Construction method for TBM gripper shoe to penetrate through soft rock and fracture zone through high-strength composite board

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunneling construction, in particular to a construction method for a TBM supporting shoe to penetrate through soft rock and a fracture zone through a high-strength composite board. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out lamination processing and prefabrication molding in advance; judging whether to implement a gripper reinforcement measure or not; the force transmission device is used for lifting the composite board, and the composite board is driven to be close to the bedrock surface, so that the anchor rod enters the reserved hole of the composite board; after the movable part is rotated to fix the anchor rod in the reserved hole in a meshed mode and the stacked composite plates form a whole, connection between the force transmission device and the composite plates is relieved, then the composite plates and the anchor rod are completely fixed through the base plates and the nuts, and the process can be repeated by detaching the base plates and the nuts when the supporting shoes change steps. According to the construction method provided by the invention, the construction cost of the TBM can be reduced on the premise that the construction progress of the TBM is prevented from being influenced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation construction, and in particular to a construction method in which a TBM support shoe adopts a high-strength composite plate to pass through soft rock and a broken zone. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel construction refers to the process of building underground buildings and structures for the passage of vehicles, pedestrians, water, pipelines, etc., or for mining, military engineering, etc., through excavation, support and lining processes beneath the ground of mountains, rivers, straits and cities.

[0003] When TBM encounters soft rock and broken zones during excavation, low surrounding rock strength or collapsed cavities may occur. The surrounding rock cannot withstand the force transmitted by the support shoes, resulting in extrusion of the arch frame and slippage of the support shoes, which damages the completed primary support and causes unsafe factors such as tunnel deformation and even roof collapse. For example, CN114856597A involves a method for safe TBM crossing of broken strata, including: advance prediction and exploration of geology, pre-treatment and reinforcement of surrounding rock, cutterhead escape and continuous excavation, anchor injection and reinforcement of initial support, and other processes. In advance forecasting, geophysical prospecting is combined with drilling, in geophysical prospecting, rock prospecting is combined with water prospecting, and in rock prospecting, active and passive seismic sources are combined; in pre-reinforcement, a small guide tube is used to inject chemical slurry into the hole to seal the heading face, and a large pipe rack is used to reinforce the arch top by deep hole grouting; when the cutter head is rescued, the slag is removed from the cutter head outlet for water-poor and small-scale broken formations, and the slag is removed from the front of the cutter head in water-rich and large-scale broken formations by clearing the slag in front of the cutter head with a small guide hole; in initial support, the steel arch frame, steel bar row and anchor rod are increased to increase the initial support strength, and radial grouting of the surrounding rock and surface spraying of the initial support are used to improve the stiffness.

[0004] The above construction method adopts self-propelled glass fiber small tube chemical grouting reinforcement, a self-propelled drill bit is installed at the end of the first section of the rod, and a hand drill is used to drill a number of overflow holes on the side wall of the first section of the rod; the glass fiber tube is drilled into the loose body of the face by a drilling rig, and grouting material is injected from the glass fiber tube to reinforce the face accumulation body and form a face slurry stop wall. This method consumes a large amount of additional materials and has a high cost. In addition, the formation of the face slurry stop wall also takes time, causing the construction face to stop, occupying normal excavation time, and affecting the TBM construction progress.

[0005] In order to reduce construction costs and avoid affecting the TBM construction progress, a construction method in which TBM support shoes use high-strength composite plates to pass through soft rocks and broken zones is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a construction method for a TBM support shoe to pass through soft rock and broken zone using a high-strength composite plate, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a construction method for TBM support shoes to pass through soft rock and broken zones using high-strength composite plates, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. During TBM construction, the stacking thickness of the composite plate is determined according to the arch frame model and spacing, and the stacking work is carried out outside the tunnel in advance to prefabricate the composite plate;

[0009] S2. After the surrounding rock is shielded, determine whether to implement support shoe reinforcement measures based on the strength and crushing of the surrounding rock;

[0010] S3. Use a force transmission device to lift the composite plate, and drive the composite plate close to the bedrock surface so that the anchor rods enter the reserved holes of the composite plate;

[0011] S4. After the movable parts are rotated to engage and fix the anchor rods in the reserved holes and the stacked composite plates are formed into a whole, the connection between the force transmission device and the composite plates is released, and then the composite plates and anchor rods are completely fixed with pads and nuts. When the support shoes change steps, the pads and nuts are removed and the above process can be repeated.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S2, it is detected whether the strength of the surrounding rock can meet the support shoe reinforcement measures. If the surrounding rock strength is insufficient, the surrounding rock is shaped to leave space for placing the composite plate, and the number of composite plates to be stacked is determined; then, anchor rods are fixed on the surrounding rock according to the positions of the reserved holes of the composite plate.

[0013] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the shaping treatment is to use polypropylene woven cloth to wrap high-strength mortar to manually backfill and repair it according to the crushing and collapse conditions within the coverage area of ​​the support shoe, and fix it with a nail gun.

[0014] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the anchor drilling rig of the TBM machine itself is used to implement special anchor fixing according to the position of the reserved holes in the composite plate, and the depth of the anchor into the rock is determined according to the thickness of the composite plate.

[0015] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the composite plate includes a plate formed by a composite of high-strength carbon fiber cloth and a polycarbonate endurance plate and a bonding structure arranged in the plate, the plate width of the plate matches the size of the arch frame, and the force transmission device includes a lifting device and a guide kit sleeved on the anchor rod, and the guide kit is used to guide the plate to penetrate the anchor rod from bottom to top;

[0016] The plate comprises a stacked body, the reserved hole is formed on the body, the bottom end of the anchor rod passes through the reserved hole and is connected with a pad and a nut, a hook groove is formed on the edge of the body, the lifting rope of the lifting device is connected with the hook groove, and the pad structure shape matches the reserved hole structure shape;

[0017] The combining structure comprises an engaging body and a clamping piece located in the reserved hole, wherein the engaging body is transmission-connected to the clamping piece, the engaging body is used for engaging and fixing the anchor rod, and the clamping piece is used for cooperating with the guide kit to guide the movement of the plate.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the engaging body includes a movable part and a reserved frame plate arranged on the main body in contact with the support shoe, the movable part is rotatably connected to the side wall of the main body, the reserved frame plate is located in the reserved hole, the reserved frame plate is a hollow plate, a frame opening for the anchor rod to pass through is opened on the surface of the reserved frame plate, a pair of engaging plates symmetrically arranged about the center of the frame opening are arranged in the reserved frame plate, a screw shaft is also arranged at the upper and lower ends of the inner edge of the reserved frame plate, one end of the screw shaft passes through the upper end or lower end of the engaging plate, the screw shaft is provided with a different direction thread for driving the two engaging plates to approach or move away from each other, the other end of the screw shaft is meshed with a transmission shaft, and one end of the movable part is meshed with one end of the transmission shaft.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the bite plate is provided with a first connecting plate near one end of the locking member, and the locking member includes a locking tube and a movable plate arranged in the reserved hole of the main body in contact with the bedrock surface, the outer wall of the locking tube is snap-fitted with the inner wall of the reserved hole, a closing cavity for the anchor rod to pass through is provided in the middle of the locking tube, an inner groove is symmetrically provided on the inner wall of the locking tube, a first sliding groove is provided on the inner wall of the inner groove near one end of the reserved frame plate, the movable plate is slidably connected to the first sliding groove, a retractable and movable second connecting plate is connected to one end of the movable plate near the reserved frame plate, the second connecting plate is snap-fitted with the first connecting plate, an inner slide plate is plugged into the other end of the movable plate, a second sliding groove is provided on the end of the inner groove away from the reserved frame plate, and the inner slide plate is slidably connected to the second sliding groove.

[0020] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the first connecting plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the bite plate, and the side wall of the first connecting plate is provided with a plurality of first springs, and the first connecting plate is connected to the inner wall of the bite plate through the provided first springs.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the guide kit includes two half-sleeves, a closing shell is provided at the bottom end of the half-sleeves, and a conical shell for inserting into the closing cavity is provided at the bottom end of the closing shell. The guide kit also includes a limit rod passing through the outer shells of the two half-sleeves, a second spring is provided on the surface of the limit rod, and the limit rod is connected to the inner wall of the half-sleeve through the second spring. The inner slide passes through the inner wall of the locking cylinder, and the inner slide has an inclined surface close to the conical shell.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. In the construction method of the TBM support shoe using a high-strength composite plate to pass through soft rock and broken zones, the movable part drives two bite plates to approach each other to bite and fix the anchor rods. During the movement of the bite plates, the first connecting plate on the bite plates drives the movable plate to slide along the first slide groove through the second connecting plate that is engaged with the bite plate, so that the engagement tube moves toward the reserved frame plate, that is, the body in contact with the bedrock surface moves toward the body in contact with the support shoe, until the two bodies are tightly combined, thereby ensuring the overall strength of the composite plate, ensuring that the surrounding rock can withstand the force applied by the support shoe, and ensuring the normal construction of the TBM.

[0024] 2. In the construction method of the TBM support shoe using a high-strength composite plate to penetrate soft rock and broken zones, when the movable part is rotated to bite and fix the anchor rod, the movable plate will drive the movable plate to move toward the closing cavity, so that the inner slide plate contacts the surface of the conical shell, and the conical shell is squeezed into the closing cavity until the closing shell is no longer in contact with the inner wall of the closing cavity. At this time, under the elastic force of the second spring, the two half sleeves move away from each other and fall off the anchor rod, and the parts can be recycled, thereby repeating the process, which can reduce the construction cost of the TBM without affecting the construction progress of the TBM.

[0025] 3. In the construction method of the TBM support shoe using high-strength composite plates to pass through soft rocks and broken zones, polycarbonate endurance plates are compounded with high-strength fiber cloth to produce plates with high strength and lightness. The plate width and thickness can be set according to the support parameters of the arch frame and the needs of the site. The curvature is bent according to the size of the TBM support shoe. It is factory-produced or composited on site, and can be used in multiple layers. When the TBM construction support shoe changes steps, it can reduce the loss of the plate and reduce the difficulty of disassembling and assembling the plate, thereby reducing the TBM construction cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a plate material of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 The cross-sectional structure of the occlusal body of the present invention is Figure 1 ;

[0032] Figure 7The cross-sectional structure of the occlusal body of the present invention is Figure 2 ;

[0033] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the bite plate of the present invention;

[0034] Fig. 9 The cross-sectional structure of the engaging member of the present invention is Figure 1 ;

[0035] Fig.10 The cross-sectional structure of the engaging member of the present invention is Figure 2 ;

[0036] Fig.11 It is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the guide kit of the present invention.

[0037] The meaning of each number in the figure is:

[0038] 1. Plate; 11. Main body; 111. Reserved hole; 112. Hook groove;

[0039] 2. Combination structure; 21. Engagement body; 211. Movable member; 212. Reserved frame plate; 2121. Engagement plate; 2122. Screw shaft; 2123. Transmission shaft; 2124. First connecting plate; 22. Engagement member; 221. Engagement cylinder; 2211. Closing cavity; 2212. Inner groove; 2213. First slide groove; 2214. Second slide groove; 222. Movable plate; 2221. Second connecting plate; 2222. Inner slide plate;

[0040] 3. Guide kit; 31. Half sleeve; 32. Closing shell; 33. Conical shell; 34. Limit rod;

[0041] 4. Anchor rod;

[0042] 5. Pad;

[0043] 6. Nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0046] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0047] When TBM encounters soft rock and broken zones during excavation, low surrounding rock strength or cavity collapse occurs. The surrounding rock cannot withstand the force transmitted by the support shoe, resulting in arch extrusion and support shoe slippage, causing damage to the completed primary support, and causing unsafe factors such as cave deformation and even roof collapse.

[0048] The on-site method generally uses sealed molds to cast early-strength concrete to improve the stress conditions of the surrounding rock. The problem is that sealing the molds and grouting and waiting for the concrete strength to recover usually takes about 10 hours, causing the construction surface to stop and occupying normal excavation time. This is the biggest obstacle affecting the progress of TBM construction.

[0049] To resolve this issue, see Figure 1 As shown, the purpose of this embodiment is to provide a construction method for TBM support shoes to pass through soft rocks and broken zones using high-strength composite plates, including the following steps:

[0050] S1. During TBM construction, the stacking thickness of the composite panels is determined according to the arch frame model and spacing. Combined with the ambient temperature, the stacking work is carried out outside the tunnel 3-7 days in advance to prefabricate and shape the panels to ensure the efficiency of the in-tunnel assembly construction and the performance of the materials.

[0051] S2. After the surrounding rock shield is formed, it is determined whether to implement support shoe reinforcement measures based on the strength and crushing of the surrounding rock. The specific process is as follows:

[0052] Firstly, check whether the surrounding rock strength can meet the requirements of support shoe reinforcement measures. If the surrounding rock strength is insufficient, reshape the surrounding rock to leave space for the composite panels and determine the number of composite panels to be stacked. The reshaping process is to use polypropylene woven cloth wrapped with high-strength mortar to manually backfill and trim the surface according to the crushing and collapse conditions within the coverage of the support shoe, and then fix it with a nail gun.

[0053] Secondly, if reinforcement measures are required, anchor rods 4 are fixed on the surrounding rock according to the positions of the reserved holes 111 of the composite plate. The anchor drilling rig of the TBM machine is used to fix the special anchor rods 4 according to the positions of the reserved holes 111 of the composite plate. The rock penetration depth of the anchor rods 4 is determined according to the thickness of the composite plate.

[0054] S3, using the force transmission device to lift the composite plate, and drive the composite plate close to the bedrock surface so that the anchor rod 4 enters the reserved hole 111 of the composite plate;

[0055] S4. After rotating the movable part 211 to engage and fix the anchor rod 4 in the reserved hole 111 and make the stacked composite plate form a whole, release the connection between the force transmission device and the composite plate, and then use the pad 5 and the nut 6 to completely fix the composite plate and the anchor rod 4. When the support shoe changes steps, remove the pad 5 and the nut 6 and repeat the above process.

[0056] The above-mentioned composite plate and force transmission device structure are disclosed below:

[0057] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the composite plate includes a plate 1 formed by a composite of high-strength carbon fiber cloth and a polycarbonate endurance plate and a bonding structure 2 arranged in the plate 1. The plate width of the plate 1 matches the size of the arch frame. The force transmission device includes a lifting device and a guide kit 3 sleeved on the anchor rod 4. The guide kit 3 is used to guide the plate 1 to penetrate the anchor rod 4 from bottom to top;

[0058] Polycarbonate endurance sheet has superb mechanical properties, and has the characteristics of high strength, high toughness, high heat resistance and high waterproofness. It is a sheet widely used in the market. Its disadvantage is that the molding size is limited. Its maximum width is 3m, the maximum thickness is 2cm, and the length is unlimited. In this embodiment, special glue for bonding carbon fiber cloth is used for compounding. According to the usage characteristics, high-strength carbon fiber cloth is selected as grade I or grade II. The tensile strength of high-strength grade I carbon fiber cloth is ≥3400MPa, and the tensile strength of high-strength grade II carbon fiber cloth is ≥3000MPa. Its maximum compressive and tensile properties are exerted to produce a plate 1 with high strength and lightness. In addition, in order to adapt to the support parameters of different arch frames, the plate 1 has three widths of 300mm, 750mm, and 1600mm, and two thicknesses of 20mm and 10mm. It can be stacked according to the thickness required on site, and the curvature is bent according to the size of the TBM support shoe. It is factory-produced or composited on site, and can be used in multiple layers. When the TBM construction support shoe changes steps, the loss of the plate 1 can be reduced, and the difficulty of disassembling and assembling the plate 1 can be reduced, thereby reducing the TBM construction cost.

[0059] The plate 1 includes a stacked body 11, a reserved hole 111 is provided on the body 11, the bottom end of the anchor rod 4 passes through the reserved hole 111 and is connected to a backing plate 5 and a nut 6, a hook groove 112 is provided on the edge of the body 11, and a lifting rope of a lifting device is connected to the hook groove 112, and the structural shape of the backing plate 5 matches the structural shape of the reserved hole 111, so that when the anchor rod 4 is fixed, the backing plate 5 can be stuck on the reserved hole 111 without shaking, thereby ensuring the fixing effect of the anchor rod 4;

[0060] The combination structure 2 includes a bite body 21 and a clamping piece 22 located in the reserved hole 111. The bite body 21 is connected to the clamping piece 22 in a transmission manner. The bite body 21 is used to bite and fix the anchor rod 4. The clamping piece 22 is used to cooperate with the guide kit 3 to guide the plate 1 to move. After the lifting rope of the lifting device is fixedly connected to the hook groove 112, the lifting device lifts the body 11 and makes the guide kit 3 cooperate with the clamping piece 22, so that when the lifting device lifts the body 11, the body 11 can penetrate the anchor rod 4 from bottom to top, and then rotate The bite body 21 enables the bite body 21 to bite and fix the anchor rod 4, and when the bite body 21 bites and fixes, it drives the clamping part 22 to tightly combine the multiple main bodies 11 to form a whole, and drives the clamping part 22 to release the connection with the guide kit 3, and finally use the pad 5 to be stuck in the reserved hole 111, and use the nut 6 on the outside of the pad 5 to thread the bottom end of the anchor rod 4 to complete the complete fixation of the composite plate and the anchor rod 4. When the support shoe changes steps, the pad 5 and the nut 6 are removed, and the bite body 21 is reversed to repeat the above process.

[0061] Specifically, after the main body 11 is inserted into the anchor rod 4 from bottom to top, in order to be able to bite and fix the anchor rod 4 to avoid accidental loosening of the main body 11 when the pad 5 and the nut 6 are used for fixing. Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the bite body 21 includes a movable part 211 and a reserved frame plate 212 arranged on the body 11 in contact with the support shoe. The movable part 211 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the body 11. The reserved frame plate 212 is located in the reserved hole 111. The reserved frame plate 212 is a hollow plate. A frame opening for the anchor rod 4 to pass through is opened on the surface of the reserved frame plate 212. A pair of bite plates 2121 symmetrically arranged about the center of the frame opening are arranged in the reserved frame plate 212. A screw shaft 2122 is also arranged at the upper and lower ends of the inner edge of the reserved frame plate 212. One end of the screw shaft 2122 passes through the upper or lower end of the bite plate 2121. The screw shaft 2122 is provided with a screw for The screw shaft 2122 is meshed with a transmission shaft 2123 at the other end of the screw shaft 2122 to drive the two bite plates 2121 to move closer to or away from each other. One end of the movable part 211 passes through the surface of the main body 11 and through the reserved frame plate 212 to mesh with one end of the transmission shaft 2123. By using a wrench or other tool to rotate the movable part 211, the movable part 211 drives the screw shaft 2122 to rotate through the transmission shaft 2123. The screw shaft 2122 then drives the two bite plates 2121 to move closer to each other through the set counter-directional threads, so that the two bite plates 2121 clamp and bite the anchor rod 4, thereby realizing the bite fixation of the anchor rod 4.

[0062] After the anchor rods 4 are fixed by bite, the multiple bodies 11 need to be tightly combined to ensure the overall structural strength of the composite plate. Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10As shown, the bite plate 2121 is provided with a first connecting plate 2124 near one end of the clamping member 22, and the clamping member 22 includes a clamping cylinder 221 and a movable plate 222 arranged in the reserved hole 111 of the body 11 in contact with the bedrock surface. The outer wall of the clamping cylinder 221 is clamped with the inner wall of the reserved hole 111. A closing cavity 2211 for the anchor rod 4 to pass through is provided in the middle of the clamping cylinder 221. The inner wall of the clamping cylinder 221 is symmetrically provided with inner grooves 2212. The inner wall of the inner groove 2212 is provided with a first sliding groove 2213 near one end of the reserved frame plate 212. A cylindrical protrusion is provided on the surface of the movable plate 222. The cylindrical protrusion is located at In the first slide groove 2213, the movable plate 222 is slidably connected to the first slide groove 2213 through the cylindrical protrusion, and the movable plate 222 is connected to a retractable and movable second connecting plate 2221 at one end close to the reserved frame plate 212, and the second connecting plate 2221 is snap-fitted with the first connecting plate 2124. The other end of the movable plate 222 is plugged with an inner slide plate 2222, and the inner groove 2212 is provided with a second slide groove 2214 at one end away from the reserved frame plate 212. The inner slide plate 2222 is located in the second slide groove 2214 and is slidably connected to the second slide groove 2214. When the movable part 211 is rotated, the movable The component 211 will drive the two bite plates 2121 to approach each other to bite and fix the anchor rod 4. During the movement of the bite plate 2121, the first connecting plate 2124 on the bite plate 2121 will drive the movable plate 222 to slide along the first slide groove 2213 through the second connecting plate 2221 that is engaged with the bite plate, so that the engagement tube 221 moves toward the reserved frame plate 212, that is, the main body 11 in contact with the bedrock surface moves toward the main body 11 in contact with the support shoe, until the two main bodies 11 are tightly combined, thereby ensuring the overall strength of the composite plate. It is worth noting that when the diameter of the anchor rod 4 is small, it will cause the two main bodies to When the two bodies 11 are tightly fitted, the bite plate 2121 still does not contact the anchor rod 4, which affects the bite and fixation effect of the anchor rod 4. Therefore, the first connecting plate 2124 is slidingly connected to the inner wall of the bite plate 2121, and the side wall of the first connecting plate 2124 is provided with multiple first springs. The first connecting plate 2124 is connected to the inner wall of the bite plate 2121 through the set first springs. By setting the sliding connection and the first spring, when the diameter of the anchor rod 4 is small and the two bodies 11 are already tightly combined, the bite plate 2121 can still continue to move until the bite plate 2121 bites and fixes the anchor rod 4.

[0063] After the anchor rod 4 is fixed and the two bodies 11 are tightly structured to form a whole, the connection of the force transmission device needs to be released so that the composite plate and the anchor rod 4 can be completely fixed by the pad 5 and the nut 6. Fig.10 , Fig.11The guide kit 3 includes two half sleeves 31, the bottom end of the half sleeve 31 is provided with a closing shell 32, and the bottom end of the closing shell 32 is provided with a conical shell 33 for inserting into the closing cavity 2211. The guide kit 3 also includes a limiting rod 34 passing through the outer shells of the two half sleeves 31, and a second spring is provided on the surface of the limiting rod 34. The limiting rod 34 is connected to the inner wall of the half sleeve 31 through the set second spring. The inner slide plate 2222 passes through the inner wall of the locking cylinder 221, and the inner slide plate 2222 is an inclined surface close to the conical shell 33. After the two half sleeves 31 overcome the elastic force of the second spring and are sleeved on the anchor rod 4, the bottom end of the conical shell 33 is inserted into the closing cavity 2211 until the outer wall of the closing shell 32 contacts the inner wall of the closing cavity 2211. At this time, under the limiting effect of the inner wall of the closing cavity 2211, the two half sleeves 31 will not be separated due to the elastic force of the second spring, and are sleeved. The half sleeve 31 on the anchor rod 4 can guide the locking part 22, that is, the main body 11 to move along the anchor rod 4, so as to facilitate the composite plate to penetrate the anchor rod 4 from bottom to top. When the movable part 211 is rotated to bite and fix the anchor rod 4, the movable plate 222 will drive the movable plate 222 to move toward the closing cavity 2211, so that the inner slide plate 2222 contacts the surface of the conical shell 33. Since the surface of the conical shell 33 and the contact surface of the inner slide plate 2222 are both inclined surfaces, the inner slide plate 2222 will squeeze the conical shell 33 into the closing cavity 2211 until the closing shell 32 is no longer in contact with the inner wall of the closing cavity 2211. At this time, under the elastic force of the second spring, the two half sleeves 31 move away from each other and fall off the anchor rod 4, so as to facilitate the collection of the guide kit 3, and at the same time facilitate the complete fixation of the composite plate and the anchor rod 4 through the pad 5 and the nut 6.

[0064] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A construction method for TBM support shoes to pass through soft rock and broken zones using high-strength composite plates, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. During TBM construction, the stacking thickness of the composite plate is determined according to the arch frame model and spacing, and the stacking work is carried out outside the tunnel in advance to prefabricate the composite plate; S2. After the surrounding rock is shielded, determine whether to implement support shoe reinforcement measures based on the strength and crushing of the surrounding rock; S3, using a force transmission device to lift the composite plate, and driving the composite plate close to the bedrock surface so that the anchor rod (4) enters the reserved hole (111) of the composite plate; S4. After the movable part (211) is rotated to engage and fix the anchor rod (4) in the reserved hole (111) and the stacked composite plate is formed into a whole, the connection between the force transmission device and the composite plate is released, and the composite plate and the anchor rod (4) are completely fixed with the pad (5) and the nut (6). When the support shoe changes steps, the pad (5) and the nut (6) are removed and the above process can be repeated.

2. The construction method of using a high-strength composite plate to penetrate soft rock and broken zones by using a TBM gripper according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S2, it is detected whether the surrounding rock strength can meet the support shoe reinforcement measures. If the surrounding rock strength is insufficient, the surrounding rock is shaped to leave space for placing the composite plate, and the number of composite plates to be stacked is determined; then, anchor rods (4) are fixed on the surrounding rock according to the positions of the reserved holes (111) of the composite plate.

3. The construction method of using a high-strength composite plate to penetrate soft rock and broken zones by using a TBM gripper according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The shaping treatment is to use polypropylene woven cloth wrapped with high-strength mortar to manually backfill and repair the broken and collapsed areas within the coverage of the support boots, and fix them with a nail gun.

4. The construction method of using a high-strength composite plate to penetrate soft rock and broken zones by using a TBM gripper according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The anchor drill of the TBM machine itself is used to implement special anchor rods (4) for fixing according to the positions of the reserved holes (111) of the composite plate, and the rock penetration depth of the anchor rods (4) is determined according to the thickness of the composite plate.

5. The construction method of TBM grippers using high-strength composite plates to pass through soft rocks and broken zones according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The composite plate comprises a plate (1) formed by combining high-strength carbon fiber cloth and polycarbonate endurance plate, and a bonding structure (2) arranged in the plate (1); the plate width of the plate (1) matches the size of the arch frame; the force transmission device comprises a lifting device and a guide kit (3) sleeved on the anchor rod (4); the guide kit (3) is used to guide the plate (1) to penetrate the anchor rod (4) from bottom to top; The plate (1) comprises a stacked body (11), the body (11) is provided with the reserved hole (111), the bottom end of the anchor rod (4) passes through the reserved hole (111) and is connected to a backing plate (5) and a nut (6), the edge of the body (11) is provided with a hook groove (112), the lifting rope of the lifting device is connected to the hook groove (112), and the structural shape of the backing plate (5) matches the structural shape of the reserved hole (111); The combining structure (2) comprises an engaging body (21) and a snap-fitting piece (22) located in the reserved hole (111); the engaging body (21) is transmission-connected to the snap-fitting piece (22); the engaging body (21) is used for engaging and fixing the anchor rod (4); and the snap-fitting piece (22) is used for cooperating with the guide kit (3) to guide the movement of the plate (1).

6. The construction method of using a high-strength composite plate to penetrate soft rock and broken zones by using a TBM gripper according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The occlusal body (21) comprises a movable part (211) arranged on the body (11) in contact with the support shoe, and a reserved frame plate (212); the movable part (211) is rotatably connected to the side wall of the body (11); the reserved frame plate (212) is located in the reserved hole (111); the reserved frame plate (212) is a hollow plate; a frame opening for the anchor rod (4) to pass through is opened on the surface of the reserved frame plate (212); a pair of symmetrically arranged frames are provided in the reserved frame plate (212) about the center of the frame opening. The reserved frame plate (2121) is provided with a screw shaft (2122) at the upper and lower ends of the inner edge of the reserved frame plate (212); one end of the screw shaft (2122) passes through the upper end or the lower end of the bite plate (2121); the screw shaft (2122) is provided with a different direction thread for driving the two bite plates (2121) to move closer to each other or away from each other; the other end of the screw shaft (2122) is meshed with a transmission shaft (2123); one end of the movable member (211) is meshed with one end of the transmission shaft (2123).

7. The construction method of using a high-strength composite plate to penetrate soft rock and broken zone by a TBM gripper according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The bite plate (2121) is provided with a first connecting plate (2124) near one end of the engaging member (22); the engaging member (22) comprises a engaging cylinder (221) and a movable plate (222) arranged in the reserved hole (111) of the body (11) in contact with the bedrock surface; the outer wall of the engaging cylinder (221) is engaged with the inner wall of the reserved hole (111); a closing cavity (2211) for the anchor rod (4) to pass through is provided in the middle of the engaging cylinder (221); inner grooves (2212) are symmetrically provided on the inner wall of the engaging cylinder (221); the inner grooves (2212) are provided near one end of the reserved frame plate (212); The inner wall is provided with a first slide groove (2213), the movable plate (222) is slidably connected to the first slide groove (2213), the movable plate (222) is connected with a retractable and movable second connecting plate (2221) at one end close to the reserved frame plate (212), the second connecting plate (2221) is snap-fitted with the first connecting plate (2124), the other end of the movable plate (222) is plug-fitted with an inner slide plate (2222), the inner groove (2212) is provided with a second slide groove (2214) at one end away from the reserved frame plate (212), and the inner slide plate (2222) is slidably connected to the second slide groove (2214).

8. The construction method of using a high-strength composite plate to penetrate soft rock and broken zones by using a TBM gripper according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The first connecting plate (2124) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the bite plate (2121), and a plurality of first springs are provided on the side wall of the first connecting plate (2124), and the first connecting plate (2124) is connected to the inner wall of the bite plate (2121) through the provided first springs.

9. The construction method of using a high-strength composite plate to penetrate soft rock and broken zones by using a TBM gripper according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The guide kit (3) comprises two half sleeves (31), a closing shell (32) is provided at the bottom end of the half sleeve (31), and a conical shell (33) for inserting into the closing cavity (2211) is provided at the bottom end of the closing shell (32). The guide kit (3) also comprises a limiting rod (34) passing through the outer shells of the two half sleeves (31), a second spring is provided on the surface of the limiting rod (34), and the limiting rod (34) is connected to the inner wall of the half sleeve (31) through the second spring. The inner slide plate (2222) passes through the inner wall of the locking cylinder (221), and the inner slide plate (2222) is inclined on a side close to the conical shell (33).

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