Permanent magnet direct drive hollow shaft transmission system electromechanical coupling mechanism comprehensive test bench

Abstract

The invention discloses an electromechanical coupling mechanism comprehensive test bench for a permanent magnet direct-drive hollow shaft transmission system. The electromechanical coupling mechanism comprehensive test bench comprises a mechanical system and a control system, the mechanical system comprises a driving motor elastic constraint mechanism, a driving motor vibration boundary simulation mechanism, a torsional vibration mode adjustable hollow shaft transmission mechanism and a bogie operation resistance moment characteristic simulation mechanism; according to the electromechanical coupling mechanism comprehensive test bench for the permanent magnet direct-drive hollow shaft transmission system, the boundary of a permanent magnet drive motor is considered more perfectly. The driving motor elastic constraint mechanism simulates a real installation scene of the permanent magnet driving motor on the framework; the driving motor vibration boundary simulation mechanism truly simulates the vibration boundary of a permanent magnet driving motor on a framework, and the bogie operation resistance moment characteristic simulation mechanism truly simulates train wind resistance. The electromechanical coupling mechanism of the permanent magnet direct-drive hollow shaft transmission system can be better explored under different working conditions, so that support is provided for related bogie design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of permanent magnet direct-driven hollow shaft transmission system test equipment, in particular to a permanent magnet direct-driven hollow shaft transmission system electromechanical coupling mechanism comprehensive test bench. Background Art

[0002] Lightweighting of bogies is of great significance to energy conservation and environmental protection of rail transit. Permanent magnet direct drive hollow shaft transmission technology provides an effective solution for lightweighting of bogies, and has gradually become a hot topic in recent years. In a permanent magnet direct drive bogie, the rotor of the permanent magnet motor is usually connected to one end of the transmission hollow shaft through a coupling, and the other end of the hollow shaft is connected to the wheelset through a coupling, thereby realizing that the motor drives the wheelset to rotate through the hollow shaft. For details, please refer to the existing invention patent - CN115257825A - A structure of a rail vehicle bogie in a rail vehicle bogie and its drive unit.

[0003] Affected by factors such as the main body characteristics, control strategy, and fault status, the electromagnetic torque of the permanent magnet motor often fluctuates, which will cause torsional vibration of the transmission hollow shaft. The torque pulsation frequency may also change continuously with the speed. When the torque pulsation frequency crosses the torsional natural frequency of the hollow shaft, it may induce electromechanical coupling resonance. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a test bench for the electromechanical coupling mechanism of the permanent magnet direct-drive hollow shaft transmission system and study the electromechanical coupling effect and control measures between the electrical system and the mechanical system to guide the design of the permanent magnet direct-drive hollow shaft transmission bogie.

[0004] However, in the existing technology, most of them are based on a simple drag test bench, which is used to carry out relevant characteristic test research on the motor body, while there are few test benches for the electromechanical coupling mechanism of the permanent magnet direct-drive hollow shaft transmission system. As a result, when the existing motor drag test bench is used in the permanent magnet direct-drive hollow shaft transmission system, it is impossible to achieve accurate test results, which is not conducive to the research on the electromechanical coupling mechanism of the permanent magnet direct-drive hollow shaft transmission system. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a comprehensive test bench for the electromechanical coupling mechanism of a permanent magnet direct-drive hollow shaft transmission system, and studies the electromechanical coupling effects and control measures of the permanent magnet direct-drive hollow shaft transmission system under different working conditions, thereby providing support for the design of related bogies and solving the problem that the existing motor-drag test bench cannot achieve accurate test results when used in a permanent magnet direct-drive hollow shaft transmission system, which is not conducive to the study of the electromechanical coupling mechanism of the permanent magnet direct-drive hollow shaft transmission system.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A comprehensive test bench for the electromechanical coupling mechanism of a permanent magnet direct-drive hollow shaft transmission system is provided, which comprises a mechanical system and a control system; the mechanical system comprises an elastic constraint mechanism of a drive motor arranged on the upper end surface of a base, a vibration boundary simulation mechanism of a drive motor, a hollow shaft transmission mechanism with adjustable torsional vibration mode, and a bogie running resistance torque characteristic simulation mechanism.

[0007] The elastic constraint mechanism of the driving motor includes a mounting seat for the motor under test, and the mounting seat for the motor under test includes a horizontal mounting plate and a vertical mounting plate, and the lower end surface of the horizontal mounting plate is connected to the upper end surface of the base through multiple electromagnetic exciters; multiple motor support seats and permanent magnet driving motors are arranged on the inner side surface of the vertical mounting plate, and the multiple motor support seats are fixedly connected to the rear side of the permanent magnet driving motor through rubber elastic nodes; in the elastic constraint mechanism of the driving motor, the permanent magnet driving motor is fixed to the mounting seat for the motor under test by setting rubber elastic nodes, thereby simulating the actual installation scenario of the permanent magnet driving motor on the frame.

[0008] The driving motor vibration boundary simulation mechanism includes multiple electromagnetic exciters, and the multiple electromagnetic exciters are arranged between the lower end surface of the horizontal mounting plate and the upper end surface of the base; in the driving motor vibration boundary simulation mechanism, the excitation amplitude, frequency and phase between the electromagnetic exciters can be controlled by the control system, and the vibration service boundary characteristics of the permanent magnet driving motor can be reproduced to a certain extent, such as wheel polygon excitation, wheel flat scar excitation, long-wave track unevenness excitation, etc., to truly simulate the vibration boundary of the permanent magnet driving motor on the frame.

[0009] The hollow shaft transmission mechanism with adjustable torsional vibration mode includes a transmission hollow shaft, one end of which is connected to the output end of the permanent magnet drive motor through a coupling, and the other end is connected to the bogie running resistance torque characteristic simulation mechanism through a coupling; by adjusting the type and structure of the coupling, the torsional stiffness damping coefficient of the coupling can be adjusted, thereby realizing the adjustable torsional vibration mode of the hollow shaft transmission mechanism.

[0010] The bogie running resistance torque characteristic simulation mechanism includes a load motor seat arranged on the upper end surface of the base, the load motor is arranged on the load motor seat, and the output end of the load motor is connected to the other end of the transmission hollow shaft through a coupling and a power transmission shaft; a dynamic torque sensor is arranged on the power transmission shaft, and a sensor mounting seat is arranged below the dynamic torque sensor, and the bottom of the sensor mounting seat is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the base; in the bogie running resistance torque characteristic simulation mechanism, the output electromagnetic torque of the load motor is controlled by the control system to realize the simulation of the bogie running resistance torque, and truly simulate the train wind resistance.

[0011] The control system includes a control system and a data acquisition system; the control system includes a controller and a power amplifier electrically connected to the controller, a first frequency converter, and a second frequency converter; the first frequency converter and the second frequency converter are electrically connected to the permanent magnet drive motor and the load asynchronous motor respectively; the power amplifier is connected to a plurality of electromagnetic exciters; The data acquisition system includes a data acquisition device electrically connected to a controller and a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a vibration acceleration sensor, a rotation speed sensor, and a temperature sensor electrically connected to the data acquisition device; the voltage sensor, the current sensor, the vibration acceleration sensor, the rotation speed sensor, and the temperature sensor are respectively arranged on the permanent magnet drive motor and the load asynchronous motor; the dynamic torque sensor is electrically connected to the data acquisition device.

[0012] The test process of the comprehensive test bench for electromechanical coupling mechanism of permanent magnet direct drive hollow shaft transmission system is as follows: Step 1: setting the target speed, load torque, excitation amplitude, phase, and frequency of the permanent magnet drive motor in the controller; Step 2: The controller sends a control signal to the first frequency converter, the second frequency converter, and the power amplifier; Step 3: Send a control signal through the first frequency converter to make the permanent magnet drive motor run at a specified speed, send a control signal through the second frequency converter to make the load motor run at a specified torque, and send a control signal through the power amplifier to make the electromagnetic exciter excite according to the instruction; Step 4: The data collector collects signals such as the voltage, current, vibration acceleration, temperature, rotor speed of the permanent magnet drive motor and the load motor, and the speed and torque of the transmission hollow shaft, and transmits them to the controller for feedback adjustment.

[0013] Step 5: Explore the electromechanical coupling mechanism of the permanent magnet direct-drive hollow shaft transmission system by analyzing and processing the vibration, speed, current, and voltage signals.

[0014] Furthermore, a flywheel is arranged on the middle shaft section of the transmission hollow shaft. By adjusting the geometrical dimensions of the flywheel, the overall inertia of the hollow shaft can be adjusted, thereby achieving adjustable torsional vibration mode of the hollow shaft transmission mechanism.

[0015] Furthermore, the flywheel is provided with a rotation speed testing mechanism electrically connected to the data collector.

[0016] Furthermore, the torsional vibration of the transmission hollow shaft is a typical form of electromechanical coupling vibration of the permanent magnet direct drive hollow shaft transmission system, and its testing is an important issue. Commercial photoelectric encoders are the main means of measuring the torsional vibration of the shaft system. However, photoelectric encoders often need to be installed on the shaft, which belongs to a contact measurement method, which may cause the change of the torsional modal frequency of the hollow shaft, which is not conducive to the study of the electromechanical coupling mechanism. In order to solve this problem, the speed test mechanism in the present invention is a non-contact speed measurement mechanism. Specifically, the speed test mechanism includes a grating code disk pasted on the outer wall of the flywheel circumference and a photoelectric sensor arranged on one side of the grating code disk, and the photoelectric sensor is electrically connected to the data collector. The flywheel cylinder is affixed with a grating code disk. Since the diameter of the flywheel is larger than the diameter of the transmission hollow shaft, the grating in the grating code disk can be made very dense. The denser the grating, the higher the speed resolution. When the hollow shaft is transmitted, the speed pulse signal is measured by the photoelectric sensor, and the fluctuating speed curve can be obtained after counting processing. Fourier analysis is performed on it to obtain the main frequency components of the torsional vibration.

[0017] Furthermore, the permanent magnet drive motor is a normal motor or a faulty motor.

[0018] Compared with the existing motor drive control test bench of towing type, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The comprehensive test bench for the electromechanical coupling mechanism of the permanent magnet direct-drive hollow shaft transmission system of the present invention has more complete considerations for the boundaries of the permanent magnet drive motor. In traditional towing platforms, the rigid consolidation of the motor and the supporting floor is often considered, but many motors in actual bogies are connected to the frame in an elastic suspension manner and are subject to the forced vibration of the frame. To this end, the present invention uses multiple rubber elastic nodes to constrain the permanent magnet drive motor, and simulates the vibration boundary of the permanent magnet drive motor through electromagnetic excitation.

[0019] 2. The permanent magnet direct drive hollow shaft transmission system electromechanical coupling mechanism comprehensive test bench of the present invention, the torsional modal frequency of the hollow shaft transmission mechanism with adjustable torsional vibration mode is adjustable. Based on the needs of electromechanical coupling mechanism research, it is necessary to change the torsional modal frequency of the hollow shaft system. The present invention realizes the adjustable torsional vibration mode of the hollow shaft transmission mechanism by adjusting the coupling type, structure and geometric dimensions of the hollow shaft flywheel.

[0020] 3. The permanent magnet direct drive hollow shaft transmission system electromechanical coupling mechanism comprehensive test bench of the present invention realizes non-contact and high-precision measurement of torsional vibration parameters of the transmission hollow shaft by setting a speed test mechanism. The contact measurement method of the traditional photoelectric encoder may cause the change of the torsional modal frequency of the hollow shaft, which is not conducive to the study of the electromechanical coupling mechanism. To this end, the present invention measures the hollow shaft speed pulse signal through the grating code disk and the photoelectric sensor, and the fluctuation speed curve can be obtained through counting processing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a comprehensive test bench for the electromechanical coupling mechanism of a permanent magnet direct-drive hollow shaft transmission system.

[0022] Figure 2 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of the motor mounting base under test.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the transmission hollow shaft speed test mechanism.

[0024] Figure 4 This is the principle block diagram of the control system.

[0025] Among them, 1. Base; 2. Tested motor mounting base; 3. Permanent magnet drive motor; 4. Motor support base; 5. Electromagnetic exciter; 6. Transmission hollow shaft; 7. Load motor base; 8. Load motor; 9. Dynamic torque sensor; 10. Sensor mounting base; 11. Flywheel; 12. Grating code disk; 13. Photoelectric sensor 14. Coupling; 15. Force transmission shaft; 16. Rubber elastic node. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0027] like Figure 1~Figure 4 As shown, the present invention provides a comprehensive test bench for the electromechanical coupling mechanism of a permanent magnet direct-drive hollow shaft transmission system, which includes a mechanical system and a control system; the mechanical system includes an elastic constraint mechanism of a drive motor arranged on the upper end surface of a base 1, a vibration boundary simulation mechanism of a drive motor, a hollow shaft transmission mechanism with adjustable torsional vibration mode, and a bogie running resistance torque characteristic simulation mechanism.

[0028] The elastic constraint mechanism of the driving motor includes a motor mounting seat 2 under test, and the motor mounting seat 2 under test includes a horizontal mounting plate and a vertical mounting plate. The lower end face of the horizontal mounting plate is connected to the upper end face of the base 1 through multiple electromagnetic exciters 5; multiple motor support seats 4 and permanent magnet driving motors 3 are arranged on the inner side face of the vertical mounting plate, and multiple motor support seats 4 are fixedly connected to the rear side of the permanent magnet driving motor 3 through rubber elastic nodes 16; the real installation scene of the permanent magnet driving motor 3 on the frame is simulated. Specifically, the permanent magnet driving motor 3 is a normal motor or a faulty motor.

[0029] The driving motor vibration boundary simulation mechanism includes multiple electromagnetic exciters 5, and the multiple electromagnetic exciters 5 are arranged between the lower end surface of the horizontal mounting plate and the upper end surface of the base 1; in the driving motor vibration boundary simulation mechanism, the excitation amplitude, frequency and phase between the electromagnetic exciters 5 can be controlled by the control system, and the vibration service boundary characteristics of the permanent magnet driving motor 3 can be reproduced to a certain extent, such as wheel polygon excitation, wheel flat scar excitation, long-wave track unevenness excitation, etc., to truly simulate the vibration boundary of the permanent magnet driving motor 3 on the frame.

[0030] The hollow shaft transmission mechanism with adjustable torsional vibration mode includes a transmission hollow shaft 6, one end of which is connected to the output end of the permanent magnet drive motor 3 through a coupling 14, and the other end is connected to the bogie running resistance torque characteristic simulation mechanism through the coupling 14; by adjusting the type and structure of the coupling 14, the torsional stiffness damping coefficient of the coupling 14 can be adjusted, thereby realizing the adjustable torsional vibration mode of the hollow shaft transmission mechanism.

[0031] The bogie running resistance torque characteristic simulation mechanism includes a load motor seat 7 arranged on the upper end surface of the base 1, and a load motor 8 is arranged on the load motor seat 7, and the output end of the load motor 8 is connected to the other end of the transmission hollow shaft 6 through a coupling 14 and a power transmission shaft 15; a dynamic torque sensor 9 is arranged on the power transmission shaft 15, and a sensor mounting seat 10 is arranged below the dynamic torque sensor 9, and the bottom of the sensor mounting seat 10 is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the base 1; in the bogie running resistance torque characteristic simulation mechanism, the output electromagnetic torque of the load motor 8 is controlled by the control system to realize the simulation of the bogie running resistance torque, and the train wind resistance is truly simulated.

[0032] The control system includes a control system and a data acquisition system; the control system includes a controller and a power amplifier, a first frequency converter, and a second frequency converter electrically connected to the controller; the first frequency converter and the second frequency converter are electrically connected to the permanent magnet drive motor 3 and the load asynchronous motor respectively; the power amplifier is connected to a plurality of electromagnetic exciters 5; The data acquisition system includes a data acquisition device electrically connected to the controller and a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a vibration acceleration sensor, a rotation speed sensor, and a temperature sensor electrically connected to the data acquisition device; the voltage sensor, the current sensor, the vibration acceleration sensor, the rotation speed sensor, and the temperature sensor are respectively arranged on the permanent magnet drive motor 3 and the load asynchronous motor; the dynamic torque sensor 9 is electrically connected to the data acquisition device.

[0033] The test process of the comprehensive test bench for electromechanical coupling mechanism of permanent magnet direct drive hollow shaft transmission system is as follows: Step 1: setting the target speed, load torque of the permanent magnet drive motor 3, and the excitation amplitude, phase, and frequency of the electromagnetic exciter 5 in the controller; Step 2: The controller sends a control signal to the first frequency converter, the second frequency converter, and the power amplifier; Step 3, sending a control signal through the first frequency converter to make the permanent magnet drive motor 3 run at a specified speed, sending a control signal through the second frequency converter to make the load motor 8 run at a specified torque, and sending a control signal through the power amplifier to make the electromagnetic exciter 5 excite according to the instruction; Step 4: The data collector collects signals such as the voltage, current, vibration acceleration, temperature, rotor speed of the permanent magnet drive motor 3 and the load motor 8, and the speed and torque of the transmission hollow shaft 6, and transmits them to the controller for feedback adjustment.

[0034] Step 5: Explore the electromechanical coupling mechanism of the permanent magnet direct-drive hollow shaft transmission system by analyzing and processing the vibration, speed, current, and voltage signals.

[0035] Furthermore, a flywheel 11 is arranged on the middle shaft section of the transmission hollow shaft 6. By adjusting the geometrical dimensions of the flywheel 11, the overall inertia of the hollow shaft can be adjusted, so that the torsional vibration mode of the hollow shaft transmission mechanism can be adjusted.

[0036] Furthermore, the flywheel 11 is provided with a speed test mechanism electrically connected to the data collector. The torsional vibration of the transmission hollow shaft 6 is a typical form of electromechanical coupling vibration of the permanent magnet direct drive hollow shaft transmission system, and its testing is an important issue. Commercial photoelectric encoders are the main means of measuring the torsional vibration of the shaft system. However, the photoelectric encoder often needs to be installed on the shaft, which belongs to a contact measurement method, which may cause the change of the torsional modal frequency of the hollow shaft, which is not conducive to the study of the electromechanical coupling mechanism. In order to solve this problem, the speed test mechanism in the present invention is a non-contact speed measurement mechanism. Specifically, the speed test mechanism includes a grating code disk 12 pasted on the outer wall of the circumference of the flywheel 11 and a photoelectric sensor 13 arranged on one side of the grating code disk 12, and the photoelectric sensor 13 is electrically connected to the data collector. The cylindrical surface of the flywheel 11 is affixed with a grating code disk 12. Since the diameter of the flywheel 11 is larger than the diameter of the transmission hollow shaft 6, the grating in the grating code disk 12 can be made very dense, and the denser the grating, the higher the speed resolution. When the hollow shaft 6 is driven, the speed pulse signal is measured by the photoelectric sensor 13, and the fluctuating speed curve can be obtained through counting processing. The main frequency component of the torsional vibration can be obtained by Fourier analysis.

[0037] In summary, compared with the existing motor drive control test bench of the towing type, the permanent magnet direct drive hollow shaft transmission system electromechanical coupling mechanism comprehensive test bench of the present invention has a more complete consideration of the boundary of the permanent magnet drive motor 3. A plurality of rubber elastic nodes 16 are used to constrain the permanent magnet drive motor 3, simulating the actual installation scenario of the permanent magnet drive motor 3 on the frame; the vibration of the permanent magnet drive motor 3 is simulated by the electromagnetic exciter 5 to simulate the vibration boundary of the permanent magnet drive motor 3 on the frame, and the load motor 8 outputs electromagnetic torque to the transmission hollow shaft 6 to simulate the running resistance torque of the bogie, and truly simulate the wind resistance of the train; the electromechanical coupling mechanism of the permanent magnet direct drive hollow shaft transmission system can be better explored under different working conditions, thereby providing support for the design of related bogies.

Claims

1. A comprehensive test bench for electromechanical coupling mechanism of a permanent magnet direct-drive hollow shaft transmission system, characterized in that: Including mechanical systems and control systems; The mechanical system includes a drive motor elastic constraint mechanism arranged on the upper end surface of the base, a drive motor vibration boundary simulation mechanism, a hollow shaft transmission mechanism with adjustable torsional vibration mode, and a bogie running resistance torque characteristic simulation mechanism; The elastic constraint mechanism of the driving motor includes a motor mounting seat to be tested, and the motor mounting seat to be tested includes a horizontal mounting plate and a vertical mounting plate, and the lower end surface of the horizontal mounting plate is connected to the upper end surface of the base through a plurality of electromagnetic exciters; a plurality of motor support seats and a permanent magnet driving motor are arranged on the inner side surface of the vertical mounting plate, and the plurality of motor support seats are fixedly connected to the rear side of the permanent magnet driving motor through a rubber elastic node; The driving motor vibration boundary simulation mechanism comprises a plurality of electromagnetic exciters, and the plurality of electromagnetic exciters are arranged between the lower end surface of the horizontal mounting plate and the upper end surface of the base; The hollow shaft transmission mechanism with adjustable torsional vibration mode comprises a transmission hollow shaft, one end of which is connected to the output end of the permanent magnet drive motor through a coupling, and the other end of which is connected to the bogie running resistance torque characteristic simulation mechanism through a coupling; The bogie running resistance torque characteristic simulation mechanism comprises a load motor seat arranged on the upper end surface of the base, the load motor seat is provided with a load motor, the output end of the load motor is connected to the other end of the transmission hollow shaft through a coupling and a force transmission shaft; a dynamic torque sensor is arranged on the force transmission shaft, a sensor mounting seat is arranged below the dynamic torque sensor, and the bottom of the sensor mounting seat is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the base; The control system includes a control system and a data acquisition system; the control system includes a controller and a power amplifier electrically connected to the controller, a first frequency converter, and a second frequency converter; the first frequency converter and the second frequency converter are electrically connected to the permanent magnet drive motor and the load asynchronous motor respectively; the power amplifier is connected to a plurality of electromagnetic exciters; The data acquisition system includes a data acquisition device electrically connected to a controller and a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a vibration acceleration sensor, a rotation speed sensor, and a temperature sensor electrically connected to the data acquisition device; the voltage sensor, the current sensor, the vibration acceleration sensor, the rotation speed sensor, and the temperature sensor are respectively arranged on the permanent magnet drive motor and the load asynchronous motor; the dynamic torque sensor is electrically connected to the data acquisition device.

2. The electromechanical coupling mechanism comprehensive test bench of the permanent magnet direct drive hollow shaft transmission system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A flywheel is arranged on the middle shaft section of the transmission hollow shaft.

3. The electromechanical coupling mechanism comprehensive test bench of the permanent magnet direct drive hollow shaft transmission system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The flywheel is provided with a rotation speed testing mechanism which is electrically connected to the data collector.

4. The electromechanical coupling mechanism comprehensive test bench of the permanent magnet direct drive hollow shaft transmission system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The rotation speed testing mechanism includes a grating code disk pasted on the outer wall of the flywheel circumference and a photoelectric sensor arranged on one side of the grating code disk, and the photoelectric sensor is electrically connected to the data collector.

5. The electromechanical coupling mechanism comprehensive test bench of the permanent magnet direct drive hollow shaft transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The permanent magnet drive motor is a normal motor or a faulty motor.

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