Novel temperature-bearing wear-resistant copper alloy and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel temperature-bearing wear-resistant copper alloy and application thereof, belongs to the technical field of non-ferrous metal materials and preparation thereof, solves the technical problem of insufficient wear resistance and working stability of a copper wire mother in a high-temperature environment, and adopts the technical scheme that the novel temperature-bearing wear-resistant copper alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-42% of zinc, 2-4% of aluminum, 4-7% of manganese, 0.4-0.7% of nickel and the balance of copper. 4%-7% of silicon-chromium-iron alloy and the balance of copper; the novel temperature-bearing and wear-resisting copper alloy is used for preparing a copper alloy part, namely a copper wire bus bar, which works by virtue of friction force in a high-temperature environment. The invention further discloses preparation process steps of the copper wire bus bar. By optimizing the composition, the proportion and the preparation technological process of the copper alloy, the wear resistance and the strength of the copper alloy are improved, and the copper alloy is suitable for preparing high-strength wear-resistant copper wire nuts and other parts and has wide application prospects and remarkable economic value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metal materials and preparation thereof, and specifically relates to a novel temperature-bearing and wear-resistant copper alloy and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Copper wire nut is an important transmission part in friction or electric series forging equipment. Copper wire nut and screw together form a friction pair for power transmission. At present, the material of copper wire nut is usually ZHAl66-6-3-2 copper alloy. Copper wire nut is used frequently and has a long continuous working time. Due to the mutual friction between copper wire nut and screw and the combined effect of ambient temperature, the working temperature of copper wire nut increases (the actual working temperature reaches 100℃-200℃). At this temperature, the wear resistance of copper wire nut is weakened. Generally, after 12-15 months of use, copper wire nut fails and cannot be used normally, which increases the use cost of forging equipment and affects the operation efficiency of equipment.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a copper alloy material that can withstand high temperatures in a high temperature environment, has good wear resistance, and has stable performance for use in the preparation of copper wire mother. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and solve the technical problems of insufficient wear resistance and working stability of copper wire mother in a high temperature environment. The present invention provides a new type of temperature-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy and its application. By designing the composition and ratio of the copper alloy material and optimizing the preparation process, the wear resistance and stability of the copper alloy in high temperature are improved, thereby increasing the service life of the copper wire mother and meeting the use requirements of friction or electric series forging equipment.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical scheme: a new type of temperature-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy, whose composition and mass percentage are: zinc: 35%-42%, aluminum: 2%-4%, manganese: 4%-7%, nickel: 0.53%-0.64%, silicon-chromium-iron alloy, 4%-7%, and the rest is copper.

[0006] Furthermore, the composition and mass percentage of the silicon-chromium-iron alloy are: Si: 20%-40%, Cr: 20%-40%, Fe: 30%-50%, and the sum of the mass percentages of each element is 100%.

[0007] The present invention uses copper-zinc alloy as a matrix, adds aluminum, manganese, nickel alloy elements and silicon-chromium-iron alloy to form a new type of heat-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy. The functions of each chemical element in the alloy are as follows.

[0008] Aluminum (Al): Aluminum can form a solid solution in the alloy, and by replacing copper or zinc atoms, it enhances the strength and hardness of the alloy, inhibits the formation of copper-zinc phase, and improves the thermal stability and wear resistance of the alloy.

[0009] Manganese (Mn): Manganese can effectively control the precipitation of zinc in the alloy, especially in high temperature environment, it can improve the stability of the alloy and reduce the impact of precipitates on the alloy properties.

[0010] Nickel (Ni): refines alloy grains, improves its corrosion resistance, and slows down the corrosion rate.

[0011] Silicon-Chromium-Iron Alloy: Silicon (Si): The zinc equivalent coefficient of silicon is as high as 10, which will sharply reduce the α zone of copper alloy. When the silicon content increases, a new phase κ of dense hexagonal lattice will appear. This phase has sufficient plasticity at high temperature and decomposes into (α+γ) eutectoid at a certain temperature, thereby improving the strength and hardness of the alloy and enhancing the wear resistance and fatigue resistance of the material; Chromium (Cr): Chromium can form a stable solid solution or precipitation phase in the alloy, improve the hardness, strength and high temperature resistance of the alloy, and form a passivation film with oxygen at high temperature, which helps to improve the corrosion resistance and heat resistance of the alloy. The reason is that: on the one hand, chromium can form Zn-Cr compound with zinc, which helps to improve the strength and corrosion resistance of the alloy; on the other hand, when the addition amount of chromium exceeds its solid solubility limit in the copper alloy, chromium atoms will precipitate in the form of second phase particles and disperse in the matrix. These precipitated chromium particles can play a role of dispersion strengthening, further improving the strength and hardness of the brass alloy; Iron (Fe): Iron helps to refine grains, inhibit grain growth, and improve the mechanical properties of the alloy.

[0012] Furthermore, the composition and mass percentage of the new temperature-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy are: zinc: 38.51%-38.71%, aluminum: 2.64%-2.91%, manganese: 5.42%-5.64%, silicon-chromium-iron alloy: 6.03%-6.28%, nickel: 0.53%-0.64%, copper: 46.89%-47.02%, and the sum of the mass percentages of each element is 100%.

[0013] An application of the novel heat-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy as described above, wherein: the novel heat-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy is used to prepare copper alloy parts that rely on friction to work in a high-temperature environment.

[0014] Furthermore, the copper alloy part is a copper wire mother.

[0015] Furthermore, the preparation process of the copper wire mother comprises the following steps: S1. According to the composition and mass percentage of the new temperature-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy, electrolytic copper plates, electrolytic nickel plates, zinc ingots, aluminum ingots, electrolytic manganese plates and silicon-chromium-iron alloy are weighed as raw materials for later use; S2. According to the design size specifications of the copper wire mother, the corresponding centrifugal casting mold and tooling are selected, and the graphite coating is evenly coated on the inner wall of the centrifugal casting mold cavity, and the coating thickness is 0.5mm~1mm; after the graphite coating is completed, the centrifugal casting mold is baked at a baking temperature of 300℃~350℃ for 2 hours, and finally kept warm at a temperature of 180℃~230℃ for 3 hours, and reserved for use in the next step; S3. Smelting: S3-1. Alloy smelting: First, add the electrolytic copper plate, electrolytic nickel plate and silicon-chromium-iron alloy weighed in step S1 into the medium frequency furnace, power on and smelt until the materials in the furnace are red hot, keep warm for 50-100 minutes, continue to heat up to 1540°C-1560°C, add the refining agent for the first time after the materials in the furnace are completely melted, stir and refine for 3-5 minutes, and cut off the power once to remove the slag; Secondly, after the slagging is completed during a power outage, electrolytic manganese plates and aluminum ingots are added into the furnace, and power is supplied to maintain the temperature and continue smelting; Next, after the raw materials in the medium frequency furnace are completely melted, the temperature is raised to 1420℃~1460℃, and the refining agent is added for the second time. Refining is carried out for 1~2 minutes, and the power is turned off for the second time to remove the slag; Finally, after the alloy liquid in the medium frequency furnace is completely transformed into liquid phase (i.e., completely melted), add the zinc ingot into the alloy liquid. After the zinc ingot is completely melted, add the refining agent three times and stir evenly. Control the furnace temperature to be 1080℃~1200℃. S3-2, refining and degassing: first, the copper alloy liquid is transferred from the medium frequency furnace into the copper ladle, and CuRe15 and CuTi20 are added as grain refiners on the surface of the copper alloy liquid, and the weight of the grain refiners accounts for 0.6% of the weight of the copper alloy liquid. The present invention adopts a microalloying method to refine the grains of the heat-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy on the basis of the design of the chemical composition of the alloy. After the copper alloy is smelted, 0.6% of the grain refiners CuRe15 and CuTi20 (in equal mass ratio) are added to the surface of the copper alloy liquid, and the grain refiners are mixed with the alloy by sufficient stirring. The elements in gold react to form high-melting-point compounds, which act as crystallization cores during casting and solidification, thereby effectively refining the grains and improving the mechanical properties of the alloy. Then, a gas cylinder is connected to the bottom of the copper ladle to blow inert gas (dry N2) into the copper alloy solution. The gas flow rate is adjusted to 10L / min~15L / min, and inert gas is blown into the ladle to remove slag, exhaust and stir. When the temperature of the copper alloy solution drops to 1000℃~1060℃, stop blowing, remove slag and prepare for casting. S3-3. First, start the centrifugal casting equipment and determine the centrifuge speed n according to the design size of the copper wire mother casting: ; Where n is the centrifugal casting mold speed, unit is r / min; G is the gravity coefficient (usually 60-80); r0 is the radius of the inner circle of the copper wire mother casting, unit is cm; Then, after the rotation speed of the centrifugal casting equipment is stabilized, the ladle in the refining furnace of step S3-2 is transferred to the centrifugal casting trolley, and casting is performed according to the principle of "slow first, fast then slow again". The casting process should be smooth and continuous. The copper alloy liquid is completely injected into the centrifugal casting mold cavity. After 5-10 seconds, the cooling spray system is turned on, and the copper alloy liquid is quickly cooled and solidified. The centrifugal casting equipment is shut down after continuous operation for 30-40 minutes to obtain a copper wire mother casting blank; S4, cooling and cleaning: cooling the copper wire mother casting blank prepared in step S3-3 for at least 3 hours, then unpacking and cleaning the batch seams, and finally removing the copper wire mother casting blank from the centrifugal casting mold, and naturally cooling it to room temperature in the air to obtain the copper wire mother casting; S5. Machining: The copper wire mother casting is machined into finished products according to the design size requirements and marked for easy traceability to produce a new type of heat-resistant and wear-resistant copper wire mother.

[0016] Furthermore, in the step S3-2, the mass ratio of CuRe15 to CuTi20 is 1:1.

[0017] Furthermore, the refining agent added for the first and second times is cryolite, and the refining agent added for the third time is DHCT-L.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Significant improvement in wear resistance and strength: By designing the chemical composition ratio of the copper alloy and optimizing the preparation process, the wear resistance and strength of the new copper alloy have been significantly improved, which can meet the use environment with higher requirements. Compared with the traditional material ZHAl66-6-3-2, the service life is increased by 80%. The copper wire mother centrifugally cast using this alloy material can be installed and used normally for more than 20 months; 2. Optimization of production process: The present invention comprehensively optimizes the preparation process of copper wire mother, which not only improves production efficiency, but also further improves the quality stability of the product; 3. Enhanced cost-effectiveness: The present invention reduces the input cost of raw materials through innovative raw material ratios and process optimization. Compared with the traditional material ZHAl66-6-3-2, the production cost is reduced by about 25%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is the microstructure morphology of ZHAl66-6-3-2 copper alloy; Figure 2 The microstructure morphology of the new type of heat-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy prepared in the embodiment; Figure 3This is a mechanical property curve diagram of the new temperature-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy prepared in the example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] In this specific implementation manner, taking the preparation of 630T copper wire mother as an example, the following steps are included: S1. According to the composition and mass percentage of the new temperature-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy, electrolytic copper plates, electrolytic nickel plates, zinc ingots, aluminum ingots, electrolytic manganese plates and silicon-chromium-iron alloy are weighed as raw materials for later use; In this specific embodiment, the raw materials for preparing 630T copper wire mother and their mass percentages are shown in Table 1 below; Table 1 Raw materials and their mass percentages for preparing 630T copper wire mother in this example

[0022] The composition and mass percentage of the silicon-chromium-iron alloy are: Si: 30%, Cr: 30%, Fe (pure iron): 40%.

[0023] S2. According to the design size specifications of 630T copper wire mother, the corresponding centrifugal casting mold and tooling are selected, and a detailed inspection is carried out to ensure that there are no defects such as cracks and rust on the surface of the centrifugal mold. Graphite coating is evenly coated on the inner wall of the centrifugal casting mold cavity, and the coating thickness is 0.5mm~1mm; after the graphite coating is completed, the centrifugal casting mold is placed in a baking kiln for baking, the baking temperature is 300℃~350℃, the baking time is 2 hours, and finally kept warm at a temperature of 180℃~230℃ for 3 hours, and reserved for later use; S3. Smelting: S3-1. Alloy smelting: First, add the electrolytic copper plate, electrolytic nickel plate and silicon-chromium-iron alloy weighed in step S1 into the medium frequency furnace, power on and smelt until the materials in the furnace are red hot, keep warm for 50-100 minutes, continue to heat up to 1540°C-1560°C, and after the materials in the furnace are completely melted, add the refining agent (cryolith) for the first time, stir and refine for 3-5 minutes, and cut off the power once to remove the slag; Secondly, after the slagging is completed during a power outage, electrolytic manganese plates and aluminum ingots are added into the furnace, and power is supplied to maintain the temperature and continue smelting; Next, after the raw materials in the medium frequency furnace are completely melted, the temperature is raised to 1420℃~1460℃, and the refining agent (cryolith) is added for the second time. Refining is carried out for 1~2 minutes, and the power is turned off for the second time to remove the slag; Finally, after the alloy liquid in the medium frequency furnace is completely transformed into liquid phase (i.e., completely melted), add the zinc ingot into the alloy liquid. After the zinc ingot is completely melted, add the refining agent (DHCT-L) three times and stir evenly. Control the furnace temperature to be 1080℃~1200℃. S3-2, refining and degassing: first, the copper alloy liquid is transferred from the medium frequency furnace to the copper ladle, and CuRe15 and CuTi20 are added as grain refiners on the surface of the copper alloy liquid. The weight of the grain refiner accounts for 0.6% of the weight of the copper alloy solution, and the mass ratio of CuRe15 to CuTi20 is 1:1; then, a gas cylinder is connected to the bottom of the copper ladle, and an inert gas (dry N2) is blown into the copper alloy solution. The gas flow rate is adjusted to 10L / min~15L / min, and the inert gas is blown into the ladle for slag removal, exhaust and stirring. When the temperature of the copper alloy solution drops to 1000℃~1060℃, the blowing is stopped, the slag is removed, and casting is prepared; S3-3. First, start the centrifugal casting equipment and determine the centrifuge speed n according to the design size of the copper wire mother casting: ; Where n is the centrifugal casting mold speed, unit is r / min; G is the gravity coefficient (usually 60-80); r0 is the radius of the inner circle of the copper wire mother casting, unit is cm; Then, after the rotation speed of the centrifugal casting equipment is stabilized, the ladle in the refining furnace of step S3-2 is transferred to the centrifugal casting trolley. The casting process should be smooth and continuous. The copper alloy liquid is completely injected into the centrifugal casting mold cavity. After 5-10 seconds, the cooling spray system is turned on. The copper alloy liquid is quickly cooled and solidified. The centrifugal casting equipment is shut down after continuous operation for 30-40 minutes to obtain the copper wire mother casting blank. S4, cooling and cleaning: cooling the copper wire mother casting blank prepared in step S3-3 for at least 3 hours, then unpacking and cleaning the batch seams, and finally removing the copper wire mother casting blank from the centrifugal casting mold, and naturally cooling it to room temperature in the air to obtain the copper wire mother casting; S5. Machining: The copper wire mother casting is machined into finished products according to the design size requirements and marked for easy traceability to produce a new type of heat-resistant and wear-resistant copper wire mother.

[0024] The copper wire mother prepared in this embodiment was tested for performance, and the test results are as follows.

[0025] 1. The chemical composition test results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0026] Table 2 Chemical composition test results of the copper wire mother prepared in this embodiment

[0027] 2. The mechanical properties test results at different temperatures are shown in Table 3 below.

[0028] Table 3 Mechanical properties test results at different temperatures

[0029] The requirements of the press for the mechanical properties of materials are shown in Table 4.

[0030] Table 4 Requirements of press for mechanical properties of materials

[0031] Note: Technical requirements for screw presses are JB / T11869-2014.

[0032] According to the test results in Table 3, under the conditions of room temperature and below 220°C (such as Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the alloy material exhibits excellent mechanical properties, and various performance indicators remain stable, which fully meets the requirements of electric and friction series forging equipment for the mechanical properties of copper wire mother.

[0033] 3. Wear resistance test.

[0034] Grinding head material: 40Cr steel (quenched and tempered, 240-270HB); Use medium: butter: engine oil = 5:1; Wear times: 2000 times; stroke distance: 60mm; load: 24N; cycle speed: 60r / min; Temperature: from room temperature to 320°C.

[0035] The wear resistance test results are shown in Table 5 below.

[0036] Table 5 Wear resistance test results

[0037] It can be seen from Table 5 that by comparing the test results of the wear resistance test, the mass loss of the above two materials is equivalent from room temperature to 140°C. The wear resistance of the copper alloy of ZHAl66-6-3-2 material drops sharply when it exceeds 140°C, and the wear resistance of the copper wire mother prepared by the present invention drops when it exceeds 240°C. Through this comparative test, it can be obtained that the copper alloy material of the present invention has good wear resistance at room temperature and 240°C and below.

[0038] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A new type of heat-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy, characterized by: The composition and mass percentage of the new temperature-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy are: zinc: 35%-42%, aluminum: 2%-4%, manganese: 4%-7%, nickel: 0.4%-0.7%, silicon-chromium-iron alloy: 4%-7%, and the rest is copper.

2. A new type of heat-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composition and mass percentage of the silicon-chromium-iron alloy are: Si: 20%-40%, Cr: 20%-40%, Fe: 30%-50%, and the sum of the mass percentages of each element is 100%.

3. A new type of heat-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composition and mass percentage of the new temperature-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy are: zinc: 38.51%-38.71%, aluminum: 2.64%-2.91%, manganese: 5.42%-5.64%, silicon-chromium-iron alloy: 6.03%-6.28%, Nickel: 0.53%-0.64%, Copper: 46.89%-47.02%, the sum of the mass percentages of each element is 100%.

4. An application of the new temperature-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The new type of heat-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy is used to prepare copper alloy parts that rely on friction to work in high temperature environments.

5. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that: The copper alloy part is a copper wire mother.

6. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preparation process of the copper wire mother comprises the following steps: S1. According to the composition and mass percentage of the new temperature-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy, electrolytic copper plates, electrolytic nickel plates, zinc ingots, aluminum ingots, electrolytic manganese plates and silicon-chromium-iron alloy are weighed as raw materials for later use; S2. According to the design size specifications of the copper wire mother, the corresponding centrifugal casting mold and tooling are selected, and the graphite coating is evenly coated on the inner wall of the centrifugal casting mold cavity, and the coating thickness is 0.5mm~1mm; after the graphite coating is completed, the centrifugal casting mold is baked at a baking temperature of 300℃~350℃ for 2 hours, and finally kept warm at a temperature of 180℃~230℃ for 3 hours, and reserved for use in the next step; S3. Smelting: S3-1. Alloy smelting: First, add the electrolytic copper plate, electrolytic nickel plate and silicon-chromium-iron alloy weighed in step S1 into the medium frequency furnace, power on and smelt until the materials in the furnace are red hot, keep warm for 50-100 minutes, continue to heat up to 1540°C-1560°C, add the refining agent for the first time after the materials in the furnace are completely melted, stir and refine for 3-5 minutes, and cut off the power once to remove the slag; Secondly, after a power outage and slagging, electrolytic manganese plates and aluminum ingots are added into the furnace, and power is supplied to maintain the temperature and continue smelting; Once again, after the raw materials in the medium frequency furnace are completely melted, the temperature is raised to 1420℃~1460℃, and refining agent is added for the second time. Refining is carried out for 1~2 minutes, and the power is turned off for the second time to remove the slag. Finally, after the alloy liquid in the medium frequency furnace is completely transformed into liquid phase, the zinc ingot is added into the alloy liquid. After the zinc ingot is completely melted, the refining agent is added three times and stirred evenly. The furnace temperature is controlled to be 1080℃~1200℃. S3-2, refining and degassing: first, the copper alloy liquid is transferred from the medium frequency furnace to the copper ladle, and CuRe15 and CuTi20 are added as grain refiners on the surface of the copper alloy liquid, and the weight of the grain refiners accounts for 0.6% of the weight of the copper alloy solution; then, a gas cylinder is connected to the bottom of the copper ladle, and an inert gas is blown into the copper alloy solution, and the gas flow rate is adjusted to 10L / min~15L / min. When the temperature of the copper alloy solution drops to 1000℃~1060℃, the blowing is stopped, and the slag is removed to prepare for casting; S3-3. First, start the centrifugal casting equipment and determine the centrifuge speed n according to the design size of the copper wire mother casting: ； Where n is the centrifugal casting mold speed, unit is r / min; G is the gravity coefficient; r0 is the radius of the inner circle of the copper wire mother casting, unit is cm; Then, after the rotation speed of the centrifugal casting equipment is stabilized, the ladle in the refining furnace of step S3-2 is transferred to the centrifugal casting trolley. The casting process should be smooth and continuous. The copper alloy liquid is completely injected into the centrifugal casting mold cavity. After 5-10 seconds, the cooling spray system is turned on. The copper alloy liquid is quickly cooled and solidified. The centrifugal casting equipment is shut down after continuous operation for 30-40 minutes to obtain the copper wire mother casting blank. S4, cooling and cleaning: cooling the copper wire mother casting blank prepared in step S3-3 for at least 3 hours, then unpacking and cleaning the batch seams, and finally removing the copper wire mother casting blank from the centrifugal casting mold, and naturally cooling it to room temperature in the air to obtain the copper wire mother casting; S5. Machining: The copper wire mother casting is machined into finished products according to the design size requirements and marked for easy traceability to produce a new type of heat-resistant and wear-resistant copper wire mother.

7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step S3-2, the mass ratio of CuRe15 to CuTi20 is 1:

1.

8. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that: The refining agent added for the first and second time is cryolite, and the refining agent added for the third time is DHCT-L.

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