Heat storage device

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat storage device which comprises a heat storage container and a fluid pump, the heat storage container is tubular and vertically extends, an inner cavity of the heat storage container is of an up-down through structure, the actual unit volume of the heat storage container is increased, meanwhile, the occupied area of the unit volume is reduced, and solid heat storage particles can be refilled after a device body is installed; the installation work amount can be greatly reduced, the installation period is shortened, the capacity of the heat storage container can be designed according to needs, and the influence of factors such as transportation and hoisting is avoided. And the heat exchange efficiency of the heat-conducting fluid can be improved. In addition, integration of heat storage and heat exchange can be achieved, and after long-time shutdown, the whole device can recover to operate within a short time only by introducing steam into the heat exchange pipe. In addition, the fluid pump can be a short-rod fluid pump (below 2 meters), and compared with an existing long-rod fluid pump (above 10 meters), the cost can be reduced, the service life of the fluid pump can be prolonged, and the overall service life of the device can be prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of heat storage of heat-conducting fluids, and in particular to a heat storage device. Background Art

[0002] The dual tank system is a traditional high-temperature molten salt thermal storage system and is also the main technology currently used. However, the dual tank system currently has the following main problems: (1) Complex structure and operation: including complex system connections and ancillary facilities, which lead to troublesome installation and complicated operation; (2) High cost and short service life of the molten salt pump: a long-rod molten salt pump must be used, and its service life is only 1.5 years; (3) Troublesome operation and maintenance and low reliability: the molten salt cannot solidify in the tank during the service life, and many safeguards must be taken.

[0003] To this end, the Chinese invention patent with patent number ZL202210608538.5 (authorization announcement number CN114838611B) discloses a high-temperature heat exchange and heat storage unit, structure and device, and specifies the following contents: There are at least two high-temperature heat exchange and heat storage units in the high-temperature heat exchange and heat storage structure and they are stacked up and down, wherein the fluid outlet of the shell of any high-temperature heat exchange and heat storage unit is fluidly connected with the fluid inlet of the shell of another high-temperature heat exchange and heat storage unit located below the high-temperature heat exchange and heat storage unit, and the heat exchange pipes in the shells of each high-temperature heat exchange and heat storage unit are connected in sequence. Among them, the high-temperature heat exchange and heat storage unit includes a shell filled with solid heat storage particles and capable of isolating the solid heat storage particles inside, the upper end of the shell has a fluid inlet for high-temperature heat transfer fluid to flow in, and the bottom wall is provided with a fluid outlet for the heat transfer fluid after heat exchange to flow out, and the shell is respectively provided with an overflow port, an overflow pipe for the heat transfer fluid to flow, and a heat exchange pipe for the fluid to be heated to pass through, wherein the overflow pipe connects the overflow port and the fluid outlet of the shell, and the highest point of the overflow pipe is lower than the top of the shell.

[0004] The modular system of the above patent simplifies the structure compared to the dual-tank system, and improves the overall safety and reliability. At the same time, it overcomes the problem that the dual-tank system needs to be produced, manufactured and installed on the project site, shortens the construction period and effectively improves the quality and reliability of the device. In addition, the use of solid heat storage particles and molten salt to store heat greatly reduces the use of molten salt (the amount of molten salt used is only 1 / 3 of that of the dual-tank system), which is conducive to reducing costs. In addition, the unit system is used for independent operation. In large-scale projects with dozens of units, the scope of the accident is limited to one unit, and the impact is limited (the dual-tank system often causes the entire system to shut down). In actual projects, the investment in equal-capacity projects of modular systems is only 50-60% of that of dual-tank systems. The cost advantage is very obvious, the land area is only about 50% of the dual-tank system, the site selection advantage is significant, and the project operating cost is also very low.

[0005] However, the modular system of the above patent still has the following problems: it is necessary to ensure that the molten salt surface is at normal pressure, that is, the top of the module cannot be sealed (that is, the top of the shell must be open), and the overflow structure needs to have a certain height of liquid level difference. In order to prevent the molten salt from overflowing from the top of the module, the necessary space must be reserved at the top. At the same time, the overflow structure causes the inside of the module to be separated. The above factors make it impossible to fully utilize the inside of the module, affecting the storage rate per unit volume of the container. The unit capacity still occupies a large area, and due to its stacked combination characteristics, the filling of solid heat storage particles must be completed before installation. Therefore, considering factors such as transportation and lifting, the total weight of a single module is limited. The molten salt flows in a limited overflow pipe, resulting in a limited flow rate of the molten salt in the module. The average flow rate is only 1-2 mm / s, which is not conducive to heat exchange. Summary of the invention

[0006] The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a heat storage device with a large actual average volume of a heat storage container and a small footprint per unit volume in view of the prior art.

[0007] The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a heat storage device with a heat storage container having a capacity as large as possible and convenient installation in view of the prior art.

[0008] The third technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a heat storage device with good heat exchange performance of a heat-conducting fluid in view of the prior art.

[0009] The fourth technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a heat storage device which can avoid solidification of heat transfer fluid in operation and is easy to restore after long-term shutdown, in view of the prior art.

[0010] The fifth technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a heat storage device with a long service life for a fluid pump in view of the prior art.

[0011] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve at least one of the above technical problems is: a heat storage device, including a heat storage container and a fluid pump for conveying a heat transfer fluid, characterized in that the heat storage container is tubular and has a closed upper end, and the heat storage container extends vertically, and the heat storage container is filled with solid heat storage particles having a density greater than that of the heat transfer fluid and capable of heat exchange with the heat transfer fluid, and the solid heat storage particles can be isolated in the heat storage container,

[0012] The upper end of the heat storage container is provided with a fluid inlet, and the lower end is provided with a fluid outlet, and the pump tank of the fluid pump stores a heat transfer fluid, and the output end of the pump tank is fluidically connected to the fluid inlet, and the input end is fluidically connected to the fluid outlet.

[0013] It also includes a heat exchanger for respectively exchanging heat with the heat-conducting fluid and the solid heat-storage particles. The heat exchanger includes a heat exchange tube arranged in the heat storage container along the length direction of the heat storage container. In the operating state, water flowing in from one end of the heat exchange tube is heated into steam in the heat exchange tube and then flows out from the other end, or steam flowing in from one end of the heat exchange tube is condensed in the heat exchange tube and then flows out from the other end.

[0014] Furthermore, the heat exchange tube is spirally arranged along the length direction of the heat storage container, and the radius of the heat exchange tube matches the inner diameter of the heat storage container. On the one hand, the heat exchange tube can fully exchange heat with the solid heat storage particles and / or the heat transfer fluid to improve the heat exchange efficiency, and on the other hand, it is convenient to install the heat exchange tube in the heat storage container: just weld and fix the two ends of the heat exchange tube to the heat storage container.

[0015] Furthermore, a flow guide is included for changing the flow direction of the heat transfer fluid inside the heat storage container. The flow guide can enhance the flow and diffusion of the heat transfer fluid, thereby improving the heat exchange capacity.

[0016] Furthermore, the deflector includes a deflector plate disposed transversely in the solid heat storage particles in the heat storage container, thereby guiding the radial flow of the heat transfer fluid in the solid heat storage particles, thereby improving the radial temperature difference caused by the uneven vertical flow of the heat transfer fluid, optimizing the cross-sectional temperature field, and further improving the heat storage effect.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes an electric heater for heating the heat transfer fluid, wherein the input end of the electric heater is in fluid communication with the output end of the pump tank, and the output end of the electric heater is in fluid communication with the fluid inlet. In the electric heat storage working mode, the heat transfer fluid is heated by the electric heater to become a high-temperature heat transfer fluid, which then enters the heat storage container. The high-temperature heat transfer fluid heats the solid heat storage particles during the downward circulation process, causing the temperature to rise, thereby completing the heat storage process.

[0018] Furthermore, the heat storage containers are at least two arranged side by side, and the side walls of each heat storage container are provided with a communication port, and the heat transfer fluids in adjacent heat storage containers are fluidly connected through the communication ports thereon, thereby realizing the circulation flow heat exchange of the heat transfer fluid between the heat storage containers, and combining the up and down flow heat exchange in each heat storage container, which is conducive to improving the heat exchange effect of the heat transfer fluid and facilitating the uniform distribution of the temperature field in each heat storage container.

[0019] Furthermore, the connecting ports of the adjacent heat storage containers are arranged opposite to each other and are connected through a horizontally extending connecting pipe. In this way, the horizontal circulation flow between the adjacent heat storage containers is combined with the up and down flow in each heat storage container, further improving the heat exchange effect of the heat transfer fluid.

[0020] Furthermore, each of the heat storage containers is divided into a fluid layer containing only a heat transfer fluid and a mixed layer located below the fluid layer, wherein the mixed layer contains both the solid heat storage particles and the heat transfer fluid, and each communication port is respectively opened at the side wall corresponding to the fluid layer of the heat storage container. In this way, there is no need to set a filtering structure at each communication port, thereby avoiding the complication of the internal structure of each heat storage container.

[0021] Furthermore, a filter screen is horizontally provided at the lower end of the heat storage container for the heat transfer fluid to penetrate, the filter screen is located above the fluid outlet, and the pore size of the filter screen is smaller than the particle size of the solid heat storage particles. Thus, the solid heat storage particles can be isolated in the heat storage container to prevent the solid heat storage particles from escaping from each heat storage container.

[0022] Furthermore, the bottom of each heat storage container is provided with the above-mentioned fluid outlet, and also includes a first delivery pipe arranged below each heat storage container in the horizontal direction, and the tube wall of the first delivery pipe is provided with a first flow guide port corresponding to the above-mentioned heat storage container one by one, and each first flow guide port is fluidly connected with the fluid outlet of the corresponding heat storage container, and one end of the first delivery pipe is closed, while the other end is fluidly connected with the input end of the above-mentioned pump tank. On the one hand, the heat transfer fluid in each heat storage container can be smoothly refluxed to the pump tank of the fluid pump, and on the other hand, the bottom of each heat storage container is connected, and in cooperation with the connecting port of each heat storage container, the heat transfer fluid in each heat storage container can be better circulated, and the heat exchange effect of the heat transfer fluid can be further improved.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: the heat storage container is tubular and extends vertically, and the inner cavity of the heat storage container is a vertical through structure. Compared with the prior art, the actual average volume of the heat storage container is increased, while the floor space per unit volume is reduced, and the solid heat storage particles can be filled after the main body of the device is installed, which can greatly reduce the installation workload and shorten the installation period. The capacity of the heat storage container can be designed to be as large as possible (the height can be up to 15 meters) as needed to avoid the influence of factors such as transportation and lifting.

[0024] Furthermore, the structure of the heat storage container that runs through from top to bottom can make the solid heat storage particles and the heat transfer fluid inside it tend to be layered up and down during operation, and at the same time, the temperature field tends to be high at the top and low at the bottom. In conjunction with the fluid pump, it is beneficial to realize the up and down flow of the heat transfer fluid in the heat storage container, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0025] Furthermore, the setting of the heat exchanger can, on the one hand, prevent the solidification of the heat transfer fluid in the heat storage container during operation, thereby eliminating the complex structure and complex control in the prior art, improving working reliability, and realizing the integration of heat storage and heat exchange. After a long period of shutdown, the entire device can be restored to operation in a short time by simply passing steam into the heat exchange pipe. In addition, the fluid pump in the present invention can adopt a short-rod fluid pump (less than 2 meters), which can reduce costs and extend the service life of the fluid pump compared to the existing long-rod fluid pump (more than 10 meters), thereby helping to extend the overall service life of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat storage device in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the heat exchange tube in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Since the embodiments disclosed in the present invention can be set in different directions, these terms indicating directions are only for illustration and should not be regarded as limitations. For example, "up" and "down" are not necessarily limited to directions opposite to or consistent with the direction of gravity. In addition, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features.

[0030] like Figures 1-2As shown, a heat storage device includes a heat storage container 1 and a fluid pump 2 for conveying a heat-conducting fluid. The heat storage container 1 is tubular and closed at the upper end, and the heat storage container 1 extends vertically. The heat storage container 1 is filled with solid heat storage particles 3 having a density greater than that of the heat-conducting fluid and capable of heat exchange with the heat-conducting fluid, and the solid heat storage particles 3 can be isolated in the heat storage container 1. The upper end of the heat storage container 1 is provided with a fluid inlet 12, and the lower end is provided with a fluid outlet 11, and the pump tank 21 of the fluid pump 2 stores the heat-conducting fluid. The output end of the pump tank 21 is in fluid communication with the fluid inlet 12, and the input end is in fluid communication with the fluid outlet 11. It also includes a heat exchanger for respectively exchanging heat with the heat-conducting fluid and the solid heat-storage particles 3. The heat exchanger includes a heat exchange tube 4 arranged in the heat storage container 1 along the length direction of the heat storage container 1, and in the heat release operation state, water flowing in from the lower end of the heat exchange tube 4 is heated into steam in the heat exchange tube 4 and then flows out from the upper end, or, in the steam heat storage process, steam flowing in from the upper end of the heat exchange tube 4 is condensed in the heat exchange tube 4 and then flows out from the lower end.

[0031] As can be seen from the above, the heat storage container 1 of the present invention is tubular and extends vertically, so the inner cavity of the heat storage container 1 is a vertically through-structure. Compared with the prior art, the actual average volume of the heat storage container 1 is increased, while the floor space per unit volume is reduced. The solid heat storage particles 3 can be filled after the main body of the device is installed, which can greatly reduce the amount of installation work and shorten the installation period. The capacity of the heat storage container 1 can be designed as large as possible (the height can be up to 15 meters) according to needs to avoid the influence of factors such as transportation and lifting. Furthermore, the vertically through-structure of the heat storage container 1 can make the solid heat storage particles 3 and the heat transfer fluid in it tend to be layered up and down in the operating state, and the temperature field tends to be high at the top and low at the bottom. In conjunction with the fluid pump 2, it is conducive to the top-down flow of the heat transfer fluid in the heat storage container 1, thereby realizing heat storage.

[0032] Furthermore, by setting up a heat exchanger, on the one hand, it is possible to prevent the heat transfer fluid in the heat storage container 1 from solidifying during operation, thereby eliminating the complex structure and complex control in the prior art, improving working reliability, and realizing the integration of heat storage and heat exchange. After a long period of shutdown, the entire device can be restored to operation in a short time by simply passing steam into the heat exchange tube 4. In addition, the fluid pump 2 in the present invention can adopt a short-rod fluid pump 2 (less than 2 meters), which can reduce costs and extend the service life of the fluid pump 2 compared with the existing long-rod fluid pump 2 (more than 10 meters), thereby helping to extend the overall service life of the device.

[0033] In the present invention, the heat transfer fluid is at least one of molten salt or heat transfer oil. Molten salt and heat transfer oil can fill the gaps between the solid heat storage particles 3, greatly reduce thermal resistance, significantly increase the heat exchange area, achieve efficient heat exchange, and greatly reduce the heat exchange temperature difference. In this embodiment, the heat transfer fluid is preferably liquid molten salt. The solid heat storage particles 3 are at least one of forsterite or quartz, so that good heat exchange and heat storage effects can be obtained. In addition, the combination of molten salt and solid heat storage particles 3 greatly reduces the cost compared with the traditional pure molten salt method (the proportional cost of solid heat storage particles 3 is only 1 / 8 of that of molten salt). Among them, molten salt is mainly used as a heat exchange medium, while solid heat storage particles 3 are mainly used as a heat storage medium.

[0034] Furthermore, the heat exchange tube 4 is spirally arranged along the length direction of the heat storage container 1, and the radius of the heat exchange tube 4 matches the inner diameter of the heat storage container 1. Figure 2 As shown. On the one hand, the heat exchange tube 4 can fully exchange heat with the solid heat storage particles 3 and / or the heat transfer fluid to improve the heat exchange efficiency. On the other hand, it is convenient to install the heat exchange tube 4 in the heat storage container 1: just weld and fix the two ends of the heat exchange tube 4 to the heat storage container 1. In this embodiment, the heat exchanger further includes a first fluid tube 41 and a second fluid tube 42 arranged outside the heat storage container 1, wherein the first fluid tube 41 is connected to one end of the heat exchange tube 4, and the second fluid tube 42 is connected to the other end of the heat exchange tube 4.

[0035] Furthermore, it also includes a deflector (not shown) for changing the flow direction of the heat transfer fluid inside the heat storage container 1. The deflector can enhance the flow and diffusion of the heat transfer fluid, thereby improving the heat exchange capacity. Preferably, the deflector includes a deflector plate arranged in the solid heat storage particles 3 in the above-mentioned heat storage container 1 along the horizontal direction, so as to guide the radial flow of the heat transfer fluid in the solid heat storage particles 3, thereby improving the radial temperature difference caused by the uneven vertical flow process of the heat transfer fluid, optimizing the cross-sectional temperature field, and further improving the heat storage effect. Further preferably, the above-mentioned deflectors are arranged at intervals up and down along the straight line direction where the central axis of the heat exchange tube 4 is located, and each deflector includes at least two of the above-mentioned deflectors arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction.

[0036] Furthermore, it also includes an electric heater 5 for heating the heat transfer fluid, wherein the input end of the electric heater 5 is fluidically connected to the output end of the pump tank 21, and the output end of the electric heater 5 is fluidically connected to the fluid inlet 12. The heat transfer fluid is heated by the electric heater 5. During the electric heat storage process, the heat transfer fluid is heated by the electric heater 5 to become a high-temperature heat transfer fluid, and then enters the heat storage container 1. The high-temperature heat transfer fluid heats the solid heat storage particles 3 during the downward circulation process, so that the temperature is increased, and the heat storage process is completed. Among them, the heat transfer fluid itself also has heat storage capacity, so the heat transfer fluid acts as a heat exchange medium during operation. While completing the heat exchange with the electric heater 5, the heat exchanger, and the solid heat storage particles 3, it also achieves heat storage as the temperature increases.

[0037] Furthermore, the above-mentioned heat storage containers 1 are at least two arranged side by side, and a connecting port 13 is respectively opened on the side wall of each heat storage container 1, and the heat transfer fluids in adjacent heat storage containers 1 are respectively connected to each other through the connecting ports 13 thereon. Thus, the heat transfer fluid can be circulated and exchanged between the heat storage containers 1, and combined with the up and down flow heat transfer in each heat storage container 1, it is beneficial to improve the heat transfer effect of the heat transfer fluid and facilitate the uniform distribution of the temperature field in each heat storage container 1. In this embodiment, the above-mentioned heat exchange tube 4 is respectively arranged in each heat storage container 1, and one end of each heat exchange tube 4 is respectively connected to the above-mentioned first fluid tube 41, and the other end is respectively connected to the above-mentioned second fluid tube 42.

[0038] Preferably, the connecting ports 13 of the adjacent heat storage containers 1 are arranged opposite to each other and are connected through a connecting pipe 14 extending horizontally. In this way, the horizontal circulation flow between the adjacent heat storage containers 1 is combined with the up and down flow in each heat storage container 1, further improving the heat exchange effect of the heat transfer fluid. Further preferably, the interior of each of the above-mentioned heat storage containers 1 is divided into upper and lower layers 1a containing only the heat transfer fluid and a mixed layer 1b located below the fluid layer 1a, and the mixed layer 1b contains both the above-mentioned solid heat storage particles 3 and the heat transfer fluid, and each connecting port 13 is respectively opened at the side wall corresponding to the fluid layer 1a of the heat storage container 1. In this way, there is no need to set a filtering structure at each connecting port 13, avoiding the complication of the internal structure of each heat storage container 1.

[0039] Furthermore, a filter screen 6 for allowing the heat transfer fluid to penetrate is horizontally arranged at the lower end of each of the above-mentioned heat storage containers 1. The filter screen 6 is located above the above-mentioned fluid outlet 11, and the pore size of the filter screen 6 is smaller than the particle size of the above-mentioned solid heat storage particles 3, so that the solid heat storage particles 3 can be isolated in each heat storage container 1 to prevent the solid heat storage particles 3 from escaping from each heat storage container 1.

[0040] Furthermore, the bottom of each of the heat storage containers 1 is provided with the above-mentioned fluid outlet 11, and also includes a first delivery pipe 7 arranged below each of the heat storage containers 1 in the horizontal direction, and the tube wall of the first delivery pipe 7 is provided with a first flow guide port 71 corresponding to the above-mentioned heat storage container 1, and each first flow guide port 71 is respectively in fluid communication with the fluid outlet 11 of the corresponding heat storage container 1, and one end of the first delivery pipe 7 is closed, while the other end is in fluid communication with the input end of the above-mentioned pump tank 21. On the one hand, the heat transfer fluid in each of the heat storage containers 1 can be smoothly refluxed to the pump tank 21 of the fluid pump 2, and on the other hand, the bottom of each of the heat storage containers 1 is connected, and in cooperation with the connecting port 13 of each of the heat storage containers 1, the heat transfer fluid in each of the heat storage containers 1 can be better circulated, and the heat exchange effect of the heat transfer fluid can be further improved.

[0041] In addition, in this embodiment, a second delivery pipe 8 and a third delivery pipe 9 are also included, wherein the second delivery pipe 8 is horizontally arranged above each heat storage container 1, and the second delivery pipe 8 is provided with a second flow guide port 81 corresponding to each heat storage container 1, and the fluid inlet 12 of each heat storage container 1 is respectively provided at its top and is respectively in fluid communication with the corresponding second flow guide port 81, and the second delivery pipe 8 is also provided with a third flow guide port 82, and the third flow guide port 82 is in fluid communication with the output end of the electric heater 5. Thus, the tops of the heat storage containers 1 are connected, and then the overall connection (top, middle and bottom) between the heat storage containers 1 is achieved, so as to better promote the three-dimensional circulation flow of heat conduction in each heat storage container 1, and maximize the heat exchange effect of the heat transfer fluid. One end of the third delivery pipe 9 is connected to the open end of the second delivery pipe 8, and the other end is connected to the input end of the pump tank 21, so that the heat transfer fluid can flow back to the pump tank 21 more smoothly.

[0042] The "fluid connection" referred to in the present invention refers to the spatial position relationship between two components or parts, which are collectively referred to as the first part and the second part below, that is, fluid gas, liquid or a mixture of the two can flow from the first part along the flow path or / and be transported to the second part. The first part and the second part can be directly connected to each other, or the first part and the second part can be indirectly connected through at least one third party, and the third party can be a fluid channel such as a pipe, channel, duct, guide member, hole, groove, etc., or it can be a chamber allowing fluid to flow through, or a combination of the above.

Claims

1. A heat storage device, comprising a heat storage container (1) and a fluid pump (2) for conveying a heat-conducting fluid, characterized in that: The heat storage container (1) is tubular and has a closed upper end, and the heat storage container (1) extends vertically. The heat storage container (1) is filled with solid heat storage particles (3) having a density greater than that of a heat transfer fluid and capable of exchanging heat with the heat transfer fluid, and the solid heat storage particles (3) can be isolated in the heat storage container (1). The heat storage container (1) is provided with a fluid inlet (12) at its upper end and a fluid outlet (11) at its lower end, and the pump tank (21) of the fluid pump (2) stores a heat transfer fluid, and the output end of the pump tank (21) is in fluid communication with the fluid inlet (12), and the input end of the pump tank (21) is in fluid communication with the fluid outlet (11). It also includes a heat exchanger for respectively exchanging heat with the heat-conducting fluid and the solid heat-storage particles (3), the heat exchanger including a heat exchange tube (4) arranged in the heat storage container (1) along the length direction of the heat storage container (1), and in an operating state, water flowing in from one end of the heat exchange tube (4) is heated into steam in the heat exchange tube (4) and then flows out from the other end, or steam flowing in from one end of the heat exchange tube (4) is condensed in the heat exchange tube (4) and then flows out from the other end.

2. The heat storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange tube (4) is spirally arranged along the length direction of the heat storage container (1), and the radius of the heat exchange tube (4) matches the inner diameter of the heat storage container (1).

3. The heat storage device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It also includes a flow guide for changing the flow direction of the heat-conducting fluid inside the heat storage container (1).

4. The heat storage device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The deflector comprises a deflector plate which is arranged transversely in the heat storage container (1).

5. The heat storage device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It also includes an electric heater (5) for heating the heat transfer fluid, The input end of the electric heater (5) is fluidically connected to the output end of the pump tank (21), while the output end of the electric heater (5) is fluidically connected to the fluid inlet (12).

6. The heat storage device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The heat storage containers (1) are at least two arranged side by side, each heat storage container (1) is provided with a connecting port (13) on its side wall, and the heat transfer fluids in adjacent heat storage containers (1) are fluidly connected via the connecting ports (13) thereon.

7. The heat storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The communication ports (13) of the adjacent heat storage containers (1) are arranged opposite to each other and are connected via a horizontally extending communication pipe (14).

8. The heat storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The interior of each heat storage container (1) is divided into upper and lower layers into a fluid layer (1a) containing only a heat-conducting fluid and a mixed layer (1b) located below the fluid layer (1a), wherein the mixed layer (1b) contains both the solid heat storage particles (3) and the heat-conducting fluid, and each communication port (13) is respectively opened at a side wall corresponding to the fluid layer (1a) of the heat storage container (1).

9. The heat storage device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A filter screen (6) through which the heat transfer fluid can penetrate is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the heat storage container (1); the filter screen (6) is located above the fluid outlet (11), and the pore size of the filter screen (6) is smaller than the particle size of the solid heat storage particles (3).

10. The heat storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom of each heat storage container (1) is provided with the above-mentioned fluid outlet (11), and further comprises a first delivery pipe (7) arranged below each heat storage container (1) in the horizontal direction, and a first flow guide port (71) corresponding to each of the above-mentioned heat storage containers (1) is provided on the pipe wall of the first delivery pipe (7), and each of the first flow guide ports (71) is fluidically connected to the fluid outlet (11) of the corresponding heat storage container (1), and one end of the first delivery pipe (7) is closed, and the other end is fluidically connected to the input end of the above-mentioned pump tank (21).

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