An apparatus and method for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device and method for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium. The device includes a powder supply mechanism and a gas explosion type centrifugal extractor respectively arranged above and below a spiral acid leaching mechanism. A filtering mechanism is installed at the center of the spiral acid leaching mechanism, and the liquid outlet end of the filtering mechanism is connected to the gas explosion type centrifugal extractor through a pressure pump. The method is to use the above device to perform acid leaching and extraction operations on waste battery powder to separate nickel and lithium in the powder. The present invention can effectively reduce the space occupied by the acid leaching process, reduce the amount of acidic leaching solution, ensure that nickel and lithium in the powder are fully leached, and improve the extraction efficiency of the centrifugal extraction process, being suitable for continuous extraction operations of a large number of powders. The present invention is applicable to the technical field of nickel and lithium extraction from waste batteries.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of waste battery recycling. Specifically, it relates to an apparatus and method for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium. Background Art

[0002] Since waste batteries contain a large amount of nickel and lithium, if not recycled or recycled insufficiently, it will cause a large waste of resources and pollute the environment. At present, the recycling of nickel and lithium in waste batteries is often carried out by extraction methods, that is, wet refining. Specifically, first, the ternary materials of waste batteries are crushed and ground into powder, the powder is acid-leached, the obtained leaching solution is mixed with the extraction solution, and the target solution is obtained by layering, and then evaporation crystallization and other processes are carried out. However, in order to ensure the adequacy of acid leaching, an acid leaching tank with a large footprint is required. Due to the large volume and area of the acid leaching tank, the mixing reaction between the acidic leaching solution and the powder cannot be ensured. It is necessary to use a stirring device to disturb the acidic leaching solution. However, there is a large amount of acidic leaching solution in the acid leaching tank, and the adequacy of the disturbance cannot be ensured, and the situation of dead corners is very likely to occur, which not only wastes the acidic leaching solution, but also reduces the adequacy of nickel and lithium leaching in the powder. The existing extraction uses a centrifugal extractor. During the centrifugal extraction process, the mixing degree of the leaching solution and the extraction solution in the centrifugal extractor affects the subsequent extraction of nickel and lithium. However, two conditions are required to ensure the sufficient mixing of the two. The first is to ensure that their flow rates are low, and the second is to extend the mixing time of the two, or these two conditions are combined with each other, but this will greatly reduce the extraction efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides an apparatus and method for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium, which is used to reduce the space occupied by the acid leaching process, reduce the amount of acidic leaching solution, ensure that nickel and lithium in the powder are fully leached, and improve the extraction efficiency of the centrifugal extraction process, and is suitable for continuous extraction operations of a large amount of powder.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0005] An apparatus for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium includes a powder supply mechanism and a gas explosion type centrifugal extractor respectively arranged above and below a spiral acid leaching mechanism. A filtering mechanism is installed at the center of the spiral acid leaching mechanism, and the liquid outlet end of the filtering mechanism is connected to the gas explosion type centrifugal extractor through a pressure pump.

[0006] Further, the spiral acid leaching mechanism includes an acid leaching tank in a circular shape with a gradually concave middle part. A spiral acid leaching channel is formed in the acid leaching tank. An acid liquid inlet joint is constructed on the acid leaching tank and located at the outer end of the acid leaching channel. The filtering mechanism is installed at the center of the acid leaching tank and is connected to the inner end of the acid leaching channel.

[0007] Furthermore, a plurality of flow disturbance partitions are arranged in the acid leaching channel. These flow disturbance partitions are arranged at intervals along the acid leaching channel. The lower ends of the flow disturbance partitions are fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the acid leaching channel, and the height of the flow disturbance partitions is not higher than 1 / 4 of the total height of the acid leaching channel at the corresponding position.

[0008] Furthermore, the flow disturbance partition includes a first partition body with a rectangular cross-section, a second partition body with a triangular cross-section, or a third partition body with two arc-shaped surfaces. The upper end of the second partition body has a jump flow angle, and the angle of the jump flow angle is 90°-135°. The two arc-shaped surfaces of the third partition body are arranged in sequence along the flow direction of the acidic leaching solution, and the upper ends of the two arc-shaped surfaces are connected to each other.

[0009] Furthermore, the powder supply mechanism includes an annular mounting rod connected to the frame through a plurality of connecting arms. The axis of the annular mounting rod coincides with the axis of the acid leaching tank. A plurality of feeding units are mounted at intervals along the circumference of the annular mounting rod. The discharging ends of the feeding units extend radially along the acid leaching tank.

[0010] Furthermore, the feeding unit includes an assembly rod coaxially and rotatably mounted in a guiding cylinder. A transfer ear is constructed on the guiding cylinder. The transfer ear is connected to the annular mounting rod through a connecting sleeve constructed thereon. A strip-shaped discharging port is constructed at the lower end of the guiding cylinder. The strip-shaped discharging port extends from one end to the other end along the axial direction of the guiding cylinder, and the caliber of the strip-shaped discharging port gradually decreases downward in the vertical direction and gradually decreases inward in the radial direction of the acid leaching tank. A guiding blade spirally extending along the axis of the guiding cylinder is mounted on the assembly rod. One end of the assembly rod is coaxially connected to the output shaft of the driving motor.

[0011] Furthermore, rubber air-inflatable walls are respectively fixed on the two side walls of the strip-shaped discharging port. An air-inflatable cavity is formed between the rubber air-inflatable wall and the corresponding side wall of the strip-shaped discharging port. The two air-inflatable cavities are both communicated with an air guiding joint constructed at one end of the strip-shaped discharging port.

[0012] Furthermore, the filtering mechanism includes a mounting seat installed at the center of the spiral acid leaching mechanism. An assembly port is constructed on the mounting seat. The upper end of the assembly shell is detachably installed at the lower end of the assembly port. The filtering cylinder extends into the assembly shell through the assembly port, and the upper end of the filtering cylinder is connected to the mounting seat. A slag discharging joint is communicated with the peripheral wall of the assembly shell. A slag discharging valve is installed on the slag discharging joint. A slag discharging port communicated with the slag discharging joint is opened on the filtering cylinder. A liquid discharging pipe is constructed at the lower end of the assembly shell. The liquid discharging pipe is communicated with the inlet end of the pressure pump.

[0013] Further, the air-burst centrifugal extractor includes a drum coaxially assembled in a casing. The first liquid-phase inlet joint and the second liquid-phase inlet joint are symmetrically connected to the casing. A drain casing is detachably connected to the upper end of the casing. A light-phase discharge joint and a heavy-phase discharge joint are formed on the drain casing. The heavy-phase discharge joint is higher than the light-phase discharge joint. A transmission shaft is rotatably connected to the drain casing coaxially. The transmission shaft is coaxially connected with a baffle plate through a stirring blade. The baffle plate is rotatably connected to the lower end of the casing through a transfer shaft coaxially connected thereto. An air inlet main channel communicating with an air inlet branch channel formed in the baffle plate is opened in the transfer shaft. A plurality of air inlet holes respectively communicating with the air inlet branch channel are uniformly opened at the lower end of the baffle plate. An exhaust channel communicating with the outside is opened on the transmission shaft.

[0014] The present invention also discloses a method for an apparatus for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1. The acidic leaching solution is introduced into the spiral acid leaching mechanism at a predetermined flow rate, and the acidic leaching solution flows through the spiral acid leaching mechanism in a spiral shape.

[0016] Step 2. The powdery material is continuously supplied into the powder supply mechanism, and the powder supply mechanism is controlled to act, and the powder supply mechanism continuously supplies the powdery material to the spiral acid leaching mechanism.

[0017] Step 3. The leaching solution enters the filtering mechanism, and the pressure pump is controlled to act to pump the leaching solution in the filtering mechanism into the air-burst centrifugal extractor.

[0018] Step 4. The air-burst centrifugal extractor is controlled to act, and the extraction solution and the gas are respectively pressurized and conveyed into the air-burst centrifugal extractor, and the leaching solution and the extraction solution are mixed and centrifugally separated in the air-burst centrifugal extractor.

[0019] Step 5. The nickel sulfate solution and the raffinate after extraction are respectively collected.

[0020] Step 6. The nickel sulfate solution is evaporated and crystallized; the raffinate is also evaporated and crystallized to obtain a crystallization mother liquor for recycling lithium carbonate.

[0021] Due to the adoption of the above structure, compared with the prior art, the technical progress achieved by the present invention is as follows: The acidic leaching solution is continuously injected into the spiral acid leaching mechanism of the present invention. The acidic leaching solution flows from the outside to the inside along the shape of the spiral line. The powder of waste batteries is continuously conveyed towards the spiral acid leaching mechanism through the powder supply mechanism. During the flowing process, the acidic leaching solution scours the powder and gradually mixes with it, enabling the target ions therein to be fully combined into the acidic leaching solution. Then, it is separated through the filtering mechanism at the center of the spiral acid leaching mechanism. The leaching solution enters the air-burst centrifugal extractor through a pressure pump and mixes with the extraction solution. Under the action of high-pressure gas, the leaching solution and the extraction solution are fully mixed, and then the target solution and the raffinate are obtained under the action of centrifugal force. The target solution undergoes subsequent processes such as evaporation and crystallization, and the raffinate is recycled, regenerated, and reused. Since the spiral acid leaching mechanism of the present invention occupies less space, and the entire acid leaching process is in a continuous state, it can ensure the acid leaching of a large quantity of powder, and its leaching effect is excellent. In summary, the present invention can effectively reduce the space occupied by the acid leaching process, reduce the amount of acidic leaching solution, ensure that nickel and lithium in the powder are fully leached, and improve the extraction efficiency of the centrifugal extraction process, which is suitable for continuous extraction operations of a large quantity of powder. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention.

[0023] In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another angle of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection between the spiral acid leaching mechanism and the filtering mechanism of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 is an axial structural sectional view of the connection between the spiral acid leaching mechanism and the filtering mechanism of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection between the spiral acid leaching mechanism and the first flow disturbance baffle of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 is a front view of the connection between the spiral acid leaching mechanism and the first flow disturbance baffle of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7Front view of the structure of the spiral acid leaching mechanism and the second flow disturbance baffle in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 Front view of the structure of the spiral acid leaching mechanism and the third flow disturbance baffle in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the filtering mechanism after disassembly in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 Axial sectional view of the air explosion type centrifugal extractor in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the structure of the baffle plate in the air explosion type centrifugal extractor in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of the powder supply mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the structure of the feeding unit in the powder supply mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 14 Partial sectional view of the feeding unit in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Marked components: 100 - spiral acid leaching mechanism, 101 - acid leaching tank, 102 - acid leaching flow channel, 103 - acid liquid inlet joint, 104 - first baffle body, 105 - second baffle body, 106 - third baffle body, 200 - filtering mechanism, 201 - mounting seat, 202 - assembly shell, 203 - first connecting flange, 204 - flow concentrating hopper, 205 - drain pipe, 206 - slag discharge joint, 207 - slag discharge valve, 208 - filter cartridge, 209 - second connecting flange, 210 - liquid guiding seat, 211 - slag discharge port, 300 - pressure pump, 400 - air explosion type centrifugal extractor, 401 - machine shell, 402 - drum, 403 - first liquid phase inlet joint, 404 - second liquid phase inlet joint, 405 - light phase discharge joint, 406 - heavy phase discharge joint, 407 - transmission shaft, 408 - adapter shaft, 409 - baffle plate, 410 - total air inlet channel, 411 - air inlet branch channel, 412 - air inlet hole, 413 - guiding conical surface, 414 - swirling blade, 415 - exhaust channel, 416 - stirring blade, 500 - adapter frame, 501 - annular mounting rod, 502 - fixing sleeve, 503 - connecting arm, 600 - feeding unit, 601 - material guiding cylinder, 602 - strip-shaped discharging nozzle, 603 - strip-shaped discharging port, 604 - rubber air expansion wall, 605 - air expansion cavity, 606 - air guiding joint, 607 - assembly rod, 608 - material guiding blade, 609 - driving motor, 610 - feeding joint, 611 - adapter ear, 612 - connecting sleeve. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0040] The present invention discloses a device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium. As Figures 1-14 shown, it includes a spiral acid leaching mechanism 100, a powder supply mechanism, a pneumatic explosion centrifugal extractor 400, a filtering mechanism 200 and a pressure pump 300. Among them, the powder supply mechanism and the pneumatic explosion centrifugal extractor 400 are respectively arranged above and below the spiral acid leaching mechanism 100, the filtering mechanism 200 is installed at the center of the spiral acid leaching mechanism 100, and the liquid outlet end of the filtering mechanism 200 is communicated with the pneumatic explosion centrifugal extractor 400 through the pressure pump 300. The working principle and advantages of the present invention are as follows: The present invention continuously injects the acidic leaching solution into the spiral acid leaching mechanism 100, and the acidic leaching solution flows from the outside to the inside along the spiral shape. The powder of the waste battery is continuously conveyed towards the spiral acid leaching mechanism 100 through the powder supply mechanism. During the flowing process, the acidic leaching solution scours the powder and gradually mixes with it, so that the target ions in it are fully combined with the acidic leaching solution. Then, it is separated through the filtering mechanism 200 at the center of the spiral acid leaching mechanism 100. The leaching solution enters the pneumatic explosion centrifugal extractor 400 through the pressure pump 300 and mixes with the extraction solution. Under the action of high-pressure gas, the leaching solution and the extraction solution are fully mixed, and then the target solution and the raffinate are obtained under the action of centrifugal force. The target solution undergoes subsequent processes such as evaporation and crystallization, and the raffinate is recovered, regenerated and reused. Since the spiral acid leaching mechanism 100 of the present invention occupies less space, and the entire acid leaching process is in a continuous state, it can ensure the acid leaching of a large amount of powder, and its leaching effect is excellent. In summary, the present invention can effectively reduce the space occupied by the acid leaching process, reduce the amount of acidic leaching solution, ensure that nickel and lithium in the powder are fully leached, and improve the extraction efficiency of the centrifugal extraction process, which is suitable for continuous extraction operations of a large amount of powder.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 3 、 4As shown in the figure, the spiral acid leaching mechanism 100 includes an acid leaching tank 101, which is circular in shape, and the middle part of the acid leaching tank 101 gradually sinks downward. An acid leaching channel 102 is formed in the acid leaching tank 101. The acid leaching channel 102 is in the shape of a spiral line. One end of the acid leaching channel 102 is opened at the outer edge of the acid leaching tank 101, and the other end gradually spirals downward along the spiral line and extends to the center of the acid leaching tank 101. In this embodiment, an acid liquid inlet joint 103 is constructed on the acid leaching tank 101 and at the outer end of the acid leaching channel 102. The filtering mechanism 200 is installed at the center of the acid leaching tank 101, and the filtering mechanism 200 is communicated with the inner end of the acid leaching channel 102. The acidic leaching solution enters the acid leaching channel 102 through the acid liquid inlet joint 103 and gradually flows toward the center of the acid leaching tank 101 along the spiral line. During the flowing process, it is gradually and fully mixed with the powder material, achieving the effect of sufficient leaching. Moreover, since the acidic leaching solution is always in a flowing state, the efficiency is extremely high compared with static leaching. Compared with forced stirring and mixing, the process is simple and the effect is excellent. In addition, the amount of acidic leaching solution used is relatively low, and it is not easy to cause waste. At the same time, the occupied space is not large, which is conducive to subsequent cleaning, maintenance and other operations.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figures 5-8As shown in the figure, a plurality of flow disturbance partitions are arranged in the acid leaching channel 102. These flow disturbance partitions are arranged at intervals along the acid leaching channel 102 (the extending direction of the spiral line). The lower end of each flow disturbance partition is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the acid leaching channel 102, and the height of the flow disturbance partition is not higher than 1 / 4 of the total height of the corresponding acid leaching channel 102. In this way, during the process of the acidic leaching solution flowing through the flow disturbance partition, the flow disturbance partition blocks the lower part of the acidic leaching solution, causing it to surge upward. The surging acidic leaching solution is mixed with the acidic leaching solution above it, so that the disturbed acidic leaching solution is fully mixed with the powder therein, and the target components are leached out fully and quickly. The flow disturbance partitions in this embodiment include various implementation manners. The first one is the first partition body 104. The cross-section of the first partition body 104 is rectangular. The flow blocking effect of the first partition body 104 is excellent, but dead corners are likely to appear at its lower part, and some powder will accumulate at the root of the first partition body 104. The second one is the second partition body 105. The cross-section of the second partition body 105 is triangular. The upper end of the second partition body 105 has a jump flow angle, and the angle of this jump flow angle is 90°-135°. When the acidic leaching solution flows through the second partition body 105, jump flow occurs, and the intensity of its flow disturbance is lower than that of the first partition body 104, but there will be no situation of powder accumulation. The third one is the third partition body 106. The third partition body 106 has two arc surfaces. The two arc surfaces of the third partition body 106 are arranged in sequence along the flow direction of the acidic leaching solution, and the upper ends of the two arc surfaces are connected to each other. The two arc surfaces are concave towards each other. During the process of the acidic leaching solution flowing through the arc surfaces of the third partition body 106, the acidic leaching solution forms a vortex, and its flow disturbance effect is excellent, and there will be no problem of dead corners.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 4 、 9As shown in the figure, the filtering mechanism 200 includes a mounting base 201, an assembly shell 202 and a filtering cylinder 208. Among them, the mounting base 201 is installed at the center of the acid leaching tank 101 of the spiral acid leaching mechanism 100. An assembly port is formed on the mounting base 201. A first connection flange 203 is formed at the upper end of the assembly shell 202. The first connection flange 203 is detachably installed at the lower end of the assembly port. A second connection flange 209 is formed at the upper end of the filtering cylinder 208. The lower part of the filtering cylinder 208 passes through the assembly port and extends into the assembly shell 202. Moreover, the second connection flange 209 at the upper end of the filtering cylinder 208 is detachably connected to the mounting base 201. In this embodiment, a slag discharge joint 206 is communicated with the peripheral wall of the assembly shell 202, and a slag discharge valve 207 is installed on the slag discharge joint 206; a slag discharge port 211 is formed on the filtering cylinder 208, and the slag discharge port 211 is communicated with the slag discharge joint 206. A liquid guide seat 210 is installed at the upper part of the filtering cylinder 208 to facilitate the acidic leaching solution to flow into the filtering cylinder 208 and prevent liquid splashing. A flow collecting hopper 204 is formed at the lower end of the assembly shell 202, and a liquid discharge pipe 205 is formed at the lower end of the flow collecting hopper 204. The liquid discharge pipe 205 is communicated with the inlet end of the pressure pump 300.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 10 , 11As shown in the figure, the air-burst centrifugal extractor 400 is an improvement based on the existing centrifugal extractor to improve the extraction efficiency and adapt to the extraction of large-flow leaching solutions. Specifically, the air-burst centrifugal extractor 400 includes a casing 401 and a drum 402. The drum 402 is coaxially assembled inside the casing 401. The first liquid-phase inlet joint 403 and the second liquid-phase inlet joint 404 are symmetrically connected to the casing 401. A drain casing is detachably connected to the upper end of the casing 401. A light-phase discharge joint 405 and a heavy-phase discharge joint 406 are formed on the drain casing. The heavy-phase discharge joint 406 is higher than the light-phase discharge joint 405. In this embodiment, a transmission shaft 407 is rotatably connected to the drain casing coaxially. A stirring blade 416 is connected to the lower end of the transmission shaft 407. The lower end of the stirring blade 416 is fixedly connected to the upper end of a baffle plate 409. The baffle plate 409 coincides with the axis of the transmission shaft 407. A transfer shaft 408 that coincides with its axis is formed at the lower end of the baffle plate 409. The transfer shaft 408 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the casing 401. In this embodiment, an air inlet main channel 410 is opened in the transfer shaft 408. A plurality of air inlet branch channels 411 are formed in the baffle plate 409. These air inlet branch channels 411 are all communicated with the air inlet main channel 410. A plurality of air inlet holes 412 are evenly opened at the lower end of the baffle plate 409. These air inlet holes 412 are respectively communicated with the corresponding air inlet branch channels 411. An exhaust channel 415 communicating with the outside is opened in the transmission shaft 407. In this embodiment, high-pressure gas is distributed to each air inlet branch channel 411 through the air inlet main channel 410, and then evenly distributed to each air inlet hole 412, and finally jets out at the lower part of the baffle plate 409. The acidic leaching solution and the extraction solution enter between the casing 401 and the drum 402 through the first liquid-phase inlet joint 403 and the second liquid-phase inlet respectively, and are mixed at the lower position of the baffle plate 409. After the high-pressure gas enters this area, under the action of centrifugal force, the bubbles burst and generate shock waves, which further promotes the more violent disturbance of the two liquid phases and realizes the full mixing and extraction of the two liquid phases. The mixed two liquid phases enter the drum 402, and the heavy phase and the light phase are separated from each other under the action of centrifugal force and are discharged through the heavy-phase discharge joint 406 and the light-phase discharge joint 405 respectively. In this embodiment, the central part of the lower end of the baffle plate 409 bulges downward, so that the lower end surface of the baffle plate 409 forms a diversion conical surface 413; a plurality of swirl vanes 414 are formed on the lower end surface of the baffle plate 409. These swirl vanes 414 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the baffle plate 409. Due to the setting of the diversion conical surface 413 in this embodiment, the diameter of the mixing area increases from the inside to the outside, the intersection area of the two liquid phases gradually increases, and the mixing is more sufficient under the impact of the bursting bubbles. The gas in the drum 402 is discharged through the exhaust channel 415.Moreover, due to the adoption of the swirl vanes 414, during the process of driving the baffle plate 409 to rotate, the swirl vanes 414 perform swirl disturbance on the two liquid phases, prompting the two liquid phases to mix with each other and improving the extraction effect.

[0045] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figures 12-14As shown, the powder supply mechanism includes a transfer frame 500 and a plurality of feeding units 600. Among them, the transfer frame 500 includes an annular mounting rod 501, and a plurality of fixed sleeves 502 are detachably sleeved on the annular mounting rod 501. Each fixed sleeve 502 is connected with a vertical connecting arm 503, and each connecting arm 503 is connected to the frame. Moreover, the axis of the annular mounting rod 501 coincides with the axis of the acid leaching tank 101. In this embodiment, the plurality of feeding units 600 are installed on the annular mounting rod 501 at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular mounting rod 501, and the discharging end of each feeding unit 600 extends radially inward and obliquely downward along the acid leaching tank 101. The specific structure of the feeding unit 600 in this embodiment is that the feeding unit 600 includes a material guiding cylinder 601, an assembly rod 607 and a driving motor 609. The assembly rod 607 is rotatably installed in the material guiding cylinder 601, and the axis of the assembly rod 607 coincides with the axis of the material guiding cylinder 601. In this embodiment, a feed joint 610 and a transfer ear 611 are formed on the material guiding cylinder 601, and a connecting sleeve 612 is formed on the transfer ear 611. The connecting sleeve 612 is sleeved on the annular mounting rod 501, and a plurality of relatively large locking screws are threadedly connected to the connecting sleeve 612, and each locking screw is fastened to the annular mounting rod 501. In this embodiment, by loosening the locking screws, the connection between the connecting sleeve 612 and the annular mounting rod 501 is released, and then the inclination of the material guiding cylinder 601 and / or the circumferential position of the material guiding cylinder 601 along the annular mounting rod 501 is adjusted. After the adjustment is completed, the locking screws are tightened. In this embodiment, a strip-shaped discharge nozzle 602 is formed at the lower end of the material guiding cylinder 601. The strip-shaped discharge nozzle 602 extends from one end to the other end along the axial direction of the material guiding cylinder 601. The strip-shaped discharge nozzle 602 has a strip-shaped discharge opening 603. The strip-shaped discharge opening 603 extends from one end to the other end along the axial direction of the strip-shaped discharge nozzle 602. The caliber of the strip-shaped discharge opening 603 gradually decreases vertically downward, and the caliber of the strip-shaped discharge opening 603 gradually decreases radially inward along the acid leaching tank 101. In this embodiment, a material guiding blade 608 is installed on the assembly rod 607. The material guiding blade 608 spirally extends along the axis of the material guiding cylinder 601, and one end of the assembly rod 607 is coaxially connected to the output shaft of the driving motor 609.The powder material of this embodiment enters the material guiding cylinder 601 through the feeding joint 610. At the same time, the driving motor 609 drives the material guiding blade 608 to rotate through the assembly rod 607, so that the powder material moves along the axial direction of the material guiding cylinder 601. During the movement of the powder material, the powder material is discharged through the strip-shaped discharge port 603 of the strip-shaped discharge nozzle 602, and the discharge amount of the powder material gradually decreases inward along the radial direction of the acid leaching tank 101. As a result, the input amount of the powder material decreases inward along the extension direction of the acid leaching channel 102, ensuring that the acidic leaching solution gradually mixes and dissolves the powder material in the direction of its flow. That is, the powder material with a larger input amount at the outer part of the acid leaching channel 102 gradually moves inward with the acidic leaching solution and has a longer movement stroke, so as to ensure that the powder material of this dosage can be fully mixed and leached. The powder material with a smaller input amount is close to the inner part of the acid leaching channel 102, and the acidic leaching solution carries this part of the powder material with a shorter movement stroke, ensuring the full mixing and leaching of this part of the powder material. In this way, multi-point feeding of the powder material is realized, and the effects of continuous mixing and leaching are achieved, improving the leaching effect and efficiency. In this embodiment, by adjusting the positions of multiple feeding units 600 relative to each other and / or the inclination degree of the feeding unit 600, the interval distance between the feeding points of the powder material is adjusted, and it is ensured that the powder material can fully enter the acid leaching channel 102, avoiding the situation that it cannot smoothly enter the acid leaching channel 102 under the interference of external factors (such as air flow). In this embodiment, the caliber of the strip-shaped discharge port 603 can be adjusted to adjust the supply amount of the powder material to ensure the full acid leaching of the powder material. Specifically, rubber air expansion walls 604 are respectively fixed on the two side walls of the strip-shaped discharge port 603. An air expansion cavity 605 is formed between the rubber air expansion wall 604 and the corresponding side wall of the strip-shaped discharge port 603. A gas guiding joint 606 is constructed at one end of the strip-shaped discharge nozzle 602, and both air expansion cavities 605 are connected to the gas guiding joint 606. In this embodiment, by synchronously introducing pressure gas into the two air expansion cavities 605 through the gas guiding joint 606, the two rubber air expansion walls 604 gradually approach each other, thereby adjusting the discharge caliber of the strip-shaped discharge port 603 and achieving the purpose of adjusting the discharge amount of the divided material.

[0046] The present invention also discloses a method for the above-mentioned equipment for selective extraction and separation of nickel and lithium, including the following steps:

[0047] Step 1. Introduce the acidic leaching solution into the spiral acid leaching mechanism 100 at a predetermined flow rate, and the acidic leaching solution flows through the spiral acid leaching mechanism 100 in a spiral shape.

[0048] Step 2. Continuously supply the powdery material into the powdery material supply mechanism, and control the operation of the powdery material supply mechanism. The powdery material supply mechanism continuously supplies the powdery material to the spiral acid leaching mechanism 100.

[0049] Step 3. The leaching solution enters the filtering mechanism 200, and the pressure pump 300 is controlled to act to pump the leaching solution in the filtering mechanism 200 into the air explosion type centrifugal extractor 400;

[0050] Step 4. The air explosion type centrifugal extractor 400 is controlled to act, and the extractant and gas are respectively pressurized and transported into the air explosion type centrifugal extractor 400. After the leaching solution and the extractant are mixed in the air explosion type centrifugal extractor 400, they are centrifugally separated;

[0051] Step 5. The nickel sulfate solution and the raffinate after extraction are respectively collected;

[0052] Step 6. The nickel sulfate solution is evaporated and crystallized; the raffinate is also evaporated and crystallized to obtain a crystallization mother liquor for recovering lithium carbonate.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the scope of the protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium, characterized in that: The invention comprises a powder supply mechanism and a gas explosion centrifugal extractor which are respectively arranged above and below the volute acid leaching mechanism, a filtering mechanism is installed at the center of the volute acid leaching mechanism, and the liquid outlet end of the filtering mechanism is connected with the gas explosion centrifugal extractor through a pressure pump; the volute acid leaching mechanism comprises a circular acid leaching tank with a gradually downward concave middle part, a volute line-shaped acid leaching flow channel is formed in the acid leaching tank, an acid liquid inlet joint is constructed on the acid leaching tank and located at the outer end of the acid leaching flow channel, and the filtering mechanism is installed at the center of the acid leaching tank and connected with the inner end of the acid leaching flow channel.

2. The device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of flow spoilers are arranged in the acid leaching channel. The flow spoilers are arranged at intervals along the acid leaching channel. The lower end of each flow spoiler is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the acid leaching channel. The height of the flow spoiler is not higher than 1 / 4 of the total height of the acid leaching channel at the corresponding position.

3. The device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spoiler baffle comprises a first baffle body with a rectangular cross section, a second baffle body with a triangular cross section, or a third baffle body with two arcuate surfaces, the upper end of the second baffle body has a jump flow angle, the angle of the jump flow angle is 90°-135°, the two arcuate surfaces of the third baffle body are arranged in sequence along the flow direction of the acidic leachate, and the upper ends of the two arcuate surfaces are connected to each other.

4. The device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder supply mechanism includes an annular mounting rod connected to a frame through a plurality of connecting arms, the axis of the annular mounting rod coincides with the axis of the acid leaching tank, a plurality of feeding units are installed on the annular mounting rod at intervals along its circumference, and the discharge end of each feeding unit extends radially along the acid leaching tank.

5. The device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium according to claim 4, characterized in that: The feeding unit includes an assembly rod coaxially rotatably installed in the material guide barrel, a transfer ear is constructed on the material guide barrel, and the transfer ear is connected to the annular mounting rod via a connecting sleeve constructed thereon, and a strip discharge port is constructed at the lower end of the material guide barrel, and the strip discharge port extends from one end to the other end of the material guide barrel along the axial direction, and the diameter of the strip discharge port gradually decreases vertically downward and radially inward along the acid leaching tank, and a material guide blade spirally extending along the axis of the material guide barrel is installed on the assembly rod, and one end of the assembly rod is coaxially connected to the output shaft of the drive motor.

6. The device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium according to claim 5, characterized in that: A rubber inflation wall is fixed on the two side walls of the strip-shaped discharge port, and an inflation cavity is formed between the rubber inflation wall and the corresponding side wall of the strip-shaped discharge port. Both inflation cavities are connected to an air guide joint constructed at one end of the strip-shaped discharge port.

7. The device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filtering mechanism includes a mounting seat installed at the center of the volute acid leaching mechanism, an assembly port is constructed on the mounting seat, the upper end of the assembly shell is detachably mounted at the lower end of the assembly port, the filter cartridge extends into the assembly shell through the assembly port, and the upper end of the filter cartridge is connected to the mounting seat, a slag discharge joint is connected to the peripheral wall of the assembly shell, a slag discharge valve is installed on the slag discharge joint, a slag discharge port connected to the slag discharge joint is opened on the filter cartridge, and a liquid discharge pipe is constructed at the lower end of the assembly shell, and the liquid discharge pipe is connected to the inlet end of the pressure pump.

8. The device for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas explosion centrifugal extractor includes a drum coaxially assembled in a casing, a first liquid phase inlet joint and a second liquid phase inlet joint are symmetrically connected to the casing, a drain shell is detachably connected to the upper end of the casing, a light phase discharge joint and a heavy phase discharge joint are constructed on the drain shell, the heavy phase discharge joint is higher than the light phase discharge joint, a transmission shaft is coaxially rotatably connected to the drain shell, the transmission shaft is coaxially connected to a baffle plate via a stirring blade, the baffle plate is rotatably connected to the lower end of the casing via a transfer shaft coaxially connected thereto, a total air intake channel connected to an air intake branch channel constructed in the baffle plate is provided in the transfer shaft, a plurality of air intake holes respectively connected to the air intake branch channels are evenly provided at the lower end of the baffle plate, and an exhaust channel connected to the outside is provided on the transmission shaft.

9. A method for selectively extracting and separating nickel and lithium according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1. The acidic leaching solution is introduced into the volute acid leaching mechanism at a predetermined flow rate, and the acidic leaching solution flows through the volute acid leaching mechanism in a volute shape; Step 2. Continuously supply the powdered material to the powder supply mechanism, and control the action of the powder supply mechanism, so that the powder supply mechanism continuously supplies the powdered material to the volute pickling mechanism; Step 3. The leachate enters the filter mechanism, and the pressure pump is controlled to pump the leachate in the filter mechanism into the gas explosion centrifugal extractor; Step 4. Control the operation of the gas explosion centrifugal extractor to pressurize and transport the extract and the gas to the gas explosion centrifugal extractor respectively, and the leaching liquid and the extract are mixed in the gas explosion centrifugal extractor and then centrifuged; Step 5. respectively collecting the nickel sulfate solution and the raffinate after extraction; Step 6. Evaporate the nickel sulfate solution to crystallize; evaporate the raffinate to crystallize to obtain a crystallization mother liquor for recovering lithium carbonate.

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