Efficient spraying type smoke dust inhibitor as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an efficient spraying type smoke dust inhibitor as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of environmental protection. The smoke dust inhibitor is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 0.05 to 0.15 percent of cocamidopropyl betaine, 2 to 4 percent of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.08 to 0.12 percent of urea, 0.08 to 0.12 percent of ammonium acetate, 0.05 percent of polyacrylamide, 0.05 percent of sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate and the balance of water. Compared with a traditional water stemming technology, the application of the smoke dust inhibitor has obvious technical advantages, and the spraying efficiency, the environmental adaptability and the operation convenience are remarkably improved. In particular, in the aspect of treating toxic and harmful gases, the gas can be directly degraded through chemical reaction instead of physical isolation, which is a major breakthrough in technology. In addition, the smoke dust inhibitor not only has a lasting effect, but also has low dependence on equipment, and is suitable for various spraying systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, and in particular to a high-efficiency spray-type smoke suppressant and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the enhancement of people's environmental awareness, the development of land resources has gradually expanded to underground space, which has become an inevitable development direction in modern urban construction. Due to the huge investment in the construction of tunnels and underground projects, the scale and number of tunnel projects continue to grow to meet the needs of urban structures with dense populations and concentrated workplaces. In this context, the construction safety and environmental protection issues of tunnel projects have become increasingly prominent, especially the growing demand for improving construction efficiency and ensuring operational safety.

[0003] In tunnel construction, drilling and blasting is a commonly used excavation method, which involves drilling holes in the rock mass and filling them with explosives for blasting. The resulting blasting smoke contains a large amount of dust, water vapor, and toxic and harmful gases such as CO and nitrogen oxides, which pose a serious threat to the health of construction workers and the construction environment. The ventilation and dust removal methods used in the past have limited effects, long ventilation times, poor effects, and cannot effectively control the spread of smoke and dust. Another main method is to fill water cannon mud, which forms water mist during blasting to remove dust and absorb toxic and harmful gases. Although the traditional method of filling water cannon mud can control dust and toxic gases to a certain extent, it usually has the problems of complex operation, low efficiency, and difficulty in adapting to rapid construction schedules. Most existing spray dust removal technologies are mainly aimed at dust control, and have limited effects on gas control.

[0004] Existing dust suppressants are mostly water-based or oil-based solutions. Their main working principle is to increase the wet weight of dust by spraying, causing dust particles to settle, thereby reducing suspended dust in the air. However, most dust suppressants are almost ineffective in suppressing toxic and harmful gases, and cannot fully solve the comprehensive air pollution problems caused by operations such as tunnel blasting.

[0005] The treatment technologies for CO mainly include catalytic oxidation and adsorption. Catalytic oxidation is to accelerate the reaction of CO with oxygen in the air to produce harmless carbon dioxide through catalysts, while adsorption is to separate CO from the air through physical or chemical adsorption. Although these methods are relatively mature in industrial applications, they are difficult to implement widely in actual applications at tunnel blasting sites due to the complexity of equipment and operations. Studies have shown that the application of traditional catalytic oxidation technology in tunnel construction is limited by problems such as difficulty in moving equipment and high maintenance costs. In addition, these systems usually require high energy input, which is often inconsistent with the power supply conditions at tunnel construction sites.

[0006] The treatment technologies for nitrogen oxides mainly include selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), which can convert nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and water at high temperatures. However, these technologies require specialized reactors and high energy consumption, which are difficult to implement in mobile or temporary construction sites such as tunneling scenarios.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a multifunctional smoke suppressant that can effectively suppress dust and reduce the concentration of toxic gases, and to study its formula and usage method, which has important practical significance and application value for improving the tunnel construction environment, improving construction efficiency, and ensuring construction safety. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention proposes a spray-type smoke suppressant, which can not only effectively suppress fine dust particles, but also chemically neutralize and physically adsorb harmful gases such as CO and nitrogen oxides, thus solving the application limitation of a single dust suppressant in a complex construction environment. The present invention aims to provide an air purification method that is easy to operate, highly adaptable, and has significant environmental protection effects, thereby greatly improving the safety and comfort of the working environment. The development of this suppressant fills the gap in the ability of the prior art to simultaneously control dust and harmful gases in closed environments such as tunnels, and provides a new solution for construction safety and environmental protection.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] A highly efficient sprayable smoke suppressant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.05-0.15% cocamidopropyl betaine, 2-4% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.08-0.12% urea, 0.08-0.12% ammonium acetate, 0.05% polyacrylamide, 0.05% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, and the balance is water.

[0011] Preferably, the high-efficiency sprayable smoke suppressant is made of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.05% cocamidopropyl betaine, 3.60% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.09% urea, 0.08% ammonium acetate, 0.05% polyacrylamide, 0.05% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, and the balance is water.

[0012] Among the above components, cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB) is used as a surfactant to reduce the surface tension of water, increase the contact area with dust, and improve the wetting and permeability of dust. On the other hand, it can bridge the dispersed dust particles together to form larger agglomerates. These agglomerates have a larger mass and are not easily blown away by the wind, thus achieving the effect of dust suppression. It can enhance the wettability and permeability of the solution to dust, better adhere to and capture dust, and effectively improve the efficiency of spray dust removal.

[0013] Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2·H2O) is used as a humectant to keep dust moist in high temperature or dry environments, effectively preventing secondary dust.

[0014] Urea (CO(NH2)2) is used as a CO purification additive. Specifically, urea is an organic substance that can increase the solubility of CO in water when dissolved in water; on the other hand, the ammonia produced by urea dissolving in water forms an ammonia complex that can react with CO to further remove CO.

[0015] Ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4) is used as a nitrogen oxide purification additive. The aqueous solution of ammonium acetate can absorb gaseous nitrogen oxides. On the one hand, when nitrogen oxides (mainly NO2) come into contact with water, they can partially dissolve and form nitrous acid (HNO2) and nitric acid (HNO3). In the aqueous solution, the ammonia produced by the hydrolysis of ammonium acetate can react with the dissolved nitrogen oxides to further remove the nitrogen oxides.

[0016] Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB) is a zwitterionic surfactant, and sodium α-olefin sulfonate (AOS) is an anionic surfactant. The two have a synergistic effect, so using them together can improve surface activity and reduce surface tension. Specifically, the zwitterionic surfactant cocamidopropyl betaine molecule contains both positive and negative charges (i.e., quaternary ammonium cations and carboxylate anions). Its molecular structure is relatively large, and the hydrophilic group and the hydrophobic group are connected by amide groups to form a relatively soft molecular chain. This structure makes cocamidopropyl betaine have a certain steric hindrance in the solution, and it is difficult to form a very tight micelle structure. Therefore, its surface activity and ability to reduce surface tension are relatively weaker than those of anionic surfactants. Sodium α-olefin sulfonate is an anionic surfactant with a smaller molecular structure. Its hydrophilic group is a sulfonic acid anion, and its hydrophobic group is an olefin chain. The molecules of sodium α-olefin sulfonate are arranged more closely, have strong hydrophilicity, and are easy to form micelles in aqueous solution, so it has a strong ability to reduce surface tension. After the two are compounded, there is an electrostatic attraction between the quaternary ammonium cation in the cocamidopropyl betaine molecule and the sulfonate anion in the α-olefin sulfonate molecule. This electrostatic effect promotes the aggregation of the two surfactant molecules at the solution interface, thereby forming a more effective adsorption layer. The molecular structure of cocamidopropyl betaine is relatively complex and contains some gaps, while the α-olefin sulfonate molecule is smaller and can fill these gaps, making the molecular arrangement of the compound system more compact and reducing the surface tension.

[0017] Polyacrylamide (PAM) is used as a coagulating binder to improve the coagulation effect of dust suppressants on dust, form a stable dust layer and reduce dust diffusion.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the high-efficiency spray-type smoke suppressant, comprising the following steps:

[0019] (1) Add polyacrylamide into a mixer and add some water until it is completely dissolved;

[0020] (2) Add the remaining amount of water, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, urea and ammonium acetate into the mixer and stir;

[0021] (3) Add cocamidopropyl betaine and sodium α-olefin sulfonate into a mixer, and continue stirring until the components are evenly mixed to obtain the smoke suppressant.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding polyacrylamide to a mixer, adding 10% of the total water, heating and maintaining the temperature at 50°C, and stirring for 15-20 minutes until completely dissolved. Adding the remaining water to the mixer, adding magnesium chloride hexahydrate, urea, and ammonium acetate to the mixer in sequence at room temperature, and stirring continuously; finally, adding cocamidopropyl betaine and sodium α-olefin sulfonate to the mixer, and continuing to stir until the components are evenly mixed to obtain the smoke suppressant.

[0023] The present invention also provides an application of the smoke suppressant, which comprises spraying the smoke suppressant with a high-pressure spraying device after blasting to control smoke in the tunnel blasting area.

[0024] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the present invention include at least:

[0025] 1. The present invention provides a highly efficient spray-type smoke suppressant, the formula of which includes a surfactant, a moisturizer, a binder and a toxicity reducing additive, and the selection and proportion of each component are accurately calculated and optimized. The effects of efficient dust suppression and toxicity reduction are achieved simultaneously. This formula not only improves the dust suppression efficiency, but also significantly enhances the degradation capacity of toxic gases such as CO and nitrogen oxides.

[0026] 2. Compared with the traditional water cannon mud technology, the application of the smoke and dust suppressant of the present invention has obvious technical advantages, and has significantly improved the spraying efficiency, environmental adaptability and ease of operation. Especially in the treatment of toxic and harmful gases, the present invention can directly degrade the gas through chemical reaction instead of just physical isolation, which is a major breakthrough in technology. In addition, the smoke and dust suppressant of the present invention not only has a long-lasting effect, but also has low dependence on equipment, and is suitable for various spraying systems.

[0027] 3. The present invention strictly abides by environmental protection and safety standards when selecting all chemical components, ensuring the environmental protection and safety of smoke suppressants. All components are biodegradable and non-toxic, which not only protects the health of workers but also reduces the impact on the environment. The development of this environmentally friendly formula is a direct response to increasingly stringent environmental protection regulations.

[0028] 4. The preparation method of the smoke suppressant: involves specific operating steps and conditions to ensure the optimization of the smoke suppressant components during mixing, reaction and stability of the final product. This preparation method is simple, low-cost and easy to industrialize. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the technical problems to be solved, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, they are described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0030] The core formula of smoke suppressant is composed of surfactant, moisturizer, binder and toxicity reducing additive. Specifically, it includes the following components in percentage by weight: 0.05-0.15% cocamidopropyl betaine, 2-4% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.08-0.12% urea, 0.08-0.12% ammonium acetate, 0.05% polyacrylamide, 0.05% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, and the balance is water. It ensures its stability and high efficiency in complex construction environments.

[0031] The present invention is further described below by way of examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] A highly efficient sprayable smoke suppressant is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.10% cocamidopropyl betaine, 3.0% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.10% urea, 0.10% ammonium acetate, 0.05% polyacrylamide, 0.05% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, and the balance is water.

[0034] The preparation steps of the smoke suppressant solution are as follows: weigh 0.05% polyacrylamide by mass and add it to a mixing container, add 10% of the total water, heat and keep the temperature at 50°C, and stir for 15-20 minutes until it is completely dissolved. Add the remaining water to the mixer, add 3.0% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.10% urea, and 0.10% ammonium acetate to the mixer in sequence at room temperature, and stir continuously; finally, add 0.10% cocamidopropyl betaine and 0.05% sodium α-olefin sulfonate to the mixer, continue stirring until the components are evenly mixed, and obtain a finished smoke suppressant.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] A highly efficient sprayable smoke suppressant is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.05% cocamidopropyl betaine, 3.0% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.10% urea, 0.08% ammonium acetate, 0.05% polyacrylamide, 0.05% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, and the balance is water.

[0037] The preparation steps of the smoke suppressant solution are as follows: weigh 0.05% polyacrylamide by mass percentage and add it to a mixing container, add 10% of the total water, heat and keep the temperature at 50°C, and stir for 15-20 minutes until it is completely dissolved. Add the remaining water to the mixer, add 3.0% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.10% urea, and 0.08% ammonium acetate to the mixer in sequence at room temperature, and stir continuously; finally, add 0.05% cocamidopropyl betaine and 0.05% sodium α-olefin sulfonate to the mixer, continue stirring until the components are evenly mixed, and obtain a finished smoke suppressant.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] A highly efficient sprayable smoke suppressant is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.05% cocamidopropyl betaine, 3.50% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.09% urea, 0.08% ammonium acetate, 0.05% polyacrylamide, 0.05% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, and the balance is water.

[0040] The preparation steps of the smoke suppressant solution are as follows: weigh 0.05% polyacrylamide by mass and add it to a mixing container, add 10% of the total water, heat and keep the temperature at 50°C, and stir for 15-20 minutes until it is completely dissolved. Add the remaining water to the mixer, add 3.50% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.09% urea, and 0.08% ammonium acetate to the mixer in sequence at room temperature, and stir continuously; finally, add 0.05% cocamidopropyl betaine and 0.05% sodium α-olefin sulfonate to the mixer, continue stirring until the components are evenly mixed, and obtain a finished smoke suppressant.

[0041] Example 4

[0042] A highly efficient sprayable smoke suppressant is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.05% cocamidopropyl betaine, 3.60% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.09% urea, 0.08% ammonium acetate, 0.05% polyacrylamide, 0.05% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, and the balance is water.

[0043] The preparation steps of the smoke suppressant solution are as follows: weigh 0.05% polyacrylamide by mass and add it to a mixing container, add 10% of the total water, heat and keep the temperature at 50°C, and stir for 15-20 minutes until it is completely dissolved. Add the remaining water to the mixer, add 3.60% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.09% urea, and 0.08% ammonium acetate to the mixer in sequence at room temperature, and stir continuously; finally, add 0.05% cocamidopropyl betaine and 0.05% sodium α-olefin sulfonate to the mixer, continue stirring until the components are evenly mixed, and obtain a finished smoke suppressant.

[0044] Comparative Example 1

[0045] Use 100% clean water.

[0046] Comparative Example 2

[0047] A highly efficient sprayable smoke suppressant is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.05% cocamidopropyl betaine, 3.60% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.09% urea, 0.08% ammonium acetate, 0.05% polyacrylamide, and the balance is water.

[0048] The preparation steps of the smoke suppressant solution are as follows: weigh 0.05% polyacrylamide by mass percentage and add it to a mixing container, add 10% of the total water, heat and keep the temperature at 50°C, and stir for 15-20 minutes until it is completely dissolved. Add the remaining water to the mixer, add 3.60% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.09% urea, and 0.08% ammonium acetate to the mixer in sequence at room temperature, and stir continuously; finally, add 0.05% cocamidopropyl betaine to the mixer, continue stirring until the components are evenly mixed, and obtain a finished smoke suppressant.

[0049] Comparative Example 3

[0050] A highly efficient sprayable smoke suppressant is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.05% cocamidopropyl betaine, 3.60% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.15% urea, 0.15% ammonium acetate, 0.05% polyacrylamide, 0.05% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, and the balance is water.

[0051] The preparation steps of the smoke suppressant solution are as follows: weigh 0.05% polyacrylamide by mass and add it to a mixing container, add 10% of the total water, heat and keep the temperature at 50°C, and stir for 15-20 minutes until it is completely dissolved. Add the remaining water to the mixer, add 3.60% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.15% urea, and 0.15% ammonium acetate to the mixer in sequence at room temperature, and stir continuously; finally, add 0.05% cocamidopropyl betaine and 0.05% sodium α-olefin sulfonate to the mixer, continue stirring until the components are evenly mixed, and obtain a finished smoke suppressant.

[0052] The smoke suppressants prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested respectively, with surface tension, dust sample water loss rate at 60°C for 2 hours, CO purification efficiency and NO2 purification efficiency as four experimental indicators. The specific methods are as follows:

[0053] The surface tension of the solutions of each solution was measured using a BZY surface tension meter. To reduce experimental errors, Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were measured three times, and the average value was taken as the final result.

[0054] Weigh 10.0 g of dry 200 mesh dust and spread it in a 60 mm culture dish. Use a small beaker to weigh 5.0 g of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 respectively, and sprinkle them evenly on the surface of the dust. After the solution completely penetrates the dust, record the initial mass of each sample, place it in a 60°C forced drying oven, weigh it after 2 hours, and calculate its water loss rate.

[0055] The detoxification efficiency was investigated by measuring the changes in the concentration of toxic and harmful gases before and after the solution treatment of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3. A CO gas with a concentration of 5.0% was introduced into a triangular flask at a rate of 200 ml / min for 90 seconds to exhaust the air in the container to ensure the CO experimental environment. 50 ml of the detoxification solution to be tested was extracted with a syringe and injected into a triangular flask to start timing. After 3 minutes of reaction, a syringe was used to connect a rubber tube to extract the gas in the container, which was placed in a gas collection bag and marked. The CO concentration after treatment with each solution was measured using a photoacoustic spectrometer and compared with the initial concentration of the experiment to calculate the removal efficiency.

[0056] The concentration of nitrogen oxides was determined by the naphthylethylenediamine hydrochloride spectrophotometer method. Since NO is relatively unstable and easily converted into NO2, NO2 was used as the object during the test, and the NO2 content after passing through the solution of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was mainly determined. Specifically, 5.0g aminobenzenesulfonic acid was weighed and dissolved in 200ml of 50°C hot water, the solution was cooled to room temperature, all transferred to a 1000ml volumetric flask, 50ml of glacial acetic acid was added and stirred evenly, and then 0.05g of naphthylethylenediamine hydrochloride dissolved in water was added, diluted with water to the mark, and stirred evenly. When used, it was diluted with clean water at a ratio of 1:4, poured into a 100ml colorimetric tube one by one, and sealed for standby use. 50ml solutions of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were sprayed into glass bottles containing an equal amount of NO2, and after fully reacting for 3min, the remaining gas was extracted and introduced into a colorimetric tube containing an absorption liquid. The wavelength of the UV-visible spectrophotometer is displayed as 540nm, and clean water is used as a control to measure the absorbance of the absorption liquid in the colorimetric tube. Then NO2 is absorbed by the absorption liquid to generate nitrous acid, which undergoes a diazotization reaction with p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, and then couples with naphthylethylenediamine hydrochloride to generate a rose red product. The absorbance of the generated azo dye at a wavelength of 540nm is proportional to the content of NO2, so the nitrogen oxide content is quantitatively measured by spectrophotometry based on the color depth. Compare it with the initial concentration of NO2 gas to calculate the removal efficiency.

[0057] Table 1 Results of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0058]

[0059] In the high-efficiency spray-type smoke suppressant provided in Example 1, the raw material addition amount is the median value of each substance concentration, specifically: cocamidopropyl betaine 0.10%, magnesium chloride hexahydrate 3.0%, urea 0.10%, ammonium acetate 0.10%, in addition, polyacrylamide 0.05%, α-sodium olefin sulfonate 0.05%, and the remainder is water. Through surface tension measurement, it is concluded that the critical micelle concentration of cocamidopropyl betaine is 0.10%, and the critical micelle concentration of α-sodium olefin sulfonate is 0.05%, and the critical micelle concentration of the mixed solution will be reduced when the two appear synergistically. Therefore, on the basis of Example 1, the addition amount of cocamidopropyl betaine is adjusted to 0.05%, so as to investigate the influence of the addition amount of cocamidopropyl betaine on the surface tension of one of the experimental indicators. At the same time, by adjusting the addition amount of urea and ammonium acetate, the influence of the reduction of the two contents on CO and NO2 purification efficiency is investigated. At the same time, the addition amount of other raw materials is kept the same as Example 1.

[0060] Thus, the highly efficient sprayable smoke suppressant of Example 2 is obtained, which contains 0.05% cocamidopropyl betaine, 3.0% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.08% urea, 0.08% ammonium acetate, 0.05% polyacrylamide, 0.05% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, and the balance is water. Through testing, it can be seen that the surface tension of Example 2 is lower than that of Example 1, and the purification efficiency of CO and NO2 is increased.

[0061] The amount of magnesium chloride hexahydrate added was increased to 4.0%, and the effect on the water loss rate of dust samples at 60°C for 2h, one of the experimental indicators, was investigated. Since the CO purification efficiency increased after the amount of urea added in Example 1 was adjusted from 0.10% to 0.08% in Example 2, the amount of urea added in Example 3 was 0.09%, so as to investigate how the CO purification efficiency, one of the experimental indicators, changed. At the same time, the amount of other raw materials added was the same as in Example 2. In the high-efficiency spray-type smoke suppressant provided in Example 3, 0.05% cocamidopropyl betaine, 4.0% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.09% urea, 0.08% ammonium acetate, 0.05% polyacrylamide, 0.05% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, and the remainder was water. It can be seen from the test that the water loss rate of dust samples at 60°C for 2h in Example 3 is increased compared with that in Example 2, and the CO purification efficiency is increased compared with that in Example 1 and Example 2.

[0062] Since the amount of magnesium chloride hexahydrate added in Example 2 is adjusted from 3.0% to 4.0% in Example 3, the dust sample water loss rate at 60°C for 2h increases, so the amount of magnesium chloride hexahydrate added in Example 4 is adjusted to 3.60% to examine how the dust sample water loss rate at 60°C for 2h, one of the experimental indicators, changes. At the same time, the amount of other raw materials added is the same as that in Example 3. In the high-efficiency spray-type smoke suppressant provided in Example 4, there are 0.05% cocamidopropyl betaine, 3.60% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.09% urea, and 0.08% ammonium acetate. In addition, 0.05% polyacrylamide and 0.05% sodium α-olefin sulfonate are added, and the balance is water. It can be seen from the test that the dust sample water loss rate at 60°C for 2h in Example 4 is lower than that in Example 3.

[0063] By gradually adjusting the amount of each raw material added, the highly efficient sprayable smoke suppressant of Example 4 was finally obtained, which contained 0.05% cocamidopropyl betaine, 3.60% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.09% urea, 0.08% ammonium acetate, 0.05% polyacrylamide, 0.05% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, and the balance was water. Compared with Examples 1-3, its surface tension and dust sample water loss rate at 60°C for 2h were the lowest, and CO purification efficiency and NO2 purification efficiency were the highest. This shows that the smoke suppressant has a significantly improved smoke suppression effect.

[0064] Comparative Example 1 uses 100% clean water. Compared with the embodiments, the surface tension of Comparative Example 1 is significantly improved; the anti-evaporation performance is also reduced, and the dust sample water loss rate at 60°C for 2 hours increases to nearly 100%; the CO purification efficiency is significantly reduced, and the weak dissolution of CO in water is used to obtain a purification efficiency of 18.27%; the NO2 purification efficiency is significantly reduced, and NO2 is used to easily react with water to generate nitrous acid (HNO2) and nitric acid (HNO3), and a purification efficiency of 42.56% is obtained.

[0065] Compared with Example 4, Comparative Example 2 only adds 0.05% of a zwitterionic surfactant cocamidopropyl betaine, and does not add anionic surfactant sodium α-olefin sulfonate, to highlight the importance of synergy. At the same time, the addition amount of other raw materials is the same as that of Example 4. The surface tension of Comparative Example 2 is significantly higher than that of Example 4. At the same time, due to the increase in surface tension, the wettability of the solution to dust is also reduced, so another experimental indicator, the dust sample water loss rate at 60°C for 2h, is also increased. When the zwitterionic surfactant cocamidopropyl betaine is used alone, an ideal use effect cannot be obtained.

[0066] Compared with Example 4, Comparative Example 3 increases the amount of urea and ammonium acetate added to 0.15% to examine its effect on CO purification efficiency and NO2 purification efficiency. The CO purification efficiency and NO2 purification efficiency of Comparative Example 3 are significantly lower than those of Example 4.

[0067] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that by comparing the experimental indicators of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3, the smoke suppressant provided by Example 4 has a better smoke suppression effect, which can effectively improve the tunnel working environment and ensure the safety of underground workers.

[0068] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A highly efficient spray-type smoke suppressant, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.05-0.15% of cocamidopropyl betaine, 2-4% of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.08-0.12% of urea, 0.08-0.12% of ammonium acetate, 0.05% of polyacrylamide, 0.05% of sodium α-olefin sulfonate, and the balance is water.

2. The high-efficiency spray-type smoke suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.05% cocamidopropyl betaine, 3.60% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.09% urea, 0.08% ammonium acetate, 0.05% polyacrylamide, 0.05% sodium α-olefin sulfonate, and the balance is water.

3. The method for preparing the high-efficiency spray-type smoke suppressant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Add polyacrylamide into a mixer and add some water until it is completely dissolved; (2) Add the remaining amount of water, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, urea and ammonium acetate into the mixer and stir; (3) Add cocamidopropyl betaine and sodium α-olefin sulfonate into a mixer, and continue stirring until the components are evenly mixed to obtain the smoke suppressant.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Add polyacrylamide to the mixer, add 10% of the total water, heat and maintain the temperature at 50°C, and stir for 15-20 minutes until it is completely dissolved; (2) Add the remaining water into the mixer, and add magnesium chloride hexahydrate, urea, and ammonium acetate into the mixer in sequence at room temperature, stirring continuously; (3) Add cocamidopropyl betaine and sodium α-olefin sulfonate into a mixer, and continue stirring until the components are evenly mixed to obtain the smoke suppressant.

5. The use of the smoke suppressant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The method comprises spraying the smoke suppressant with high pressure spraying equipment after blasting to control the smoke in the tunnel blasting area.

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