An Efficient Equipment and Implementation Method for Directional Reaming and Permeability Enhancement While Drilling in Soft and Broken Coal Seams

Abstract

The present application discloses an efficient equipment and implementation method for directional reaming and permeability enhancement while drilling in soft broken coal seams, which relates to the technical field of coal mine drilling. It includes a drill pipe, a drill bit, a diversion component, and a reaming component. The drill bit is arranged at the end of the drill pipe. Along the drilling direction, the reaming component and the diversion component are fixedly sleeved adjacent to each other on the drill pipe, and there is a distance between the diversion component and the drill bit. The reaming component includes a crushing ring, an adapter sleeve, a through groove, crushing nails, and a cutting tooth group. A plurality of the crushing nails are arranged on the end face of the crushing ring facing the drill bit. The adapter sleeve is fixedly arranged on the other end face of the crushing ring. A through hole for sleeving the drill pipe is left between the crushing ring and the adapter sleeve. A plurality of through grooves penetrating the crushing ring and the adapter sleeve are evenly distributed circumferentially along the through hole. And the cutting tooth group is arranged in two groups on the circumference of the crushing ring, and a slag passing notch is formed between the two groups of the cutting tooth groups.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of coal mine drilling, and particularly relates to an efficient equipment for directional reaming and permeability enhancement during drilling in soft broken coal seams and an implementation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The application of directional reaming and permeability enhancement equipment can significantly improve the gas permeability of coal seams and the gas extraction efficiency. For example, a directional cavity-cutting and reaming bit for coal mines can control the retraction and extension of the cutter wing body by controlling the water pressure, and maintain the opening of the cutter wing body through the reaction force of hydraulic punching, and ream the hole while drilling. This bit is arranged between two drill pipes, can be used for both ordinary drilling and directional drilling rigs, and does not require slag discharge. It reams the hole once during the directional drilling process, and does not need to lower the drill after drilling the guide hole, increasing the gas extraction rate of the coal seam.

[0003] However, the direct large-scale cutting of the extended-wing type reaming bit increases the resistance, and the extended wing is continuously worn during the complete cutting process. If some parts are worn and not replaced as a whole, the efficiency will be sharply reduced, and the resistance of the single cutting surface is correspondingly too large due to the too large cutting surface.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an efficient equipment for directional reaming and permeability enhancement during drilling in soft broken coal seams and an implementation method thereof to solve the problems raised in the above background art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solution: An efficient equipment for directional reaming and permeability enhancement during drilling in soft broken coal seams, including a drill pipe, a drill bit, a diversion component, and a reaming component. The drill bit is arranged at the end of the drill pipe. Along the drilling direction, the reaming component and the diversion component are adjacently sleeved and fixed on the drill pipe, and there is a distance between the diversion component and the drill bit.

[0006] The reaming component includes a crushing ring, a transition sleeve, a through groove, a crushing nail, and a cutting tooth group. A plurality of the crushing nails are arranged on the end face of the crushing ring facing the drill bit. The transition sleeve is fixedly arranged on the other end face of the crushing ring. There is a through hole for sleeving the drill pipe between the crushing ring and the transition sleeve. A plurality of through grooves penetrating the crushing ring and the transition sleeve are evenly distributed circumferentially along the through hole. And the cutting tooth group is arranged in two groups on the circumference of the crushing ring, and a slag passing notch is formed between the two groups of the cutting tooth groups.

[0007] Further, preferably, with the cross-section perpendicular to the axis of the drill pipe as the projection plane, the maximum diameter of the projection contour of the drill bit is greater than the maximum diameter of the projection contour of the diversion component, the maximum diameter of the projection contour of the through groove is equal to the maximum diameter of the projection contour of the diversion component, and the minimum diameter of the projection contour of the slag passing notch is less than the maximum diameter of the projection contour of the drill bit.

[0008] Further, as a preference, the cutting tooth group is composed of a first cutting tooth, a second cutting tooth, and a third cutting tooth arranged in sequence, and diversion grooves are formed on one side of the first cutting tooth and the second cutting tooth close to the adapter sleeve.

[0009] Further, as a preference, the depth of the diversion groove gradually becomes shallower against the rotation direction, communication holes penetrating through the crushing ring and the adapter sleeve are formed on the inner wall of the diversion groove, and the communication holes are communicated with the water supply assembly inside the drill pipe.

[0010] Further, as a preference, the crushing nails are divided into multiple segments, arranged corresponding to the first cutting tooth and the second cutting tooth, and the crushing nails are arranged gradually closer against the rotation direction.

[0011] Further, as a preference, the diversion assembly includes an overflow ring, a ring-shaped frame, partition ribs, and diversion plates. The ring-shaped frames are arranged in two parallel ones, and partition ribs are evenly distributed between the two ring-shaped frames. The partition ribs are supported between the ring-shaped frame and the drill pipe, and multiple diversion plates are arranged axially between the partition ribs. The overflow ring is arranged in contact with the ring-shaped frame.

[0012] Further, as a preference, the end face of the ring-shaped frame is sealed in contact with the overflow ring.

[0013] Further, as a preference, one end of the diversion plate is fixed on the surface of the drill pipe, the other end is fixed on the ring-shaped frame, and the whole is arranged obliquely. The end of the diversion plate in contact with the surface of the drill pipe is close to the drill bit.

[0014] Further, as a preference, the overflow ring is communicated with the water supply assembly inside the drill pipe, and the diameter of the overflow ring is smaller than the diameter of the ring-shaped frame.

[0015] An implementation method for efficient directional reaming and permeability enhancement while drilling in soft coal seams includes the following steps:

[0016] Ⅰ. The drill pipe rotates to drill a hole through the drill bit. At the same time, the diversion assembly enters the inside of the drilled hole synchronously with the drill pipe, and the reaming assembly fits the end face of the drilled hole and reams the hole synchronously with the rotation of the drill pipe.

[0017] Ⅱ. The diversion assembly is used to guide the diversion of the slag slurry generated by the drilled hole. Part of the slag slurry adheres to the inner wall of the drilled hole, rubs under the rotation of the drill pipe, and directly passes through the reaming assembly through the through groove, and the other part of the slag slurry flows out through the slag passing slot.

[0018] Ⅲ. The coal seam is first broken by the crushing nails, and then the remaining part is cut by the cutting tooth group. The slag slurry generated by reaming flows out through the slag passing slot. During this period, part of the slag slurry flows out along the diversion groove along with the rotation of the drill pipe and the water flow supplied by the communication hole.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present application provides an efficient equipment and implementation method for directional reaming and permeability enhancement while drilling in soft broken coal seams, having the following beneficial effects:

[0020] In the present application, water supply through the connecting holes drives the crushed slag slurry generated by reaming and drilling to flow along the diversion grooves, avoiding blockage. Moreover, the cutting teeth 1, cutting teeth 2, and cutting teeth 3 have different cutting thicknesses, and the cutting teeth 3 are not provided with diversion grooves, having higher strength and being not easily worn out. Even if the cutting teeth 1 and cutting teeth 2 are worn, it will not have much impact on the cutting effect;

[0021] Part of the coal slag is frictionally broken on the end face of the coal seam by the clamping of the crushing nails. On the one hand, the size of the coal slag is refined to avoid blockage, and on the other hand, the wear of the crushing nails can be reduced;

[0022] The diversion plate is used to divert the crushed slag slurry generated by drilling, so that the crushed slag slurry gradually adheres to the inner wall of the drill hole. Under the rotation of the drill pipe, the crushed slag slurry further generates friction with the inner wall of the drill hole, refining the size of the coal slag generated by drilling and loosening the inner wall of the drill hole at the same time. It is convenient for the crushed slag slurry to pass through to avoid blockage, and is beneficial to reducing the reaction force borne by the reaming assembly during the subsequent reaming process, and is beneficial to improving the reaming efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] By reading the following detailed description of the non-restrictive embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, other features, objects, and advantages of the present application will become more obvious:

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an efficient equipment for directional reaming and permeability enhancement while drilling in soft broken coal seams;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the diversion component of an efficient equipment for directional reaming and permeability enhancement while drilling in soft broken coal seams;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the reaming component of an efficient equipment for directional reaming and permeability enhancement while drilling in soft broken coal seams;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the front structure of an efficient equipment for directional reaming and permeability enhancement while drilling in soft broken coal seams;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutting tooth group of an efficient equipment for directional reaming and permeability enhancement while drilling in soft broken coal seams;

[0029] In the figure: 1. Drill pipe; 2. Drill bit; 3. Diversion component; 31. Overflow ring; 32. Annular frame; 33. Partition rib; 34. Diversion plate; 4. Reaming component; 41. Crushing ring; 42. Adapter sleeve; 43. Through groove; 44. Crushing nail; 45. Cutting tooth group; 451. First cutting tooth; 452. Second cutting tooth; 453. Third cutting tooth; 454. Diversion groove; 455. Communication hole; 46. Slag passing notch. Specific implementation mode

[0030] Please refer to Figures 1 - 5 , in the embodiment of the present application, an efficient soft coal seam directional reaming and permeability increasing equipment while drilling includes a drill pipe 1, a drill bit 2, a diversion component 3 and a reaming component 4. The drill bit 2 is arranged at the end of the drill pipe 1. Along the drilling direction, the reaming component 4 and the diversion component 3 are fixedly sleeved adjacent to each other on the drill pipe 1, and there is a distance between the diversion component 3 and the drill bit 2;

[0031] The reaming component 4 includes a crushing ring 41, an adapter sleeve 42, a through groove 43, a crushing nail 44 and a cutting tooth group 45. A plurality of the crushing nails 44 are arranged on the end face of the crushing ring 41 facing the drill bit 2. The adapter sleeve 42 is fixedly arranged on the other end face of the crushing ring 41. A through hole for sleeving the drill pipe 1 is left between the crushing ring 41 and the adapter sleeve 42. A plurality of through grooves 43 penetrating through the crushing ring 41 and the adapter sleeve 42 are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the through hole. And the cutting tooth group 45 is arranged in two groups on the circumference of the crushing ring 41. A slag passing notch 46 is formed between the two groups of the cutting tooth group 45.

[0032] It should be explained that the diversion component 3 guides the diversion of the crushed slag slurry generated by the drilling, makes it stick to the inner wall of the drilling hole and rubs under the rotation of the drill pipe 1, further refines the crushed slag and loosens the inner wall of the drilling hole for subsequent reaming. At the same time, a part of the crushed slag slurry directly passes through the reaming component 4 through the through groove 43, and another part flows out through the slag passing notch 46;

[0033] At the same time, the coal seam is first broken by the crushing nails 44, and the remaining part is cut by the cutting tooth group 45 to complete the reaming. The whole reaming process is divided into multiple steps to ensure the reaming efficiency and the durability of the device;

[0034] Compared with the extended wing type reaming, the present application avoids the increase in resistance caused by direct large-scale cutting. Moreover, in the direct complete cutting process of the extended wing, continuous wear occurs, and some parts are worn without overall replacement, resulting in a sharp decrease in efficiency, and the resistance is correspondingly too large due to the too large single cutting surface.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment, taking the cross-section perpendicular to the axis of the drill pipe 1 as the projection plane, the maximum diameter of the projection contour of the drill bit 2 is greater than the maximum diameter of the projection contour of the diversion assembly 3, the maximum diameter of the projection contour of the through slot 43 is equal to the maximum diameter of the projection contour of the diversion assembly 3, and the minimum diameter of the projection contour of the slag passing slot 46 is less than the maximum diameter of the projection contour of the drill bit 2.

[0036] It should be noted that for the diversion of the drilling mud, the main flow passes through the through slot 43, and the diverted flow passes through the slag passing slot 46, driving the crushed slag generated by the reaming to flow to avoid blockage.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment, the cutting tooth group 45 is composed of a first cutting tooth 451, a second cutting tooth 452, and a third cutting tooth 453 arranged in sequence, and diversion grooves 454 are provided on one side of the first cutting tooth 451 and the second cutting tooth 452 close to the adapter sleeve 42.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment, the depth of the diversion groove 454 gradually becomes shallower against the rotation direction, communication holes 455 penetrating through the crushing ring 41 and the adapter sleeve 42 are provided on the inner wall of the diversion groove 454, and the communication holes 455 communicate with the water supply assembly inside the drill pipe 1.

[0039] It should be noted that the water supply through the communication holes 455 drives the crushed slag slurry generated by the reaming and drilling to flow along the diversion groove 454 to avoid blockage. Moreover, the first cutting tooth 451, the second cutting tooth 452, and the third cutting tooth 453 have different cutting thicknesses, and the third cutting tooth 453 is not provided with a diversion groove 454, which has higher strength and is not easily worn out. Even if the first cutting tooth 451 and the second cutting tooth 452 are worn, it will not have too much impact on the cutting effect.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment, the crushing nails 44 are divided into multiple sections, arranged corresponding to the first cutting tooth 451 and the second cutting tooth 452, and the crushing nails 44 are arranged gradually closely against the rotation direction.

[0041] It should be noted that the crushing nails 44 are used to clamp part of the coal slag to frictionally crush the end face of the coal seam. On the one hand, it refines the size of the coal slag to avoid blockage, and on the other hand, it can reduce the wear of the crushing nails 44.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment, the diversion assembly 3 includes an overflow ring 31, a ring frame 32, partition ribs 33, and diversion plates 34. The ring frames 32 are arranged in two parallel rows, and the partition ribs 33 are evenly distributed between the two ring frames 32. The partition ribs 33 are supported between the ring frame 32 and the drill pipe 1, and a plurality of diversion plates 34 are arranged axially between the partition ribs 33. The overflow ring 31 is arranged in contact with the ring frame 32.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment, the annular frame 32 fits against the end face of the overflow ring 31 for plugging.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment, one end of the deflector 34 is fixed to the surface of the drill pipe 1, and the other end is fixed to the annular frame 32. The whole is arranged obliquely, and the end of the deflector 34 that fits against the surface of the drill pipe 1 is close to the drill bit 2.

[0045] It should be noted that the deflector 34 diverts the crushed slag slurry generated by drilling, so that the crushed slag slurry gradually adheres to the inner wall of the drill hole. Under the rotation of the drill pipe 1, the crushed slag slurry further rubs against the inner wall of the drill hole, refining the size of the coal slag generated by drilling and loosening the inner wall of the drill hole at the same time. This facilitates the passage of the crushed slag slurry to avoid blockage, and is beneficial to reducing the reaction force borne by the reaming assembly 4 during the subsequent reaming process, and is beneficial to improving the reaming efficiency.

[0046] As a preferred embodiment, the overflow ring 31 is connected to the internal water supply assembly of the drill pipe 1, and the diameter of the overflow ring 31 is smaller than the diameter of the annular frame 32.

[0047] It should be noted that the overflow ring 31 supplies water to drive the crushed slag slurry to overflow towards the through groove 43 and the slag passing notch 46.

[0048] An implementation method for efficient directional reaming and permeability enhancement during soft coal seam drilling while drilling includes the following steps:

[0049] Ⅰ. The drill pipe 1 rotates to drill a hole through the drill bit 2. At the same time, the guiding assembly 3 follows the drill pipe 1 and synchronously enters the drill hole, and the reaming assembly 4 fits against the end face of the drill hole and synchronously reams the hole as the drill pipe 1 rotates.

[0050] Ⅱ. The deflector assembly 3 guides the diversion of the crushed slag slurry generated by drilling. Part of the crushed slag slurry adheres to the inner wall of the drill hole and rubs under the rotation of the drill pipe 1 and directly passes through the reaming assembly 4 through the through groove 43, and the other part of the crushed slag slurry flows out through the slag passing notch 46.

[0051] Ⅲ. The coal seam is first broken by the crushing nails 44, and the remaining part is cut by the cutting tooth group 45. The crushed slag slurry generated by reaming flows out through the slag passing notch 46. During this period, part of the crushed slag slurry flows out along the diversion groove 454 with the rotation of the drill pipe 1 and the water supply through the communication hole 455.

[0052] The above-mentioned is only the preferred specific implementation manner of this application, but the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by this application, according to the technical solution of this application and its application concept, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An efficient directional reaming and permeability-increasing equipment for drilling in soft broken coal seams, characterized in that: It includes a drill pipe (1), a drill bit (2), a diversion assembly (3) and a reaming assembly (4). The drill bit (2) is arranged at the end of the drill pipe (1). Along the drilling direction, the reaming assembly (4) and the diversion assembly (3) are adjacently sleeved and fixed on the drill pipe (1), and there is a spacing between the diversion assembly (3) and the drill bit (2). The reaming assembly (4) includes a crushing ring (41), an adapter sleeve (42), a through groove (43), a crushing nail (44) and a cutting tooth group (45). A plurality of the crushing nails (44) are arranged on the end face of the crushing ring (41) facing the drill bit (2). The adapter sleeve (42) is fixedly arranged on the other end face of the crushing ring (41). A through hole for sleeving the drill pipe (1) is left between the crushing ring (41) and the adapter sleeve (42). A plurality of through grooves (43) penetrating the crushing ring (41) and the adapter sleeve (42) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the through hole. And the cutting tooth group (45) is arranged in two groups on the circumference of the crushing ring (41), and a slag passing notch (46) is formed between the two groups of the cutting tooth groups (45). Taking the cross-section perpendicular to the axis of the drill pipe (1) as the projection plane, the maximum diameter of the projection contour of the drill bit (2) is greater than the maximum diameter of the projection contour of the diversion assembly (3). The maximum diameter of the projection contour of the through groove (43) is equal to the maximum diameter of the projection contour of the diversion assembly (3). The minimum diameter of the projection contour of the slag passing notch (46) is less than the maximum diameter of the projection contour of the drill bit (2). The cutting tooth group (45) is composed of a first cutting tooth (451), a second cutting tooth (452) and a third cutting tooth (453) arranged in sequence. And a diversion groove (454) is formed on the side of the first cutting tooth (451) and the second cutting tooth (452) close to the adapter sleeve (42). The diversion assembly (3) includes an overflow ring (31), an annular frame (32), partition ribs (33) and diversion plates (34). The annular frames (32) are arranged in two parallel. And a plurality of partition ribs (33) are evenly distributed between the two annular frames (32). The partition ribs (33) are supported between the annular frame (32) and the drill pipe (1). And a plurality of the diversion plates (34) are arranged axially between the partition ribs (33). The overflow ring (31) is arranged in contact with the annular frame (32).

2. An efficient directional reaming and permeability enhancement equipment for soft broken coal seams while drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the diversion groove (454) gradually becomes shallower against the rotation direction. A communication hole (455) penetrating the crushing ring (41) and the adapter sleeve (42) is formed on the inner wall of the diversion groove (454). And the communication hole (455) communicates with the internal water supply assembly of the drill pipe (1).

3. The high-efficiency directional reaming and permeability-increasing equipment for soft broken coal seams while drilling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The crushing nails (44) are divided into multiple segments and are arranged corresponding to the first cutting tooth (451) and the second cutting tooth (452). And the crushing nails (44) are arranged gradually closely against the rotation direction.

4. An efficient directional reaming and permeability-increasing equipment for soft coal seams while drilling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The end face of the annular frame (32) fits and seals the overflow ring (31).

5. An efficient equipment for directional reaming and permeability enhancement while drilling in soft broken coal seams according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the deflector plate (34) is fixed to the surface of the drill pipe (1), and the other end is fixed to the annular frame (32). The deflector plate is arranged obliquely as a whole, and the end of the deflector plate (34) that fits the surface of the drill pipe (1) is close to the drill bit (2).

6. The high-efficiency directional reaming and permeability increasing equipment for soft broken coal seams while drilling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The overflow ring (31) communicates with the internal water supply assembly of the drill pipe (1), and the diameter of the overflow ring (31) is smaller than the diameter of the annular frame (32).

7. An implementation method for directional reaming and permeability enhancement while drilling in highly soft coal seams, which uses an equipment for directional reaming and permeability enhancement while drilling in highly soft coal seams as described in any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Ⅰ. The drill pipe (1) rotates to drill a hole through the drill bit (2). At the same time, the diversion assembly (3) enters the inside of the drilled hole synchronously with the drill pipe (1), and the reaming assembly (4) fits the end face of the drilled hole and reams the hole synchronously with the rotation of the drill pipe (1). Ⅱ. The diversion assembly (3) is used to guide the diversion of the crushed slag slurry generated by the drilled hole. Part of the crushed slag slurry adheres to the inner wall of the drilled hole and is rubbed under the rotation of the drill pipe (1) and directly passes through the reaming assembly (4) through the through groove (43). The other part of the crushed slag slurry flows out through the slag passing notch (46). Ⅲ. The coal seam is first broken by the crushing nails (44), and then the remaining part is cut by the cutting tooth group (45). The crushed slag slurry generated by reaming flows out through the slag passing notch (46). During this period, part of the crushed slag slurry flows out along the diversion groove (454) with the rotation of the drill pipe (1) and the water supply through the communication hole (455).

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