A method and system for calculating anti-shadow of a tracking bracket suitable for all terrains

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of tracking bracket technology, and in particular to a method and system for calculating the anti-shadow of a tracking bracket with all-terrain adaptability, comprising the following steps: S1: collecting historical data and preprocessing the collected historical data; S2: designing an algorithm based on the collected and preprocessed historical data, and using a dynamic angle adjustment algorithm and an irradiation module algorithm to calculate the optimal tilt angle on sunny days; S3: designing an algorithm based on the collected and preprocessed historical data, and using a scattered light correction algorithm and an irradiation module algorithm to calculate the optimal tilt angle on rainy days; S4: dynamically adjusting and feedback-controlling the current angle of the tracking bracket based on the optimal tilt angle obtained in steps S2 and S3, thereby achieving closed-loop control of the system. The method and system for calculating the anti-shadow of a tracking bracket with all-terrain adaptability disclosed by the present invention have the advantages of high accuracy, strong terrain adaptability, and fast dynamic adjustment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tracking brackets, and in particular to an anti-shadow calculation method and system for a tracking bracket capable of adapting to all terrains. Background Art

[0002] In photovoltaic systems, tracking brackets adjust the angle and orientation of photovoltaic modules to ensure that they are always facing the sun and maximize the received solar radiation energy. However, in complex terrain conditions (such as mountains, hills, deserts, etc.), the mutual influence between the front and rear rows of modules (such as shadow occlusion) can significantly reduce the system's power generation efficiency. Therefore, it is crucial to design an all-terrain adaptive tracking bracket anti-shadowing algorithm. This algorithm not only needs to consider the shadow problem of a single module, but also optimize the layout of the entire photovoltaic array to avoid mutual occlusion between the front and rear rows of modules. At the same time, it introduces irradiance scattering data (such as direct irradiance DNI, scattered irradiance DHI, etc.) to further improve the system's power generation efficiency.

[0003] Although existing anti-shadow tracking algorithms have reduced the impact of shadows to a certain extent, they still have the following shortcomings in practical applications:

[0004] 1. Static angle adjustment: Most existing anti-shadowing algorithms are based on fixed tilt angles or simple rules (such as preventing the shadows of the front row components from falling on the back row components). They cannot dynamically adjust the angle of each row of components, resulting in some components still being obscured by shadows at different time periods.

[0005] 2. Ignoring diffuse irradiance: Traditional anti-shadowing algorithms typically only consider direct irradiance (DNI) and ignore diffuse irradiance (DHI). In fact, diffuse irradiance accounts for a large proportion of the total irradiance on cloudy or overcast days. Ignoring this part of energy will lead to a loss of power generation efficiency.

[0006] 3. Local optimization rather than global optimization: Existing algorithms often focus only on the shading of a single row of modules, rather than optimizing the overall layout of the entire PV array. The interactions between the front and rear rows of modules (such as the effect of shading from the front row on the rear row) are not fully considered, resulting in low overall power generation efficiency.

[0007] 4. Poor terrain adaptability: Under complex terrain conditions (such as mountains with steep slopes), the existing anti-shadow algorithm cannot flexibly adjust the angle of the components, resulting in some components not receiving sufficient light or generating unnecessary shadows due to excessive tilt.

[0008] 5. Lack of real-time feedback: Existing algorithms are usually calculated based on preset parameters and cannot dynamically adjust the angle of components according to real-time environmental changes (such as wind speed, temperature, irradiance, etc.), resulting in the system being unable to adapt to instantaneous changes. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of the above problems existing in the prior art, a method and system for calculating the anti-shadow of a tracking bracket with all-terrain adaptability is provided.

[0010] The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0011] A method for calculating the anti-shadow of a tracking bracket adapted to all terrains is designed, including the following steps:

[0012] S1: Collect historical data and preprocess the collected historical data;

[0013] S2: Algorithm design based on historical data collection and pre-processed data. On sunny days, the dynamic angle adjustment algorithm and irradiation module algorithm are used to calculate the optimal tilt angle;

[0014] S3: Algorithm design based on historical data collection and pre-processed data. In rainy weather, the scattered light correction algorithm and irradiation module algorithm are used to calculate the optimal tilt angle;

[0015] S4: Based on the optimal tilt angle obtained in steps S2 and S3, the current angle of the tracking bracket is dynamically adjusted and feedback controlled to achieve closed-loop control of the system.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the historical data collection in step S1 is responsible for collecting the following data:

[0017] Module width, column spacing between rows, solar altitude angle, solar azimuth angle, direct irradiance, diffuse irradiance, and total horizontal irradiance.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the data preprocessing in step S1 includes the following steps:

[0019] S11: Clean the collected historical data to remove outliers and noise;

[0020] S12: Normalize the data using the following formula to scale each feature to the same range;

[0021]

[0022] Among them, x is the original eigenvalue and x' is the normalized eigenvalue.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present invention, step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0024] S21: Calculate the sun's position using the following formula:

[0025]

[0026] Where φ is the geographic latitude, H is the hour angle, δ is the solar declination, and θ is the z is the solar altitude angle, φ s is the solar azimuth;

[0027] S22: Calculate the angle of incidence using the following formula:

[0028] cos(θ i )=sin(θ z )·sin(θ p )+cos(θ z )·cos(θ p )·cos(Δφ)

[0029] Where θ p is the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module, θ z is the solar altitude angle, Δφ is the difference between the solar azimuth angle and the PV module azimuth angle, θ i is the angle of incidence;

[0030] S23: Calculate the total irradiance using the following formula:

[0031] G(t)=DNI(t)·cos(θ i )+DHI(t)

[0032] Where DNI(t) is the direct irradiance, DHI(t) is the diffuse irradiance, and G(t) is the total irradiance.

[0033] As a further improvement of the present invention, step S3 specifically includes the following steps:

[0034] S31: Calculate the optimal tilt angle using the following formula:

[0035]

[0036] Where DNI(t) is the direct irradiance, DHI(t) is the diffuse irradiance, θ opt (t) is the current optimal tilt angle;

[0037] S32: Introduce a correction factor to adjust the tilt angle and correct the incident angle according to the following formula:

[0038] θ final (t) = θ opt (t)+β·cos(θ i )

[0039] Where θ final (t) is the final tilt angle, θ opt (t) is the current optimal tilt angle, β is the scattered light correction coefficient, θ i is the angle of incidence.

[0040] As a further improvement of the present invention, the dynamic angle adjustment in step S4 specifically includes the following steps:

[0041] S41: Determine weather conditions: Determine whether it is sunny or rainy based on the ratio of DNI to DHI.

[0042] S42: Calculate the optimal angle: On sunny days, the optimal tilt angle is calculated using the dynamic angle adjustment formula. On rainy days, the optimal tilt angle is calculated using the scattered light correction formula.

[0043] S43: Send control instructions: Send the calculated optimal tilt angle to the TCU to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic module.

[0044] As a further improvement of the present invention, the feedback control in step S4 is specifically a timer triggering mechanism, which uses the timer to call the optimization algorithm every T minutes and recalculate the optimal angle according to the following formula:

[0045] α(t)=α*(tT)

[0046] Where t is the current time and T is the time interval of the timer.

[0047] The patent application of the present invention also discloses an electronic device, including a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the steps of the above-mentioned all-terrain adaptive tracking bracket anti-shadow calculation method are implemented.

[0048] The patent application of the present invention also discloses a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned all-terrain adaptive tracking bracket anti-shadow calculation method are implemented.

[0049] The patent application of the present invention also discloses an all-terrain-adaptive tracking bracket anti-shadow calculation system, which is used to implement the above-mentioned all-terrain-adaptive tracking bracket anti-shadow calculation method.

[0050] The above technical solution has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0051] 1. High precision: By introducing scatter irradiance data (DNI, DHI, GHI), the calculation method disclosed in this application can more accurately calculate the total irradiance of each row of components, ensuring maximum power generation efficiency even in cloudy or overcast weather.

[0052] 2. Strong adaptability to terrain: The calculation method disclosed in this application can flexibly adjust the angle and orientation of photovoltaic modules according to the characteristics of different terrains, ensuring that each module can receive maximum light and avoid unnecessary shadows.

[0053] 3. Dynamic adjustment: Through a timer and environmental monitoring system, the calculation method disclosed in this application can adjust the angle of each row of components in real time, ensuring that the photovoltaic system can adapt to changes in the sun's position and environment and always maintain the optimal power generation state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] The embodiments of the present invention will be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are provided for illustration and description only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-shadow calculation method for an all-terrain-adaptive tracking bracket proposed by the present invention.

[0056] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an all-terrain-adaptive tracking bracket anti-shadow calculation system proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0059] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0060] Reference Figure 1 , a method for calculating anti-shadow of a tracking bracket for all-terrain adaptation, comprising the following steps:

[0061] S1: Collect historical data and preprocess the collected historical data;

[0062] S2: Algorithm design based on historical data collection and pre-processed data. On sunny days, the dynamic angle adjustment algorithm and irradiation module algorithm are used to calculate the optimal tilt angle;

[0063] S3: Design algorithms based on the data collected and preprocessed from historical data. When it is rainy or cloudy, use the diffuse light correction algorithm and the irradiance module algorithm to calculate the optimal tilt angle.

[0064] S4: Based on the optimal tilt angle obtained in steps S2 and S3, dynamically adjust and feedback control the current angle of the tracking bracket to achieve closed-loop control of the system.

[0065] Correspondingly,

[0066] Irradiance can be classified into direct normal irradiance (DNI), diffuse horizontal irradiance (DHI), etc.

[0067] On sunny days: DNI > DHI, and the photovoltaic modules mainly rely on direct sunlight for photoelectric conversion.

[0068] On rainy or cloudy days: DNI < DHI, and it mainly relies on diffuse light for photoelectric conversion.

[0069] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0070] S1. Collection and preprocessing of historical data

[0071] When collecting historical data, mainly collect the following data:

[0072] Panel Width, (W): The width of the photovoltaic module, in meters (m), used to calculate the shadow length.

[0073] Row Spacing, (S): The horizontal distance between two adjacent rows of modules, in meters (m), used to determine whether there is shadow occlusion.

[0074] Solar Elevation Angle: The angle of the sun relative to the horizon, in degrees (°), used to calculate the shadow length.

[0075] Solar Azimuth Angle: The angle of the sun relative to due south, in degrees (°), used to calculate the direction of the shadow.

[0076] Direct Normal Irradiance, (DNI): The direct radiation from the sun, in watts per square meter (W / m 2 )

[0077] Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance, (DHI): The diffuse radiation from the sky, in watts per square meter (W / m 2 )

[0078] Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI): The sum of direct and diffuse irradiance, expressed in watts per square meter (W / m 2 ).

[0079] Data preprocessing specifically includes the following steps:

[0080] S11: Clean the collected historical data to remove outliers and noise.

[0081] S12: Normalize the data and scale each feature to the same range (such as [0, 1]) to facilitate subsequent data processing and calculation.

[0082]

[0083] Among them, x is the original eigenvalue and x' is the normalized eigenvalue.

[0084] S2, the sunny day dynamic adjustment module uses historical data collection and pre-processed data to design an algorithm. On sunny days, it uses the dynamic angle adjustment algorithm and the irradiation module algorithm to calculate the optimal tilt angle. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0085] Calculation of optimal tracking angle under clear sky

[0086] Under sunny conditions, direct irradiance (DNI) dominates. The optimal tilt angle of the PV panels should be facing the sun as much as possible to maximize the direct sunlight received. The specific steps are as follows:

[0087] S21, calculate the sun position:

[0088] sin(θ z )=cos(δ)·cos(φ)·cos(H)+sin(δ)·sin(φ)

[0089] Input: geographic latitude φ (radians), provided by the GPS module; hour angle (H) (radians), calculated according to local time; solar declination δ, which can be calculated based on the date.

[0090] Output: Sun altitude angle (radians) θ z and the solar azimuth φ s .

[0091] S22, incident angle calculation:

[0092] cos(θ i )=sin(θz )·sin(θ p ) + cos(θ z )·cos(θ p )·cos(Δφ)

[0093] Input: Solar altitude angle (radians) θ z , obtained from the solar position calculation formula; tilt angle (radians) θ of the photovoltaic module p , obtained from the dynamic angle adjustment formula; difference Δφ between the solar azimuth angle and the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module, calculated from the solar position calculation formula and the installation azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module.

[0094] Output: Incidence angle θ i , representing the angle between the solar rays and the normal of the surface of the photovoltaic module.

[0095] S23 Calculate the total irradiance

[0096] G(t) = DNI(t)·cos(θ i ) + DHI(t)

[0097] Input: Direct normal irradiance (DNI(t)) (W / m 2 ), measured by a two-axis irradiance sensor; diffuse irradiance (DHI(t)) (W / m 2 ), measured by a two-axis irradiance sensor; incidence angle θ i , obtained from the incidence angle calculation formula.

[0098] Output: Total irradiance (G(t)) (W / m 2 ), representing the total energy received by the photovoltaic module.

[0099] S3. Diffuse light adjustment module on cloudy and rainy days, designs an algorithm based on the data collected and preprocessed from historical data. In cloudy and rainy weather, uses the diffuse light correction algorithm and the irradiance module algorithm to calculate the optimal tilt angle. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0100] Calculation of the optimal tracking angle on cloudy and rainy days

[0101] Judge the weather conditions by real-time monitoring of the values of DNI and DHI through a two-axis irradiance sensor. If DNI < DHI, it is judged as cloudy and rainy weather and enters the diffuse light optimization mode.

[0102] In cloudy and rainy weather, the direct normal irradiance (DNI) decreases significantly, and the diffuse irradiance (DHI) becomes the main energy source. At this time, the optimal tilt angle of the photovoltaic module should be placed as horizontally as possible to maximize the received diffuse light. The specific steps are as follows:

[0103] S31. Calculate the optimal tilt angle

[0104]

[0105] Input: Direct normal irradiance (DNI(t)) (W / m 2 ), measured by a two-axis irradiance sensor; Diffuse horizontal irradiance (DHI(t)) (W / m 2 ), measured by a two-axis irradiance sensor;

[0106] Solar altitude angle θ z , obtained from the solar position calculation formula.

[0107] In the case where DNI < DHI, it will approach 0, that is, the photovoltaic module tends to be placed horizontally.

[0108] S32. Incidence angle correction

[0109] Even in rainy or cloudy weather, it is still necessary to consider the absorption efficiency of diffuse light by the incidence angle. The smaller the incidence angle, the higher the absorption efficiency of diffuse light. Therefore, a correction factor can be introduced to adjust the tilt angle:

[0110] θ final (t) = θ opt (t) + β · cos(θ i )

[0111] Input: Optimized tilt angle (radians) θ opt (t), obtained from the formula in S31; Incidence angle (radians) θ i , obtained from the incidence angle calculation formula; Diffuse light correction coefficient β, usually between 0.1 and 0.5, adjusted according to the actual situation.

[0112] Output: Final tilt angle θ final (t), used to control the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module.

[0113] S4. Dynamic adjustment and feedback control, dynamically adjust the current angle of the tracking bracket, and achieve closed-loop control based on the received data feedback. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0114] Dynamic angle adjustment

[0115] S41. Judge the weather conditions: Judge whether it is sunny or rainy / cloudy weather according to the ratio of DNI and DHI;

[0116] S42. Calculate the optimal angle: In sunny weather, use the dynamic angle adjustment formula to calculate the optimal tilt angle; in rainy / cloudy weather, use the diffuse light correction formula to calculate the optimal tilt angle.

[0117] S43, sending a control instruction: sending the calculated optimal tilt angle to the TCU for controlling the rotation of the tracking bracket to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic module.

[0118] 2. Timer trigger mechanism

[0119] Use a timer to call the optimization algorithm every T minutes to recalculate the optimal angle:

[0120] α(t)=α*(tT)

[0121] Where t is the current time and T is the timer interval.

[0122] In addition, the patent application of the present invention also discloses an electronic device, including a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and runnable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the steps of the above-mentioned all-terrain adaptive tracking bracket anti-shadow calculation method are implemented.

[0123] In addition, the patent application of the present invention also discloses a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned all-terrain adaptive tracking bracket anti-shadow calculation method are implemented.

[0124] In addition, the present invention patent application also discloses an all-terrain adaptive tracking bracket anti-shadow calculation system for implementing the above-mentioned all-terrain adaptive tracking bracket anti-shadow calculation method, specifically, as follows Figure 2 As shown, the system consists of a historical data collection and data preprocessing module, a sunny day dynamic adjustment module, a rainy day scattered light adjustment module, and a dynamic adjustment and feedback module. The historical data collection and data preprocessing module collects historical data through various sensors and preprocesses it according to steps S11-S12, and sends the collected and processed data to the sunny day dynamic adjustment module and the rainy day scattered light adjustment module. The sunny day dynamic adjustment module and the rainy day scattered light adjustment module calculate the optimal inclination angle after judging the weather conditions. The dynamic adjustment and feedback module is used for real-time adjustment and optimization of the photovoltaic module angle to achieve the purpose of obtaining maximum power generation.

[0125] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the implementation mode and protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it should be aware that all solutions obtained by equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made using the description and illustrations of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the anti-shadow of a tracking bracket that is adaptable to all terrains, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Collect historical data and perform data preprocessing on the collected historical data; S2: Algorithm design based on historical data collection and pre-processed data. On sunny days, the dynamic angle adjustment algorithm and irradiation module algorithm are used to calculate the optimal tilt angle; S3: Algorithm design based on historical data collection and pre-processed data. In rainy weather, the scattered light correction algorithm and irradiation module algorithm are used to calculate the optimal tilt angle; S4: Based on the optimal tilt angle obtained in steps S2 and S3, the current angle of the tracking bracket is dynamically adjusted and feedback controlled to achieve closed-loop control of the system; The historical data collection in step S1 is responsible for collecting the following data: Module width, column spacing between rows, solar altitude angle, solar azimuth angle, direct irradiance, diffuse irradiance, and total horizontal irradiance; The step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21: Calculate the sun's position using the following formula: sin(θ z )=cos(δ)·cos(φ)·cos(H)+sin(δ)·sin(φ) Where φ is the geographic latitude, H is the hour angle, δ is the solar declination, and θ is the z is the solar altitude angle, φ s is the solar azimuth; S22: Calculate the angle of incidence using the following formula: cos(θ i )=sin(θ z )·sin(θ p )+cos(θ z )·cos(θ p )·cos(Δφ) Where θ p is the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module, θ z is the solar altitude angle, Δφ is the difference between the solar azimuth angle and the PV module azimuth angle, θ i is the angle of incidence; S23: Calculate the total irradiance using the following formula: G(t)=DNI(t)·cos(θ i )+DHI(t) Where DNI(t) is the direct irradiance, DHI(t) is the diffuse irradiance, and G(t) is the total irradiance; The dynamic angle adjustment in step S4 specifically includes the following steps: S41: Determine weather conditions: Determine whether it is sunny or rainy based on the ratio of DNI to DHI; S42: Calculate the optimal angle: On sunny days, the optimal tilt angle is calculated using the dynamic angle adjustment formula. On rainy days, the optimal tilt angle is calculated using the scattered light correction formula. S43: Send control instructions: Send the calculated optimal tilt angle to the TCU to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic module.

2. The anti-shadow calculation method for an all-terrain adaptive tracking bracket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31: Calculate the optimal tilt angle using the following formula: Where DNI(t) is the direct irradiance, DHI(t) is the diffuse irradiance, θ opt (t) is the current optimal tilt angle; S32: Introduce a correction factor to adjust the tilt angle and correct the incident angle according to the following formula: i final (t)=θ opt (t)+β·cos(θ i ) Where θ final (t) is the final tilt angle, θ opt (t) is the current optimal tilt angle, β is the scattered light correction coefficient, θ i is the angle of incidence.

3. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the program, the steps of the anti-shadow calculation method for the all-terrain adaptive tracking bracket are implemented as described in any one of claims 1-2.

4. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the anti-shadow calculation method of the all-terrain adaptive tracking bracket are implemented as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2.

5. An all-terrain adaptive tracking bracket anti-shadow calculation system, characterized in that: Used to implement the anti-shadow calculation method of the all-terrain adaptive tracking bracket as claimed in any one of claims 1-2.

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