Microemulsion cleaning agent capable of rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive dirt

Abstract

The invention discloses a microemulsion cleaning agent capable of rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive dirt, and belongs to the technical field of special decontaminants. The microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive dirt comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15 to 20 percent of surfactant, 10 to 15 percent of oxidant, 10 to 15 percent of green chelating agent, 1 to 1.5 percent of assistant, 20 to 50 percent of oil, 0.001 to 0.5 percent of defoaming agent, 0.01 to 7 percent of corrosion inhibitor and the balance of water. The product obtained by the invention integrates oxidation, chelation and solvation, can effectively remove reduced dirt, quickly and efficiently capture and wrap nuclide ions, and is firmly combined to quickly and effectively remove radioactive dirt.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of special cleaning agents, and in particular relates to a microemulsion cleaning agent for removing radioactive contaminants. Background Art

[0002] Removing radioactive nuclides is an indispensable part of the daily operation of nuclear power plants (stations). Among them, how to remove radioactive contaminants from the surface of nuclear facility equipment and workpieces is an important work content. At present, there are many methods for decontamination of nuclear facilities, such as sandblasting, ultrasonic cleaning, dry ice cleaning, chemical cleaning, etc. These methods have disadvantages to varying degrees. For example, the treatment will be accompanied by the formation of a large amount of radioactive dust and the generation of secondary pollutants, which will cause serious pollution around the working environment, which will bring serious harm to the health of operators and the environment, and in some cases, even explosions. Another example is ultrasonic cleaning, which is to immerse the objects in the solution, which has the disadvantage of being difficult to handle for large objects. Dry ice cleaning is different from other spray media. Its particle temperature is extremely low (-78℃). Such a low temperature is dry ice cleaning has unique thermodynamic properties, which affects the mechanical properties of adhered dirt. Although chemical cleaning can overcome some of the above-mentioned shortcomings, the large amount of radioactive wastewater generated after treatment and the difficulty in handling large-volume devices have always troubled technicians.

[0003] Chinese patent CN 102899206 B provides a method for preparing a radioactive nuclide detergent, wherein the radioactive nuclide detergent is composed of component A and component B; wherein component A is a konjac glucomannan ester solution; component B is prepared by mixing organic acid, chelating agent, anionic surfactant, film-forming aid, essence, and water in the mass percentages of 2% to 5%, 5% to 10%, 5% to 10%, 4% to 5%, 4% to 5%, and 65% to 80%. The detergent is mainly used to decontaminate radioactively contaminated metal surfaces, and achieves rapid and efficient decontamination by forming a film on the metal surface, adsorbing the metal surface and pollutants, and then removing the film. Chinese patent CN 118374177A discloses a radioactive decontaminant containing a biochelating agent with a peelable film, which is prepared by using polyvinyl alcohol and microbial mycelium as a radioactive nuclide chelating agent, and using a thickener, a plasticizer, a surfactant, and a defoaming agent in combination. This patented technology also uses a detergent to form a film on the surface of radioactive pollutants, uses the film adhesion to adsorb radioactive pollutants on the surface of the object, and then peels off the film to remove the radioactive pollutants. However, the effective removal of the film by the film adsorption method is a more difficult problem.

[0004] Based on long-term follow-up research, the applicant applied for an invention patent for a cleaning agent for removing radioactive pollutants in 2023 (CN116948751 A, published on October 27, 2023). Its composition and the mass percentage of each component are: 5-20% surfactant, 10-30% chelating agent, 0.3-2% natural product with radiation protection effect, and the remaining 48-85% is deionized water. Although the cleaning agent for removing radioactive nuclides provided by the invention has strong performance in removing radioactive metal ions and good biosafety, and is directly applicable to the human body surface, it is mainly suitable for use as a special detergent, special detergent, special bathing product or special bathing product additive. If it is used to clean radioactive pollutants on the surface of nuclear facilities and equipment and workpieces, since the effective components are selected to be non-irritating to the human body and have care and beauty ingredients, in the field of industrial use with large dosage, it is not only costly, but also difficult to effectively remove radioactive pollutants. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the technical problems existing in the existing industrial radionuclide decontaminants, the applicant has developed a microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants based on the existing technology.

[0006] The present invention selects a surfactant with strong resistance to extreme environments and a green chelating agent with super strong chelating effect as the main raw materials, adds an appropriate amount of green oily solvent and a green oxidant that is non-corrosive to equipment, and obtains a microemulsion cleaning agent product that integrates oxidation, chelation and solvation, which can quickly and efficiently remove radioactive pollutants through a simple preparation process and mild preparation conditions.

[0007] The detailed technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants, the raw material composition and the mass percentage of each component are: 15-20% surfactant, 10-15% oxidant, 10-15% chelating agent, 1-1.5% auxiliary agent, 20-50% oily solvent, 0.001-0.5% defoaming agent, 0.01-7% corrosion inhibitor, and the balance is water.

[0009] Preferably, the surfactant is one or more of lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate, decanol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate, octanol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate, lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, dodecyl benzene ether sulfonate, tetradecyl benzene ether sulfonate and hexadecyl benzene ether sulfonate.

[0010] Preferably, the oxidant is one or both of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid.

[0011] Preferably, the chelating agent is one or more of sodium gluconate, sodium citrate, tetrasodium glutamate diacetate GLDA, and trisodium methylglycine diacetate MGDA.

[0012] Preferably, the auxiliary agent is one or more of triethanolamine, ethanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-hexanol, n-octanol and isooctyl alcohol.

[0013] Preferably, the oily solvent is one or more of liquid paraffin, petroleum ether, No. 40 solvent oil, No. 60 solvent oil, No. 80 solvent oil, No. 120 solvent oil, and limonene.

[0014] Preferably, the defoamer is a silicone defoamer or a polyether defoamer.

[0015] Preferably, the corrosion inhibitor is one or more of polycarboxylic acid, benzotriazole BTA and phosphate corrosion inhibitor.

[0016] The method for preparing the microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0017] The production equipment used is cleaned and disinfected, and a surfactant, an auxiliary agent and a solvent are added at room temperature and stirred for 10 to 15 minutes until uniform to obtain a transparent microemulsion. A green chelating agent, an oxidant, a defoaming agent and a corrosion inhibitor according to a proportion are added to the obtained mixed solution, and the stirring is continued for 20 to 40 minutes to obtain a microemulsion cleaning agent for quickly and efficiently removing radioactive pollutants. In the preparation process, the raw material composition and the mass percentage of each component are: 15-20% of surfactant, 10-15% of oxidant, 10-15% of chelating agent, 1-1.5% of auxiliary agent, 20-50% of oily solvent, 0.001-0.5% of defoaming agent, 0.01-7% of corrosion inhibitor, and the balance is water.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants disclosed in the present invention are as follows:

[0019] (1) The radioactive pollutants on the surface of nuclear facilities and workpieces are characterized by being easily wrapped in reduced dirt, while ordinary industrial radionuclide decontaminants usually have a single formula that only considers the active components of the radioactive pollutants to be removed. Therefore, in actual application, the radioactive pollutants wrapped by reduced dirt and the like cannot be completely removed at one time. The microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive pollutants provided by the present invention integrates oxidation, chelation, and solvation. Through oxidation, the reduced dirt is effectively removed, thereby releasing the wrapped nuclides, which are efficiently captured and firmly bound by the chelating agent, thereby rapidly and effectively removing the radioactive pollutants. The use of a certain proportion of solvents in the formula can, on the one hand, enable the microemulsion cleaning agent to maintain a stable emulsion state, and on the other hand, during use, the residual stains such as the reduced dirt that are oxidized and decomposed can be dissolved in the solvent, thereby exposing the wrapped nuclides and improving the removal rate.

[0020] (2) The preparation method of the microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants provided by the present invention is simple and the preparation conditions are mild. It can be obtained by simple mixing, stirring and other operations at room temperature, and all raw materials are green and environmentally friendly materials. No waste organic reagents, waste organic solvents, waste acids and by-products are generated during the preparation process.

[0021] (3) The microemulsion cleaning agent provided by the present invention for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants uses a green, environmentally friendly, biodegradable chelating agent that does not have an impact on the environment. At the same time, under the premise of maintaining efficient decontamination, the amount of chelating agent used is small, and the system stability is high, which solves the problem of excessive chelating agent / complexing agent content in existing cleaning agent formulas, resulting in system instability and easy stratification.

[0022] (4) The microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants provided by the present invention exhibits excellent performance in removing highly radioactive contaminants. Tests have shown that the microemulsion cleaning agent product for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants provided by the present invention has a radioactive contaminant removal rate of up to 92.5%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0025] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0026] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants, comprising the following components by mass percentage:

[0029] A. 20% of lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate, decanol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate and octanol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate, the mass ratio of lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate, decanol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate and octanol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate is 1:1:1;

[0030] B. Chelating agent: Sodium citrate, tetrasodium glutamate diacetate GLDA, trisodium methylglycine diacetate MGDA, the ratio is 1:2:1, accounting for 13%;

[0031] C. Oil: No. 60 solvent oil, accounting for 40%;

[0032] D. Additives: n-butanol, n-hexanol, and triethanolamine, with a ratio of 3:2:1, accounting for 1.5%;

[0033] E. Oxidant: hydrogen peroxide 13%;

[0034] F. Defoamer: polyether defoamer 0.2%;

[0035] G. Corrosion inhibitor: a compound of polycarboxylic acid, phosphate corrosion inhibitor, and benzotriazole BTA, with a ratio of 5:2:1, accounting for 6%;

[0036] H. Water balance.

[0037] The preparation method of the microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants is as follows:

[0038] S1. Clean and disinfect the production equipment used, and weigh each component according to the above mass percentage;

[0039] S2. After adding surfactant, auxiliary agent and solvent, stir for 5 minutes until uniform to obtain a transparent microemulsion. Add chelating agent, hydrogen peroxide solution, defoaming agent and corrosion inhibitor in proportion to the obtained mixture, continue stirring for 10 minutes, and obtain a microemulsion cleaning agent that can quickly and efficiently remove radioactive contaminants.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] The product formula is different from that of Example 1 in that the surfactant is composed of dodecylbenzene ether sulfonate, tetradecylbenzene ether sulfonate and hexadecylbenzene ether sulfonate, and the content is 20%. The ratio of dodecylbenzene ether sulfonate, tetradecylbenzene ether sulfonate and hexadecylbenzene ether sulfonate is 2:1:1. The preparation method of the cleaning agent is referred to Example 1.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] The difference between the product formula and Example 1 is that the amount of the polyether defoamer added is 0.001%. The types and contents of the other components are the same as those in Example 1, and the preparation method of the cleaning agent is similar to that in Example 1.

[0044] Example 4

[0045] A microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants, comprising the following components by mass percentage:

[0046] A. lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate and dodecyl benzene oxide sulfonate 20%, the mass ratio of lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate and dodecyl benzene oxide sulfonate is 1:2;

[0047] B. Chelating agent: Glutamic acid diacetate tetrasodium GLDA and methylglycine diacetate trisodium MGDA, the ratio is 1:1, accounting for 15%;

[0048] C. Oil: No. 80 solvent oil, accounting for 40%;

[0049] D. Additives: n-butanol, n-hexanol, and triethanolamine, with a ratio of 3:2:1, accounting for 1.5%;

[0050] E. Oxidant: The amount of oxidant added is 15%, wherein the ratio of hydrogen peroxide to peracetic acid is 2:1;

[0051] F. Defoamer: 0.5% silicone defoamer;

[0052] G. Corrosion inhibitor: a compound of polycarboxylic acid, phosphate corrosion inhibitor, and benzotriazole BTA, with a ratio of 5:2:1, accounting for 7%;

[0053] H. Water balance.

[0054] The preparation method of the cleaning agent is as described in Example 1.

[0055] Example 5

[0056] The difference between the product formula and Example 4 is that the amount of corrosion inhibitor added is 0.01%. The preparation method of the cleaning agent is similar to that of Example 1.

[0057] Example 6

[0058] A microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants, comprising the following components by mass percentage:

[0059] A. 20% of lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate, decanol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate and octanol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate, the mass ratio of lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate, decanol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate and octanol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate is 1:1:1;

[0060] B. Chelating agent: Glutamic acid diacetate tetrasodium GLDA and methylglycine diacetate trisodium MGDA, the ratio is 1:1, accounting for 13%;

[0061] C. Oil: No. 40 solvent oil, No. 60 solvent oil, No. 80 solvent oil, No. 120 solvent oil, the ratio is 1:1:1:1, accounting for 50%;

[0062] D. Additives: n-butanol, n-pentanol, and n-hexanol are compounded in a ratio of 2:1:2, accounting for 1.5%;

[0063] E. Oxidant: hydrogen peroxide 13%;

[0064] F. Defoamer: The ratio of silicone defoamer to polyether defoamer is 3:5, accounting for 0.5%;

[0065] G. Corrosion inhibitor: a compound of polycarboxylic acid, phosphate corrosion inhibitor, and benzotriazole BTA, with a ratio of 5:2:1, accounting for 7%;

[0066] H. Water balance.

[0067] The preparation method of the cleaning agent is as described in Example 1.

[0068] Example 7

[0069] The product formula is different from that of Example 6 in that the amount of oil added is 20%, and the product is composed of liquid paraffin, petroleum ether, and limonene in a ratio of 5:15:1. The preparation method of the cleaning agent is similar to that of Example 1.

[0070] Example 8

[0071] The difference between the product formula and Example 6 is that the amount of the additive added is 1%, and the ratio of n-octanol and isooctyl alcohol is 2:1. The preparation method of the cleaning agent is similar to that of Example 1.

[0072] Example 9

[0073] A microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants, comprising the following components by mass percentage:

[0074] A. 15% of lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate and decyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate, the mass ratio of lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate to decyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate is 1:1;

[0075] B. Chelating agent: Sodium gluconate and sodium citrate, the ratio is 1:1, accounting for 10%;

[0076] C. Oil: No. 120 solvent oil and limonene, the ratio is 25:1, accounting for 30%;

[0077] D. Additives: n-butanol, n-pentanol, and n-hexanol are compounded in a ratio of 2:1:2, accounting for 1.5%;

[0078] E. Oxidant: peracetic acid 10%;

[0079] F. Defoamer: 0.2% silicone defoamer;

[0080] G. Corrosion inhibitor: a compound of polycarboxylic acid, phosphate corrosion inhibitor, and benzotriazole BTA, with a ratio of 5:2:1, accounting for 7%;

[0081] H. Water balance.

[0082] The technical effects of the microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants prepared in Examples 1 to 9 of the present invention are further illustrated by Examples 10 to 12.

[0083] Example 10

[0084] The detergency of several microemulsion cleaning agents prepared in Examples 1 to 9 was tested using the light industry standard "Universal Water-Based Metal Cleaner" (QB / T 2117-1995). The specific testing process and method are as follows:

[0085] S1. Sample preparation: Prepare a 3% cleaning solution with 250ppm hard water according to QB / T 2117-1995.

[0086] S2. Detergent test: Pour 400mL of 3% detergent solution into a 500mL beaker or porcelain jar, then place the beaker in a 60±2℃ water bath to keep the detergent solution temperature at 60±2℃. Clamp the oily test piece on the swing rack of the swing washer so that the surface of the test piece is perpendicular to the swing direction. Soak in the detergent solution for 3 minutes, then immediately start the swing washer for 3 minutes. After the swing washing is completed, take out the test piece together with the hook, wash it in 60±2℃, 400mL distilled water for 30s, hang it on the test piece rack, put it in a constant temperature drying oven at 40±2℃, dry it for 2h, cool it to room temperature, weigh it, and calculate the cleaning power. The cleaning power X1 is calculated as follows (1):

[0087]

[0088] In formula (1), X1 is the cleaning power (%), m0 is the mass of the test piece (g), m1 is the mass of the oil-coated test piece before cleaning (g), and m2 is the mass of the oil-coated test piece after cleaning (g).

[0089] S3. Judgment of test results: Among the cleaning power values ​​obtained by parallel testing with three test pieces, there should be at least two pieces whose values ​​differ by no more than 3%. Otherwise, the test should be repeated and the average value should be taken as the measurement result. The oil removal rate should be greater than 90%.

[0090] The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0091] Table 1 Oil cleaning rate of Examples 1-9

[0092] Example Cleaning rate (%) Example 1 98.9 Example 2 95.0 Example 3 98.2 Example 4 96.2 Example 5 97.3 Example 6 96.6 Example 7 91.3 Example 8 92.4 Example 9 93.2

[0093] It can be seen from Table 1 that the cleaning rates of Examples 1 to 9 have all reached 90%, meeting the standard requirements.

[0094] Embodiment 11

[0095] The foaming power of several microemulsion cleaning agents for rapid and efficient removal of radioactive contaminants prepared in Examples 1 to 9 was tested using the national standard, and the test was based on GB / T 13173.11-2021 "Determination of Foaming Power of Cleaning Agents (Ross-Miles Method)". The specific test process and method are as follows:

[0096] S1. Sample preparation: Before testing, start the water pump in advance to allow circulating water to pass through the graduated tube jacket, stabilize the water temperature at (40 ± 0.5) °C, and keep the temperature of the test solution constant at (40 ± 0.5) °C before starting the test. The inner wall of the graduated tube is pre-soaked in chromic acid and sulfuric acid solution overnight, and rinsed with distilled water until there is no acid. During the test, rinse the inner wall of the graduated tube with distilled water first, and then rinse the inner wall of the graduated tube with the test solution. The rinse should be complete, but no foam should be left on the inner wall.

[0097] S2. Foaming power test: Inject the test solution from the bottom of the graduated tube to above the 50mL scale line, close the stopcock of the graduated tube, let it stand for 5 minutes, and adjust the stopcock so that the liquid level is just at the 50mL scale. Fill the dropper with 200mL of test solution by suction, place it on the top of the graduated tube, open the stopcock of the dropper, and let the solution flow down. When the solution in the dropper is finished, immediately start the stopwatch and read the starting foam height (take the average height of the foam edge and the vertex), and read the second reading at the end of 5 minutes. Repeat the above test 2 to 3 times with new test solution. Before each test, the tube wall should be cleaned with test solution.

[0098] S3. Test result judgment: The foaming power of the cleaning agent is expressed in millimeters by the initial or 5-minute foam height. The average value of at least three results with errors within the allowable range is taken as the final result. The error between multiple test results should not exceed 5mm.

[0099] The experimental results are shown in Table 2.

[0100] Table 2 Foaming power test results

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] As can be seen from Table 2, adding a defoamer can significantly reduce the foaming power of the cleaning agent, making it easier to clean.

[0104] Example 12

[0105] The light industry standard QB / T 2117-1995 "Universal Water-Based Metal Cleaner" was used to conduct a corrosion test on a variety of microemulsion cleaning agents for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants prepared in Examples 1 to 9. The specific testing process and method are as follows:

[0106] S1. Sample preparation: Prepare a 3% detergent solution with deionized water.

[0107] S2. Corrosion test: Place a beaker containing 400 mL of cleaning solution in a constant temperature water bath and keep the solution at a constant temperature of 80 ± 2 °C. 30 Cast iron, H62 Brass, LY 12 Four kinds of hard aluminum test pieces are placed in a 40±2℃ oven to dry for 30 minutes, cooled, and weighed. Then they are hung on a beam placed horizontally at the mouth of a beaker, and the test pieces are completely immersed in the test solution (not touching the bottom and not showing the top). In each beaker, only two test pieces of the same material are placed. After 2 hours, the test pieces are taken out. They are washed with deionized water, dried with hot air, and the appearance is checked. The test pieces are then placed in a 40±2℃ oven to dry for 30 minutes, cooled in a desiccator, and weighed. The corrosion amount X of the test piece is expressed in milligrams of its mass change and calculated according to formula (2).

[0108] X=(m1-m2)×1000 (2)

[0109] In formula (2), m1 is the mass of the specimen before the corrosion test (g), and m2 is the mass of the specimen after the corrosion test (g).

[0110] S3. Test result judgment: The appearance of the four metal sheets should have no obvious signs of corrosion. 30 Cast iron, LY 12 The corrosion amount of hard aluminum should be less than 2mg, H 62 The amount of brass corrosion should be less than 3mg.

[0111] The experimental results are shown in Table 3.

[0112] Table 3 Corrosive test results

[0113] project 45 steel <![CDATA[Z 30 Cast Iron]]> <![CDATA[H 62 Brass]]> <![CDATA[LY 12 Hard Aluminum]]> Example 1 pass pass pass pass Example 2 pass pass pass pass Example 3 pass pass pass pass Example 4 pass pass pass pass Example 5 Failed Failed Failed Failed Example 6 pass pass pass pass Example 7 pass pass pass pass Example 8 pass pass pass pass Example 9 pass pass pass pass

[0114] It can be seen from Table 3 that, except for Example 5, the amount of corrosion inhibitor in the formulation of the embodiments of the present invention can meet the corrosiveness requirements of QB / T2117-1995.

[0115] Embodiment 13

[0116] This example is a test of the cleaning agents prepared in Examples 1 to 9 for the radioactive nuclides. 235 U and 90 The removal effect of Sr, the specific detection process and method are as follows:

[0117] S1. Sample preparation method: Prepare samples containing radionuclides separately 235 U and 90 The Sr contaminated solution was made to have a concentration of about 19 Bq / cm 2 and 574Bq / cm 2 .

[0118] S2. Soak the slide in a solution containing radioactive ions, and test the radioactive ion concentration contained in the slide contaminated by the radioactive ion contamination solution. The specific detection method is as follows:

[0119] Record the background concentration of radioactive elements. Place the slide in a conical flask containing the contaminated liquid, record the concentration of radioactive elements on the slide after contamination, shake to remove contaminants, wash and dry, and record the concentration of radioactive elements remaining on the slide after decontamination. Repeat the above operation three times.

[0120] S3. Calculation of decontamination rate: Based on the difference between the concentration of the radiation element after decontamination and the concentration of the radiation element before decontamination, the decontamination rate and the average decontamination rate are further calculated.

[0121] The experimental results are shown in Table 4.

[0122] Table 4 Decontamination results for irradiated ions

[0123]

[0124]

[0125] As shown in Table 4, the cleaning agents prepared in Examples 1 to 9 have a positive effect on radionuclides. 235 The removal effect of U is basically above 99%; 90 The removal effect of Sr is no less than 91.45%, and the highest can reach 96.84%, showing excellent radioactive pollutant removal performance.

[0126] The above is only a description of the best embodiment of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments obtained from the description of the present invention will be obvious to the technician. The descriptions in the specification and examples are only exemplary.

Claims

1. A microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants, characterized in that: The raw material composition and mass percentage of each component of the microemulsion cleaning agent are: surfactant 15-20%, oxidant 10-15%, chelating agent 10-15%, auxiliary agent 1-1.5%, oily solvent 20-50%, defoaming agent 0.001-0.5%, corrosion inhibitor 0.01-7%, and the balance is water.

2. The microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surfactant is one or more of lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate, decanol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate, octanol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate, lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, dodecyl benzene ether sulfonate, tetradecyl benzene ether sulfonate and hexadecyl benzene ether sulfonate.

3. The microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oxidant is one or both of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid.

4. The microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chelating agent is one or more of sodium gluconate, sodium citrate, tetrasodium glutamate diacetate GLDA, and trisodium methylglycine diacetate MGDA.

5. The microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary agent is one or more of triethanolamine, ethanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-hexanol, n-octanol and isooctyl alcohol.

6. The microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oily solvent is one or more of liquid paraffin, petroleum ether, No. 40 solvent oil, No. 60 solvent oil, No. 80 solvent oil, No. 120 solvent oil and limonene.

7. The microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The defoamer is one or more of an organosilicon defoamer or a polyether defoamer.

8. The microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The corrosion inhibitor is one or more of polycarboxylic acid, benzotriazole BTA and phosphate corrosion inhibitor.

9. The microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method for preparing the microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants comprises the following steps: (1) At room temperature, a surfactant, a co-surfactant and an oil are mixed in proportion and stirred to obtain a microemulsion; (2) Then, a chelating agent, an oxidizing agent, a defoaming agent, and a corrosion inhibitor are added to the obtained microemulsion in order according to the mass percentage of each component, and the mixture is stirred evenly to obtain a microemulsion cleaning agent for removing radioactive contaminants.

10. The microemulsion cleaning agent for rapidly and efficiently removing radioactive contaminants according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step (1), the heating and stirring temperature is room temperature, 20-28°C, and the stirring time is 10-15 min; in step (2), the heating and stirring reaction temperature is room temperature, 20-28°C, and the stirring reaction time is 20-40 min.

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