Adjustable directional eccentric casing guide tool

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of downhole casing guiding, and discloses a direction-adjustable eccentric casing guiding tool for guiding a casing through a well. The tool comprises a shell, a rotating mechanism, an eccentric guiding head, a driving mechanism and a measurement and control mechanism. The measurement and control mechanism calculates the angle at which the eccentric guiding head needs to be rotated according to the angle of the central shaft, the axial direction and the position of the stepped obstacle, controls the driving mechanism to drive the central shaft to rotate and drive the eccentric guiding head to rotate, and makes the side with a larger inclination angle of the eccentric guiding head rotate to the direction of the stepped obstacle. The side with a larger inclination angle can easily guide the casing through the stepped obstacle, so that the direction-adjustable eccentric casing guiding tool and the casing are inclined to the side without the stepped obstacle, the casing is prevented from being stuck on the stepped obstacle, the passability is improved, the working difficulty is reduced, and the construction progress is accelerated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of downhole casing guidance technology, and in particular to an adjustable eccentric casing guidance tool. Background Technology

[0002] In oil and gas exploration, mechanical equipment is used to drill holes from the surface into the formation to form wells, in order to complete underground exploration tasks or transport mineral deposits. After drilling is completed, casing is usually installed in the well. The casing strengthens the well wall, prevents wellhead collapse, and ensures the safety and smooth progress of downhole operations.

[0003] As mineral resources are mined, older wells need to be deepened, and new wells require casing installation to ensure well stability. However, in older wells, casing can deform or misalign due to formation movement, or in new wells, irregular wellbore shapes can create step obstacles that hinder casing passage. Conventional casing guide shoes have poor handling of these step obstacles, making it difficult to guide the casing string into the well and significantly slowing down the construction progress. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adjustable eccentric cannula guide tool to solve the technical problem of poor passability of existing cannula guide tools for step obstacles.

[0005] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] An adjustable directional eccentric casing guide tool, used to guide casing through the well, includes:

[0007] The housing has a first accommodating cavity and one end is connected to the sleeve.

[0008] A rotating mechanism is rotatably disposed in the first accommodating cavity. The rotating mechanism includes a central shaft, the axis of which extends in the same direction as the axis of the housing. The central shaft is provided with a first flow channel, which can communicate with the sleeve through the first accommodating cavity.

[0009] An eccentric guide head is disposed at the end of the housing away from the sleeve and is fixedly connected to the rotating mechanism. The eccentric guide head is provided with a flow channel group, which is connected to the first flow channel. The eccentric guide head is in the shape of an eccentric cone.

[0010] A drive mechanism is disposed in the first accommodating cavity. The drive mechanism can drive the central shaft to rotate around its own axis and drive the eccentric guide head to rotate.

[0011] A measurement and control mechanism is disposed within the first accommodating cavity. The measurement and control mechanism is capable of determining the direction of the axis of the central shaft, and is also capable of determining and controlling the angle by which the driving mechanism drives the central shaft to rotate around its own axis.

[0012] Preferably, the rotating mechanism further includes a plurality of first bearings and a plurality of support sleeves, wherein the inner ring of the first bearing is connected to the central shaft, the outer ring of the first bearing is connected to the cavity wall of the first accommodating cavity, the support sleeve is connected to the central shaft, and the support sleeve is provided on both sides of each first bearing.

[0013] Preferably, the first bearing is a support bearing.

[0014] Preferably, the rotating mechanism further includes a second bearing, a third bearing, and a fixed sleeve. The fixed sleeve is disposed between the eccentric guide head and the housing and is fixedly connected to the housing. The second bearing is disposed between the fixed sleeve and the support sleeve. The inner ring of the second bearing is connected to the central shaft, and the outer ring of the second bearing is connected to the housing. The third bearing is disposed between the fixed sleeve and the eccentric guide head. The inner ring of the third bearing is connected to the central shaft, and the outer ring of the third bearing is connected to the fixed sleeve.

[0015] Preferably, both the second bearing and the third bearing are thrust bearings.

[0016] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a power supply and a driving component, both of which are electrically connected to the measurement and control mechanism. The output end of the driving component is connected to the central shaft, and the power supply can provide power to the driving component and the measurement and control mechanism.

[0017] Preferably, the measurement and control mechanism includes a control component, a direction measuring instrument, and an angle measuring instrument. The direction measuring instrument can measure the direction of the axis of the central shaft, the angle measuring instrument can measure the angle of rotation of the central shaft around its own axis, and the control component can control the driving mechanism to drive the central shaft to rotate by the angle.

[0018] Preferably, the device further includes a connecting sleeve, through which the measurement and control mechanism is connected to the housing. The connecting sleeve has a plurality of through holes, the axis of which is parallel to the axis of the central shaft.

[0019] Preferably, the device further includes a connecting pipe, wherein the housing is connected to the sleeve via the connecting pipe, and both the accommodating cavity and the sleeve are in communication with the connecting pipe.

[0020] Beneficial Effects: This invention provides an adjustable eccentric casing guide tool for guiding casing through the wellbore. The adjustable eccentric casing guide tool includes a housing, a rotating mechanism, an eccentric guide head, a measurement and control mechanism, and a drive mechanism. Before running the casing, the operator measures the wellbore conditions to determine the specific location of any step obstacles. During casing running, the measurement and control mechanism measures the axial direction of the central axis. When encountering a step obstacle, the measurement and control mechanism calculates the required rotation angle of the eccentric guide head based on the current angle of the central axis, the axial direction, and the location of the step obstacle. It then controls the drive mechanism to drive the central axis to rotate, which in turn drives the eccentric guide head to rotate. This causes the side of the eccentric guide head with the larger tilt angle to rotate towards the direction of the step obstacle. The side with the larger tilt angle can easily guide the casing through the step obstacle, causing the adjustable eccentric casing guide tool and casing to tilt towards the side without step obstacles, avoiding jamming against the step obstacle, improving passability, reducing work difficulty, and accelerating the construction progress. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the adjustable eccentric sleeve guide tool provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0024] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of point C in the middle.

[0025] In the picture:

[0026] 1. Shell; 11. First accommodating cavity;

[0027] 2. Rotating mechanism; 21. Central shaft; 211. First flow channel; 22. First bearing; 23. Support sleeve; 24. Second bearing; 25. Third bearing; 26. Fixed sleeve;

[0028] 3. Eccentric guide head; 31. Flow channel assembly;

[0029] 4. Drive mechanism;

[0030] 5. Measurement and control mechanism;

[0031] 6. Connecting sleeve; 61. Through hole;

[0032] 7. Connecting pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0034] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0035] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0036] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] As mineral resources are mined, older wells need to be deepened, and new wells require casing installation to ensure well stability. However, due to deformation and misalignment of the casing in older wells caused by formation movement, or irregular wellbore shapes in new wells, step-like obstacles can easily appear, hindering the passage of the casing. Conventional casing guide shoes have poor ability to pass through step-like obstacles, making it difficult to guide the casing string into the well and severely slowing down the construction progress. Therefore, this embodiment provides an adjustable eccentric casing guide tool to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0039] refer to Figures 1-4 This embodiment provides an adjustable eccentric casing guide tool for guiding casing through drilling. The adjustable eccentric casing guide tool includes a housing 1, a rotating mechanism 2, an eccentric guide head 3, a measurement and control mechanism 5, and a drive mechanism 4. The drive mechanism 4 can drive the rotating mechanism 2 to rotate the eccentric guide head 3 based on direction and angle data measured by the measurement and control mechanism 5, so that the side of the eccentric guide head 3 with a larger inclination angle faces the step-like obstacle, making it easier for the casing to pass through.

[0040] Specifically, the housing 1 is provided with a first receiving cavity 11, one end of which is connected to the sleeve; the rotating mechanism 2 is rotatably disposed in the first receiving cavity 11, the rotating mechanism 2 includes a central shaft 21, the axis of the central shaft 21 extends in the same direction as the axis of the housing 1, the central shaft 21 is provided with a first flow channel 211, the first flow channel 211 can communicate with the sleeve through the first receiving cavity 11; the eccentric guide head 3 is disposed at the end of the housing 1 away from the sleeve and is fixedly connected to the rotating mechanism 2, the eccentric guide head 3 is provided with a flow channel group 31, the flow channel group 31 communicates with the first flow channel 211, and the eccentric guide head 3 is eccentrically conical; the driving mechanism 4 is disposed in the first receiving cavity 11, the driving mechanism 4 can drive the central shaft 21 to rotate around its own axis and drive the eccentric guide head 3 to rotate; the measuring and control mechanism 5 is disposed in the first receiving cavity 11, the measuring and control mechanism 5 can determine the direction of the axis of the central shaft 21, and can also determine and control the angle by which the driving mechanism 4 drives the central shaft 21 to rotate around its own axis.

[0041] Before running the casing, the operator will measure the conditions inside the well to determine the specific location of the step obstacle. When running the casing, the control mechanism 5 will measure the axial direction of the central axis 21. When encountering a step obstacle, the control mechanism 5 will calculate the angle that the eccentric guide head 3 needs to rotate based on the angle of the central axis 21, the axial direction, and the location of the step obstacle. It will then control the drive mechanism 4 to drive the central axis 21 to rotate and drive the eccentric guide head 3 to rotate, so that the side of the eccentric guide head 3 with a larger tilt angle rotates to the direction of the step obstacle. The side with a larger tilt angle can easily guide the casing through the step obstacle, causing the adjustable eccentric casing guide tool and the casing to tilt to the side without the step obstacle, avoiding getting stuck on the step obstacle, improving passability, reducing work difficulty, and speeding up the construction progress.

[0042] Furthermore, the adjustable eccentric casing guide tool also includes a connecting pipe 7. The housing 1 is connected to the casing through the connecting pipe 7, so that the adjustable eccentric casing guide tool is tightly and firmly connected to the casing. Both the receiving cavity and the casing are connected to the connecting pipe 7, so that the drilling fluid can smoothly enter the receiving cavity.

[0043] Specifically, the rotating mechanism 2 also includes several first bearings 22 and several support sleeves 23. The inner ring of the first bearing 22 is connected to the central shaft 21, and the outer ring of the first bearing 22 is connected to the cavity wall of the first accommodating cavity 11, so that the central shaft 21 is tightly connected to the housing 1 and the axis of the central shaft 21 can coincide with the axis of the housing 1, making the rotation of the central shaft 21 smoother. The support sleeves 23 are connected to the central shaft 21, and each first bearing 22 is provided with a support sleeve 23 on both sides. The support sleeves 23 are used to position and support the bearing, preventing the bearing from moving along the central shaft 21 and affecting the rotation effect.

[0044] The specific type of the first bearing 22 is not limited here. In this embodiment, the first bearing 22 is a support bearing, which can withstand a large axial load and convert it into a radial load to ensure the stability and smooth rotation of the central shaft 21.

[0045] Furthermore, the rotating mechanism 2 also includes a second bearing 24, a third bearing 25, and a fixed sleeve 26. The fixed sleeve 26 is disposed between the eccentric guide head 3 and the housing 1 and is fixedly connected to the housing 1. The second bearing 24 is disposed between the fixed sleeve 26 and the support sleeve 23. The inner ring of the second bearing 24 is connected to the central shaft 21, and the outer ring of the second bearing 24 is connected to the housing 1. The second bearing 24 and the fixed sleeve 26 can better stabilize the rotating mechanism 2, making the connection between the rotating mechanism 2 and the housing 1 stable and preventing displacement. The third bearing 25 is disposed between the fixed sleeve 26 and the eccentric guide head 3. The inner ring of the third bearing 25 is connected to the central shaft 21, and the outer ring of the third bearing 25 is connected to the fixed sleeve 26. The third bearing 25 can reduce the friction between the eccentric guide head 3 and the fixed sleeve 26.

[0046] The specific types of the second bearing 24 and the third bearing 25 are not limited here. In this embodiment, both the second bearing 24 and the third bearing 25 are thrust bearings, which can effectively withstand the thrust borne by the eccentric guide head 3 when passing through the step obstacle, and ensure the stable operation of the rotating mechanism 2.

[0047] Specifically, the drive mechanism 4 includes a power supply and a drive component. Both the power supply and the drive component are electrically connected to the measurement and control mechanism 5. The output end of the drive component is connected to the central shaft 21. The power supply can provide power to the drive component and the measurement and control mechanism 5. During operation, the drive component can rotate the central shaft 21 and the eccentric guide head 3 according to the direction, angle and other data measured by the measurement and control mechanism 5.

[0048] There is no restriction on the specific type of driving component. In this embodiment, the driving component is a servo motor. The servo motor can precisely control the rotation of the central shaft 21 according to the electrical signal of the measurement and control mechanism 5, so as to achieve precise control of the eccentric guide head 3.

[0049] Specifically, the measurement and control mechanism 5 includes a control component 51, a direction measuring instrument 52, and an angle measuring instrument 53. The direction measuring instrument 52 can measure the direction of the axis of the central shaft 21, the angle measuring instrument 53 can measure the angle of rotation of the central shaft 21 around its own axis, and the control component 51 can control the drive mechanism 4 to drive the central shaft 21 to rotate by the angle. The control component 51 calculates the required rotation angle of the central shaft 21 based on the above angle and direction data and controls the drive mechanism 4 to rotate the central shaft 21 by the corresponding angle.

[0050] There is no limitation on the specific type of control component 51. In this embodiment, control component 51 is an STM32 microcontroller, which is capable of fast calculation and precise control.

[0051] There is no limitation on the specific type of orientation measuring instrument 52. In this embodiment, the orientation measuring instrument 52 is a gyroscope, which can accurately measure the axis of the central axis 21. In other embodiments, it can also be a fluxgate for drilling orientation, or other instruments that can measure the inclination angle and azimuth angle of the well.

[0052] There is no limitation on the specific type of angle measuring instrument 53. In this embodiment, the angle measuring instrument 53 is a rotation angle sensor.

[0053] Furthermore, the adjustable eccentric casing guide tool also includes a connecting sleeve 6. The measurement and control mechanism 5 is connected to the housing 1 through the connecting sleeve 6 to ensure a stable connection between the measurement and control mechanism 5 and the housing 1. The connecting sleeve 6 is provided with several through holes 61. The axis of the through holes 61 is parallel to the axis of the central axis 21, so that the drilling fluid can pass smoothly through the accommodating cavity, the first flow channel 211 and the flow channel group 31.

[0054] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable eccentric casing guide tool for guiding casing through the wellbore, characterized in that, include: The housing (1) is provided with a first accommodating cavity (11), and one end is connected to the sleeve; A rotating mechanism (2) is rotatably disposed in the first accommodating cavity (11). The rotating mechanism (2) includes a central shaft (21). The axis of the central shaft (21) extends in the same direction as the axis of the housing (1). The central shaft (21) is provided with a first flow channel (211). The first flow channel (211) can communicate with the sleeve through the first accommodating cavity (11). An eccentric guide head (3) is located at one end of the housing (1) away from the sleeve and is fixedly connected to the rotating mechanism (2). The eccentric guide head (3) is provided with a flow channel group (31), which is connected to the first flow channel (211). The eccentric guide head (3) is eccentrically conical. A drive mechanism (4) is disposed in the first accommodating cavity (11). The drive mechanism (4) can drive the central shaft (21) to rotate around its own axis and drive the eccentric guide head (3) to rotate. The measurement and control mechanism (5) is located in the first accommodating cavity (11). The measurement and control mechanism (5) can determine the direction of the axis of the central shaft (21) and can also determine and control the angle by which the driving mechanism (4) drives the central shaft (21) to rotate around its own axis. Before running the casing, the conditions inside the well are measured to determine the specific location of the step obstacle. When running the casing, the measurement and control mechanism (5) measures the axial direction of the central shaft (21). When encountering the step obstacle, the measurement and control mechanism (5) calculates the required rotation angle of the eccentric guide head (3) based on the angle of the central shaft (21), the axial direction, and the location of the step obstacle. The driving mechanism (4) is controlled to drive the central shaft (21) to rotate and drive the eccentric guide head (3) to rotate, so that the side with the larger tilt angle of the eccentric guide head (3) rotates to the direction of the step obstacle. The side with the larger tilt angle can guide the casing through the step obstacle, so that the adjustable eccentric casing guide tool and the casing are tilted to the side without the step obstacle, avoiding being stuck on the step obstacle.

2. The adjustable eccentric sleeve guide tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating mechanism (2) further includes several first bearings (22) and several support sleeves (23). The inner ring of the first bearing (22) is connected to the central shaft (21), the outer ring of the first bearing (22) is connected to the cavity wall of the first accommodating cavity (11), and the support sleeves (23) are connected to the central shaft (21). Each first bearing (22) is provided with a support sleeve (23) on both sides.

3. The adjustable eccentric sleeve guide tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first bearing (22) is a support bearing.

4. The adjustable eccentric sleeve guide tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rotating mechanism (2) further includes a second bearing (24), a third bearing (25), and a fixed sleeve (26). The fixed sleeve (26) is disposed between the eccentric guide head (3) and the housing (1) and is fixedly connected to the housing (1). The second bearing (24) is disposed between the fixed sleeve (26) and the support sleeve (23). The inner ring of the second bearing (24) is connected to the central shaft (21), and the outer ring of the second bearing (24) is connected to the housing (1). The third bearing (25) is disposed between the fixed sleeve (26) and the eccentric guide head (3). The inner ring of the third bearing (25) is connected to the central shaft (21), and the outer ring of the third bearing (25) is connected to the fixed sleeve (26).

5. The adjustable eccentric sleeve guide tool according to claim 4, characterized in that, Both the second bearing (24) and the third bearing (25) are thrust bearings.

6. The adjustable eccentric sleeve guide tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive mechanism (4) includes a power supply and a drive component. Both the power supply and the drive component are electrically connected to the measurement and control mechanism (5). The output end of the drive component is connected to the central shaft (21). The power supply can provide power to the drive component and the measurement and control mechanism (5).

7. The adjustable eccentric sleeve guide tool according to claim 6, characterized in that, The measurement and control mechanism (5) includes a control component (51), a direction measuring instrument (52), and an angle measuring instrument (53). The direction measuring instrument (52) can measure the direction of the axis of the central shaft (21). The angle measuring instrument (53) can measure the angle of rotation of the central shaft (21) around its own axis. The control component (51) can control the drive mechanism (4) to drive the central shaft (21) to rotate by the angle.

8. The adjustable eccentric sleeve guide tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a connecting sleeve (6), through which the measurement and control mechanism (5) is connected to the housing (1). The connecting sleeve (6) is provided with a plurality of through holes (61), and the axis of the through holes (61) is parallel to the axis of the central shaft (21).

9. The adjustable directional eccentric sleeve guiding tool according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It also includes a connecting pipe (7), the housing (1) is connected to the sleeve through the connecting pipe (7), and both the accommodating cavity and the sleeve are in communication with the connecting pipe (7).

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