Friction energy tester and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a friction energy tester and a method. The friction energy tester comprises a friction device, a workbench, an air heater, a hot air box, a camera and a gas measurement sensor, the friction device is arranged on a base on the top face of the workbench and comprises a rack, an eccentric cam connecting rod mechanism, a servo motor, a bracket, a porcelain plate, a connecting frame, a balancing weight, a weight arm, a weight and a porcelain rod. The hot-air blower is arranged on the lower layer of the workbench and is connected with the air inlet pipe and the hot-air pipe, and the hot-air pipe extends upwards to be communicated to the hot-air box and is used for controlling the test temperature of the sample; the gas measuring sensor is arranged at an air outlet of the hot air box; the camera can observe the state of the sample; observing through a camera, judging a test end point through a gas measurement sensor, and calculating the friction energy of the sample according to a friction energy conversion formula after the test is finished. According to the invention, the friction energy test of explosives and powders in the propellant fields of energetic materials, slurry, tablets and the like can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of testing friction energy of explosives such as energetic materials, medicine slurries, and tablets in the field of solid propellants, and relates to a friction energy tester and method, which can identify, classify and conduct safety assessment on solid propellants and process materials prepared with new materials, new processes, new formulas and new methods. Background Art

[0002] Solid propellants and process materials have the characteristics of high energy, high risk, and high mechanical sensitivity. In the process of scientific research, trial production, production, and application, friction between materials, between materials and equipment, and between tooling will inevitably occur to a greater or lesser extent, which may cause unpredictable explosion accidents due to the instantaneous accumulation of energy. In particular, solid propellants and process materials involving new materials, new processes, new formulas, and new methods must be tested for friction energy to determine whether the materials are too dangerous to be produced and transported in the state at the time of the test.

[0003] At present, relevant research on the test device and method of friction sensitivity of explosives has been carried out at home and abroad, including Kozlov friction pendulum, BAM friction meter, ABL friction meter, etc. Kozlov friction pendulum is composed of a body, a hydraulic press and a pendulum. During the test, the sample is placed between two top columns. The top column is pushed out of the top column sleeve by the hydraulic press through the top rod and compressed with a certain pressure. Then a pendulum of a certain mass is dropped from a certain starting angle and hits the horizontal strike rod. The strike rod pushes the upper top column to make the sample rubbed and observe whether the sample explodes. GJB 770B-2005 method 602.1 (GJB 772A-1997 method 602.1) is based on Kozlov friction pendulum method and is suitable for testing the friction sensitivity of solid and slurry gunpowder and explosives. The BAM friction meter used in Europe is composed of a base and a friction device. The friction device includes a fixed porcelain rod and a movable porcelain plate. The sample is placed on the porcelain plate, and the porcelain plate reciprocates forward and backward under the porcelain rod. The load device has a weight arm with 6 slots for hanging weights. Different weights are hung in different slots to form different loads on the porcelain rod to observe whether the sample explodes. The ABL friction tester used in the United States is composed of a platform, a hydraulic press, a fixed wheel and a pendulum. The sample is evenly spread on the platform according to a certain area, the fixed wheel is lowered to contact the sample, a certain pressure is applied to the sample through the hydraulic press, and then the pendulum is dropped to hit the platform to make the platform slide to observe whether the sample explodes.

[0004] The above-mentioned friction sensitivity test device and method reflect to a certain extent the difficulty of combustion and explosion of explosives under the action of friction. However, it cannot quantitatively characterize the minimum energy of combustion or explosion of explosives under the action of friction. The friction energy tester and method of explosives have not yet been established, and the minimum combustion and explosion conditions of solid propellants and materials under the action of friction cannot be obtained. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a friction energy tester and method to solve the problems of the lack of existing solid propellant and process material friction energy testing devices and methods, and the inability to quantitatively characterize the problems. The present invention can realize the friction energy testing of explosives in the field of propellants such as energetic materials, slurries, and tablets.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve the above problems:

[0007] A friction energy tester comprises a friction device, a workbench, a hot air blower, a hot air box, a camera and a gas measurement sensor;

[0008] The friction device is arranged on a base on the top surface of the workbench, and includes a frame, an eccentric cam connecting rod mechanism, a servo motor, a bracket, a porcelain plate, a connecting frame, a counterweight, a weight arm, a weight and a porcelain rod; the eccentric cam connecting rod mechanism is installed on the frame, and the servo motor is used to drive the eccentric cam connecting rod mechanism, the eccentric cam connecting rod mechanism is connected to the bracket, a porcelain plate is arranged on the bracket, a sample can be placed on the porcelain plate, a transparent hot air box is arranged on the periphery of the porcelain plate, and the servo motor can drive the eccentric cam connecting rod mechanism to drive the bracket and the porcelain plate to reciprocate left and right; the connecting frame is connected to the top of the frame through a rotating shaft, and the connection between the two is a rotating point, the counterweight and the weight arm are arranged at both ends of the connecting frame and are located on the left and right sides of the rotating point, the weight can be arranged on the weight arm, the porcelain rod is vertically installed on the connecting frame and is located between the rotating point and the weight, the lower end of the porcelain rod can be pressed on the top surface of the porcelain plate, and the weight can apply pressure to the porcelain rod so that it performs reciprocating friction on the sample on the porcelain plate;

[0009] The hot air blower is arranged at the lower layer of the workbench, the hot air blower is connected to the air inlet pipe and the hot air pipe, the hot air pipe extends upward to the hot air box, and is used to control the test temperature of the sample; the gas measurement sensor is arranged at the air outlet of the hot air box; the camera can shoot the working area of ​​the porcelain rod and the porcelain plate, and is used to observe the state of the test sample; the test end point is determined by camera observation and gas measurement sensor, and the friction energy of the sample is calculated according to the friction energy conversion formula after the test.

[0010] The present invention also includes the following technical features:

[0011] Specifically, the base is made of cast steel.

[0012] Specifically, the porcelain plates and porcelain rods are both made of industrial white porcelain.

[0013] Specifically, the surface roughness of the ceramic plate is 9 μm-32 μm.

[0014] Specifically, the moving distance of the ceramic plate is 10 mm.

[0015] Specifically, the operating frequency of the bracket is 10-300 times / minute, which is remotely adjustable; the bracket is arranged on two guide rails for movement.

[0016] Specifically, the weight arm is provided with a plurality of slots for hanging weights; the weights are a plurality of standard weights of different masses, and the standard weights are hung in the slots of the weight arm through a ring and a hook, and different weights are hung in different slots, and the load formed on the porcelain rod is 5 to 360N.

[0017] Specifically, the hot air box is made of a 10 mm thick organic glass plate; hot air is introduced into the bottom of the hot air box for heating, and an air outlet is left on the upper right side, and the diameter of the air outlet is 20 mm.

[0018] Specifically, the outlet temperature of the hot air blower is between room temperature and 90°C, the temperature control accuracy is ±2°C, and the outlet pressure is 300 Pa.

[0019] The working method of the friction energy tester includes: powering on the system; empty vehicle test run; installing the material to be tested and turning on the hot air blower; loading the standard weight on the weight arm; remotely setting the operating frequency and inputting the loading force; starting the servo motor and starting the test; the computer collects the operating frequency and NO concentration in real time; when the NO concentration reaches the set value, the computer records the current real-time value; computer data analysis;

[0020] The calculation formula for friction energy is: Q=U×N×S, where U is the friction coefficient, N is the positive pressure loaded on the weight arm, and S is the relative displacement.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0022] (1) The present invention can quantitatively characterize the minimum energy of combustion or explosion of explosives under the action of friction.

[0023] (2) Based on the safety considerations of the solid propellant and process material friction energy test process, the present invention adopts a human-machine isolation remote operation mode.

[0024] (3) The friction energy testing device adopts an integrated design with a simple structure, a single process action and high overall reliability.

[0025] (4) The endpoint of the friction energy test is determined by combining camera observation with a gas measurement sensor to determine whether the sample is burning or exploding. The endpoint determination is highly accurate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the friction energy tester.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a side view of the friction energy tester.

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the friction device and weight arm.

[0029] The meaning of each number in the figure is:

[0030] 1. Hot air blower, 2. Air inlet pipe, 3. Workbench, 4. Base, 5. Eccentric cam connecting rod mechanism, 6. Frame, 7. Counterweight, 8. Connecting frame, 9. Ceramic rod, 10. Weight arm, 11. Weight, 12. Servo motor, 13. Hot air pipe, 14. Rotating shaft, 15. Bracket, 16. Ceramic plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention provides a friction energy tester and method, which are conceived from the following aspects: First, the friction energy tester of the present invention adopts a human-machine isolation remote operation mode, and only needs to manually load the standard weight on the weight arm before the test. The reciprocating movement of the porcelain plate is driven by an explosion-proof servo motor. There is no one on site during the test, and the safety risk is relatively low; Second, the friction energy tester is based on the "GBT 21567-2008 Dangerous Goods and Explosives Impact Sensitivity Test Method" and the BAM friction sensitivity meter principle, and is designed according to the needs. The porcelain plate is driven to reciprocate by the servo motor, and a certain positive pressure is applied to the porcelain rod at the same time, so that it reciprocates and rubs the sample, finds out the law of the sample's response to friction, obtains the minimum energy for reaction or change, and thus obtains its lowest combustion and explosion conditions; Third, the endpoint judgment of the friction energy tester adopts a combination of camera observation and gas measurement sensor to jointly judge whether the sample is burning or exploding, thereby improving the accuracy of the endpoint judgment.

[0032] The specific embodiments of the present invention are given below. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments. All equivalent changes made on the basis of the technical solution of this application fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The friction energy tester of the present invention is remotely operated with human-machine isolation. The reciprocating motion of the ceramic plate is driven by a servo motor. The endpoint is determined by camera observation and gas measurement sensor. No one is present on site during the test.

[0033] Embodiment 1:

[0034] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a friction energy tester and method, the friction energy tester includes a friction device, a workbench 3, a hot air blower 1, a hot air box, a camera, a gas measurement sensor and a computer.

[0035] The friction device is arranged on a base 4 on the top surface of the workbench 3. The base 4 is made of cast steel and has a size of 410 mm×200 mm×50 mm.

[0036] The friction device includes a frame 6, an eccentric cam connecting rod mechanism 5, a servo motor 12, a bracket 15, a ceramic plate 16, a connecting frame 8, a counterweight block 7, a weight arm 10, a weight 11 and a ceramic rod 9; the eccentric cam connecting rod mechanism 5 is installed on the frame 6, the servo motor 12 is used to drive the eccentric cam connecting rod mechanism 5, the eccentric cam connecting rod mechanism 5 is connected to the bracket 15, the ceramic plate 16 is arranged on the bracket 15, the sample can be placed on the ceramic plate 16, a transparent hot air box is arranged on the periphery of the ceramic plate 16, and the servo motor 12 can drive the eccentric cam connecting rod The mechanism 5 drives the bracket 15 and the porcelain plate 16 to move back and forth left and right; the connecting frame 8 is connected to the top of the frame 6 through the rotating shaft 14, and the connection between the two is the rotating point. The counterweight block 7 and the weight arm 10 are arranged at both ends of the connecting frame 8 and are located on the left and right sides of the rotating point. The weight 11 can be arranged on the weight arm 10. The porcelain rod 9 is vertically installed on the connecting frame 8 and is located between the rotating point and the weight 11. The lower end of the porcelain rod 9 can be pressed on the top surface of the porcelain plate 16, and the weight 11 can apply pressure to the porcelain rod 9, so that it rubs the sample on the porcelain plate 16 back and forth.

[0037] The hot air blower 1 is arranged at the lower layer of the workbench 3, and the hot air blower 1 is connected to the air inlet pipe 2 and the hot air pipe 13, and the hot air pipe 13 extends upward to the hot air box to control the test temperature of the sample; the gas measurement sensor is arranged at the air outlet of the hot air box; the camera can shoot the working area of ​​the porcelain rod 9 and the porcelain plate 16 to observe the state of the test sample; the test end point is determined by the camera observation and the gas measurement sensor, and the friction energy of the sample is calculated according to the friction energy conversion formula after the test. The computer of the present invention is used for integrated processing of test data.

[0038] The porcelain plate 16 and the porcelain rod 9 are both made of industrial white porcelain. The size of the porcelain plate 16 is 25mm×25mm×5mm, the surface roughness is 9μm-32μm, the moving distance (amplitude) of the porcelain plate 16 is 10mm, and the size of the porcelain rod 9 is 10mm in diameter and 15mm in length; the contact center of the porcelain rod 9 and the porcelain plate 16 is the friction point.

[0039] The operating frequency of the bracket 15 is measured in real time, and the position switch measures the reciprocating times of the tray. The operating frequency is 10-300 times / minute and can be adjusted remotely; the bracket 15 is set on two guide rails for movement.

[0040] The servo motor 12 and the eccentric cam connecting rod mechanism 5 have high control accuracy with a position feedback encoder and have remote control and speed regulation functions.

[0041] The weight arm 10 on the right side of the connecting frame 8 is 700 mm long, and the horizontal distance from the rotation point to the friction point is 29 mm. The counterweight block 7 is installed at the left end of the connecting frame 8 to balance the torque on both sides. When the weight 11 is not added, the torque at the friction point is zero.

[0042] The weight arm 10 is provided with 6 notches, and the horizontal distances between the notches and the friction points of the porcelain rod 9 and the porcelain plate 16 are 110 mm, 160 mm, 210 mm, 260 mm, 310 mm and 360 mm respectively.

[0043] The weights 11 are 9 standard weights 11 of different masses, and the standard weights 11 are hung in the slots of the weight arm 10 with a ring and a hook. Different weights 11 are hung in different slots, and the loads formed on the porcelain rod 9 are: 5-10-20-40-60-80-120-160-240-360 Newtons.

[0044] The porcelain plate 16 is installed in the hot air box, which is made of a 10mm thick organic glass plate to facilitate camera observation. Hot air is introduced into the bottom of the hot air box for heating, and an air outlet is left on the upper right side; the diameter of the air outlet is 20mm, and a gas measurement sensor is installed at the air outlet to measure the change of gas concentration and determine whether the tablets are burning or exploding.

[0045] The hot air blower 1 uses equipment that meets industry standards. The outlet temperature of the hot air blower 1 is room temperature ~ 90°C, the temperature control accuracy is ±2°C, and the outlet pressure is 300pa.

[0046] The nitric oxide gas detection sensor is an imported programmable concentration sensor with a measuring range of 0-300mpp.

[0047] The workbench 3, camera and computer are all equipment that meet the industry standards, and the materials of the remaining components that are in contact with the test are all made of copper, 304 stainless steel metal or high polymer materials with good compatibility.

[0048] According to the above workflow, the testing method of this device is as follows:

[0049] (1) Power on the system;

[0050] (2) Empty vehicle test run;

[0051] (3) Install the material to be tested and turn on the hot air blower;

[0052] (4) Loading standard weights on the weight arm;

[0053] (5) Remotely set the operating frequency and input the loading force;

[0054] (6) Start the servo motor and start testing;

[0055] (7) Computer collects operating frequency and NO concentration in real time;

[0056] (8) When the NO concentration reaches the set value, the computer records the current real-time value;

[0057] (9) Computer data analysis.

[0058] The calculation method of friction energy is as follows: Calculate the friction energy of the sample according to the friction energy conversion formula Q = U × N × S;

[0059] Among them, U: friction coefficient, which is taken as 3.0 according to the national standard data value; N: positive pressure loaded on the weight arm, weight value; S: relative displacement, calculated according to the operating frequency.

[0060] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present invention, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0061] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0062] In addition, various embodiments of the present invention may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A friction energy tester, characterized in that: It includes a friction device, a workbench (3), a hot air blower (1), a hot air box, a camera and a gas measurement sensor; The friction device is arranged on a base (4) on the top surface of a workbench (3), and comprises a frame (6), an eccentric cam connecting rod mechanism (5), a servo motor (12), a bracket (15), a ceramic plate (16), a connecting frame (8), a counterweight (7), a weight arm (10), a weight (11) and a ceramic rod (9); the eccentric cam connecting rod mechanism (5) is installed on the frame (6), the servo motor (12) is used to drive the eccentric cam connecting rod mechanism (5), the eccentric cam connecting rod mechanism (5) is connected to the bracket (15), a ceramic plate (16) is arranged on the bracket (15), a sample can be placed on the ceramic plate (16), a transparent hot air box is arranged on the periphery of the ceramic plate (16), and ... 12) can drive the eccentric cam connecting rod mechanism (5) to drive the bracket (15) and the ceramic plate (16) to move back and forth left and right; the connecting frame (8) is connected to the top of the frame (6) through the rotating shaft (14), and the connection between the two is the rotation point. The counterweight block (7) and the weight arm (10) are arranged at both ends of the connecting frame (8) and are located on the left and right sides of the rotation point. The weight (11) can be arranged on the weight arm (10), and the porcelain rod (9) is vertically installed on the connecting frame (8) and is located between the rotation point and the weight (11). The lower end of the porcelain rod (9) can be pressed on the top surface of the porcelain plate (16), and the weight (11) can apply pressure to the porcelain rod (9) so that it rubs the sample on the porcelain plate (16) back and forth; The hot air blower (1) is arranged at the lower layer of the workbench (3), the hot air blower (1) is connected to the air inlet pipe (2) and the hot air pipe (13), the hot air pipe (13) extends upward to be connected to the hot air box, and is used to control the test temperature of the sample; the gas measurement sensor is arranged at the air outlet of the hot air box; the camera can take pictures of the working area of ​​the porcelain rod (9) and the porcelain plate (16), and is used to observe the state of the test sample; the test end point is determined by camera observation and gas measurement sensor, and the friction energy of the sample is calculated according to the friction energy conversion formula after the test is completed.

2. The friction energy tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (4) is made of cast steel.

3. The friction energy tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porcelain plate (16) and the porcelain rod (9) are both made of industrial white porcelain.

4. The friction energy tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface roughness of the ceramic plate (16) is 9 μm-32 μm.

5. The friction energy tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving distance of the ceramic plate (16) is 10 mm.

6. The friction energy tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating frequency of the bracket (15) is 10-300 times / minute and can be adjusted remotely; the bracket (15) is arranged on two guide rails for movement.

7. The friction energy tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight arm (10) is provided with a plurality of notches for hanging weights (11); the weights (11) are a plurality of standard weights (11) of different masses, and the standard weights (11) are hung in the notches of the weight arm (10) through a ring and a hook. Different weights (11) are hung in different notches, and the load formed on the porcelain rod (9) is 5 to 360N.

8. The friction energy tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hot air box is made of a 10mm thick organic glass plate; hot air is introduced into the bottom of the hot air box for heating, and an air outlet is left on the upper right side, and the diameter of the air outlet is 20mm.

9. The friction energy tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet temperature of the hot air blower (1) is between room temperature and 90°C, the temperature control accuracy is ±2°C, and the outlet pressure is 300 Pa.

10. The working method of the friction energy tester according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Power on the system; test run with an empty vehicle; install the material to be tested and start the hot air blower; Load the standard weight on the weight arm; Remotely set the operating frequency and input the loading force; Start the servo motor and start the test; the computer collects the operating frequency and NO concentration in real time; when the NO concentration reaches the set value, the computer records the current real-time value; computer data analysis; The calculation formula for friction energy is: Q=U×N×S, where U is the friction coefficient, N is the positive pressure loaded on the weight arm, and S is the relative displacement.

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