Composite material, inorganic composite film layer, optical window, method and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of nano coating material preparation, and discloses a composite material, an inorganic composite film layer, an optical window, a method and electronic equipment, the composite material comprises inorganic resin and composite sol, and the inorganic resin is used for bearing the composite sol; the composite sol comprises an inner core and a coating layer, and the coating layer is coated on the inner core; the inner core comprises titanium dioxide particles, the coating layer comprises silicon dioxide particles, the titanium dioxide particles are coated with a plurality of silicon dioxide particles, and the inorganic resin comprises silicate. According to the composite material, the self-cleaning performance, the friction resistance, the salt spray corrosion resistance, the water soaking resistance, the alcohol wiping resistance and the like of the optical window can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of nano-coating material preparation, and in particular to a composite material, an inorganic composite film layer, an optical window, a method and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] As an important component for protecting and lighting the camera lens, the transparent optical window has a key impact on the clarity, brightness and color saturation of optical imaging. However, the self-cleaning, transmittance, friction resistance, salt spray corrosion resistance, blister resistance, and alcohol wiping resistance of the functional film layer of the existing optical window still need to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the main technical problem to be solved by this application is the poor self-cleaning, transmittance, friction resistance, salt spray corrosion resistance, blister resistance, alcohol wiping resistance and other performances of the functional film layer of the optical window, thereby providing a composite material, an inorganic composite film layer, an optical window, a method and an electronic device, which help to improve the self-cleaning, friction resistance, salt spray corrosion resistance, blister resistance, alcohol wiping resistance and other performances of the optical window.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, a technical solution adopted in the present application is: providing an inorganic resin and a composite sol, wherein the inorganic resin is used to support the composite sol; the composite sol comprises a core and a coating layer, and the coating layer is coated on the core; the core comprises titanium dioxide particles, the coating layer comprises silicon dioxide particles, a plurality of silicon dioxide particles are coated on the titanium dioxide particles, and the inorganic resin comprises silicate.

[0005] The present application also includes a second technical solution, an inorganic composite film layer, comprising the above-mentioned composite material.

[0006] The present application also includes a third technical solution, an optical window, comprising a window carrier and the above-mentioned inorganic composite film layer, wherein the inorganic composite film layer is arranged on at least one side of the window carrier.

[0007] The present application also includes a fourth technical solution, a method for preparing the above composite material, comprising:

[0008] Adding titanium dioxide sol dropwise into silicon dioxide sol, stirring, and aging to form a composite sol;

[0009] The composite sol is added into an inorganic resin solution, stirred and mixed to form a first mixed material, wherein the first mixed material is a composite material, wherein the inorganic resin includes silicate.

[0010] The present application also includes a fifth technical solution, a method for preparing an optical window, comprising: coating the above-mentioned composite material or the composite material prepared by the above-mentioned method on a window carrier, and drying to obtain the optical window.

[0011] The present application also includes a sixth technical solution, an electronic device, comprising the above-mentioned composite material, and / or the above-mentioned inorganic composite film layer, and / or the above-mentioned optical window, and / or the above-mentioned composite material, and / or the above-mentioned optical window.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: the composite material of the present application includes an inorganic resin and a composite sol, the inorganic resin is used to carry the sol; the composite sol includes a core and a coating layer, the coating layer is coated on the core; the core includes titanium dioxide particles, the coating layer includes silicon dioxide particles, and a plurality of silicon dioxide particles are coated on the titanium dioxide particles. In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application, silicon dioxide is coated on titanium dioxide to form a core-shell structure, a plurality of silicon dioxide particles are coated on the titanium dioxide particles, and the titanium dioxide particles are coated to ensure that the titanium dioxide is not corroded, thereby improving the performance of salt spray resistance, and at the same time, the core-shell structure improves the optical transmittance of the window, and the addition of silicon dioxide also improves the friction resistance of the window; it can be used to form a super-hydrophobic inorganic composite film layer, which has a strong bonding force with the window carrier and can improve the self-cleaning ability of the window. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work, among which:

[0014] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a plurality of silicon dioxide particles coated on titanium dioxide particles in the present application;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the steps of a first embodiment of a method for preparing a composite material of the present application;

[0016] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the inorganic resin-supported sol of the present application;

[0017] Figure 4 is a flowchart of the steps of a second embodiment of a method for preparing a composite material of the present application;

[0018] Figure 5 is a flowchart of the steps of a third embodiment of a method for preparing a composite material of the present application;

[0019] Figure 6is a flowchart of the steps of a fourth embodiment of a method for preparing a composite material of the present application;

[0020] Figure 7a This is a scanning electron microscope image of the inorganic resin-supported sol of the present application.

[0021] Figure 7b is another scanning electron microscope image of the inorganic resin supported sol of the present application;

[0022] Figure 8 is a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image of the composite sol of Example 1 of the present application;

[0023] Figure 9a is an X-ray electron spectrum diagram of the first region of the optical window of Example 1 of the present application;

[0024] Figure 9b is an X-ray electron spectrum diagram of the first region after polishing of the optical window of Example 1 of the present application;

[0025] Fig.10a is an X-ray electron spectrum diagram of the second region of the optical window of Example 1 of the present application;

[0026] Fig.10b is an X-ray electron spectrum diagram of the fourth region after polishing the optical window of Example 1 of the present application;

[0027] Fig.11a is an X-ray electron spectrum diagram of the third region of the optical window of Example 1 of the present application;

[0028] Fig.11b This is the X-ray electron energy spectrum of the fifth region after the optical window of Example 1 of the present application is polished. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0030] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" in this application are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally also includes steps or units that are not listed, or optionally also includes other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0031] In the first technical solution of the present application, a composite material is provided, the composite material comprises an inorganic resin and a composite sol, the inorganic resin is used to carry the composite sol; Figure 1 , 100 is a core, 200 is a coating layer, and 300 is a composite sol, the composite sol includes a core and a coating layer, and the coating layer is coated on the core; the core includes titanium dioxide particles, the coating layer includes silicon dioxide particles, a plurality of silicon dioxide particles are coated on the titanium dioxide particles, and the inorganic resin includes silicate.

[0032] In the embodiment of the present application, the composite material is made into an inorganic composite film layer by coating titanium dioxide with silicon dioxide and compounding it with an inorganic resin, which reduces the reflection of light and can improve the optical transmittance of the window. The optical film layer increases the transmittance of the window by 3.5%, and can protect the long-term use of titanium dioxide in the natural environment, ensure that titanium dioxide is not corroded by salt spray, and can make it still have certain free radical effects under the condition of no light, realize super group, catalysis and oxidative decomposition, and extend the life of hydroxyl radicals on the surface of silicon dioxide. In the embodiment of the present application, the inorganic resin in the composite sol is a silicate, and the silicate in the silicate inorganic resin has good binding performance with window carriers such as glass or light-transmitting plastics, so that the composite material in the embodiment of the present application can be used for coating on the glass surface, which is conducive to improving the binding firmness of the composite material with window carriers such as glass or light-transmitting plastics.

[0033] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the composite sol to the inorganic resin is (0.8-1): (1-1.2), for example, 0.8:1, 1:1, 0.8:1.2. By controlling the weight ratio of the composite sol to the inorganic resin within the above range, the ratio of the composite sol to the inorganic resin in the composite material is better, and the composite material has a stronger salt spray corrosion resistance and a stronger oxidation effect under weak light conditions.

[0034] In some embodiments, the composite material may further include silver ions, which are doped into titanium dioxide particles to form silver / titanium dioxide composite particles. In the embodiments of the present application, silver ions are doped into titanium dioxide particles, and the silver ions can reduce the bandgap of titanium dioxide, so that titanium dioxide can be photocatalyzed under irradiation of the visible light blue light band of 400 to 450 nm, generating highly reactive free radicals, thereby decomposing organic pollutants and improving the self-cleaning ability of the optical window after coating the composite material.

[0035] In some embodiments, the composite material may also contain an inorganic salt, and the inorganic salt is loaded on an inorganic resin; optionally, the inorganic salt includes calcium chloride and / or sodium metasilicate. In the embodiment of the present application, by adding inorganic salts such as calcium chloride and / or sodium metasilicate to the composite material, it is beneficial to form a papillary structure when the composite material is used to make a film in the later stage, which is beneficial to improving the hydrophobicity of the inorganic composite film layer.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present application, the volume average particle size DV50 of the silicon dioxide particles is 18nm-25nm, such as 18nm, 19nm, 25nm; the volume average particle size DV50 of the titanium dioxide particles is 50nm-80nm, such as 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm. In the embodiment of the present application, by controlling the volume average particle size of the titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide particles, it is easy to control the size of the composite particles formed by the core and the coating layer in the composite sol, so that the composite material has better catalytic ability, improves its self-cleaning ability and anti-reflection effect.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present application, the inorganic resin in the composite material is a mesh structure film layer, and at least part of the composite sol is bonded to the outside of the mesh structure film layer or embedded in the inside of the mesh structure film layer. In the embodiments of the present application, the inorganic resin is a mesh structure film layer, and at least part of the core-shell structure particles of the composite sol are located outside the mesh structure film layer or embedded in the inside of the mesh structure film layer, so that the film layer formed by the composite material is relatively dense, and is more firmly bonded to the window carrier such as glass or light-transmitting plastic, and at the same time, the composite sol can be firmly bonded to the inorganic resin.

[0038] The second technical solution of the present application also provides an inorganic composite film layer, including the above-mentioned composite material. In the embodiment of the present application, the above-mentioned composite material can be used to make an inorganic composite film layer, and the silicon dioxide is used to coat titanium dioxide, which can improve the optical transmittance of the optical window. The optical transmittance of the film layer containing the core-shell structure can make the substrate transparent by 3.5%, and at the same time, it can protect the long-term use of titanium dioxide in the natural environment, reduce the entry or penetration of corrosive substances such as salt spray into or through the inorganic composite film layer, and can make it still have a certain free radical effect under weak light conditions, realize the role of super groups, catalysis and hydrophobicity, and extend the life of free radicals. In the embodiment of the present application, the inorganic composite film layer includes a combination of an inorganic silicate three-dimensional network structure film layer and a composite sol, so that the inorganic composite film layer has a higher density and stronger resistance to neutral salt spray corrosion, which is conducive to improving the bonding firmness of the composite material with the surface of the window carrier such as glass or light-transmitting plastic. The inorganic composite film layer in the embodiment of the present application has strong adhesion, high hardness, friction resistance, salt spray corrosion resistance, water bubble resistance, alcohol wiping resistance and other reliability.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present application, the inorganic composite film layer includes a three-dimensional mesh film layer and a papillary structure, and the papillary structure protrudes from the plane where the three-dimensional mesh film layer is located. In the embodiments of the present application, the inorganic composite film layer has a three-dimensional mesh film layer, and the inorganic composite film layer is dense and can be firmly combined with a window carrier such as glass or light-transmitting plastic; the papillary structure protrudes from the plane where the three-dimensional mesh film layer is located, so that the inorganic composite film layer is more hydrophobic and has a lower surface energy, which can reduce the retention of substances such as rainwater on the inorganic composite film layer, and improve the light transmission effect of the optical window in rainy environments. As shown in Figure 7, the inorganic composite film layer includes a three-dimensional mesh film layer and a papillary structure, and the papillary structure protrudes from the plane where the three-dimensional mesh film layer is located. The protruding white dots in Figure 7 are papillary structures, and the gray plane layer is the three-dimensional mesh film layer.

[0040] The present application also includes a third technical solution, an optical window, including a window carrier and the above-mentioned inorganic composite film layer, the inorganic composite film layer is arranged on one side of the window carrier, and the material of the window carrier includes glass or light-transmitting plastic. In the embodiment of the present application, by arranging the above-mentioned inorganic composite film layer on the window carrier, the optical transmittance of the optical window is high, and the optical transmittance of the film layer containing the core-shell structure can make the substrate (glass or light-transmitting plastic) increase by 3.5%, and at the same time, it can protect the long-term use of titanium dioxide in the natural environment, reduce the salt fog reaching the window carrier, reduce the corrosion of the window carrier by salt fog, and make it still have certain free radical effects under weak light conditions, realize the effects of super groups, catalysis and hydrophobicity, and extend the life of free radicals. In the embodiment of the present application, the inorganic composite film layer in the optical window is a combination of a silicate three-dimensional network structure and a composite sol, and the inorganic composite film layer is firmly combined with the window carrier, and has strong resistance to neutral salt spray corrosion.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present application, an inorganic composite film layer is provided on one side of the window carrier to improve the performance of the window carrier. In other embodiments, the inorganic composite film layer is provided on both sides of the window carrier. The inorganic composite film layer is provided on both sides of the window carrier to further improve the performance of the window carrier. In one embodiment, the above-mentioned inorganic composite sol can be coated on the optical window by a roller coater, and the thickness and uniformity of the inorganic composite film layer coated by the roller can be regulated by controlling key parameters such as the roller coating speed, the roller coating pressure and the surface roughness of the roller.

[0042] The window carrier includes glass or transparent plastic. Transparent plastic refers to plastic with light transmittance, including polycarbonate (PC) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and light-transmitting plastic includes polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), polyether alkane (PE), acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer (AS), polysulfone (PSF), MS plastic, etc. The present application does not limit the composition of the light-transmitting plastic.

[0043] In one embodiment, the thickness of the inorganic composite film layer is 80nm-150nm, such as 80nm, 85nm, 90nm, 95nm, 140nm. Optionally, it is 90-160nm, such as 90nm, 95nm, 100nm, 105nm, 160nm. Because the silicon dioxide particles and titanium dioxide particles are in the inorganic composite film layer, the particle size DV50 of the silicon dioxide particles and titanium dioxide particles is smaller than the thickness of the inorganic composite film layer.

[0044] In one embodiment, the uniformity of the inorganic composite film layer is 3%-10%, for example, 3%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%. The uniformity of the inorganic composite film layer is crucial to the overall performance. Evenly applying the inorganic composite film layer can maximize the protection of the optical window by the inorganic composite film layer and extend the service life of the inorganic composite film layer.

[0045] This application also includes a fourth technical solution, such as Figure 2 , a method for preparing a composite material comprises:

[0046] S200: adding the titanium dioxide sol dropwise into the silicon dioxide sol, stirring, aging, and forming a composite sol.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present application, titanium dioxide sol is added dropwise to silicon dioxide sol, so that silicon dioxide can be coated on the surface of titanium dioxide to form a core-shell structure.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of silica sol to titania sol is (19-21):(0.8-1.2). For example, the mass ratio of silica sol to titania sol can be 19:0.8, 19:1, 19:1.2, 20:0.8, 20:1, 20:1.2, 21:0.8, 21:1, 21:1.2, etc., or a range value composed of any two of the above values, for example, (19-20):(0.8-1), (20-21):(1-1.2), etc.

[0049] In some embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of silica sol to titania sol may also be 18:1 to 20:1, such as 18:1, 19:1, 20:1, etc., or a range value consisting of any two of the above values, such as 18:1 to 19:1, 19:1 to 20:1, etc.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present application, the aging time is 3 to 10 days, for example, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, 10 days, etc., or a range value composed of any two of the above values, for example, 3 to 5 days, 5 to 7 days, 7 to 10 days, etc.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present application, the aging temperature is 10°C to 40°C, for example, 10°C, 20°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, etc., or a range value composed of any two of the above values, for example, 10°C to 20°C, 20°C to 35°C, 35°C to 40°C, etc.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present application, the dripping speed is 0.8 ml / min to 1.2 ml / min. The dripping speed can be 0.8 ml / min, 1 ml / min, 1.2 ml / min, etc., or a range value composed of any two of the above values, such as 0.8 ml / min to 1 ml / min, 1 ml / min to 1.2 ml / min, etc. In the implementation of the present application, by controlling the dripping speed, the surface of titanium dioxide can be coated with silicon dioxide, and the coating layer is relatively uniform.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present application, the stirring speed is 1200 rpm to 1500 rpm. The stirring speed can be 1200 rpm, 1300 rpm, 1400 rpm, 1500 rpm, etc., or a range of any two of the above values, such as 1200 rpm to 1300 rpm, 1300 rpm to 1400 rpm, 1400 rpm to 1500 rpm, etc.

[0054] For example, in one embodiment, titanium dioxide sol is added dropwise to silicon dioxide sol and stirred to mix, the dropping speed is 0.8 ml / min, the stirring speed is 1200 rpm, and after stirring for 2 hours, it is placed in a constant temperature bath at 30° C. for 7 days.

[0055] The aging refers to adding the titanium dioxide sol dropwise into the silicon dioxide sol, and then storing the sol for a period of time to allow the silicon dioxide sol to fully cover the surface of the titanium dioxide sol.

[0056] S210: adding the composite sol into the inorganic resin solution, stirring and mixing, and forming a first mixed material, wherein the first mixed material is a composite material, wherein the inorganic resin includes silicate.

[0057] In the implementation mode of this application, Figure 3 , 400 is the inorganic resin solution, and 500 is the first mixed material. After the composite sol is added to the inorganic resin solution and stirred and mixed, the morphology of the first mixed material is that the composite sol particles of the core-shell structure formed by the silicon dioxide particles covering the titanium dioxide surface are attached to the inorganic resin.

[0058] The silicon dioxide in the silicate inorganic resin is bonded to the silicon dioxide in the glass substrate, so that in addition to the intermolecular force between the glass substrate and the inorganic composite film layer, there is also a chemical bond, which increases the adhesion of the inorganic composite film layer on the glass substrate.

[0059] The silicon dioxide in the silicate inorganic resin bonds with the hydrogen in the transparent plastic to form oxygen-hydrogen bonds, so that the organic composite film layer and the transparent plastic act through chemical bonds and intermolecular forces, thereby increasing the adhesion of the inorganic composite film layer on the transparent plastic.

[0060] After the composite sol is added to the inorganic resin silicate, the silicate inorganic resin acts as a reticulating agent and a cross-linking agent, and easily undergoes a polycondensation reaction with itself at high temperature, and also cross-links the core-shell material (titanium dioxide / silicon dioxide) of the titanium dioxide surface coated with silicon dioxide, thereby forming a three-dimensional network structure, and the titanium dioxide / silicon dioxide core-shell structure is bound inside the network structure. Using the silicate inorganic resin as a reticulating agent and a cross-linking agent can greatly improve the reliability of the inorganic composite film layer, such as adhesion, hardness, friction resistance, salt spray corrosion resistance, blister resistance, and alcohol wiping resistance. At the same time, the byproduct water of the polycondensation reaction constructs a papillary micro-nano structure on the surface of the film layer under high-temperature baking.

[0061] In other embodiments, Figure 4 , a method for preparing a composite material comprises:

[0062] S300: adding the titanium dioxide sol dropwise into the silicon dioxide sol, stirring, aging, and forming a composite sol.

[0063] The same as the above implementation mode, will not be repeated here.

[0064] S310: adding the silver salt solution into the composite sol to form a composite sol of silver ions doped with titanium dioxide.

[0065] In one embodiment, the silver salt solution is a silver nitrate solution, and the molar concentration of the silver nitrate solution is 0.2mol / L to 0.4mol / L, such as 0.2mol / L, 0.3mol / L, 0.4mol / L, etc., or a range value composed of any two of the above values, such as 0.2mol / L to 0.3mol / L, 0.3mol / L to 0.4mol / L, etc.

[0066] In other embodiments, other silver salts may be added to achieve the purpose of doping silver ions in the composite sol of titanium dioxide. Other silver salts include silver halides and silver sulfate, and silver halides include silver chloride, silver fluoride, silver bromide, etc. The molar concentration of the solution of other silver salts is also 0.2mol / L to 0.4mol / L, such as 0.2mol / L, 0.3mol / L, 0.4mol / L, etc., or a range value composed of any two of the above values, such as 0.2mol / L to 0.3mol / L, 0.3mol / L to 0.4mol / L, etc.

[0067] Adding a silver ion-containing solution such as a silver salt solution into the composite sol reduces the band gap of titanium dioxide.

[0068] S320: adding the composite sol of silver ions doped with titanium dioxide into the inorganic resin solution, stirring and mixing, and forming a second mixed material, which is the composite material.

[0069] Among them, silver ions are doped into the lattice of titanium dioxide particles to form silver / titanium dioxide composite particles. Adding silver nitrate solution to the composite sol can reduce the band gap of titanium dioxide, so that it can be photocatalytic under the irradiation of visible light blue light band 400-450nm, generating highly reactive free radicals, thereby decomposing organic pollutants. Improve the self-cleaning ability of the optical window after coating the composite material.

[0070] In one embodiment, if Figure 5 , adding the composite sol to the inorganic resin solution, stirring and mixing, and further comprising:

[0071] S400: adding a solution containing an inorganic salt to the stirred and mixed solution, coating, and drying to obtain a composite material, wherein the inorganic salt includes calcium chloride and / or sodium metasilicate.

[0072] In one embodiment, the molar concentration of the inorganic salt solution is 0.5 mol / L to 0.8 mol / L, for example 0.5 mol / L, 0.6 mol / L, 0.7 mol / L, 0.8 mol / L, etc., or a range value consisting of any two of the above values, for example 0.5 mol / L to 0.6 mol / L, 0.6 mol / L to 0.8 mol / L.

[0073] In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the inorganic salt solution to the second mixed material is (1.6-2.3):(97.7-98.4), for example, 1.6:98.4, 1.8:98.4, 2.3:98.4, 1.6:97.7, 1.8:97.7, 2:97.7, 2.3:97.7, 1.6:98, 2:98, 2.3:98, etc., or a range value composed of any two of the above values, for example, (1.6-2):(97.7-98), (2-2.3):(98-98.4), etc.

[0074] In an embodiment of the present application, a solution containing inorganic salts such as calcium chloride and sodium metasilicate is added to an inorganic resin solution mixed with a composite sol, and after coating and drying, an inorganic composite film layer with a papillary structure is formed. The inorganic composite film layer of the embodiment of the present application has better hydrophobicity.

[0075] The study speculated that the reason may be that silicate undergoes polycondensation reaction to form inorganic resin, and some water is produced in the process. After the inorganic resin and the core-shell structure are compounded and left to stand, weak crosslinking occurs between the inorganic resins and between the inorganic resin and silica to form Si-O-Si. Then, a solution containing inorganic salts such as calcium chloride and sodium metasilicate is added. The network structure of Si-O-Si will hinder the reaction between silicate and calcium chloride. In the case of a small amount of calcium chloride, no calcium silicate precipitation will be formed.

[0076] The slurry is then coated on the glass surface to form a film layer, which is then dried. During the drying process, the three-dimensional network structure, core-shell structure, and other locations of the inorganic resin that do not have calcium chloride and sodium metasilicate are normally dehydrated at one time, while the locations with calcium chloride or sodium metasilicate will first experience dehydration, and calcium chloride and sodium metasilicate will change from ionic state to solid. After that, solid calcium chloride and sodium metasilicate can absorb moisture, which is equivalent to locking moisture, and then further drying will occur, and other areas will be further dehydrated; while the calcium chloride and sodium metasilicate areas will delay the evaporation of moisture. The moisture in other areas that does not contain calcium chloride and sodium metasilicate will evaporate quickly, thereby constructing a papillary structure. That is, the moisture that is not absorbed will evaporate outward during high-temperature baking, forming a cavity. The part with the cavity and the part absorbed by the water absorbent form a micro-papillary structure, which forms a super-hydrophobic surface while also reducing the light scattering caused by surface defects, further improving the durability of the self-cleaning performance, and also improving the optical transparency of the inorganic composite film layer to a certain extent.

[0077] In one embodiment, calcium chloride has strong hydrophilicity and hydration properties, and can absorb water molecules in the surrounding environment and form hydrates.

[0078] Of course, in other embodiments, the inorganic salt may also be other compounds having water absorbing function.

[0079] Among them, the condensation reaction is that silicate forms silicic acid under acidic conditions, and the condensation reaction will occur under high temperature environment.

[0080] In one embodiment, if Figure 6 , before adding the titanium dioxide sol dropwise into the silicon dioxide sol, stirring, aging, and forming a composite sol, the method further comprises:

[0081] S100: The silicon precursor is catalyzed by a weak base to form a first silica sol, and the silicon precursor is catalyzed by a strong acid to form a second silica sol.

[0082] In the embodiment of the present application, adding a weak base to the silicon precursor is beneficial to the stability of the silicon dioxide sol, which will not form agglomerates or precipitation and will be evenly dispersed in the liquid system. Adding a strong acid to the silicon precursor is to generate silicic acid.

[0083] The first silica sol is formed by alkali catalysis, and the microstructure of the silica sol is spherical. The surface of the first silica sol has hydroxyl groups, which will form chemically adsorbed water to prevent dirt from adhering to window carriers such as glass and transparent plastics, and it is easily taken away when it rains. TiO 2 Decomposes organic matter. Mainly used in outdoor electronic products.

[0084] The second silica sol is formed by acid catalysis. The microstructure of the silica sol is linear. The linear surface forms a chemical bond with the glass. The glass surface has hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, and electrons on the silica surface, which coordinate with the electrons and holes of the silica on the linear surface. By mixing the base-catalyzed silica sol with the acid-catalyzed silica sol, the formed sol body has a strong adhesion.

[0085] S110: Mixing the first silica sol and the second silica sol to form a silica sol.

[0086] In one embodiment, the volume ratio of the first silica sol to the second silica sol is 1:(3-5), such as 1:3, 1:3.5, 1:4, 1:5, etc., or a range of any two of the above values, such as 1:(3-4), 1:(4-5). Optionally, it is 1:4.

[0087] The present application also includes a fifth technical solution, a method for preparing an optical window, comprising:

[0088] The composite material or the composite material prepared by the method is coated on a window carrier and dried to obtain an optical window.

[0089] In one embodiment, the composite material liquid is roll-coated on the window carrier by a roller coating device, and then placed in an oven for drying. The drying time is 10 to 30 minutes, and the drying temperature is 60 to 85°C. During baking, it is necessary to ensure that the oven is clean and tidy, and the dust-free level must reach Class 10,000; the dried window is placed in a high-temperature oven at 130°C to 200°C for curing for 2 to 4 hours; the cured window is naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain an optical window. That is, an inorganic composite film layer is formed on the window carrier. In one embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the inorganic composite film layer is 1 / 4λ, λ is the wavelength of visible light, and λ is 400 to 700nm.

[0090] The present application also applies the composite material provided in the above embodiment to the surface of a glass substrate by roller coating, and then rubs the glass coated with the composite material. EDS tests are performed before and after rubbing. The specific test results are as follows: Figure 9a and Figure 9b shown.

[0091] Before rubbing the optical window, an EDS test is performed. The test results are as follows: Figure 9a After rubbing the glass, the optical window was tested by EDS. The test results are shown in Figure 9b As shown. Figure 9a As shown in Figure 2, there is no peak of Ti element before friction; Figure 9b As shown, after friction, there is a peak of Ti element, SiO 2At least part of it is rubbed off, and the Ti element is exposed due to friction, indicating that titanium dioxide is the core, and that the silica sol coats the titanium dioxide sol.

[0092] Before rubbing the optical window, EDS tests are performed on the first area, the second area, and the third area of ​​the optical window, respectively, wherein the first area, the second area, and the third area do not overlap and are independent of each other; the test results before rubbing are as follows: Figure 9a , 10a and 11a. After the optical window is rubbed, EDS tests are performed on the first area, the fourth area, and the fifth area of ​​the glass, respectively, wherein the first area, the fourth area, and the fifth area do not overlap and are independent of each other; the test structures after rubbing are shown in 9b, 10b, and 11b. It should be noted that the first area before rubbing and the first area after rubbing are the same area of ​​the glass, and the first area, the fourth area, and the fifth area after rubbing are all within the rubbing treatment range of the glass; the first area, the second area, and the third area before rubbing are randomly selected areas, and the fourth area and the fifth area after rubbing are randomly selected areas of the rubbing treated glass.

[0093] like Figure 9a , 10a As shown in Figures 11a and 11b, there is no peak of Ti element before friction; Figure 9b , 10b As shown in 11b, there is a peak of Ti element after friction, SiO 2 Part of it was rubbed off, and the Ti element was exposed due to friction, which further illustrates that the silica sol encapsulates the titanium dioxide sol to form a core-shell structure. By randomly selecting different areas of the glass before friction for EDS testing, no Ti element was detected; and by randomly selecting different areas of the glass after friction for EDS testing, Ti element was detected in all of them, ensuring the accuracy of the test results.

[0094] It should be noted that the instrument used to test the EDS graph is: Zeiss, model SIGMA-300. The EDS test is used to assist in verifying the core-shell structure composed of silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide. The peak at 2.15ev in the figure is the Pt metal peak, which is the conductive Pt sprayed during sample preparation. This peak does not need to be considered.

[0095] The present application also includes a sixth technical solution, an electronic device, comprising the above composite material, and / or the above inorganic composite film layer, and / or the above optical window, and / or the composite material prepared by the above method, and / or the optical window prepared by the above method. It has the same or similar technical effects as the above.

[0096] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the present application provides the following non-limiting embodiments to further explain the present application in detail.

[0097] Example 1

[0098] In Example 1, the volume ratio of the first silica sol to the second silica sol is 1:4; the first silica sol and the second silica sol are mixed to form a silica sol, and the titanium dioxide sol is added dropwise to the silica sol, wherein the mass ratio of the silica sol to the titanium dioxide sol is 20:1, the dropping speed is 0.8 ml / min, the aging time is 7 days, and the aging temperature is 30°C; a silver nitrate solution with a molar concentration of 0.3 mol / L is added to form a composite sol, and the composite sol is tested by transmission electron microscopy, as shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown, it indicates that a core-shell structure is formed; sodium silicate inorganic resin solution is added, and the mass ratio of sodium silicate to composite sol is 1:1 to form a second mixed solution; calcium chloride solution with a molar concentration of 0.6 mol / L is added, and the mass ratio of the calcium chloride solution to the second mixed solution is 2.0:98.0. The composite material is coated on a glass window carrier by a roller coating device, and dried to obtain an optical window. Among them, the transmittance of the glass window carrier is 91.5%.

[0099] Example 1A

[0100] The parameters of Example 1A are substantially the same as those of Example 1, except that the composite material used in Example 1A does not include a silver nitrate solution.

[0101] Example 1B

[0102] The parameters of Example 1B are substantially the same as those of Example 1, except that the composite material used in Example 1B does not include a calcium chloride solution.

[0103] Comparative Example 1A

[0104] The parameters of Comparative Example 1A are substantially the same as those of Example 1, except that the composite material used in Comparative Example 1A does not include an inorganic resin solution.

[0105] Table 1-1

[0106]

[0107] Table 1-2

[0108]

[0109] As shown in Tables 1-1 and 1-2, in Example 1, the self-cleaning, transmittance, friction resistance, salt spray corrosion resistance, blister resistance, alcohol wiping resistance and other properties of the optical window obtained are the best.

[0110] Example 2

[0111] The parameters of Example 2 are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that the volume ratio of the first silica sol to the second silica sol in the composite material used in Example 2 is different, wherein they are respectively marked as Example 2-1, Example 2-2, Example 2-3, and Example 2-4 according to the different volume ratios.

[0112] The results of the above examples and comparative examples are shown in Tables 2-1 and 2-2 below.

[0113] Table 2-1

[0114]

[0115] Table 2-2

[0116]

[0117] Based on Tables 2-1 and 2-2, it can be seen from Examples 2-1 to 2-4 and Example 1 that the window carrier provided with a composite film layer has higher adhesion, wear resistance and transmittance.

[0118] Example 3

[0119] The parameters of Example 3 are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that Example 3 uses a volume ratio of silica sol to titanium dioxide sol. According to the different volume ratios of the silica sol to titanium dioxide sol, they are respectively marked as Example 3-1, Example 3-2, Example 3-3, and Example 3-4.

[0120] The results of the above examples and comparative examples are shown in Tables 3-1 and 3-2 below.

[0121] Table 3-1

[0122]

[0123] Table 3-2

[0124]

[0125] Based on Tables 3-1 and 3-2, it can be seen that Examples 3-1 to 3-4 and Example 1 have enhanced transmittance (light transmittance), lower haze after self-cleaning, higher transmittance after self-cleaning, and stronger resistance to neutral salt spray corrosion.

[0126] Example 4

[0127] The parameters of Example 4 are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that the amount of the silver nitrate solution in the composite material used in Example 4 is different, wherein they are respectively marked as Example 4-1, Example 4-2, Example 4-3, and Example 4-4 according to the amount of the silver nitrate solution.

[0128] The results of the above examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 4 below.

[0129] Table 4

[0130]

[0131]

[0132] Based on Table 4, it can be seen that after adding different concentrations of silver nitrate, the transmittance of the optical window of Example 1 is higher, and the transmittance after the self-cleaning test is higher.

[0133] Example 5

[0134] The parameters of Example 5 are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that the molar concentration of the calcium chloride solution in the composite material used in Example 5 is different, wherein they are respectively marked as Example 5-1, Example 5-2, Example 5-3, and Example 5-4 according to the different contents of the organic base.

[0135] The results of the above examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 5 below.

[0136] Table 5

[0137]

[0138] Note: The average number refers to the average 1μm in the scanning electron microscope 2 The middle is the number of micropapillaries.

[0139] As shown in Table 5, as the amount of calcium chloride solution increases, the number of micropapillaries increases, the contact angle increases, and the hydrophobicity increases, but the transmittance tends to decrease to a certain extent. Example 1 has better hydrophobicity and transmittance.

[0140] Example 6

[0141] The parameters of Example 6 are basically the same as those of Example 1, except that the mass ratio of the calcium chloride solution in the composite material used in Example 6 is different from that of the above-mentioned solution, wherein they are respectively marked as Example 6-1, Example 6-2, Example 6-3, and Example 6-4 according to the different mass ratios of the calcium chloride solution and the above-mentioned solution.

[0142] The results of the above examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 6 below.

[0143] Table 6

[0144]

[0145] Based on Table 6, the mass ratio of the calcium chloride solution to the above solution was changed to adjust the microemulsion structure, hydrophobicity and transmittance.

[0146] The following is the testing method of each embodiment of the present application.

[0147] 1) Water immersion performance test.

[0148] a) Carry out steam test first, and then conduct the following test after confirming that the sample has anti-fog effect;

[0149] b) Place the sample in a beaker and pour in pure water until it is completely submerged. Leave it for 200 hours and then take it out and air dry it for 1 hour.

[0150] c) Carry out a steam test to verify the anti-fog performance; if the anti-fog film has no orange peel, cracks or other poor appearance, the steam test is passed; otherwise, it fails.

[0151] 2) Adhesion test.

[0152] Wipe the test surface gently with a clean white cloth, use a paint film cutter (blade angle is 15 degrees to 30 degrees) to draw 10×10 1mm×1mm small grids on the test sample surface (oil film thickness is 50um to 125um), and each line should reach the bottom of the oil layer, then use 95% alcohol to degrease, wait for one minute, and then use "Scotch" 3M#600 adhesive tape (adhesion is 350~400g / cm 2 ) Firmly stick the test sample to the scratched area, and use an eraser to rub the tape vigorously to increase the contact area and strength between the tape and the tested area: After one minute, grab one end of the tape with your hand and tear it vertically twice at the same position. Carefully observe whether the test surface has oil film shedding and whether the tape has oil film (Note: If the oil film is shedding, please carefully observe under a microscope whether there is dust or other debris on the shed oil film or the de-oiled area. If it is confirmed that there is dust or debris, the de-oiling phenomenon will not be considered this time, and re-select the plane at another position to test again according to the above procedure).

[0153] 3) Wear resistance test.

[0154] Test tools: RCA wear tester (model: 7-IBB), paper tape, transparent tape, white cloth.

[0155] First, wipe the surface to be tested with a dry white cloth and fix the sample to be tested on the RCA testing machine.

[0156] For the samples to be tested, the front side, curved side, inclined side, edges and other parts that are easily touched in daily use should be selected for testing.

[0157] The test must use a dedicated RCA abrasion tester (model: 7-IBB) and a dedicated paper tape (11 / 16 inch), apply a load of 175g, and drive the paper tape to rub the sample surface for 10 cycles (if it is UV paint, 15 cycles of abrasion are required).

[0158] Criteria:

[0159] Under fluorescent light, observe the measured point from different angles (30cm distance).

[0160] For spraying, electroplating, IMD (in-mold decoration technology), etc., the coating cannot fall off and the base material cannot be exposed.

[0161] 4) Salt spray test.

[0162] Test equipment: salt water spray test machine. Test room temperature: 35℃; saturated air barrel temperature: 47℃; spray mode: continuous spray.

[0163] Test method:

[0164] Turn on the salt spray tester, and make sure to turn on the water and air valves first, then turn on the power of the tester;

[0165] Set the salt spray test parameters: test room temperature: 35℃; saturated air barrel temperature: 47℃; test time: see Table 3-2; spray mode: continuous spray;

[0166] Mix 5% saline solution with NaCl and pure water, and put it into the reagent barrel of the salt spray test machine;

[0167] Place the sample to be tested on the test stand of the test chamber at an angle of 15-30 degrees, close the upper cover of the test chamber, and start the machine for testing;

[0168] Observe the changes in the coating on the sample surface before and after the comparative test until the base material is exposed, and test the corresponding time.

[0169] Judgment criteria: The surface coating is qualified if there is no exposed base material, bulging or damage (outdoor products); otherwise it is unqualified.

[0170] 5) Resistant to alcohol wiping

[0171] Test method: Dip a piece of pure cotton cloth in anhydrous alcohol (concentration ≥ 99.5%) and wrap it around a special 500g weight (the area of ​​the test head after wrapping with cotton cloth is about 1cm 2), or wrap a cloth around your index finger and use about 500g of force (you can practice by wiping repeatedly on a suitable balance first), at a speed of 40 times / minute to 60 times / minute, with a stroke of about 20mm, to wipe back and forth on the surface of the sample for N cycles until failure occurs.

[0172] Judgment standard: After the test, the paint or ink is qualified if the bottom is not exposed.

[0173] 6) Hardness test

[0174] Test tool: Pencil hardness tester

[0175] Test method:

[0176] 2H and HB pencil leads were cut into cylindrical shapes and ground on 400-grit sandpaper, then installed on a pencil hardness tester.

[0177] The load applied to the pencil tip was 1000 g, and the angle between the pencil (Mitsubishi brand) and the horizontal was 45°.

[0178] Draw 3 to 5 lines of 3 to 5 cm in length from different directions and positions on the sample surface (speed 0.5 to 1 mm / s).

[0179] The pencil should be sharpened after each stroke.

[0180] Judgment method: Use an eraser to erase the pencil marks, and visually check the surface for scratches at a distance of 30 cm under a fluorescent light.

[0181] 7) Transmittance

[0182] A HITACH-U4150 UV-visible spectrophotometer was used.

[0183] 8) High resolution transmission electron microscopy test.

[0184] Equipment model: JEOL Ltd. JEM-2010 (HR) transmission electron microscope

[0185] The composite material is dispersed in an ethanol solvent and dropped onto a micro-grating support film, and the thickness of the coating layer is measured by a high-resolution transmission electron microscope.

[0186] 9) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray electron spectroscopy (EDS).

[0187] Scanning electron microscope (SEM): Place the sample on the scanning electron microscope workbench and image the sample under the bombardment of the electron beam generated by the electron gun to obtain the SEM microscopic morphology of the sample.

[0188] X-ray electron spectroscopy (EDS): After obtaining the microscopic morphology, the device is switched to the scanning electron microscope spectrometer mode, and multiple points are selected in the SEM image for testing. When the electron beam interacts with the sample, the atoms in the sample are excited and emit specific characteristic X-rays that are received by the EDS detector, and then the elemental composition of the corresponding area is analyzed.

[0189] 10) Self-cleaning test

[0190] Self-cleaning test: Place the sample in a 100ml beaker containing 30g of a mixture of vegetable oil and mineral oil (volume ratio 1:1), bake it on a baking table at 30°C for 5 days, and test the haze and transmittance.

[0191] 11) Contact angle test

[0192] (1) Cut the optical window into 3 cm × 3 cm square pieces and use a hair dryer to blow the electrode to remove dust.

[0193] (2) Prepare the test liquid: Fill the dosing syringe with deionized water and fix the dosing syringe on the contact angle tester. The equipment model is SDC-200S, voltage AC220V, power 150W, frequency 50 / 60HZ; slightly turn the injection knob and push the dosing syringe until the first drop of liquid drips out to remove the air.

[0194] (3) Sample placement: Place the optical window flat on the measuring platform, and adjust the three-dimensional position and searchlight to place the sample in a suitable position on the test screen.

[0195] (4) Set the test mode: set the droplet volume to 10 μL, the measurement mode to dynamic mode, and collect a picture every 50 ms.

[0196] (5) Start the test: Click the Start button to observe the test process and results

[0197] (6) Contact angle fitting: Select the 500 ms image after the droplet contacts the optical window for fitting, select ellipse as the fitting mode, and obtain the contact angle after fitting.

[0198] In summary, the embodiment of the present application gradually drips titanium dioxide sol into titanium dioxide sol, that is, by controlling the dripping order, silicon dioxide can be coated on the surface of titanium dioxide to form a core-shell structure; and further adds sodium silicate inorganic resin solution to form a composite material. The composite material of the present application includes inorganic resin and composite sol, and the inorganic resin is used to carry the sol; the composite sol includes a core and a coating layer, and the coating layer is coated on the core; the core includes titanium dioxide particles, and the coating layer includes silicon dioxide particles, and multiple silicon dioxide particles are coated on the titanium dioxide particles. Figure 7a and Figure 7bAs shown, the composite film layer formed by the composite material includes a nipple structure. Figure 8 As shown, it can be seen from the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image of the composite material that it includes particles with a core-shell structure, in which the core 100 is coated with a coating layer 200; Figure 9a , 10a As shown in Figure 11a, it is an EDS image before the optical window is polished. It can be seen from the figure that the composite sol includes Si, Ca and Ag elements; Figure 9b , 10b 11b and 11c are EDS images after the optical window is polished. It can be seen from the figure that the composite sol includes Si, Ti, Ca and Ag elements, indicating that the coating layer on the surface of the core-shell structure is removed after polishing, so that the core is exposed and the Ti element of the core can be tested. Figure 8 It can be said that the composite material synthesized in the embodiment of the present application has a core-shell structure, and the surface is coated with SiO 2 , the core is TiO 2 ; Combine Figure 7a and Figure 7b The composite material includes an inorganic resin. The composite material provided in the present application can be applied to a window carrier to improve the self-cleaning, transmittance, friction resistance, salt spray corrosion resistance, blister resistance, alcohol wiping resistance and other properties of the optical window.

[0199] The above description is only an embodiment of the present application and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly used in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A composite material, characterized in that: It comprises an inorganic resin and a composite sol, wherein the inorganic resin is used to support the composite sol; the composite sol comprises an inner core and a coating layer, wherein the coating layer is coated on the inner core; the inner core comprises titanium dioxide particles, the coating layer comprises silicon dioxide particles, a plurality of silicon dioxide particles are coated on the titanium dioxide particles, and the inorganic resin comprises silicate.

2. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of the composite sol to the inorganic resin is (0.8-1):(1-1.2).

3. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that It also includes silver ions, which are doped into the titanium dioxide particles to form silver / titanium dioxide composite particles.

4. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that Also includes an inorganic salt, the inorganic salt is supported on the inorganic resin; Optionally, the inorganic salt includes calcium chloride and / or sodium metasilicate.

5. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that The volume average particle size DV50 of the silicon dioxide particles is 18nm-25nm; the volume average particle size DV50 of the titanium dioxide particles is 50nm-80nm.

6. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that The inorganic resin is in the form of a network structure film layer, and at least a portion of the composite sol is combined with the outside of the network structure film layer or embedded in the inside of the network structure film layer.

7. An inorganic composite film layer, characterized in that: The composite material comprises the composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The inorganic composite film layer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The composite membrane layer comprises a three-dimensional reticular membrane layer and a mastoid structure, wherein the mastoid structure protrudes from the plane where the three-dimensional reticular membrane layer is located.

9. An optical window, characterized in that: It comprises a window carrier and the inorganic composite film layer according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the inorganic composite film layer is arranged on at least one side of the window carrier; the material of the window carrier comprises glass or light-transmitting plastic.

10. The optical window according to claim 9, characterized in that: The thickness of the inorganic composite film layer is 80nm-150nm, and optionally 90-160nm.

11. The optical window according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that: The uniformity of the inorganic composite film layer is 3%-10%.

12. A method for preparing the composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: include: Adding titanium dioxide sol dropwise into silicon dioxide sol, stirring, and aging to form a composite sol; The composite sol is added into an inorganic resin solution, stirred and mixed to form a first mixed material, wherein the first mixed material is a composite material, wherein the inorganic resin includes silicate.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that The mass ratio of the silica sol to the titanium dioxide sol is (19-21):(0.8-1.2); and / or, The aging time is 3 days to 10 days; and / or, The aging temperature is 10°C-40°C; and / or, The dropping speed is 0.8 ml / min to 1.2 ml / min; and / or, The stirring speed is 1200 rpm to 1500 rpm.

14. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that After the silica sol is added dropwise to the titanium dioxide sol for mixing and aging to form a composite sol, the method further comprises: adding a silver salt solution into the composite sol to form a composite sol doped with silver ions and titanium dioxide; The composite sol is added to the inorganic resin solution, stirred and mixed to form a first mixed material, and the first mixed material is a composite material, including: The composite sol of silver ions doped with titanium dioxide is added into an inorganic resin solution, and the mixture is stirred and mixed to form a second mixed material, which is a composite material.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that The molar concentration of the silver salt solution is 0.2 mol / L to 0.4 mol / L.

16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that The step of adding the composite sol to the inorganic resin solution and stirring and mixing the mixture further comprises: A solution containing an inorganic salt is added to the stirred and mixed solution, coated, and dried to obtain a composite material, wherein the inorganic salt includes calcium chloride and / or sodium metasilicate.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that The molar concentration of the inorganic salt solution is 0.5 mol / L to 0.8 mol / L.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that The mass ratio of the inorganic salt solution to the second mixed material is (1.6-2.3):(97.7-98.4).

19. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that Before the silicon dioxide sol is added dropwise to the titanium dioxide sol for mixing and aging to form a composite sol, the method further comprises: The silicon precursor is catalyzed by a weak base to form a first silica sol, and the silicon precursor is catalyzed by a strong acid to form a second silica sol; The first silica sol and the second silica sol are mixed to form the silica sol.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that The volume ratio of the first silica sol to the second silica sol is 1:(3-5), optionally 1:

4.

21. A method for preparing an optical window, characterized in that: include: The composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the composite material prepared by the method according to any one of claims 12 to 21 is coated on a window carrier and dried for 3 dau,0 to obtain an optical window.

22. An electronic device, characterized in that: Including the composite material described in any one of claims 1-6, and / or the inorganic composite film layer described in any one of claims 7-8, and / or the optical window described in any one of claims 9-11, and / or the composite material prepared by the method of any one of claims 12-20, and / or the optical window prepared by the method of claim 21.

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