Dry land self-sustaining type soil remediation device, using method and processing method of evaporation disc

Abstract

The invention provides a dry land self-sustaining type soil remediation device, a using method and a processing method of an evaporation pan. The dry land self-sustaining type soil remediation device comprises a fixing cylinder, the evaporation pan, a capillary water guide cylinder and an adsorption box are sequentially arranged in the fixing cylinder from top to bottom, the adsorption box is filled with an adsorbent, and an inclined opening is formed in the bottom of the fixing cylinder and used for being inserted into soil; under the irradiation of sunlight, the evaporation disc absorbs heat to evaporate water and generate transpiration suction, so that the capillary water guide barrel is driven to continuously supply water upwards, and in the water evaporation process, a soil solution containing heavy metal pollutants is adsorbed by an adsorbent through the adsorption box, so that the purpose of repairing soil is achieved. A new path is provided for remediation of the dry land heavy metal contaminated soil; the solar evaporation surface disc of the device is formed by sintering fly ash, and the solid waste fly ash is recycled, so that the device is low-carbon and environment-friendly; the device is suitable for remediation of various heavy metal contaminated soil and is wide in application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of environmental treatment, in particular to a dryland self-sustaining soil remediation device and a use method thereof, and a processing method of an evaporation plate. Background Art

[0002] Among inorganic soil pollution, heavy metal pollution is the most prominent. The reason for the pollution is that the microorganisms in the soil cannot effectively decompose heavy metals. On the basis of the continuous increase in accumulation, they are converted into methyl compounds, which are highly toxic. At the same time, once people ingest such heavy metals, it will seriously affect their physical and mental health. Common heavy metal pollution elements include mercury, cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, arsenic, nickel, iron, manganese, zinc, etc. Among them, zinc is the most common. Once these toxins invade the soil, they will react chemically with the inorganic and organic matter inside it. If the new substances produced cannot continue to decompose in the soil, they will gradually accumulate and eventually change the properties of the soil. When these substances are absorbed by plants and then ingested by the human body, they will threaten human health. Some heavy metals will be converted into alkyl compounds, which will cause greater harm.

[0003] At present, the methods for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil include more traditional physical and chemical methods, such as adding modifiers, electric power and leaching, as well as biological methods such as phytoremediation. The main physical engineering measures include soil removal, soil replacement, removal of topsoil, foreign soil and deep tillage. The repair construction volume of soil removal, soil replacement, removal of topsoil and foreign soil is large, and there is a problem of handling contaminated soil. Chemical remediation is to select appropriate chemical remediation agents (such as modifiers, precipitants, solubilizers, etc.) according to the properties of soil and heavy metals, and add them to the soil to reduce the biological effectiveness of heavy metals through adsorption, oxidation-reduction, precipitation and extraction of heavy metals. However, this remediation method often has high energy consumption and is easy to introduce new pollutants. Phytoremediation is a pollution control technology based on the theory of plant enrichment of chemical elements and the use of plants to remove pollutants in the natural environment. Although it has the advantages of low cost and good social and ecological benefits, it often has a long cycle and the remediation efficiency is also a limiting factor. In addition, for dryland soils, the water content in the soil is often low and the migration of heavy metals is slow, which further limits the application scope of common soil remediation technologies. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a dryland self-sustaining soil remediation device and a use method and an evaporation plate processing method to solve the problems in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: comprising a fixed cylinder, wherein an evaporation disk, a capillary water guide cylinder and an adsorption box are arranged in sequence from top to bottom in the fixed cylinder, the adsorption box is filled with an adsorbent, and an oblique opening is arranged at the bottom of the fixed cylinder for inserting into the soil; Under the sunlight, the evaporation plate absorbs heat to evaporate water, generating transpiration suction, thereby driving the capillary water guide tube to continuously supply water upward. During the evaporation process, the soil solution containing heavy metal pollutants passes through the adsorption box and is adsorbed by the adsorbent, thereby achieving the purpose of soil repair.

[0006] Preferably, a lower mounting platform and an upper mounting platform are provided in the fixing cylinder, the top peripheral side of the capillary water guide cylinder is fixed to the upper mounting platform by bolts, and the peripheral side of the adsorption box is fixed to the lower mounting platform by bolts.

[0007] Preferably, a pressure ring is provided at the end of the fixed cylinder, the bottom of the evaporation plate abuts against the capillary water guide cylinder, and the pressure ring is connected to the fixed cylinder by bolts to press the evaporation plate to fix it on the capillary water guide cylinder.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of capillaries are provided in the middle of the capillary water guide cylinder, capillary pore plates are provided at both ends of the capillary tubes, and the capillary pore plates at both ends are respectively against the evaporation plate and the adsorption box.

[0009] Preferably, a cover plate is fixedly provided at the end of the adsorption box, through holes are provided on the bottom and the cover plate of the adsorption box, and the bottom and the cover plate of the adsorption box are covered with water-permeable non-woven fabric.

[0010] Preferably, handles are fixedly provided at both ends of the top of the fixing tube.

[0011] Preferably, the evaporation plate has a loose porous structure, and the end surface of the evaporation plate is provided with a black solar heat-absorbing coating.

[0012] Preferably, the capillary is a capillary glass tube or a stainless steel capillary tube with an inner diameter of 0.5 mm.

[0013] A method for processing an evaporation plate in a dryland self-sustaining soil remediation device, the method steps are as follows: S1. Pretreatment: Select appropriate fly ash as raw material, wash the fly ash with water to remove some soluble salts, and then dry it at a certain temperature to remove moisture; S2. Ultrafine treatment: Process fly ash into ultrafine powder by ball milling or other mechanical methods to obtain fly ash with a particle size of 3.0~3.5μm to improve its reactivity; S3, modification treatment: mixing fly ash with acidic substances to corrode the glassy amorphous structure on the surface of fly ash, promote the dissolution of acid-soluble substances, widen the pore structure, increase the specific surface area and reaction activity of fly ash, and then use alkaline substances to react with silicon and aluminum species in fly ash at 30°C for 1 hour to form a pore structure in situ on the surface, thereby improving the properties of fly ash carrier; S4, mixed molding: the modified fly ash and metal nickel powder are mixed in a ratio of 1:0.5, and a disc is formed by mechanical extrusion; S5, sintering: sintering the mixed disc in a muffle furnace, gradually raising the heating temperature from 5°C / min to 1100°C, calcining at 1100°C for 1h, and then cooling to room temperature under indoor conditions to obtain a formed disc; S6. Deposition of solar absorption layer: Place the formed disc in a cathode arc ion plating system with a target material of Ti / Al alloy. Pump the pressure of the plating system chamber to 7×10−3Pa and set the temperature to 250°C to desorb the original gas in the chamber. After desorption, introduce oxygen and nitrogen into the chamber simultaneously for electrodeposition to uniformly deposit a TiAlON coating layer on the formed disc to obtain an evaporation disc for solar evaporation.

[0014] A method for using a dryland self-sustaining soil remediation device, the method is as follows: Detect the heavy metal content in the soil to be repaired, and fill the corresponding adsorbents required to remove the heavy metals into the adsorption box in sequence to complete the assembly of the device; The dry land soil to be repaired is leveled, stones and tiles are removed, and large impurities are removed. The repair devices are arranged in a matrix, with a spacing of 50 cm between each repair device; Before installing the repair device, remove 10 cm of floating soil to expose the internal soil, and then insert the repair device into the internal soil so that the adsorption box in the repair device contacts the soil; Monitor soil moisture content and keep it at around 20% by watering; Take out the remediation device every other month and replace the adsorbent in its adsorption box. Monitor the changes in heavy metal content in the soil every month and determine the remediation cycle based on the soil remediation situation.

[0015] The present invention provides a dryland self-sustaining soil remediation device and a use method and an evaporation plate processing method, with the following beneficial effects: 1. It provides a new path for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil in drylands; 2. The device uses the solar evaporation disk to provide transpiration pull during the day, amplifies the natural capillary action, and absorbs heavy metals in the polluted soil. At night, it absorbs heavy metals in the polluted soil through free diffusion, with low energy consumption and easy maintenance. 3. The solar evaporation plate of the device is sintered from fly ash, which recycles fly ash, a solid waste, and is low-carbon and environmentally friendly; 4. The device is suitable for the remediation of various heavy metal contaminated soils and has a wide range of applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 It is an axial side view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 The present invention Figure 1 Exploded view of; Figure 3 It is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 4 The present invention Figure 3 Middle AA section view; Figure 5 The present invention Figure 4 Exploded view of; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the present invention inserted into soil; In the figure: fixed cylinder 1; oblique mouth 101; lower mounting platform 102; upper mounting platform 103; evaporation plate 2; pressure ring 3; handle 4; capillary water guide cylinder 5; capillary tube 501; capillary hole plate 502; adsorption box 6; cover plate 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a dryland self-sustaining soil remediation device comprises a fixed cylinder 1, in which an evaporation plate 2, a capillary water guide cylinder 5 and an adsorption box 6 are arranged from top to bottom, and the adsorption box 6 is filled with an adsorbent. The bottom of the fixed cylinder 1 is provided with an oblique opening 101 for inserting into the soil; 3 to 6 disc-type adsorbents can be installed in the adsorption box, and the number of adsorbents and the type of adsorbents can be set and replaced according to different heavy metal contaminated soil remediation types.

[0018] Under the sunlight, the evaporation plate 2 absorbs heat to evaporate water, generating transpiration suction, thereby driving the capillary water guide tube 5 to continuously supply water upward. During the evaporation of water, the soil solution containing heavy metal pollutants passes through the adsorption box 6 and is adsorbed by the adsorbent, thereby achieving the purpose of soil repair. The dry land self-sustaining soil repair device is used to repair heavy metal contaminated soil, using solar energy for energy supply, without the need to provide energy, saving costs, and being safe and environmentally friendly.

[0019] The evaporation plate 2 absorbs heat under sunlight, causing water to be extracted from the soil and evaporate. This process imitates the principle of plant transpiration, converting heat energy into kinetic energy to cause water molecules to move upward. The capillary water guide 5 uses the capillary phenomenon, that is, the spontaneous upward or downward tendency of liquid in a narrow space, to guide the water in the deep soil to the surface. As the water continues to evaporate, a continuous water lifting mechanism is formed.

[0020] The adsorbent filled in the adsorption box 6 can selectively bind to a specific type of heavy metal ions, thereby removing them from the soil solution. Depending on the pollution situation, the type and amount of the adsorbent can be adjusted to improve the remediation efficiency.

[0021] The fixing tube 1 and the bevel 101 at the bottom ensure that the device can be directly inserted into the soil layer to be repaired without being easily affected by the external environment. In addition, the operation of the entire system relies entirely on solar energy and does not require additional energy input, which not only reduces operating costs but also reduces the risk of secondary pollution to the environment.

[0022] Since the adsorption box can be installed with different types of adsorbents, it can be customized for repair according to the characteristics of specific pollutants, enhancing the ability to handle a variety of heavy metal pollution.

[0023] In summary, this soil remediation device provides a cost-effective, environmentally friendly and highly adaptable solution, especially suitable for arid areas or places where conventional energy supply is lacking. However, before actual application, some factors need to be considered, such as local climate conditions, soil type, degree of pollution, and long-term effect evaluation.

[0024] Preferably, a lower mounting platform 102 and an upper mounting platform 103 are provided in the fixed cylinder 1, the top peripheral side of the capillary water guide cylinder 5 is fixed to the upper mounting platform 103 by bolts, and the peripheral side of the adsorption box 6 is fixed to the lower mounting platform 102 by bolts.

[0025] A pressure ring 3 is provided at the end of the fixed cylinder 1 , and the bottom of the evaporation plate 2 abuts against the capillary water guide cylinder 5 . The pressure ring 3 is connected to the fixed cylinder 1 by bolts to press the evaporation plate 2 to be fixed on the capillary water guide cylinder 5 .

[0026] The upper mounting platform 103 and the lower mounting platform 102 provide fixed support points for the capillary water guide tube 5 and the adsorption box 6. The top periphery of the capillary water guide tube 5 is fixed to the upper mounting platform 103 by bolts, and the periphery of the adsorption box 6 is fixed to the lower mounting platform 102, which ensures the stability of each component during operation and facilitates disassembly and maintenance.

[0027] In order to ensure that the evaporation plate 2 can fit tightly on the capillary water guide tube 5, a pressure ring 3 is designed. It is connected to the end of the fixed tube 1 by bolts, and applies pressure to make the bottom of the evaporation plate 2 fit tightly against the capillary water guide tube 5, which not only increases the contact area between the two, but also ensures the sealing and efficiency during the evaporation process.

[0028] Modular design: Each component can be manufactured and tested independently, which is convenient for mass production and quality control. Easy maintenance: If a part has a problem, the corresponding module can be directly replaced without having to scrap the entire unit. Good sealing: Especially for the connection between the evaporation plate 2 and the capillary water guide 5, a good seal helps to improve the water evaporation effect and reduce energy loss. Stability and durability: The use of bolted connections increases the overall strength of the device, enabling it to operate stably for a long time in relatively harsh field environments.

[0029] Preferably, a plurality of capillaries 501 are disposed in the middle of the capillary water guide cylinder 5 , and capillary pore disks 502 are disposed at both ends of the capillary tubes 501 , and the capillary pore disks 502 at both ends abut against the evaporation disk 2 and the adsorption box 6 respectively.

[0030] The capillary 501 is a capillary glass tube with an inner diameter of 0.5 mm or a stainless steel capillary tube with an inner diameter of 0.5 mm arranged closely, and has a height of 10 cm to 20 cm.

[0031] Capillary tubes 501 These tiny capillaries are the core components of the entire system, responsible for guiding the water in the deep soil to the evaporation plate 2 through capillary action. Each capillary tube has an inner diameter of 0.5 mm and can be made of capillary glass tubes or stainless steel capillaries, and are closely arranged to ensure efficient water transmission. The height of the capillary water guide is set between 10 cm and 20 cm. This range ensures sufficient length to achieve a good capillary effect, but will not affect the overall structural stability and installation convenience of the device due to excessive length.

[0032] The capillary pore discs 502 located at both ends of the capillary water guide play a key role. They are respectively against the evaporation disc 2 and the adsorption box 6, ensuring that the water can flow out of the capillary tube evenly and enter the evaporation disc, and that the water is extracted from the soil solution and effectively purified when passing through the adsorption box.

[0033] Water rises: When the evaporation plate 2 absorbs heat, it causes the water in the capillary water guide tube 5 to rise along the capillary tube 501. This is because the capillary phenomenon allows the liquid to move upward spontaneously without external pumping. Water evaporation and transpiration suction: As the water reaches the evaporation plate 2, it evaporates there, generating transpiration suction, further enhancing the process of water being extracted from the soil. Pollutant adsorption: When the soil solution containing heavy metal pollutants passes through the adsorption box 6, the harmful substances in it will be captured by the adsorbent, thereby achieving the purpose of repairing the soil.

[0034] Preferably, a cover plate 7 is fixedly provided at the end of the adsorption box 6, through holes are provided on the bottom of the adsorption box 6 and the cover plate 7, and a water-permeable non-woven fabric is covered on the bottom of the adsorption box 6 and the cover plate 7. Handles 4 are fixedly provided at both ends of the top of the fixing tube 1.

[0035] The cover plate 7 is fixed to the end of the adsorption box 6, which not only provides a structural closure, but also ensures the circulation of water and soil solution through the through holes thereon. This design makes the adsorption process more efficient and facilitates the replacement or maintenance of the internal adsorbent. Through holes are provided on the bottom of the adsorption box 6 and the cover plate 7, which allow water and soil solution to enter and exit freely, ensuring that the adsorbent can fully contact and adsorb heavy metal pollutants. In addition, the design of the through holes helps to maintain good water flow dynamics and avoid clogging problems. The permeable non-woven fabric covering the bottom of the adsorption box 6 and the cover plate 7 plays a dual protective role: Filtering effect: prevent soil particles and other impurities from entering the interior of the adsorption box, and protect the adsorbent from being contaminated or damaged. Uniform distribution: helps to distribute water and soil solution more evenly on the surface of the adsorbent, thereby improving the adsorption efficiency.

[0036] The two ends of the top of the fixing tube 1 are fixed with handles 4 to improve the convenience of operation of the device. The user can easily lift or move the entire device through the handles, especially when the device needs to be inserted into the soil or taken out of the soil, the handles provide necessary gripping points and enhance the safety of use.

[0037] Design Advantages Example 2 A method for processing an evaporation plate in a dryland self-sustaining soil remediation device, the method steps are as follows: S1. Pretreatment: Select appropriate fly ash as raw material, wash the fly ash with water to remove some soluble salts, and then dry it at a certain temperature to remove moisture; S2. Ultrafine treatment: Process fly ash into ultrafine powder by ball milling or other mechanical methods to obtain fly ash with a particle size of 3.0~3.5μm to improve its reactivity; S3, modification treatment: fly ash is mixed with acidic substances (such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc.) to corrode the glassy amorphous structure on the surface of fly ash, promote the dissolution of acid-soluble substances, widen the pore structure, and increase the specific surface area and reaction activity of fly ash. Then, at 30°C, alkaline substances (such as sodium hydroxide) are used to react with silicon and aluminum species in fly ash for 1 hour to form a pore structure in situ on the surface, thereby improving the properties of fly ash carrier; S4, mixed molding: the modified fly ash and metal nickel powder (nickel powder with a particle size of 3.0-3.5 μm) are mixed in a ratio of 1:0.5, and a disc is formed by mechanical extrusion; S5, sintering: sintering the mixed disc in a muffle furnace, gradually raising the heating temperature from 5°C / min to 1100°C, calcining at 1100°C for 1h, and then cooling to room temperature under indoor conditions to obtain a formed disc; S6. Deposition of solar absorption layer: Place the formed disc in a cathode arc ion plating system with a target material of Ti / Al alloy. Pump the pressure of the plating system chamber to 7×10−3Pa and set the temperature to 250°C to desorb the original gas in the chamber. After desorption, introduce oxygen and nitrogen into the chamber simultaneously for electrodeposition to uniformly deposit a TiAlON coating layer on the formed disc to obtain an evaporation disc for solar evaporation.

[0038] After the above multi-step treatment, the evaporation disk has higher reactivity and stronger adsorption capacity, which can more effectively extract water from the soil solution and accelerate water evaporation. Through modification and high-temperature sintering, the evaporation disk has better durability and stability and can work stably for a long time in outdoor environments. The use of solar energy absorption coating allows the evaporation disk to work without consuming additional energy, which is in line with the concept of green and sustainable development.

[0039] Example 3 A method for using a dryland self-sustaining soil remediation device, the method is as follows: Detect the heavy metal content in the soil to be repaired, and fill the corresponding adsorbents required to remove the heavy metals into the adsorption box in sequence to complete the assembly of the device; The dry land soil to be repaired is leveled, stones and tiles are removed, and large impurities are removed. The repair devices are arranged in a matrix, with a spacing of 50 cm between each repair device; Before installing the repair device, remove 10 cm of floating soil to expose the internal soil, and then insert the repair device into the internal soil so that the adsorption box in the repair device contacts the soil; Monitor soil moisture content and keep it at around 20% by watering; Take out the remediation device every other month and replace the adsorbent in its adsorption box. Monitor the changes in heavy metal content in the soil every month and determine the remediation cycle based on the soil remediation situation.

[0040] The selection of the appropriate adsorbent according to the specific pollutants in the soil improves the remediation’s pertinence and effectiveness. The whole process is relatively simple and easy to implement, especially in areas with limited resources or poor technical conditions. The use of natural physical phenomena (such as evaporation and capillary action) and solar energy drive reduces dependence on external energy, which is in line with the concept of green and sustainable development. By regularly monitoring the soil condition, the plan can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual remediation effect to ensure the best remediation results.

[0041] Example 4 Experimental simulation of sunlight conditions for the remediation of simulated soil contaminated by heavy metals A heavy metal contaminated simulated soil was prepared, in which the cadmium content was 6 mg / kg, the lead content was 1000 mg / kg, and the copper content was 300 mg / kg.

[0042] Use tap water to keep the simulated soil humidity at 20%, select and fill the three heavy metal adsorption disks of cadmium, lead and copper in the adsorption box of the repair device, and then insert the repair device into the simulated soil. Use a xenon lamp with a light intensity of 1kW / ㎡ to simulate sunlight, and record the evaporation efficiency and heavy metal content during the operation of the device.

[0043] Experimental results: Under a simulated sunlight intensity of 1 kW / ㎡, the evaporation rate of the solar evaporation disk is 1.13 kg / ㎡•h. Within a period (6 months), the changes in the heavy metal content in the simulated soil are shown in the following table.

[0044]

[0045] The experimental results show that the dryland self-sustaining soil remediation device can effectively reduce the concentration of heavy metal pollutants in the soil.

[0046] The above embodiments are only preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dryland self-sustaining soil remediation device, characterized by: The fixed cylinder (1) comprises an evaporation plate (2), a capillary water guide cylinder (5) and an adsorption box (6) which are arranged in order from top to bottom. The adsorption box (6) is filled with an adsorbent. The bottom of the fixed cylinder (1) is provided with an oblique opening (101) for being inserted into the soil. Under the irradiation of sunlight, the evaporation plate (2) absorbs heat to evaporate water, generating transpiration suction, thereby driving the capillary water guide tube (5) to continuously supply water upward. During the evaporation of water, the soil solution containing heavy metal pollutants passes through the adsorption box (6) and is adsorbed by the adsorbent, thereby achieving the purpose of soil repair.

2. A dry land self-sustaining soil remediation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A lower mounting platform (102) and an upper mounting platform (103) are provided in the fixed cylinder (1); the top peripheral side of the capillary water guide cylinder (5) is fixed to the upper mounting platform (103) by bolts, and the peripheral side of the adsorption box (6) is fixed to the lower mounting platform (102) by bolts.

3. The dry land self-sustaining soil remediation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A pressing ring (3) is provided at the end of the fixed cylinder (1), the bottom of the evaporation plate (2) abuts against the capillary water guide cylinder (5), and the pressing ring (3) is connected to the fixed cylinder (1) by bolts, thereby pressing the evaporation plate (2) to be fixed on the capillary water guide cylinder (5).

4. The dry land self-sustaining soil remediation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of capillaries (501) are provided in the middle of the capillary water guide cylinder (5), and capillary pore disks (502) are provided at both ends of the capillary tubes (501). The capillary pore disks (502) at both ends are respectively abutted against the evaporation disk (2) and the adsorption box (6).

5. The dry land self-sustaining soil remediation device according to claim 1 is characterized by: A cover plate (7) is fixedly provided at the end of the adsorption box (6), through holes are provided on the bottom of the adsorption box (6) and the cover plate (7), and the bottom of the adsorption box (6) and the cover plate (7) are covered with a water-permeable non-woven fabric.

6. The dry land self-sustaining soil remediation device according to claim 1 is characterized by: Grips (4) are fixedly provided at both ends of the top of the fixed tube (1).

7. The dry land self-sustaining soil remediation device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The evaporation plate (2) has a loose porous structure, and the end surface of the evaporation plate (2) is provided with a black solar heat absorbing coating.

8. The dry land self-sustaining soil remediation device according to claim 4 is characterized by: The capillary (501) is a capillary glass tube or a stainless steel capillary tube with an inner diameter of 0.5 mm.

9. A method for processing an evaporation plate in a dryland self-sustaining soil remediation device, characterized by: The evaporation plate (2) is a porous disc made of fly ash as the main raw material, and its processing steps are as follows: S1. Pretreatment: Select appropriate fly ash as raw material, wash the fly ash with water to remove some soluble salts, and then dry it at a certain temperature to remove moisture; S2. Ultrafine treatment: Process fly ash into ultrafine powder by ball milling or other mechanical methods to obtain fly ash with a particle size of 3.0~3.5μm to improve its reactivity; S3, modification treatment: mixing fly ash with acidic substances to corrode the glassy amorphous structure on the surface of fly ash, promote the dissolution of acid-soluble substances, widen the pore structure, increase the specific surface area and reaction activity of fly ash, and then use alkaline substances to react with silicon and aluminum species in fly ash at 30°C for 1 hour to form a pore structure in situ on the surface, thereby improving the properties of fly ash carrier; S4, mixed molding: the modified fly ash and metal nickel powder are mixed in a ratio of 1:0.5, and a disc is formed by mechanical extrusion; S5, sintering: sintering the mixed disc in a muffle furnace, gradually raising the heating temperature from 5°C / min to 1100°C, calcining at 1100°C for 1h, and then cooling to room temperature under indoor conditions to obtain a formed disc; S6. Deposition of solar absorption layer: Place the formed disk in a cathode arc ion plating system with a target material of Ti / Al alloy. Pump the pressure of the plating system chamber to 7×10−3Pa and set the temperature to 250°C. Desorb the original gas in the chamber. After desorption, introduce oxygen and nitrogen into the chamber simultaneously for electrodeposition, so that a TiAlON coating layer is evenly deposited on the formed disk, thereby obtaining an evaporation disk (2) for solar evaporation.

10. A method for using a dryland self-sustaining soil remediation device, the method is as follows: Detect the heavy metal content in the soil to be remediated, and sequentially load the corresponding adsorbents required for removing the heavy metals into the adsorption box (6), thereby completing the assembly of the device; The dry land soil to be repaired is leveled, stones and tiles are removed, and large impurities are removed. The repair devices are arranged in a matrix, with a spacing of 50 cm between each repair device; Before installing the repair device, remove 10 cm of the floating soil to expose the internal soil, and then insert the repair device into the internal soil so that the adsorption box (6) in the repair device is in contact with the soil; Monitor soil moisture content and keep it at around 20% by watering; The repair device is taken out every other month, and the adsorbent in its adsorption box (6) is replaced. The change in the heavy metal content in the soil is tested every month, and the repair cycle is determined according to the soil repair situation.

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