rotatably mounted on the bottom surface of the bearing platform (1), and the bottom surface of the bearing crossbeam (2) is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the protective cover (3).

3. The roller retracting and extending device for railway track laying according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism comprises an elastic plate (12), a rubber block (4) and cleaning bristles (8); One end of the elastic plate (12) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the protective cover (3), the other end of the elastic plate (12) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rubber block (4), and the cleaning bristles (8) are fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the rubber block (4).

4. The roller retracting and extending device for railway track laying according to claim 3, characterized in that: A material passage groove (32) is provided on the radial outer wall of the extension tube (24), and the material passage groove (32) is evenly distributed in a ring shape along the axis of the extension tube (24); A bellows (11) is provided at the bottom of the storage cylinder (10), the inner cavity of the bellows (11) is in communication with the inner cavity of the storage cylinder (10), and a filter (23) is provided at the connection position between the bellows (11) and the inner cavity of the storage cylinder (10).

5. The roller retracting and extending device for railway track laying according to claim 4, characterized in that: Two bellows (11) are symmetrically arranged along the outer wall of the storage cylinder (10), a control frame (16) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the bellows (11), and ends of the two bellows (11) that are away from each other are connected via the control frame (16); A guide cylinder (17) is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the bearing platform (1), and the control frame (16) passes through the guide cylinder (17) and is slidably connected to the guide cylinder (17).

6. The roller retracting and extending device for railway track laying according to claim 5, characterized in that: A transmission plate (28) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the control frame (16), an elastic member is provided on the outer wall of the transmission plate (28), and the transmission plate (28) is elastically connected to the guide cylinder (17) via the elastic member; A transmission plate (18) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the control frame (16), and the outer wall of the transmission plate (18) is slidably fitted with the outer wall of the transmission crankshaft (19).

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