"Gergoid" downward approach backfilling mining method

Abstract

This application provides a "tooth-shaped" downward approach backfilling mining method, belonging to the field of underground mining. The "tooth-shaped" downward approach backfilling mining method includes the following steps: dividing the ore body along the strike from the center to both wings into at least three stopes; dividing each stope into several staggered layers from top to bottom; and dividing each layer into a first approach with a shorter length and a second approach with a longer length. The first and second approaches of adjacent layers are interchanged. When mining the next layer, the first approach is constructed first, and artificial pillars are set in the goaf formed by the first approach. Then, the second approach of the next layer is mined, and the next layer is mined and backfilled. The remaining layers of the first stope and the remaining stopes are mined and backfilled. In this application, when mining the next layer, the artificial false roof is supported by artificial pillars and supports simultaneously, enabling safe and efficient mining of the ore body; in the stopes near the two ends, only a small amount of surrounding rock at the pinch-out end of the ore body is mined in some layers, resulting in minimal ore body dilution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground mining technology, specifically to a "tooth-like" downward approach backfilling mining method. Background Technology

[0002] Downward-entry backfilling mining is a method of mining ore bodies by mining and backfilling layer by layer in a top-down sequence. Therefore, the mining of the next layer is carried out under the protection of the backfill body (artificial roof) formed by the previous layer. This effectively solves problems such as poor surrounding rock stability, support failure, and roadway collapse, making it an important method for mining deep, fractured ore bodies. During layered backfilling, the backfill body in the upper connecting layer generally has a smaller mortar and sand content, resulting in lower strength and poorer performance; while the backfill body in the lower supporting layer has a larger mortar and sand content, resulting in higher strength. Therefore, the safety of downward-entry backfilling stopes mainly depends on the stability of the supporting layer within the backfill body.

[0003] Currently, when using the down-entry backfilling mining method for mining, all layers overlap in the vertical direction of the ore body, making the two ends of each layer of backfill completely correspond. This poses a risk of the backfill falling off as a whole, resulting in poor safety during the mining process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the background art, this application provides a "tooth-shaped" downward approach backfilling mining method, which aims to solve the technical problems of the risk of overall collapse of the backfill body and poor mining safety in the downward approach backfilling mining method.

[0005] This application provides a "tooth-like" downward approach backfilling mining method, including the following steps:

[0006] S1. Divide the ore body along the strike of the ore body from the center to both wings into the first mining area, the second mining area, the third mining area, ..., the (n-1)th mining area, and the nth mining area, where n≥3, odd-numbered mining areas are located on the same side, and even-numbered mining areas are located on the same side.

[0007] S2. Divide the first stope into several staggered layers from top to bottom, and construct a stope connecting road for each layer in the footwall of the ore body of the first stope; the stope connecting road for each layer extends along the dividing line formed by the line perpendicular to the ore body to the hanging wall, dividing the layer into a first access road and a second access road, the length of the first access road being less than the length of the second access road; the first access road and the second access road of adjacent layers are interchanged.

[0008] S3. The first mining layer of the first mining area is mined and filled in the order from top to bottom;

[0009] S4, the first access of the stoping sublevel is recovered, and artificial columns are arranged in the mined-out area formed by the first access; then the second access of the stoping sublevel is recovered, and an artificial false floor is constructed and the stoping sublevel is filled after the recovery;

[0010] S5, the step S4 is repeated to recover and fill the remaining sublevels of the first stope;

[0011] S6, the steps S2-S5 are repeated to recover the remaining stopes.

[0012] In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, first, the ore body is divided into at least three stopes from the center to the two wings according to the trend of the ore body, the first stope located in the center is recovered first according to a specific order, and then the stopes are recovered to the two wings in turn; each stope is divided into a plurality of sublevels arranged in a staggered manner from top to bottom, and each sublevel is divided into a first access with a smaller length and a second access with a larger length, the first access is recovered first, and only a small part of the bearing layer of the previous sublevel is exposed; then artificial columns are erected in the mined-out area of the first access, so that the filling body of the previous sublevel is supported by the artificial columns and the stable ore rock or filling body on the other side during the recovery of the second access, the safety of the recovery is improved, and the ore body is recovered safely and efficiently. In addition, only a small amount of ore body pinch end surrounding rock of part of the sublevels of the stopes near the two ends needs to be recovered during the recovery process, the overall waste rock mining amount is small, and the ore body is less depleted.

[0013] In some embodiments, in the step S4, the height of the artificial column is equal to the height of the sublevel, and the artificial columns are arranged at intervals or separately.

[0014] In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the artificial columns are arranged in a diversified structure, and appropriate artificial columns are selected according to specific conditions, so that the artificial columns are easy to form and improve the safety of the recovery.

[0015] In some embodiments, the artificial column is one or more of a hydraulic column, a wooden column or an expanded prestressed column.

[0016] In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the types of the artificial columns are reasonably arranged, so that the artificial columns are easy to erect and operate, and can play a supporting role at the same time.

[0017] In some embodiments, in each sublevel, the distance between the artificial column and the boundary of the adjacent stope near the first access is less than 1 / 2 of the length of the first access.

[0018] In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the distance between the artificial column and the boundary of the adjacent stope near the first access of the sublevel is reasonably arranged, so that the artificial column is in a suitable position, thereby better supporting the filling body of the previous sublevel and improving the safety of the recovery.

[0019] In some embodiments, the width by which each layer shrinks inward compared to the previous layer or the width embedded in an adjacent stope is 1 / 10 of the stope length.

[0020] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, by reasonably setting the distance between the next layer and the previous layer embedded in the adjacent mining area, the support body can play a better supporting role for the filling body of the previous layer.

[0021] In some embodiments, all the stope connecting tunnels in each stope are in a zigzag pattern.

[0022] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, by reasonably setting the structure of the mining connection road, the mining connection roads of adjacent layers are staggered, thereby allowing the first or second approach of adjacent layers to be interchanged, and thus enabling the artificial pillars and the stable ore, filling body or surrounding rock on the other side to better support the filling body of the upper layer during the layered mining process.

[0023] In some embodiments, in step S6, after the first stope has been mined 5-6 layers, the first mining layers of the second stope and the third stope located on both sides of the first stope are simultaneously mined; after the second stope and the third stope have been mined 5-6 layers, the first mining layers of the fourth stope adjacent to the second stope and the fifth stope adjacent to the third stope are simultaneously mined.

[0024] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, after the first mining area has been mined for 5-6 layers, the adjacent mining areas are mined simultaneously, and so on for the remaining mining areas, which can greatly improve the mining efficiency.

[0025] In some embodiments, the mining efficiency of the mine is increased by more than 3 times.

[0026] In some embodiments, when the artificial columns are arranged discontinuously in a T-shape, the spacing between the columns ensures that pedestrians can walk normally, facilitating subsequent access for laying the false bottom steel mesh and constructing the filling pipeline. When the columns are square, their dimensions are no larger than 300mm*300mm; when the columns are round, their diameter is no larger than 300mm. The contact surface between the column and the upper load-bearing layer has a length equal to the access width and a width of no less than 500mm.

[0027] In some embodiments, after the (n-1)th stope and the nth stope have been mined and filled, the resulting filling body is embedded in the end surrounding rock on the side away from the adjacent stope.

[0028] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, by embedding the filling body on the side of the last even-numbered stope and the last odd-numbered stope away from the adjacent stope in the end surrounding rock, the filling body at both ends of the last even-numbered stope and the last odd-numbered stope can form a "tooth-like" structure, thereby further improving the stability of the filling body.

[0029] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, specific embodiments of this application are given below. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of this application, the accompanying drawings used in this application will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a front view of the "teeth-like" downward approach filling mining method in the embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a top view of the "teeth-like" downward approach filling mining method in the embodiments of this application;

[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-First mining area; 2-Second mining area; 3-Third mining area; 4-Mining area connecting road; 5-First access road; 6-Second access road; 7-Man-made pillar; 8-Support structure; 9-Mining area ramp; 11-First mining layer; 12-Second mining layer; 13-Third layer; 14-Fourth layer; 15-Fifth layer. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0035] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0036] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0037] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "length", "width", "height", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0039] Downward-entry backfilling mining is an important method for mining deep, fractured ore bodies. However, in current downward-entry backfilling mining, all layers overlap vertically within the ore body, resulting in perfect alignment at both ends of each backfill layer. This poses a risk of the backfill layer collapsing entirely, leading to poor safety during the mining process.

[0040] To address the technical problems of overall collapse of the backfill body and poor mining safety in the downward-entry backfilling mining method, this application provides a "tooth-like" downward-entry backfilling mining method. This method involves dividing the ore body along its strike into at least three stopes, mining the central stope first, followed by the stopes at both ends; each stope is further divided into several staggered layers from top to bottom, and each layer is further divided into a small-volume first approach and a large-volume second approach. The first approach is mined first, exposing only a small portion of the backfill body in the upper layer; then, artificial pillars are erected in the goaf of the first approach, so that during the mining of the second approach, the backfill body of the upper layer is supported by the artificial pillars and the stable ore rock on the other side, improving the safety of mining and enabling safe and efficient mining of the ore body.

[0041] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 This application provides a "tooth-like" downward approach backfilling mining method, including the following steps:

[0042] S1. Divide the ore body along its strike from the center outwards into two mining areas: Mining Area 1, Mining Area 2, Mining Area 3, ..., Mining Area (n-1), and Mining Area n, where n ≥ 3, and the value of n depends on the length of the ore body along its strike. Odd-numbered mining areas are located on the same side, and even-numbered mining areas are located on the same side. That is, adjacent mining areas extending from the center outwards are Mining Area 1, Mining Area 3, Mining Area 5, ..., and adjacent mining areas extending from the center outwards are Mining Area 2, Mining Area 4, Mining Area 6, ... . Specifically, Figure 1 The X-axis (horizontal direction) represents the strike of the ore body, the Z-axis (vertical direction) represents the vertical direction, and the Y-axis (perpendicular to the plane formed by the X and Z axes) is perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The footwall, ore body, and footwall of the ore body are arranged sequentially along the Y-axis. For ease of explanation, Figure 1 Taking the division of the ore body into three mining areas—the first mining area 1, the second mining area 2, and the third mining area 3—from the center outwards along the ore body as an example, even-numbered mining areas are located on the left side, and odd-numbered mining areas are located on the right side.

[0043] In this step, the ore body is divided into n mining areas from the center to the two wings along the ore body direction, and n≥3 is ensured so that at least one mining area is adjacent to the ore body at both ends rather than end surrounding rock, which provides favorable conditions for the subsequent "tooth-like" structure setting of mining area stratification.

[0044] S2. Divide the first mining area 1 into several staggered layers along the vertical direction of the ore body from top to bottom. Construct a mining area connecting road 4 for each layer at the footwall of the ore body in the first mining area 1. The mining area connecting road 4 for each layer extends along the dividing line formed by the line perpendicular to the strike of the ore body to the hanging wall of the ore body, dividing the layer into a first access road 5 and a second access road 6. The length of the first access road 5 is less than the length of the second access road 6 (length refers to the direction along the X-axis). The first access road 5 and the second access road 6 of adjacent layers are interchanged.

[0045] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, each layer has the same length along the X-axis. The staggered arrangement of the layers from top to bottom means that, with the first mining layer 11 as a reference, the second mining layer 12 is embedded to the right of the ore body in the third mining area 3, the third layer 13 is located directly below the first mining layer 11, the fourth layer 14 is located directly below the second mining layer 12, the fifth layer 15 is located directly below the first mining layer 11, and so on. The remaining layers are arranged in the same way. That is, the second mining layer 12 is embedded in the ore body of the third mining area 3 relative to the first mining layer 11, the third layer 13 is embedded in the ore body of the second mining area 2 relative to the second mining layer 12, the fourth layer 14 is embedded in the ore body of the third mining area 3 relative to the third layer 13, the fifth layer 14 is embedded in the ore body of the second mining area 2 relative to the fourth layer 14, and so on. The remaining layers are arranged in the same way.

[0046] The interchange of the first approach 5 and the second approach 6 in adjacent layers means that in the first mining layer 11, the first approach 5 is closer to the second mining area 2, and the second approach 6 is closer to the third mining area 3; in the second mining layer 12, the first approach 5 is closer to the third mining area 3, and the second approach 6 is closer to the second mining area 2; in the third layer 13, the first approach 5 is closer to the second mining area 2, and the second approach 6 is closer to the third mining area 3; ..., and the positions of the first approach 5 and the second approach 6 in the remaining layers follow the same pattern.

[0047] Understandably, when the width of the ore body (length along the Y-axis) is relatively wide, each layer includes several adjacent first access routes 5 and several adjacent second access routes 6. This application uses the example of each layer including one first access route 5 and one second access route 6 for illustration; however, each layer including several adjacent first access routes 5 and several adjacent second access routes 6 also falls within the scope of protection of this application. The width of the first access route 5 and the second access route 6 is 3-5m.

[0048] In this step, the first stop 1, located in the center along the ore body strike, is mined first. Several layers are staggered, ensuring that the filling bodies formed after layered mining and backfilling are staggered. When mining the next layer, one end of the filling body formed in the previous layer is embedded in the ore body of the adjacent stop, i.e., one end of the bearing layer is embedded in the ore body of the adjacent stop, thereby improving the stability of the filling body and the bearing layer and providing favorable conditions for the safe mining of the next layer. Secondly, each layer is divided into a first approach 5 and a second approach 6 of unequal length. The shorter approach is mined first, and artificial pillars 7 are installed in the goaf. It is ensured that the first approach 5 and the second approach 6 of adjacent layers are interchanged, further providing favorable conditions for subsequent safe mining.

[0049] S3. The first mining layer 11 of the first stope 1 is mined and backfilled in a top-to-bottom sequence. Specifically, the first mining layer 11 of the first stope 1 is entered through the stope connecting roadway 4. The first mining layer 11 is mined using a down-cutting method. After laying a false bottom steel mesh, the goaf is backfilled to form a backfill body. The backfill body includes a bearing layer and a top layer above the bearing layer. The false bottom steel mesh is located in the bearing layer. Understandably, before mining, it is necessary to construct pre-mining preparation and cutting works such as segmented transport roadways, return air roadways, and stope ramps 9 to ensure the flow of fresh air and the smooth transport of ore during the mining process. These pre-mining preparation and cutting works are standard features of the down-cutting backfilling mining method and will not be described in detail here.

[0050] In this step, the mining proceeds from top to bottom. When mining the next layer, the filling material of the previous layer can provide a guarantee for the safe mining of the next layer.

[0051] S4. The first approach 5 of the secondary mining layer 12 is mined, and artificial pillars 7 are set up in the goaf formed by the first approach 5; then the second approach 6 of the secondary mining layer 12 is mined, and after mining, a false bottom steel mesh is laid and the secondary mining layer 12 is filled. Specifically, in the secondary mining layer 12 of the first mining area 1, which is entered from the mining area connecting road 4, the shorter first approach 5 is mined first. After the first approach 5 is mined, artificial pillars 7 are set up in the goaf formed by the first approach 5; then the longer second approach 6 is mined.

[0052] In this step, the first approach 5, which has a shorter length, is mined first. Due to its shorter length, when the first approach 5 is mined out, only a small portion of the filling material of the first mining layer 11 is exposed. The filling material of the first mining layer 11 (i.e., the artificial false roof of the second mining layer 12) remains in a relatively stable state, improving the safety of the mining. Next, artificial pillars 7 are installed in the goaf formed by the first approach 5. The artificial pillars 7 provide support for the filling material of the first mining layer 11, forming a stable beam structure, further ensuring safety. Finally, the second approach 6 is mined. Compared to the first mining layer 11, the end of the second approach 6 near the second stope 2 is narrowed inward. That is, the bottom of the filling material of the first mining layer 11 near the end of the second stope 2 is a pillar (called the support body 8) that is not mined for the time being. During the mining process of the second approach 6, the filling material of the first mining layer 11 is supported by the artificial pillars 7 and the support body 8, thereby improving the safety and efficiency of the mining.

[0053] S5. Repeat step S4 to mine and fill the remaining layers of the second mining area 2. Specifically, the mining of each layer begins with the first approach 5, which has a shorter length, and artificial pillars 7 are installed in the goaf formed by the first approach 5; then the second approach 6, which has a larger space volume, is mined.

[0054] S6. Repeat steps S2-S5 to mine and fill the second stope 2, the third stope 3, the fourth stope, ..., the (n-1)th stope and the nth stope.

[0055] When mining the second, fourth, sixth, and so on, the support structure 8 in the odd-numbered layers is not a pillar that will not be mined temporarily, but rather a backfill body that has already been mined and formed; the support structure 8 in the even-numbered layers remains a pillar that will not be mined temporarily. When mining the third, fifth, seventh, and so on, the support structure 8 in the even-numbered layers is not a pillar that will not be mined temporarily, but rather a backfill body that has already been mined and formed; the support structure 8 in the odd-numbered layers remains a pillar that will not be mined temporarily.

[0056] When mining the even-numbered stopes near the end of the ore body (i.e., the last even-numbered stope), the odd-numbered layers are embedded in the surrounding rock along the strike of the ore body, near the end of the ore body. This means that in addition to mining the ore body itself, a small amount of surrounding rock at the pinch-out end of the ore body is also mined in the odd-numbered layers. In the even-numbered layers, no additional mining of the end surrounding rock is required. In this case, the support 8 in the even-numbered layers is the end surrounding rock; the support 8 in the odd-numbered layers is the filling material.

[0057] When mining the odd-numbered stopes near the end of the ore body (i.e., the last odd-numbered stope), the even-numbered layers are embedded in the surrounding rock along the strike of the ore body near the end of the ore body. That is, in addition to mining the ore body, the even-numbered layers also mine a small amount of surrounding rock at the pinch-out end of the ore body, while the odd-numbered layers do not require additional mining of the surrounding rock. In this case, the support 8 in the odd-numbered layers is the end surrounding rock; the support 8 in the even-numbered layers is the filling material.

[0058] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the ore body is first divided into at least three mining areas from the center to the two wings according to the ore body strike. The first mining area 1 located in the center is mined first in a specific order, and then mining is carried out towards the two wings in sequence. During the mining process, the ore body is divided into several staggered layers from top to bottom, and each layer is divided into a first approach 5 with a shorter length and a second approach 6 with a longer length. The first approach 5 is mined first, exposing only a small part of the filling material of the upper layer. At this time, the artificial false roof exists stably, improving the safety of mining. Then, artificial pillars 7 are erected in the goaf of the first approach 5, so that during the mining of the second approach 6, the filling material of the upper layer, i.e., the artificial false roof, is supported by the artificial pillars 7 and the support body 8. That is, when the next layer is mined, the artificial false roof is supported on at least one side by stable ore, filling material, or surrounding rock (referring to the support body 8), further improving the safety of mining. This method demonstrates that it creates a "tooth-like" structure between the filling and bearing layers of different strata, providing favorable conditions for the safe mining of the next stratum and enabling safe and efficient mining of the ore body. Furthermore, during the mining process, only a small amount of surrounding rock from the pinch-out ends of the ore body needs to be mined in some strata near the two ends of the stope, resulting in less overall waste rock extraction and less ore body dilution. Moreover, non-adjacent stopes can be safely mined simultaneously, significantly improving the mining efficiency of the ore body.

[0059] Furthermore, in some embodiments, such as Figure 1As shown, in step S4, the height of the artificial column 7 is equal to the layer height. The artificial columns 7 are arranged at intervals or individually. Specifically, when the artificial column 7 is arranged individually (i.e., there is only one), the artificial column 7 is located in the center along the Y-axis direction; when there are multiple artificial columns 7, they are arranged at intervals. The artificial column 7 is a T-shaped structure. The horizontal part of the T-shaped structure contacts the bearing layer of the upper layer, and the vertical part is either circular or square. When the artificial columns 7 are arranged at intervals, the spacing between adjacent artificial columns 7 should be sufficient for normal pedestrian access, facilitating subsequent personnel to enter the goaf area to lay the false bottom steel mesh and install filling pipelines. At this time, the length of the contact surface between the horizontal part of the T-shaped structure and the bearing layer of the upper layer is the width of the first access road 5 (i.e., along the Y-axis direction), and its width is not less than 500mm. If the vertical part of the T-shaped structure is square, the size is not greater than 300mm × 300mm; if the vertical part of the T-shaped structure is circular, the diameter is not greater than 300mm.

[0060] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the T-shaped artificial columns increase the support area of ​​the bearing layer. By setting the height of the artificial columns 7 to be equal to the layer height, the artificial columns 7 can better contact the bearing layer of the previous layer of filling material, thus providing better support and improving the safety of mining. The artificial columns 7 can be arranged at intervals or individually, and by setting the artificial columns 7 into diverse structures, a suitable artificial column 7 can be selected according to specific circumstances, which facilitates the formation of artificial columns 7 while improving mining safety. At the same time, by reasonably setting the size and spacing of the artificial columns 7, excessive support is avoided while ensuring the artificial columns 7 provide support, thus avoiding increased labor intensity and cost. This also facilitates personnel entering the goaf to lay the false bottom steel mesh and erect filling pipelines.

[0061] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the artificial column 7 is one or more of a hydraulic column, a wooden column, or an expansion prestressed support column.

[0062] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, by reasonably setting the types of artificial columns 7, the erection of artificial columns 7 is simple and easy to operate, while also playing a supporting role.

[0063] Furthermore, in some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, in each layer, the distance between the artificial column 7 and the adjacent boundary of the first approach 5 in that layer is less than 1 / 2 of the length of the first approach 5 (i.e., along the X-axis direction).

[0064] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, by reasonably setting the distance between the artificial pillar 7 and the boundary of the first approach 5 of the layer near the adjacent mining area, the distance between the artificial pillar 7 and the boundary of the filling body of the previous layer is reasonably controlled, so that the artificial pillar 7 is in a suitable position, thereby providing better support for the filling body of the previous layer and improving the safety of mining.

[0065] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the width by which each layer shrinks inward compared to the previous layer or the width embedded in the adjacent stope (i.e., the width of the support 8) is 1 / 10 of the stope length.

[0066] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, by reasonably setting the width of the support body 8, that is, reasonably setting the distance between the next layer and the previous layer embedded in the adjacent mining area, the support body 8 can play a better supporting role for the filling body of the previous layer; at the same time, with the support of the artificial column 7, that is, through the mutual cooperation of the support body 8 and the artificial column 7, the filling body of the previous layer can exist safely and stably, thereby improving the safety of mining.

[0067] Furthermore, in some embodiments, by setting the stope connecting road 4 as a "zigzag" structure, the stope connecting roads 4 of adjacent layers can be interchanged, thereby allowing the first access road 5 or the second access road 6 of adjacent layers to be interchanged, and thus allowing the artificial pillars 7 and support bodies 8 during the layered mining process to be located at both ends, better supporting the filling body of the upper layer.

[0068] Furthermore, in some embodiments, in step S6, after the first stope 1 has been mined for 5-6 layers, the first layers of the second stope 2 and the third stope 3 located on both sides of the first stope 1 are simultaneously mined; after the second stope 3 and the third stope 3 have been mined for 5-6 layers, the first layers of the fourth stope adjacent to the second stope 2 and the fifth stope adjacent to the third stope 3 are simultaneously mined. Specifically, it is necessary to carry out the mining of multiple stopes simultaneously while ensuring safety.

[0069] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, after the first mining area 1 has been mined for 5-6 layers, the adjacent mining areas are mined simultaneously, and so on for the remaining mining areas, which can greatly improve the mining efficiency.

[0070] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the ore body recovery efficiency is increased by more than 3 times, and the stability of the bearing layer and the safety of the mining area are greatly improved.

[0071] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the height of the top layer is 2 / 3 of the height of the filling body, and the strength of the filling body should not be less than 1 MPa; the height of the bearing layer is 1 / 3 of the height of the filling body, and the strength of the filling body is greater than 3 to 4 MPa.

[0072] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the bearing layer of each layer is connected to the ore body or surrounding rock on both sides of the sidewall by anchor bolts. Specifically, the bearing layer of each layer in the first stope 1, second stope 2, third stope 3, fourth stope, ..., n-2 stope is connected to the ore body on both sides of the sidewall by anchor bolts. After the odd-numbered layers of the even-numbered stope near the end of the surrounding rock are mined and backfilled, the backfill body formed is embedded in the end surrounding rock on the side away from the adjacent stope; after the even-numbered layers of the odd-numbered stope near the end of the surrounding rock are mined and backfilled, the backfill body formed is embedded in the end surrounding rock on the side away from the adjacent stope. Specifically, when mining the last even-numbered stope, the backfill body of the odd-numbered layers is embedded in the end surrounding rock on the side near the end surrounding rock; when mining the last odd-numbered stope, the backfill body of the even-numbered layers is embedded in the end surrounding rock on the side near the end surrounding rock.

[0073] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, by embedding the backfill material on the side of the last even-numbered stope and the last odd-numbered stope away from the adjacent stopes into the end surrounding rock, the two ends of the backfill material in the last even-numbered stope and the last odd-numbered stope can form a "tooth-like" structure, further improving the stability of the backfill material. At the same time, by embedding the backfill material on the side of the odd-numbered layer of the last even-numbered stope that is close to the end surrounding rock, and by embedding the backfill material on the side of the even-numbered layer of the last odd-numbered stope that is close to the end surrounding rock, the safety of mining is improved while minimizing waste rock recovery.

[0074] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments with the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of this application are included in the technical scope of this application. Furthermore, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways of constructing by combining some of the constituent elements of the embodiments, without departing from the spirit of this application, are also included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A "interlocking" type of underhand drift filling mining method, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, dividing a mineral body into a first stope, a second stope, a third stope, …, an n-1th stope and an nth stope along the strike of the mineral body from the center to the two wings, wherein n≥3, and the odd-numbered stopes are located on the same side and the even-numbered stopes are located on the same side; S2, dividing the first stope into a plurality of layers from top to bottom, the length of each layer along the strike of the mineral body is the same, the next stope layer is embedded in the mineral body of the third stope relative to the first stope layer, the third layer is embedded in the mineral body of the second stope relative to the next stope layer, the fourth layer is embedded in the mineral body of the third stope relative to the third layer, the fifth layer is embedded in the mineral body of the second stope relative to the fourth layer, and the remaining layers are arranged in the same way; constructing a stope connecting road of each layer in the lower wall of the first stope, and the stope connecting road of each layer is divided into a first drift and a second drift along the dividing line formed by extending vertically to the upper wall of the mineral body; in the first stope layer, the first drift is close to the second stope and the second drift is close to the third stope; in the next stope layer, the first drift is close to the third stope and the second drift is close to the second stope; in the third layer, the first drift is close to the second stope and the second drift is close to the third stope; …, the positions of the first drift and the second drift in the remaining layers are arranged in the same way, and the length of the first drift is less than the length of the second drift; S3, sequentially backfilling and filling the first stope layer of the first stope from top to bottom; S4, backfilling the first drift of the next stope layer and setting artificial columns in the goaf formed by the first drift; then backfilling the second drift of the next stope layer, and constructing an artificial false floor and filling the next stope layer after backfilling; S5, repeating step S4 to backfill and fill the remaining layers of the first stope; S6, repeating steps S2-S5 to backfill and fill the remaining stopes.

2. The "interlocking" underhand drift filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the height of the artificial column is equal to the height of the layer, and the artificial columns are arranged at intervals or separately.

3. The "interlocking" underhand fill mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The artificial column is one or more of a hydraulic column, a wooden column or an expanded prestressed column.

4. The "ratcheting" underhand fill mining method of claim 3, wherein, In each layer, the distance between the artificial column and the boundary of the first drift close to the adjacent stope is less than 1 / 2 of the length of the first drift.

5. The "ratcheting" underhand fill mining method of claim 1, wherein, The width of each layer compared to the inward contraction of the previous layer or the width embedded in the adjacent stope is 1 / 10 of the length of the stope.

6. The "ratcheting" underhand fill mining method of claim 1, wherein, All the stope connecting roads of each stope form a "zigzag" structure.

7. The "ratcheting" underhand fill mining method of claim 1, wherein, In step S6, when the first stope backfills 5-6 layers, the first stope layers of the second stope and the third stope located on both sides of the first stope are backfilled at the same time; When the second stope and the third stope backfill 5-6 layers, the first stope layers of the fourth stope adjacent to the second stope and the fifth stope adjacent to the third stope are backfilled at the same time.

8. The "ratcheting" underhand fill mining method of claim 7, wherein, The backfilling efficiency of the ore room is increased by more than 3 times.

9. The "ratcheting" underhand fill mining method of claim 3, wherein, The artificial column is in T-shaped structure, the horizontal part of the T-shaped structure is in contact with the bearing layer of the previous layer, the length of the contact surface is the width of the first route, and the width of the contact surface is not less than 500mm; the vertical part of the T-shaped structure is one of a circle and a square; when the vertical part of the T-shaped structure is a square, the specification is not greater than 300mm*300mm, and when the vertical part of the T-shaped structure is a circle, the diameter is not greater than 300mm.

10. The "ratcheting" underhand fill mining method of claim 1, wherein, After the stoping and filling of the n-1th stope and the nth stope are completed, the filling body formed away from one side of the adjacent stope is embedded in the end surrounding rock.

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