Hydrogen pressure reducing valve

Abstract

The application discloses a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, which comprises a shell, an upper pressure reducing assembly, a lower pressure reducing assembly and a valve rod, wherein the upper pressure reducing assembly and the lower pressure reducing assembly are arranged in the shell, and the meandering pressure reducing gaps on the upper pressure reducing assembly and the lower pressure reducing assembly gradually decrease along the airflow direction; the valve rod is in sealing cooperation with a valve core taper hole in the shell. The meandering pressure reducing gaps with gradually decreasing gaps are adopted to effectively reduce the high-pressure hydrogen, and the hydrogen flows through multiple layers of expansion pressure reducing cavities to be reduced layer by layer, so that the accurate control of the hydrogen outlet pressure can be realized; and the pressure of the upper valve core opening adjusting cavity and the lower valve core opening adjusting cavity can be used to dynamically adjust the position of the valve rod in real time, so that the opening sizes of the upper valve core taper hole and the lower valve core taper hole are controlled, the dynamic balance pressure reducing mode of the valve body is maintained, and the stable pressure output of the hydrogen is effectively ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pressure reducing valve technology, and more specifically to a hydrogen pressure reducing valve. Background Technology

[0002] The hydrogen energy industry chain is a complex system that encompasses everything from hydrogen production, through storage, transportation, and refueling, to hydrogen supply and final applications (fuel cells, hydrogen internal combustion engines, etc.). Given the unique physical properties of hydrogen, valves, as key components, are responsible not only for opening and closing pipelines containing gaseous or liquid hydrogen, but also for controlling flow direction, adjusting and managing transport parameters; their importance is self-evident.

[0003] Currently, commonly used hydrogen pressure reducing valves on the market struggle to accurately reduce pressure to the range of 0.5 to 1 MPa and maintain stable output pressure when dealing with high-pressure hydrogen (especially 70 MPa). Furthermore, the valve stem is directly mounted within the cavity for adjustment in these valves, lacking a necessary balancing mechanism and independent adjustment structure. This results in unbalanced local pressure on the valve stem, affecting stability during adjustment. Technological innovation is urgently needed to overcome this challenge.

[0004] Therefore, how to optimize the structural design of pressure reducing valves to achieve efficient pressure reduction while ensuring stable outlet pressure output has become an urgent problem for researchers in the field of hydrogen energy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a hydrogen pressure reducing valve to achieve efficient pressure reduction while ensuring stable output of outlet pressure.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A hydrogen pressure reducing valve, comprising:

[0008] The housing has an air inlet at the top and an air outlet at the bottom. Inside the housing are a first partition, a second partition, and a third partition arranged vertically at intervals. The space between the first partition and the top plate of the housing forms a first expansion and pressure reduction chamber; the space between the first partition and the second partition forms a second expansion and pressure reduction chamber; the space between the second partition and the third partition forms a third expansion and pressure reduction chamber; and the space between the third partition and the bottom plate of the housing forms a fourth expansion and pressure reduction chamber. The fourth expansion and pressure reduction chamber communicates with the air outlet. The second expansion and pressure reduction chamber is provided with an upper valve core opening adjustment cylinder, the internal space of which is the upper valve core opening adjustment chamber. The fourth expansion and pressure reduction chamber is provided with a lower valve core opening adjustment cylinder, the internal space of which is the lower valve core opening adjustment chamber. The lower valve core opening adjustment chamber and the fourth expansion and pressure reduction chamber are connected through an air outlet on the lower valve core opening adjustment cylinder. The first partition plate is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole. The second partition plate is provided with an upper valve core conical hole and a third through hole. The third partition plate is provided with a lower valve core conical hole.

[0009] An upper pressure reducing assembly is disposed within the first expansion pressure reducing chamber. The upper pressure reducing assembly divides the first expansion pressure reducing chamber into a first pressure reducing inner chamber and a first pressure reducing outer chamber. The first pressure reducing inner chamber is connected to the air inlet. The first pressure reducing inner chamber and the first pressure reducing outer chamber are connected through a first tortuous pressure reducing gap inside the upper pressure reducing assembly. The size of the first tortuous pressure reducing gap gradually decreases from the first pressure reducing inner chamber to the first pressure reducing outer chamber. The first pressure reducing inner chamber is connected to the upper valve core opening adjustment chamber through a first through hole. The first pressure reducing outer chamber is connected to the second expansion pressure reducing chamber through a second through hole.

[0010] The lower pressure reducing assembly is disposed within the third expansion pressure reducing chamber. The lower pressure reducing assembly divides the third expansion pressure reducing chamber into a second pressure reducing inner chamber and a second pressure reducing outer chamber. The second pressure reducing inner chamber is connected to the upper valve core opening adjustment chamber through the upper valve core conical hole. The second pressure reducing inner chamber is connected to the second pressure reducing outer chamber through a second tortuous pressure reducing gap inside the lower pressure reducing assembly. The gap size of the second tortuous pressure reducing gap gradually increases from the second pressure reducing inner chamber to the second pressure reducing outer chamber. The second pressure reducing outer chamber is connected to the second expansion pressure reducing chamber through the third through hole. The second pressure reducing inner chamber is connected to the lower valve core opening adjustment chamber through the lower valve core conical hole.

[0011] The valve core rod has its two ends located in the upper valve core opening adjustment cavity and the lower valve core opening adjustment cavity, respectively. The upper valve core cone and the lower valve core cone on the valve core rod move up and down in the upper valve core cone hole and the lower valve core cone hole, respectively, to control the opening and closing of the upper valve core cone hole and the lower valve core cone hole.

[0012] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a hydrogen pressure reducing valve. During operation, high-pressure hydrogen enters the first pressure reducing inner cavity through the inlet and splits into two paths. One path of high-pressure hydrogen passes through the first tortuous pressure reducing gap. Because the first tortuous pressure reducing gap gradually decreases from the first pressure reducing inner cavity to the first pressure reducing outer cavity, the gas flow rate increases due to the sudden decrease in flow area and the viscous resistance of the gas fluid, while the gas pressure decreases accordingly. Therefore, the high-pressure hydrogen enters the first pressure reducing outer cavity through the first tortuous pressure reducing gap, and its pressure decreases. The depressurized gas then enters the second expansion pressure reducing cavity through the second through-hole. Because the second expansion pressure reducing cavity has a larger volume, the pressure of the hydrogen entering the second expansion pressure reducing cavity is further reduced. The depressurized hydrogen then enters the second pressure reducing outer cavity of the third expansion pressure reducing cavity through the third through-hole. Furthermore, because the second pressure reducing outer cavity has a larger volume, the hydrogen pressure is further reduced. The depressurized hydrogen gas flows through the second tortuous depressurization gap. Because the gap in the second tortuous depressurization gradually increases from the inner cavity to the outer cavity, the gas velocity increases due to the sudden decrease in flow area and the viscous resistance of the gas fluid, while the gas pressure decreases accordingly. Therefore, the depressurized hydrogen gas enters the inner cavity of the second depressurization chamber through the second tortuous depressurization gap, where its pressure decreases again. The depressurized hydrogen gas then enters the lower valve core opening adjustment chamber through the lower valve core cone hole, and finally enters the fourth expansion depressurization chamber through the outlet hole, where it is depressurized again before being discharged from the housing through the outlet. Another path of high-pressure hydrogen gas in the first depressurization chamber enters the upper valve core opening adjustment chamber through the first through hole, flows into the second depressurization chamber through the gap between the upper valve core cone and the upper valve core cone hole, enters the lower valve core opening adjustment chamber through the gap between the lower valve core cone and the lower valve core cone hole, and finally enters the fourth expansion depressurization chamber through the outlet hole, where it is depressurized again before being discharged from the housing through the outlet.Furthermore, during the decompression process, the valve core rod moves up and down based on the gas pressure in the upper and lower valve core opening adjustment chambers, thereby adjusting the gaps between the upper valve core conical orifice and the upper valve core conical platform, as well as the gaps between the lower valve core conical orifice and the lower valve core conical platform. This achieves stable outlet pressure regulation. Specifically, when the pressures in the upper and lower valve core opening adjustment chambers are nearly equal, and the gaps between the upper valve core conical platform and the upper valve core orifice are equal to the gaps between the lower valve core conical platform and the lower valve core orifice, the gas enters the corresponding expansion and decompression chambers through both the upper and lower valve core conical orifices for decompression. When the pressure in the upper valve core opening adjustment chamber is higher than that in the lower valve core opening adjustment chamber... When the pressure in the valve core opening adjustment chamber is lowered, the valve core rod moves downward. At this time, the gap between the upper valve core cone and the upper valve core cone hole gradually narrows until it closes, blocking the gas in the upper valve core opening adjustment chamber from entering the second pressure reducing chamber. The gap between the lower valve core cone and the lower valve core cone hole gradually widens to its maximum, allowing more gas to enter the lower valve core opening adjustment chamber through the lower valve core cone hole. When the pressure in the upper valve core opening adjustment chamber is lower than the pressure in the lower valve core opening adjustment chamber, the valve core rod moves upward. At this time, the gap between the upper valve core cone and the upper valve core cone hole gradually widens to its maximum, and the gap between the lower valve core cone and the lower valve core cone hole gradually narrows until it closes.

[0013] Therefore, this invention employs a first and second tortuous pressure-reducing slit with gradually decreasing gaps to effectively reduce the pressure of high-pressure hydrogen. The hydrogen then flows through multiple expansion and pressure-reducing chambers, with each chamber reducing pressure layer by layer. This allows for precise control of the hydrogen outlet pressure. Furthermore, the valve core rod's position can be dynamically adjusted in real time by regulating the pressure in the upper and lower valve core opening adjustment chambers. This, in turn, controls the opening of the upper and lower valve core conical holes, maintaining a dynamic balance pressure reduction mode for the valve body, thereby effectively ensuring a stable hydrogen pressure output.

[0014] Furthermore, the upper pressure-reducing assembly includes multiple stacked upper pressure-reducing corrugated plates, the corrugation gap between two adjacent upper pressure-reducing corrugated plates is the first tortuous pressure-reducing gap, and each upper pressure-reducing corrugated plate is provided with a fourth through hole communicating with the first pressure-reducing inner cavity. The lower pressure-reducing assembly includes multiple stacked lower pressure-reducing corrugated plates, the corrugation gap between two adjacent lower pressure-reducing corrugated plates is the second tortuous pressure-reducing gap, and each lower pressure-reducing corrugated plate is provided with a fifth through hole communicating with the second pressure-reducing inner cavity. The valve core rod passes through the fifth through hole.

[0015] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: Hydrogen gas is simultaneously depressurized through multiple layers of first and second tortuous depressurization gaps, greatly improving the hydrogen depressurization effect. Furthermore, the fourth through-hole facilitates the sequential downward transfer of gas in the first expansion depressurization chamber via the stacked upper depressurization pleated plates into the upper valve core opening adjustment chamber, and the fifth through-hole facilitates the sequential downward transfer of gas in the second expansion depressurization chamber via the stacked lower depressurization pleated plates into the lower valve core opening adjustment chamber, thus achieving multi-path depressurization of hydrogen gas.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a plurality of first upper partitions disposed in the first expansion and decompression chamber, and a plurality of first lower partitions disposed in the third expansion and decompression chamber;

[0017] The first upper partition is provided between the upper pressure relief corrugated plate at the top layer and the top plate of the shell, between the upper pressure relief corrugated plate at the bottom layer and the first partition, and between two adjacent upper pressure relief corrugated plates. The multiple first upper partitions divide the upper pressure relief corrugated plate into multiple upper pressure relief fan-shaped corrugated single plates. The multiple first upper partitions divide the first pressure relief inner cavity into multiple upper pressure relief inner sub-cavities. The multiple upper pressure relief inner sub-cavities are all connected to the air inlet.

[0018] The first lower partition is provided between the lower decompression pleated plate at the top layer and the second partition, between the lower decompression pleated plate at the bottom layer and the third partition, and between two adjacent lower decompression pleated plates. The multiple first lower partitions divide the lower decompression pleated plate into multiple lower decompression fan-shaped pleated single plates, and the multiple first lower partitions divide the second decompression inner cavity into multiple lower decompression inner sub-cavities.

[0019] The upper valve core opening adjustment chamber is divided into multiple upper valve core opening adjustment sub-chambers by multiple second upper partitions. Multiple upper pressure-reducing inner sub-chambers are respectively connected to their respective upper valve core opening adjustment sub-chambers through corresponding first through holes. Multiple lower pressure-reducing inner sub-chambers are respectively connected to their respective upper valve core opening adjustment sub-chambers through corresponding upper valve core conical holes. The lower valve core opening adjustment chamber is divided into multiple lower valve core opening adjustment sub-chambers by multiple second lower partitions. Multiple lower valve core opening adjustment sub-chambers are respectively connected to their respective lower pressure-reducing inner sub-chambers through corresponding lower valve core conical holes. There are multiple valve core rods, with each valve core rod having its two ends located within the upper valve core opening adjustment sub-chamber and the lower valve core opening adjustment sub-chamber, respectively.

[0020] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: the present invention adopts a structure with multiple independent regions that do not interfere with each other. Each region operates independently during the decompression and stabilization process without interfering with each other. This unique design has a very significant effect on the decompression and stabilization of high-pressure hydrogen.

[0021] Furthermore, each of the upper valve core opening adjustment sub-cavities is fixed with an expansion and pressure reducing cylinder on its upper cavity wall. The internal space of the expansion and pressure reducing cylinder is a fifth expansion and pressure reducing cavity. The fifth expansion and pressure reducing cavity is connected to the upper pressure reducing sub-cavity through a first through hole. The cylinder wall of the expansion and pressure reducing cylinder is provided with a seventh through hole for connecting the fifth expansion and pressure reducing cavity and the upper valve core opening adjustment sub-cavity. The upper end of the valve core rod is located in the fifth expansion and pressure reducing cavity.

[0022] Each of the lower valve core opening adjustment sub-cavities has a guide cylinder fixed on its lower cavity wall, and the lower end of the valve core rod is inserted into the guide cylinder.

[0023] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: the setting of the expansion and pressure reducing cylinder and the guide cylinder can accurately guide the up and down movement adjustment of the valve core rod, ensuring that the valve core rod will not deviate or move, thereby ensuring that the upper valve core cone and the lower valve core cone are precisely conically sealed with the upper valve core cone hole and the lower valve core cone hole, respectively. Moreover, the gas in the upper pressure reducing inner cavity can be depressurized again after entering the fifth expansion and pressure reducing cavity through the first through hole.

[0024] Furthermore, the valve core rod located in the lower pressure reducing inner cavity has multiple flow pressure reducing channels arranged circumferentially inside. Two adjacent flow pressure reducing channels are arranged alternately. Each flow pressure reducing channel is provided with a pressure reducing inlet hole and a pressure reducing outlet hole. The pressure reducing inlet hole is connected to the adjacent alternately arranged pressure reducing outlet hole. The multiple flow pressure reducing channels located on the same radial section of the valve core rod form a three-inlet and three-outlet pressure reducing structure.

[0025] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: Hydrogen gas located in the lower pressure reducing chamber enters the three inlet counter-current angle channels as it flows through the intricate flow channels on the valve core rod, achieving counter-current pressure reduction of the high-pressure hydrogen. The reduced-pressure hydrogen then exits from the three outlets at these angles. This process repeats until the hydrogen reaches the lower valve core cone orifice. Therefore, the high-pressure hydrogen flows through the three-inlet, three-outlet pressure reducing structure on the valve core rod, forced to continuously change its flow direction and flow cross-section, achieving a dual pressure reduction mechanism of throttling and counter-current effects. This significantly improves the pressure reduction effect, stabilizes the outlet pressure, and achieves a high-precision pressure stabilization target. Secondly, in high-pressure hydrogen pressure reducing valves, when the pressure difference between the two ends of the fluid is large, the velocity and pressure changes generated by the fluid passing through the pressure reducing valve will cause noise. By adopting a multi-stage pressure reducing pleated plate and a counter-current valve core rod structure, the flow channel can be made more uniform, reducing turbulence dissipation and noise generation.

[0026] Furthermore, it also includes an upper return spring and a lower return spring sleeved on the upper and lower parts of the valve core rod, respectively. The two ends of the upper return spring abut against the large end face of the upper valve core cone and the lower cylinder edge of the expansion and pressure reducing cylinder, respectively. The two ends of the lower return spring abut against the large end face of the lower valve core cone and the upper cylinder edge of the guide cylinder, respectively.

[0027] The beneficial effect of adopting the above technical solution is that when there is no gas flow, the upper and lower return springs can reset the valve core rod to facilitate the next pressure reduction operation.

[0028] Furthermore, it also includes a valve core opening adjustment assembly, which includes:

[0029] An adjusting cylinder, the upper opening of which is fixed to the bottom end face of the base plate, and the lower end of the valve core rod extends through the base plate into the adjusting cylinder;

[0030] An adjusting push rod is screwed onto the lower opening of the adjusting cylinder. A push plate is fixed to the upper end of the adjusting push rod, and the lower ends of the plurality of valve core rods abut against the top surface of the push plate.

[0031] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are: by conveniently rotating the adjusting push rod, the opening of the counter-flush valve core rod can be easily adjusted, thereby achieving precise control of the hydrogen flow and pressure after the valve. This design enhances the flexibility and operability of the system and meets the needs under different working conditions.

[0032] Furthermore, it also includes multiple balance springs, each of which is sleeved on a corresponding valve core rod, with both ends of the balance springs abutting against the top surface of the push plate and the bottom surface of the base plate, respectively.

[0033] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are: the balance spring can ensure that the push plate is in a horizontal and stable state and will not tilt, so that the top surface of the push plate can always be in stable contact with the lower end of multiple valve core rods, and realize the synchronous adjustment of the opening of multiple valve core cone holes.

[0034] Furthermore, the top plate, the first partition, the second partition, and the third partition are all screwed to the housing.

[0035] The beneficial effect of adopting the above technical solution is that it facilitates the disassembly and assembly of parts. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a front view cross-sectional schematic diagram of a hydrogen pressure reducing valve provided by the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the longitudinal cross-section three-dimensional structure.

[0039] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A top-view structural diagram.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the upper pressure reduction assembly.

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pressure-reducing fan-shaped pleated veneer.

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fan-shaped corrugated veneer with reduced pressure.

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the counter-flush valve stem.

[0044] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the cross-section AA.

[0045] Figure 9 A cross-sectional schematic diagram showing multiple flow pressure reducing channels located on the same radial section of the valve core rod forming a three-inlet, three-outlet pressure reducing structure.

[0046] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the flow direction of gas as it passes through the pressure reducing valve.

[0047] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the situation where the pressures in the upper valve core opening adjustment chamber and the lower valve core opening adjustment chamber are nearly equal, and the gap between the upper valve core cone and the upper valve core hole is equal to the gap between the lower valve core cone and the lower valve core hole.

[0048] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the downward movement of the valve core rod when the pressure in the upper valve core opening adjustment chamber is higher than the pressure in the lower valve core opening adjustment chamber.

[0049] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the upward movement of the valve core rod when the pressure in the upper valve core opening adjustment chamber is lower than the pressure in the lower valve core opening adjustment chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] like Figures 1-13 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, comprising:

[0052] The housing 1 has an air inlet 101 at its top and an air outlet 102 at its bottom. Inside the housing 1 are a first partition 2, a second partition 3, and a third partition 4 arranged vertically at intervals. The space between the first partition 2 and the top plate 107 of the housing 1 is a first expansion and pressure reduction chamber 103; the space between the first partition 2 and the second partition 3 is a second expansion and pressure reduction chamber 104; the space between the second partition 3 and the third partition 4 is a third expansion and pressure reduction chamber 105; and the space between the third partition 4 and the bottom plate 108 of the housing 1 is a fourth expansion and pressure reduction chamber 106. The fourth expansion and pressure reduction chamber 106 communicates with the air outlet 102. The pressure chamber 104 is provided with an upper valve core opening adjustment cylinder 5, and the internal space of the upper valve core opening adjustment cylinder 5 is an upper valve core opening adjustment cavity 501. The fourth expansion and pressure reduction chamber 106 is provided with a lower valve core opening adjustment cylinder 6, and the internal space of the lower valve core opening adjustment cylinder 6 is a lower valve core opening adjustment cavity 601. The lower valve core opening adjustment cavity 601 and the fourth expansion and pressure reduction chamber 106 are connected through the air outlet 602 on the lower valve core opening adjustment cylinder 6. The first partition 2 is provided with a first through hole 201 and a second through hole 202. The second partition 3 is provided with an upper valve core cone hole 301 and a third through hole 302. The third partition 4 is provided with a lower valve core cone hole 401.

[0053] The upper pressure reducing assembly 7 is disposed within the first expansion pressure reducing chamber 103, dividing the first expansion pressure reducing chamber 103 into a first pressure reducing inner chamber 1031 and a first pressure reducing outer chamber 1032. The first pressure reducing inner chamber 1031 is connected to the air inlet 101, and the first pressure reducing inner chamber 1031 and the first pressure reducing outer chamber 1032 are connected through a first tortuous pressure reducing gap 711 inside the upper pressure reducing assembly 7. The size of the gap of the first tortuous pressure reducing gap 711 gradually decreases from the first pressure reducing inner chamber 1031 to the first pressure reducing outer chamber 1032. The first pressure reducing inner chamber 1031 is connected to the upper valve core opening adjustment chamber 501 through a first through hole 201. The first pressure reducing outer chamber 1032 is connected to the second expansion pressure reducing chamber 104 through a second through hole 202.

[0054] The lower pressure reducing assembly 8 is disposed within the third expansion pressure reducing chamber 105. The lower pressure reducing assembly 8 divides the third expansion pressure reducing chamber 105 into a second pressure reducing inner chamber 1051 and a second pressure reducing outer chamber 1052. The second pressure reducing inner chamber 1051 is connected to the upper valve core opening adjustment chamber 501 through the upper valve core cone hole 301. The second pressure reducing inner chamber 1051 and the second pressure reducing outer chamber 1052 are connected through a second tortuous pressure reducing gap 811 inside the lower pressure reducing assembly 8. The gap size of the second tortuous pressure reducing gap 811 gradually increases from the second pressure reducing inner chamber 1051 to the second pressure reducing outer chamber 1052. The second pressure reducing outer chamber 1052 is connected to the second expansion pressure reducing chamber 104 through a third through hole 302. The second pressure reducing inner chamber 1051 is connected to the lower valve core opening adjustment chamber 601 through the lower valve core cone hole 401.

[0055] The valve core rod 9 has its two ends located in the upper valve core opening adjustment chamber 501 and the lower valve core opening adjustment chamber 601, respectively. The upper valve core cone 91 and the lower valve core cone 92 on the valve core rod 9 move up and down in the upper valve core cone hole 301 and the lower valve core cone hole 401, respectively, to control the opening and closing of the upper valve core cone hole 301 and the lower valve core cone hole 401.

[0056] In some embodiments, the upper pressure relief assembly 7 includes multiple stacked upper pressure relief corrugated plates 71, the corrugation gap between two adjacent upper pressure relief corrugated plates 71 is a first tortuous pressure relief gap 711, and each upper pressure relief corrugated plate 71 is provided with a fourth through hole 712 communicating with the first pressure relief inner cavity 1031. The lower pressure relief assembly 8 includes multiple stacked lower pressure relief corrugated plates 81, the corrugation gap between two adjacent lower pressure relief corrugated plates 81 is a second tortuous pressure relief gap 811, and each lower pressure relief corrugated plate 81 is provided with a fifth through hole 812 communicating with the second pressure relief inner cavity 1051. The valve core rod 9 passes through the fifth through hole 812.

[0057] In other embodiments, the hydrogen pressure reducing valve further includes a plurality of first upper partitions 10 disposed in the first expansion pressure reducing chamber 103, and a plurality of first lower partitions 11 disposed in the third expansion pressure reducing chamber 105.

[0058] First upper partitions 10 are provided between the top pressure relief corrugated plate 71 located at the top layer and the top plate 107 of the shell 1, between the top pressure relief corrugated plate 71 located at the bottom layer and the first partition 2, and between two adjacent top pressure relief corrugated plates 71. Multiple first upper partitions 10 divide the top pressure relief corrugated plate 71 into multiple top pressure relief fan-shaped corrugated single plates 713. Multiple first upper partitions 10 divide the first pressure relief inner cavity 1031 into multiple top pressure relief inner sub-cavities 10311. Multiple top pressure relief inner sub-cavities 10311 are all connected to the air inlet 101.

[0059] A first lower partition 11 is provided between the lower pressure relief pleated plate 81 at the top layer and the second partition 3, between the lower pressure relief pleated plate 81 at the bottom layer and the third partition 4, and between two adjacent lower pressure relief pleated plates 81. Multiple first lower partitions 11 divide the lower pressure relief pleated plate 81 into multiple lower pressure relief fan-shaped pleated single plates 813, and multiple first lower partitions 11 divide the second pressure relief inner cavity 1051 into multiple lower pressure relief inner sub-cavities 10511.

[0060] The upper valve core opening adjustment chamber 501 is divided into multiple upper valve core opening adjustment sub-chambers 5011 by multiple second upper partitions 12. Multiple upper pressure reducing inner sub-chambers 10311 are connected to the corresponding upper valve core opening adjustment sub-chambers 5011 through corresponding first through holes 201. Multiple lower pressure reducing inner sub-chambers 10511 are connected to the corresponding upper valve core opening adjustment sub-chambers 5011 through corresponding upper valve core conical holes 301. The lower valve core opening adjustment chamber 601 is divided into multiple lower valve core opening adjustment sub-chambers 6011 by multiple second lower partitions 13. Multiple lower valve core opening adjustment sub-chambers 6011 are connected to the corresponding lower pressure reducing inner sub-chambers 10511 through corresponding lower valve core conical holes 401. There are multiple valve core rods 9, and the two ends of each valve core rod 9 are respectively located in the upper valve core opening adjustment sub-chamber 5011 and the lower valve core opening adjustment sub-chamber 6011.

[0061] In some embodiments, an expansion and pressure reducing cylinder 16 is fixed on the upper cavity wall of each upper valve core opening adjustment sub-cavity 5011. The internal space of the expansion and pressure reducing cylinder 16 is a fifth expansion and pressure reducing cavity 161. The fifth expansion and pressure reducing cavity 161 is connected to the upper pressure reducing inner sub-cavity 10311 through a first through hole. A seventh through hole 162 is provided on the cylinder wall of the expansion and pressure reducing cylinder 16 for connecting the fifth expansion and pressure reducing cavity 161 and the upper valve core opening adjustment sub-cavity 5011. The upper end of the valve core rod 9 is located in the fifth expansion and pressure reducing cavity 161.

[0062] Each lower valve core opening adjustment sub-cavity 6011 has a guide cylinder 17 fixed on its lower cavity wall, and the lower end of the valve core rod 9 is inserted into the guide cylinder 17.

[0063] In some embodiments, the valve core rod 9 located in the lower pressure reducing inner cavity 10511 has multiple flow pressure reducing channels 93 arranged circumferentially inside. Two adjacent flow pressure reducing channels 93 are arranged alternately. Each flow pressure reducing channel 93 is provided with a pressure reducing air inlet 931 and a pressure reducing air outlet 932. The pressure reducing air inlet 931 is connected to its adjacent alternately arranged pressure reducing air outlet 932. The multiple flow pressure reducing channels 93 located on the same radial section of the valve core rod 9 form a three-inlet and three-outlet pressure reducing structure.

[0064] In some embodiments, an upper return spring 18 and a lower return spring 19 are sleeved on the upper and lower parts of the valve core rod 9, respectively. The two ends of the upper return spring 18 abut against the large end face of the upper valve core cone 91 and the lower cylinder edge of the expansion and pressure reducing cylinder 16, respectively. The two ends of the lower return spring 19 abut against the large end face of the lower valve core cone 92 and the upper cylinder edge of the guide cylinder 17, respectively.

[0065] In some embodiments, a valve core opening adjustment assembly 20 is further included, which includes:

[0066] The upper opening of the regulating cylinder 2001 is fixed to the bottom end face of the base plate 108, and the lower end of the valve core rod 9 extends into the regulating cylinder 2001 through the base plate 108.

[0067] Adjusting push rod 2002 is screwed onto the lower opening of adjusting cylinder 2001. A push plate 2003 is fixed to the upper end of adjusting push rod 2002, and the lower ends of multiple valve core rods 9 abut against the top surface of push plate 2003.

[0068] In the initial state without the introduction of high-pressure hydrogen, the stroke of the valve core rod can be preset by turning the adjusting push rod.

[0069] In some embodiments, a plurality of balance springs 21 are also included, which are respectively sleeved on the corresponding valve core rod 9, and the two ends of the balance springs 21 abut against the top surface of the push plate 2003 and the bottom surface of the bottom plate 108, respectively.

[0070] In some embodiments, the top plate 107, the first partition 2, the second partition 3, and the third partition 4 are all screwed to the housing 1.

[0071] The specific workflow is as follows:

[0072] High-pressure hydrogen enters the first expansion and depressurization chamber 103 through the inlet 101. During this process, expansion and depressurization are achieved, and the six upper partitions 10 effectively divide the hydrogen into six regions, ensuring a uniform distribution of the high-pressure hydrogen flow. Subsequently, the high-pressure hydrogen is divided into two paths: one path enters the first through-hole 201 on the first partition 2 through the fourth through-hole 712 on the upper depressurization pleated plate, and then flows into the fifth expansion and depressurization chamber 161. After that, it enters the upper valve core opening adjustment sub-chamber 5011 through the seventh through-hole 162. This part of the hydrogen is used to regulate the displacement of the valve core rod, that is, to adjust the opening of the valve core cone orifice to maintain the dynamic balance of the system; the other path passes through the gradually narrowing first tortuous depressurization gap 711 and enters the first depressurization outer chamber 1032 after depressurization.

[0073] Subsequently, hydrogen enters the larger second expansion and depressurization chamber 104 through the second through hole 202. During this process, not only is expansion and depressurization continuous, but the high-speed airflow generated in the previous step is also effectively buffered. Then, it enters the second depressurization outer chamber 1052 through the third through hole 302. Next, the hydrogen passes through the gradually narrowing second tortuous depressurization gap 811 and is depressurized again before entering the second depressurization inner chamber 1051. After that, the hydrogen begins to achieve counter-pressure depressurization. The hydrogen continuously enters the valve core rod from the depressurization inlet of the circumferential flow depressurization channel. Each radial section presents a three-inlet and three-outlet depressurization structure. At the three inlet counter-pressure angles, the high-pressure hydrogen achieves counter-pressure depressurization. The depressurized hydrogen is then released from the depressurization outlet in these three directions. This cycle continues until the hydrogen reaches the lower valve core cone hole 401.

[0074] Subsequently, the hydrogen gas enters the lower valve core opening adjustment chamber 6011 for further depressurization and is then discharged through the outlet 102.

[0075] Specific regulatory mechanisms such as Figures 11-13 As shown. After the combined action and comparison of the forces exerted on the counter-pressure valve core by the high-pressure hydrogen, the upper spring and the lower spring, the cone surface clearance of the counter-pressure valve core will gradually change in order to ensure stable outlet pressure. The working states include the following three (the upper valve core opening adjustment sub-cavity 5011 is marked as ①, and the lower valve core opening adjustment sub-cavity 6011 is marked as ②).

[0076] like Figure 11 Working state one: When the pressure in chamber ① and chamber ② is nearly equal, the gap between the upper and lower valve cores is equal;

[0077] like Figure 12 Working state two: When the pressure in chamber ① is higher than that in chamber ②, the upper valve core moves downward, and the gap gradually narrows until it closes, while the lower valve core moves downward, and the gap gradually widens to its maximum.

[0078] like Figure 13 Working state three: When the pressure in chamber ① is lower than that in chamber ②, the upper valve core moves upward and the gap gradually expands to the maximum, while the lower valve core moves upward and the gap gradually shrinks until it closes.

[0079] The advantages of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve of the present invention are as follows:

[0080] 1. The introduction of a counter-flow valve core structure significantly enhances the complexity and stability of fluid flow. As high-pressure hydrogen flows through these intricate orifices, it is forced to continuously change its flow direction and cross-section, achieving a dual pressure reduction mechanism of throttling and counter-flow effects. This significantly improves the pressure reduction effect, stabilizes the outlet pressure, and achieves high-precision pressure stabilization. Secondly, in high-pressure hydrogen pressure reducing valves, when the pressure difference between the two ends of the fluid is large, the velocity and pressure changes generated by the fluid passing through the valve can cause noise. By employing a multi-stage pleated plate and counter-flow valve core structure, the flow channel becomes more uniform, reducing turbulence dissipation and noise generation.

[0081] 2. Gaps exist between the multiple layers of pleated plates, and these gaps gradually decrease in size. When high-pressure hydrogen passes through these gaps, the flow velocity increases due to the sudden reduction in flow area and the viscous resistance of the fluid, while the pressure decreases accordingly. By precisely designing and adjusting the size and shape of the gaps, as well as the flow characteristics of the fluid, precise control of the outlet pressure can be achieved.

[0082] 3. In addition, the opening of the counter-current valve core can be easily adjusted by rotating the adjustment rod, thereby achieving precise control of the hydrogen flow and pressure after the valve. This design enhances the flexibility and operability of the system and meets the needs of different working conditions.

[0083] 4. This invention employs a partition to divide the corresponding cavity into six independent regions that do not interfere with each other. Each region operates independently during pressure reduction and stabilization processes, without interference from the others. This unique design is extremely effective in reducing and stabilizing the pressure of high-pressure hydrogen.

[0084] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0085] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A hydrogen pressure reducing valve, characterized in that, include: The housing (1) has an air inlet (101) at the top and an air outlet (102) at the bottom. The housing (1) contains a first partition (2), a second partition (3), and a third partition (4) arranged vertically at intervals. The space between the first partition (2) and the top plate (107) of the housing (1) is a first expansion and pressure reduction chamber (103). The space between the first partition (2) and the second partition (3) is a second expansion and pressure reduction chamber (104). The space between the second partition (3) and the third partition (4) is a third expansion and pressure reduction chamber (105). The space between the third partition (4) and the bottom plate (108) of the housing (1) is a fourth expansion and pressure reduction chamber (106). The fourth expansion and pressure reduction chamber (106) is connected to the air outlet (102). The second expansion and pressure reducing chamber (104) is provided with an upper valve core opening adjustment cylinder (5), the internal space of the upper valve core opening adjustment cylinder (5) is an upper valve core opening adjustment chamber (501), the fourth expansion and pressure reducing chamber (106) is provided with a lower valve core opening adjustment cylinder (6), the internal space of the lower valve core opening adjustment cylinder (6) is a lower valve core opening adjustment chamber (601), the lower valve core opening adjustment chamber (601) and the fourth expansion and pressure reducing chamber (106) are connected through the air outlet (602) on the lower valve core opening adjustment cylinder (6), the first partition (2) is provided with a first through hole (201) and a second through hole (202), the second partition (3) is provided with an upper valve core cone hole (301) and a third through hole (302), and the third partition (4) is provided with a lower valve core cone hole (401). The upper pressure reducing assembly (7) is disposed within the first expansion pressure reducing chamber (103). The upper pressure reducing assembly (7) divides the first expansion pressure reducing chamber (103) into a first pressure reducing inner chamber (1031) and a first pressure reducing outer chamber (1032). The first pressure reducing inner chamber (1031) is connected to the air inlet (101). The first pressure reducing inner chamber (1031) and the first pressure reducing outer chamber (1032) are connected through a first tortuous pressure reducing gap (711) inside the upper pressure reducing assembly (7). The size of the gap of the first tortuous pressure reducing gap (711) gradually decreases from the first pressure reducing inner chamber (1031) to the first pressure reducing outer chamber (1032). The first pressure reducing inner chamber (1031) is connected to the upper valve core opening adjustment chamber (501) through the first through hole (201). The first pressure reducing outer chamber (1032) is connected to the second expansion pressure reducing chamber (104) through the second through hole (202). The lower pressure reducing assembly (8) is disposed within the third expansion pressure reducing chamber (105). The lower pressure reducing assembly (8) divides the third expansion pressure reducing chamber (105) into a second pressure reducing inner chamber (1051) and a second pressure reducing outer chamber (1052). The second pressure reducing inner chamber (1051) is connected to the upper valve core opening adjustment chamber (501) through the upper valve core cone hole (301). The second pressure reducing inner chamber (1051) and the second pressure reducing outer chamber (1052) are connected through the lower pressure reducing assembly (8). The second tortuous pressure relief gap (811) inside the pressure relief assembly (8) is connected. The size of the gap of the second tortuous pressure relief gap (811) gradually increases from the second pressure relief inner cavity (1051) to the second pressure relief outer cavity (1052). The second pressure relief outer cavity (1052) is connected to the second expansion pressure relief cavity (104) through the third through hole (302). The second pressure relief inner cavity (1051) is connected to the lower valve core opening adjustment cavity (601) through the lower valve core cone hole (401). The valve core rod (9) has two ends located in the upper valve core opening adjustment cavity (501) and the lower valve core opening adjustment cavity (601) respectively. The upper valve core cone (91) and the lower valve core cone (92) on the valve core rod (9) move up and down in the upper valve core cone hole (301) and the lower valve core cone hole (401) respectively to control the opening and closing of the upper valve core cone hole (301) and the lower valve core cone hole (401). The upper pressure relief assembly (7) includes multiple stacked upper pressure relief corrugated plates (71), the corrugation gap between two adjacent upper pressure relief corrugated plates (71) is the first tortuous pressure relief gap (711), and each upper pressure relief corrugated plate (71) is provided with a fourth through hole (712) communicating with the first pressure relief inner cavity (1031). The lower pressure relief assembly (8) includes multiple stacked lower pressure relief corrugated plates (81), the corrugation gap between two adjacent lower pressure relief corrugated plates (81) is the second tortuous pressure relief gap (811), and each lower pressure relief corrugated plate (81) is provided with a fifth through hole (812) communicating with the second pressure relief inner cavity (1051). The valve core rod (9) passes through the fifth through hole (812).

2. A hydrogen pressure reducing valve according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a plurality of first upper partitions (10) disposed in the first expansion and decompression chamber (103), and a plurality of first lower partitions (11) disposed in the third expansion and decompression chamber (105). The upper decompression corrugated plate (71) located at the top layer is provided with the first upper partition plate (107) between the top plate (71) of the shell (1), between the upper decompression corrugated plate (71) located at the bottom layer and the first partition plate (2), and between two adjacent upper decompression corrugated plates (71). The multiple first upper partition plates (10) divide the upper decompression corrugated plate (71) into multiple upper decompression fan-shaped corrugated single plates (713). The multiple first upper partition plates (10) divide the first decompression inner cavity (1031) into multiple upper decompression inner sub-cavities (10311). The multiple upper decompression inner sub-cavities (10311) are all connected to the air inlet (101). The first lower partition (11) is provided between the lower pressure relief pleated plate (81) at the top layer and the second partition (3), between the lower pressure relief pleated plate (81) at the bottom layer and the third partition (4), and between two adjacent lower pressure relief pleated plates (81). The multiple first lower partitions (11) divide the lower pressure relief pleated plate (81) into multiple lower pressure relief fan-shaped pleated single plates (813), and the multiple first lower partitions (11) divide the second pressure relief inner cavity (1051) into multiple lower pressure relief inner sub-cavities (10511). The upper valve core opening adjustment chamber (501) is divided into multiple upper valve core opening adjustment sub-chambers (5011) by multiple second upper partitions (12). Multiple upper pressure reducing inner sub-chambers (10311) are respectively connected to the corresponding upper valve core opening adjustment sub-chambers (5011) through corresponding first through holes (201). Multiple lower pressure reducing inner sub-chambers (10511) are respectively connected to the corresponding upper valve core opening adjustment sub-chambers (5011) through corresponding upper valve core conical holes (301); the lower... The valve core opening adjustment chamber (601) is divided into multiple lower valve core opening adjustment sub-chambers (6011) by multiple second lower partitions (13). The multiple lower valve core opening adjustment sub-chambers (6011) are respectively connected to the corresponding lower pressure reducing inner sub-chamber (10511) through the corresponding lower valve core cone hole (401). There are multiple valve core rods (9), and the two ends of each valve core rod (9) are respectively located in the upper valve core opening adjustment sub-chamber (5011) and the lower valve core opening adjustment sub-chamber (6011).

3. A hydrogen pressure reducing valve according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the upper valve core opening adjustment sub-cavities (5011) has an expansion pressure reducing cylinder (16) fixed on its upper cavity wall. The internal space of the expansion pressure reducing cylinder (16) is a fifth expansion pressure reducing cavity (161). The fifth expansion pressure reducing cavity (161) is connected to the upper pressure reducing inner sub-cavity (10311) through a first through hole. The cylinder wall of the expansion pressure reducing cylinder (16) is provided with a seventh through hole (162) for connecting the fifth expansion pressure reducing cavity (161) and the upper valve core opening adjustment sub-cavity (5011). The upper end of the valve core rod (9) is located in the fifth expansion pressure reducing cavity (161). Each of the lower valve core opening adjustment sub-cavities (6011) has a guide cylinder (17) fixed on its lower cavity wall, and the lower end of the valve core rod (9) is inserted into the guide cylinder (17).

4. A hydrogen pressure reducing valve according to claim 3, characterized in that, The valve core rod (9) located in the lower pressure reducing inner cavity (10511) has multiple flow pressure reducing channels (93) arranged circumferentially inside. Two adjacent flow pressure reducing channels (93) are arranged alternately. Each flow pressure reducing channel (93) is provided with a pressure reducing air inlet (931) and a pressure reducing air outlet (932). The pressure reducing air inlet (931) is connected to the adjacent alternately arranged pressure reducing air outlet (932). The multiple flow pressure reducing channels (93) located on the same radial section of the valve core rod (9) form a three-inlet and three-outlet pressure reducing structure.

5. A hydrogen pressure reducing valve according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes an upper return spring (18) and a lower return spring (19) sleeved on the upper and lower parts of the valve core rod (9). The two ends of the upper return spring (18) abut against the large end face of the upper valve core cone (91) and the lower cylinder edge of the expansion and pressure reducing cylinder (16), respectively. The two ends of the lower return spring (19) abut against the large end face of the lower valve core cone (92) and the upper cylinder edge of the guide cylinder (17), respectively.

6. A hydrogen pressure reducing valve according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that, It also includes a valve core opening adjustment assembly (20), which includes: The upper opening of the regulating cylinder (2001) is fixed to the bottom end face of the base plate (108), and the lower end of the valve core rod (9) extends through the base plate (108) into the regulating cylinder (2001). Adjusting push rod (2002), the adjusting push rod (2002) is screwed onto the lower cylinder opening of the adjusting cylinder (2001), the upper end of the adjusting push rod (2002) is fixed with a push plate (2003), and the lower ends of the plurality of valve core rods (9) abut against the top surface of the push plate (2003).

7. A hydrogen pressure reducing valve according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes multiple balance springs (21), which are respectively sleeved on the corresponding valve core rod (9). The two ends of the balance springs (21) abut against the top surface of the push plate (2003) and the bottom surface of the base plate (108).

8. A hydrogen pressure reducing valve according to any one of claims 1-5 and 7, characterized in that, The top plate (107), the first partition (2), the second partition (3), and the third partition (4) are all screwed to the housing (1).

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