Fly ash treatment device for industrial solid waste incineration and solid waste treatment method

Abstract

The invention discloses a fly ash treatment device for industrial solid waste incineration. The fly ash treatment device comprises a flue gas channel, a fan is arranged on the flue gas channel, and the output end of the flue gas channel is connected with the front end of a cyclone separation unit; a spraying unit is arranged at the lower end of the rear half section of the cyclone separation unit, the lower end of the spraying unit is connected with a conveying unit, and the output end of the conveying unit is connected with the input end of a storage container; a rotary separation unit is arranged at the rear end of the cyclone separation unit; a cloth bag separation unit is arranged at the output end of the rotary separation unit, and the lower end of the cloth bag separation unit is connected with the conveying unit. Through the close cooperation and synergistic effect of the cyclone separation unit, the rotary separation unit and the cloth bag separation unit, comprehensive and efficient trapping and separation of fly ash are achieved, the fly ash collection efficiency is improved, pollution caused by the fact that fly ash escapes to the atmosphere is reduced, the comprehensiveness and thoroughness of fly ash treatment are ensured, and the fly ash treatment efficiency is improved. And the difficulty and the cost of subsequent treatment are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of industrial solid waste treatment, and in particular to a fly ash treatment device and a solid waste treatment method for incinerating industrial solid waste. Background Art

[0002] Under the background of the booming industry today, the amount of industrial solid waste continues to rise, bringing a heavy burden to the ecological environment. Industrial solid waste incineration is a commonly used treatment method, aiming to achieve the reduction and harmlessness of solid waste. However, the fly ash generated in the process and the entire solid waste treatment process have many problems to be solved under the existing technology;

[0003] As far as fly ash collection is concerned, traditional methods have significant defects. Single cyclone separators have poor separation effects when capturing fly ash. A large amount of such fly ash will be directly discharged into the atmosphere with the tail gas, resulting in a fly ash collection rate of less than 70%. This not only causes serious atmospheric dust pollution, but also makes the amount of fly ash that needs to be treated later far exceed expectations, increasing the difficulty and cost of treatment;

[0004] Although bag dust collectors can filter fine particles to a certain extent, problems often occur in actual operation. On the one hand, the high humidity environment of fly ash can easily cause the bags to become damp, reducing their air permeability and thus affecting the fly ash filtration efficiency. On the other hand, the sticky components in fly ash can easily cause the bags to become clogged, increasing equipment resistance and soaring energy consumption. Frequent replacement of bags leads to high maintenance costs.

[0005] In summary, there is an urgent need for a new fly ash treatment device and solid waste treatment method for industrial solid waste incineration that can overcome the above-mentioned defects in order to ensure ecological and environmental safety and promote sustainable industrial development. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fly ash treatment device and a solid waste treatment method for industrial solid waste incineration that can effectively solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fly ash treatment device for incineration of industrial solid waste, comprising a flue gas channel, a fan is provided on the flue gas channel, and the output end of the flue gas channel is connected to the front end of a cyclone separation unit;

[0008] A spray unit is provided at the lower end of the rear half of the cyclone separation unit, the lower end of the spray unit is connected to the conveying unit, and the output end of the conveying unit is connected to the input end of the storage container; a rotary separation unit is provided at the rear end of the cyclone separation unit; a bag separation unit is provided at the output end of the rotary separation unit, and the lower end of the bag separation unit is connected to the conveying unit.

[0009] Furthermore, the cyclone separation unit includes a cyclone bin and a separation bin, the output end of the cyclone bin is connected to the smoke channel, separation blades are arranged in the cyclone bin, the output end of the cyclone bin is connected to the input end of the separation bin, a separation cylinder is arranged in the separation bin, and the upper outer wall of the separation cylinder is connected to the separation bin through a plurality of connecting rods; the separation cylinder and the separation bin are separated to form an annular separation channel, the annular separation channel extends downward and is connected to the spray unit, and the output end of the separation cylinder extends out of the separation bin and is connected to the rotating separation unit.

[0010] Further, the cyclone bin comprises a front bin shell and a rear bin shell, the front end of the front bin shell is connected to the smoke channel, the rear end of the front bin shell is detachably connected to the front end of the rear bin shell, the cross section from the front end to the rear end of the front bin shell gradually increases, and the cross section from the front end to the rear end of the rear bin shell gradually decreases, and the separation blade is connected to two positioning plates, each of the positioning plates is clamped between the front bin shell and the rear bin shell and connected to each other by bolts;

[0011] The separation bin includes a connecting section whose front end is connected to the rear bin shell, the cross-section of the connecting section gradually increases from the front end to the rear end, the rear end of the connecting section is connected to the front end of the straight tube section, the straight tube section has the same diameter as the rear end of the connecting section, the separation tube is located in the straight tube section, the connecting rod is passed through the straight tube section, and the lower end of the straight tube section is connected to the spray unit.

[0012] Further, the spray unit comprises a spray box, the upper end of the spray box is connected to the separation bin, the lower end of the spray box is provided with a guide section, the guide section is conical, the lower end of the guide section is connected to the conveying unit, and a plurality of spray heads are provided on both sides of the spray box;

[0013] Each of the nozzles is connected to each of the balls respectively, each of the balls is connected to a water inlet pipe and is provided with a water inlet hole, and the nozzle is connected to the water inlet pipe through the water inlet hole; the nozzle is located inside the spray box, the water inlet pipe is located outside the spray box, a plurality of limiting holes are provided on the spray box, each of the balls is rotatably embedded in each of the limiting holes, each of the water inlet pipes is hinged to each of the main pipes respectively, and each of the main pipes is provided with a water inlet connector.

[0014] Furthermore, the rotating separation unit includes a water tank, a filter cartridge is rotatably arranged inside the water tank, a driving motor for driving the filter cartridge to rotate is arranged on the outer wall of the water tank, the separation cartridge is connected to the filter cartridge, the lower half of the filter cartridge is a water storage area, an inlet pipe and a drain pipe are arranged on the upper part of the water tank, and the lower half of the filter cartridge is located in the water storage area.

[0015] Furthermore, the conveying unit includes a conveying box, the spray unit and the bag separation unit are both connected to the conveying box, a screw is arranged in the conveying box, the screw is rotated by a conveying motor arranged on the outer wall of the conveying box, and a conveying thread piece is spirally arranged on the screw.

[0016] Furthermore, the bag separation unit includes a separation box, in which at least two dust bags are arranged, and the output end of each dust bag is connected to the smoke outlet pipe arranged on the outside of the separation box, and the two sides of the dust bag are respectively arranged on each bracket, and the lower end of each bracket is connected to the separation box through a vibration spring, and the outer wall of the separation box is provided with a vibration unit for vibrating each bracket, the cross-section of the dust bag gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the lower end of the separation box is connected to the conveying box through a collecting channel.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a positioning base for installing the entire fly ash processing device.

[0018] A solid waste treatment method for a fly ash treatment device comprises the following steps:

[0019] Step 1) Flue gas transportation and initial separation

[0020] Industrial solid waste incineration flue gas containing fly ash first enters the flue gas channel, and the fan on the channel is started. The rotation of the fan applies power to the flue gas, increasing its pressure and flow rate, overcoming the resistance of subsequent equipment and pipelines, and quickly pushing the flue gas to the front end of the cyclone separation unit; the flue gas enters the cyclone bin of the cyclone separation unit. When the flue gas passes through the non-rotating separation blades, the separation blades cause the flue gas to rotate, and the cross-section from the front end to the rear end of the front bin shell gradually increases, and the cross-section from the front end to the rear end of the rear bin shell gradually decreases. Such changes cause the flue gas to form a stable rotating airflow in the bin, causing the fly ash particles to move toward the wall of the cyclone bin under the action of centrifugal force. Since the magnitude of the centrifugal force is related to the particle mass and the angular velocity of rotation, the fly ash particles with larger mass are more easily thrown to the wall, achieving preliminary gas-solid separation;

[0021] After the initial separation, the flue gas carries some fine fly ash into the separation bin. The separation cylinder in the separation bin and the separation bin form an annular separation channel. The flue gas continues to rotate in the annular space to further separate the fly ash. At this time, the larger particles of fly ash settle to the bottom of the annular separation channel under the action of centrifugal force and gravity, and flow downward into the spray unit.

[0022] Step 2) Spraying dust reduction and transportation

[0023] The fly ash particles that fall into the spray unit enter the spray box. The direction of the spray head is adjusted by turning the main pipe to rotate the ball. Several spray heads on both sides of the spray box start to work. The ball connected to the spray head is connected to the water inlet pipe through the water inlet hole. Water is connected to the main pipe from the water inlet connector, and then distributed to each water inlet pipe, and finally sprayed out water mist from the spray head; the water mist from the spray head sprays the fly ash particles to reduce dust, and the surface of the fly ash particles is moistened by the water mist, which increases the agglomeration between the particles and makes them easier to settle; some soluble harmful substances can be dissolved in water, reducing the pollution of the fly ash; the fly ash and water mixture after spraying and dust reduction converges at the conical guide section at the lower end of the spray box, and flows into the conveying box of the conveying unit under the action of gravity;

[0024] Step 3) Screw conveying and storage

[0025] The screw in the conveying box is driven to rotate by the conveying motor on the outer wall. The conveying screw blades spirally arranged on the screw push the fly ash mixture toward the storage container as the screw rotates; the fly ash mixture is conveyed to the storage container for temporary storage and awaits subsequent processing;

[0026] Step 4) Fine separation and tail gas purification

[0027] The flue gas after preliminary treatment by the cyclone separation unit enters the rotary separation unit from the output end of the separation cylinder, and further separates the fly ash through the filter cylinder in the water tank. The water storage area is filled with cleaning water, and the lower half of the filter cylinder is located in the cleaning water. The filter cylinder is driven by the driving motor to rotate and clean the filter cylinder to ensure the filtering effect. Clean water is poured in and sewage is discharged through the water inlet pipe and the drain pipe to further strengthen the centrifugal separation of fine fly ash particles, so that the fly ash is further separated from the flue gas; then the flue gas enters the bag separation unit, and the flue gas passes through the dust removal When the dust bag is in use, fine fly ash particles are intercepted on the inner surface of the dust bag to achieve fine gas-solid separation, and the purified flue gas is discharged through the smoke outlet pipe; to prevent the dust bag from being blocked and affecting the filtration efficiency, the vibration spring at the lower end of the bracket and the vibration unit on the outer wall will be started regularly or on demand, so that the bracket drives the dust bag to vibrate and shake off the fly ash attached to the surface of the bag. The cross-section of the dust bag gradually decreases from top to bottom, so that the fly ash it shakes off adheres to the dust bag again, and the shaken fly ash falls into the conveying box through the collecting channel and participates in the transportation and subsequent processing processes again.

[0028] Furthermore, 10. The solid waste treatment method of the fly ash treatment device according to claim 9 is characterized in that, before step 1), the following steps are also included:

[0029] S1) Pretreatment before incineration

[0030] S1a) First, industrial solid waste is classified and screened using vibrating screens and magnetic separators. The vibrating screens separate larger lumps from fine particles based on different mesh sizes, while the magnetic separators specifically adsorb and remove large metal impurities, such as discarded steel parts and iron-containing waste slag, to prevent them from damaging the incineration equipment or affecting the incineration effect during the incineration process. At the same time, through a combination of manual sorting and mechanical screening, non-combustible and non-useable impurities such as stones and ceramic fragments are picked out, and the remaining industrial solid waste is accurately separated into three categories: organic matter, inorganic matter, and recyclable matter.

[0031] S1b) For organic matter, a crusher is used for crushing; the crusher selects the crushing tool and crushing mode according to the hardness and toughness of the organic matter. For example, for hard plastics, a shearing crushing tool is used to crush them into uniform particles with a size of 5-50mm to increase the contact area with oxygen, which is convenient for subsequent full incineration in the incinerator; for solid waste with high humidity, a rotary dryer is used; by adjusting the temperature and flow rate of hot air and the residence time of the solid waste in the dryer, the moisture content is precisely controlled to be below 20%;

[0032] S2) Incineration process control

[0033] S2a) In the incinerator, the fuel supply system adjusts the fuel supply rate according to the calorific value of the solid waste and the feed amount; when processing industrial solid waste with high calorific value, reduce the amount of fuel oil and gas auxiliary fuel added; on the contrary, for low calorific value solid waste, increase the fuel supply to ensure that the incineration temperature is kept stable at 850-1100℃; at the same time, with the help of variable frequency fans, adjust the air flow and pressure according to the combustion conditions, so that the combustion air is mixed with the solid waste and fuel to promote complete combustion; and make the smoke stay in the high temperature area for no less than 2 seconds;

[0034] S2b) Monitor the incinerator operating conditions in real time, including furnace temperature, pressure, and flue gas composition, and adjust operating parameters based on the monitoring results.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] In the cyclone separation unit, the cross-section of the front shell of the cyclone bin gradually increases from the front end to the rear end, and the cross-section of the rear shell gradually decreases from the front end to the rear end. Combined with the non-rotating separation blades inside (the separation blades that do not need to be driven also have energy-saving effects), a stable and high-intensity rotating airflow can be quickly formed after the flue gas enters. When the industrial solid waste incineration flue gas containing fly ash enters the cyclone bin, the fly ash particles begin to move toward the wall of the cyclone bin under the action of centrifugal force; since the magnitude of the centrifugal force is closely related to the particle mass and the angular velocity of rotation, the fly ash particles with larger mass are more likely to be thrown toward the wall surface, thereby achieving preliminary gas-solid separation; the flue gas after preliminary separation carries some fine fly ash into the separation bin, and the separation cylinder in the separation bin and the separation bin form an annular separation channel, and the flue gas continues to rotate in the annular space to further separate the fly ash; at this time, under the dual effects of centrifugal force and gravity, larger particles of fly ash settle to the bottom of the annular separation channel and flow downward into the spray unit. This design can effectively capture fly ash particles of different particle sizes. Compared with the traditional single cyclone separator, it significantly improves the separation effect of larger particles of fly ash and reduces the burden on subsequent processing units.

[0037] The rotating separation unit provides further guarantee for fly ash separation; the filter cartridge rotatingly arranged in its water tank is connected to the separation cartridge of the cyclone separation unit, and the lower half of the filter cartridge is the water storage area, and is located in the cleaning water of the water tank; when the flue gas enters the rotating separation unit from the cyclone separation unit, the driving motor drives the filter cartridge to rotate, and uses centrifugal force to deeply separate the fine fly ash particles; during the rotation process, the cleaning water can continuously flush the filter cartridge to prevent fly ash from accumulating and clogging on the filter cartridge, thereby ensuring the durability and stability of the filtering effect; in this way, the fine fly ash that cannot be completely separated by the cyclone separation unit can be effectively captured, further improving the overall collection efficiency of fly ash and reducing the risk of fly ash escape.

[0038] The bag separation unit intercepts fly ash in a fine manner; its cross-section gradually decreases from top to bottom. This design allows the air flow velocity to gradually decrease when the flue gas passes through the dust bag, and fine fly ash particles are more easily intercepted on the inner surface of the dust bag, achieving fine gas-solid separation. The purified flue gas is discharged through the smoke outlet pipe, ensuring that the fly ash content in the exhaust gas reaches an extremely low level. To prevent the dust bag from being blocked and affecting the filtration efficiency, the vibration spring at the lower end of the bracket and the vibration unit on the outer wall will be started regularly or on demand, so that the bracket drives the dust bag to vibrate and shake off the fly ash attached to the surface of the bag. The shaken-off fly ash falls into the conveying box through the collection channel and participates in the subsequent treatment process again, avoiding secondary pollution and waste of resources of fly ash, and ensuring the continuity and efficiency of the entire fly ash treatment process.

[0039] Through the close cooperation and synergy of the cyclone separation unit, the rotary separation unit and the bag separation unit, the present invention realizes the comprehensive and efficient capture and separation of fly ash, greatly improves the fly ash collection efficiency, effectively reduces the pollution caused by the escape of fly ash into the atmosphere, ensures the comprehensiveness and thoroughness of fly ash treatment, thereby significantly reducing the difficulty and cost of subsequent treatment, and provides a reliable and efficient solution for the treatment of fly ash from industrial solid waste incineration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a specific implementation mode of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the cyclone separation unit in the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of separation blades arranged in a cyclone separation unit.

[0044] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the rotary separation unit in the present invention.

[0045] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the filter cartridge.

[0046] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the spray unit.

[0047] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in which a plurality of regulating nozzles are arranged in a spray unit.

[0048] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ball, the regulating nozzle and the water inlet pipe.

[0049] Fig.10 It is a structural diagram of the bag separation unit.

[0050] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dust removal bag.

[0051] Fig.12 It is a structural schematic diagram of the conveying unit.

[0052] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the dust removal bag is positioned by the bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0054] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0055] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "setting", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0056] like Figures 1 to 13 As shown, a fly ash treatment device for incineration of industrial solid waste comprises a flue gas channel 1, a fan 2 is arranged on the flue gas channel 1, and an output end of the flue gas channel 1 is connected to a front end of a cyclone separation unit 3;

[0057] A spray unit 5 is provided at the lower end of the rear half of the cyclone separation unit 3, and the lower end of the spray unit 5 is connected to the conveying unit 6, and the output end of the conveying unit 6 is connected to the input end of the storage container 7; a rotary separation unit 8 is provided at the rear end of the cyclone separation unit 3; a bag separation unit 9 is provided at the output end of the rotary separation unit 8, and the lower end of the bag separation unit 9 is connected to the conveying unit 6.

[0058] The cyclone separation unit 3 includes a cyclone bin 10 and a separation bin 11, the output end of the cyclone bin 10 is connected to the smoke channel 1, a separation blade 12 is arranged in the cyclone bin 10, the output end of the cyclone bin 10 is connected to the input end of the separation bin 11, a separation cylinder 13 is arranged in the separation bin 11, and the upper end outer wall of the separation cylinder 13 is connected to the separation bin 11 through a plurality of connecting rods 16; the separation of the separation cylinder 13 and the separation bin 11 forms an annular separation channel 15, the annular separation channel 15 extends downward and is connected to the spray unit 5, and the output end of the separation cylinder 13 extends out of the separation bin 11 and is connected to the rotating separation unit 8.

[0059] The cyclone bin 10 includes a front bin shell 17 and a rear bin shell 18, the front end of the front bin shell 17 is connected to the smoke channel 1, the rear end of the front bin shell 17 is detachably connected to the front end of the rear bin shell 18, the cross section of the front bin shell 17 from the front end to the rear end gradually increases, and the cross section of the rear bin shell 18 from the front end to the rear end gradually decreases, the separation blade 12 is connected to two positioning plates 19, each of the positioning plates 19 is clamped between the front bin shell 17 and the rear bin shell 18 and connected to each other by bolts 20;

[0060] The separation bin 11 includes a connecting section 21 whose front end is connected to the rear bin shell 18, and the cross-section of the connecting section 21 gradually increases from the front end to the rear end. The rear end of the connecting section 21 is connected to the front end of a straight tube section 22, and the straight tube section 22 has the same diameter as the rear end of the connecting section 21. The separation barrel 13 is located in the straight tube section 22, and the connecting rod 16 is passed through the straight tube section 22. The lower end of the straight tube section 22 is connected to the spray unit 5.

[0061] The spray unit 5 includes a spray box 23, the upper end of which is connected to the separation chamber 11, and the lower end of which is provided with a guide section 26, which is conical, and the lower end of which is connected to the conveying unit 6, and a plurality of spray heads 27 are provided on both sides of the spray box 23;

[0062] Each of the nozzles 27 is connected to a ball 28, respectively. Each of the balls 28 is connected to a water inlet pipe 29 and is provided with a water inlet hole 30. The nozzle 27 is connected to the water inlet pipe 29 through the water inlet hole 30. The nozzle 27 is located in the spray box 23, and the water inlet pipe 29 is located outside the spray box 23. A plurality of limiting holes are provided on the spray box 23. Each of the balls 28 is rotatably embedded in each of the limiting holes. Each of the water inlet pipes 29 is hinged to each of the main pipes 31, respectively. Each of the main pipes 31 is provided with a water inlet connector 32.

[0063] The rotating separation unit 8 includes a water tank 80, in which a filter cartridge 81 is rotatably arranged, and an outer wall of the water tank 80 is provided with a driving motor 82 for driving the filter cartridge 81 to rotate, the separation cartridge 13 is connected to the filter cartridge 81, and the lower half of the filter cartridge 81 is a water storage area. An inlet pipe 83 and a drain pipe 85 are provided on the water tank 80, and the lower half of the filter cartridge 81 is located in the water storage area.

[0064] The conveying unit 6 includes a conveying box 33, and the spray unit 5 and the bag separation unit 9 are both connected to the conveying box 33. A screw 36 is arranged in the conveying box 33, and the screw 36 is rotated by a conveying motor 37 arranged on the outer wall of the conveying box 33. A conveying thread piece 38 is spirally arranged on the screw 36.

[0065] The bag separation unit 9 includes a separation box 39, in which at least two dust removal bags 50 are arranged. The output end of each dust removal bag 50 is connected to a smoke outlet pipe 51 arranged on the outside of the separation box 39. The two sides of the dust removal bag 50 are respectively arranged on each bracket 52. The lower end of each bracket 52 is connected to the separation box 39 through a vibration spring 53. The outer wall of the separation box 39 is provided with a vibration unit 55 for vibrating each bracket 52. The cross-section of the dust removal bag 50 gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the lower end of the separation box 39 is connected to the conveying box 33 through a collecting channel 56.

[0066] It also includes a positioning base 57 for installing the entire fly ash processing device.

[0067] A solid waste treatment method for a fly ash treatment device comprises the following steps:

[0068] Step 1: Flue gas transportation and initial separation

[0069] Industrial solid waste incineration flue gas containing fly ash first enters the flue gas channel 1, and the fan 2 on the channel is started. The rotation of the fan 2 applies power to the flue gas, thereby increasing its pressure and flow rate, overcoming the resistance of subsequent equipment and pipelines, and quickly pushing the flue gas to the front end of the cyclone separation unit 3; the flue gas enters the cyclone bin 10 of the cyclone separation unit 3, and when the flue gas passes through the non-rotating separation blades 12, the separation blades 12 cause the flue gas to rotate, and the cross-section from the front end to the rear end of the front bin shell 17 gradually increases, and the cross-section from the front end to the rear end of the rear bin shell 18 gradually decreases. Such changes cause the flue gas to form a stable rotating airflow in the bin, so that the fly ash particles move toward the wall of the cyclone bin 10 under the action of centrifugal force. Since the magnitude of the centrifugal force is related to the particle mass and the rotational angular velocity, the fly ash particles with larger mass are more easily thrown to the wall, thereby achieving preliminary gas-solid separation;

[0070] After the initial separation, the flue gas carries some fine fly ash into the separation bin 11. The separation cylinder 13 in the separation bin 11 forms an annular separation channel 15 with the separation bin 11. The flue gas continues to rotate in the annular space to further separate the fly ash. At this time, the larger particles of fly ash settle to the bottom of the annular separation channel 15 under the action of centrifugal force and gravity, and flow downward into the spray unit 5.

[0071] Step 2: Spraying and dust reduction and transportation

[0072] The fly ash particles falling into the spray unit 5 enter the spray box 23. The main pipe 31 is turned to rotate the ball 28 to adjust the direction of the spray head 27. The several spray heads 27 on both sides of the spray box 23 start to work. The ball 28 connected to the spray head is connected to the water inlet pipe 29 through the water inlet hole 30. Water is connected to the main pipe 31 from the water inlet connector 32, and then distributed to each water inlet pipe 29, and finally sprayed out from the spray head 27. The water mist from the spray head 27 sprays the fly ash particles to reduce dust. The surface of the fly ash particles is moistened by the water mist, which increases the agglomeration between the particles and makes them easier to settle. Some soluble harmful substances can be dissolved in water to reduce the pollution of the fly ash. The fly ash and water mixture after the dust reduction is sprayed is gathered at the conical guide section 26 at the lower end of the spray box 23, and flows into the conveying box 33 of the conveying unit 6 under the action of gravity.

[0073] Step 3 Screw conveying and storage

[0074] The screw 36 in the conveying box 33 is driven to rotate by the conveying motor 37 on the outer wall, and the conveying screw piece 38 spirally arranged on the screw pushes the fly ash mixture to move toward the storage container 7 as the screw rotates; the fly ash mixture is conveyed to the storage container 7 for temporary storage and awaiting subsequent processing;

[0075] Step 4: Fine separation and tail gas purification

[0076] The flue gas after preliminary treatment by the cyclone separation unit 3 enters the rotary separation unit 8 from the output end of the separation cylinder 13, and further separates the fly ash through the filter cylinder 81 in the water tank 80. The water storage area is filled with cleaning water, and the lower half of the filter cylinder 81 is located in the cleaning water. The filter cylinder 81 is driven by the driving motor 82 to rotate, and the filter cylinder 81 is cleaned to ensure the filtering effect. Clean water is poured in and sewage is discharged through the water inlet pipe 83 and the drain pipe 85, and the centrifugal separation effect of fine fly ash particles is further strengthened, so that the fly ash is further separated from the flue gas; then the flue gas enters the bag separation unit 9, and the flue gas is removed by the bag filter. When the dust bag 50 is filled, fine fly ash particles are intercepted on the inner surface of the dust bag to achieve fine gas-solid separation, and the purified flue gas is discharged through the smoke outlet pipe 51; to prevent the dust bag 50 from being blocked and affecting the filtration efficiency, the vibration spring 53 at the lower end of the bracket 52 and the vibration unit 55 on the outer wall will be started regularly or on demand, so that the bracket 52 drives the dust bag to vibrate and shake off the fly ash attached to the surface of the bag. The cross-section of the dust bag 50 gradually decreases from top to bottom, so that the fly ash it shakes off is attached to the dust bag again, and the shaken fly ash falls into the conveying box 33 through the collecting channel 56, and participates in the conveying and subsequent processing process again.

[0077] The solid waste treatment method of the fly ash treatment device further includes the following steps before step 1:

[0078] S1 Pretreatment before incineration

[0079] S1a First, use professional vibration screens, magnetic separators and other equipment to classify and screen industrial solid waste. The vibration screen separates larger lumps from fine particles based on different screen apertures, while the magnetic separator specifically adsorbs and removes large metal impurities, such as discarded steel parts and iron-containing waste slag, to prevent them from damaging the incineration equipment or affecting the incineration effect during the incineration process. At the same time, through a combination of manual sorting and mechanical screening, non-combustible and non-utilizable impurities such as stones and ceramic fragments are picked out, and the remaining industrial solid waste is accurately separated into three categories: organic matter, inorganic matter, and recyclable matter. For example, plastics, rubber products, etc. are classified as organic matter; glass, metal scraps, etc. are classified as recyclables; and some mineral waste slags are included in the category of inorganic matter.

[0080] S1b For organic matter, a special crusher is used for crushing. The crusher selects appropriate crushing tools and crushing modes according to the hardness, toughness and other characteristics of the organic matter. For example, for harder plastics, shear-type crushing tools are used to crush them into uniform particles with a size of 5-50mm to increase the contact area with oxygen, which is convenient for subsequent full incineration in the incinerator. For solid waste with high humidity, efficient drying equipment such as rotary dryers are enabled. By adjusting the temperature and flow rate of hot air and the residence time of solid waste in the dryer, the moisture content can be accurately controlled below 20%. Specifically, when encountering sludge-like solid waste with a high moisture content, high-temperature hot air is first used to quickly vaporize the surface moisture, and then the temperature is gradually lowered to deeply dry the internal moisture to ensure that the drying effect is uniform and efficient, thereby improving the incineration efficiency and reducing energy consumption during the incineration process.

[0081] S2 Incineration Process Control

[0082] S2a In the incinerator, the fuel supply system accurately adjusts the fuel supply rate through an intelligent control system based on factors such as the calorific value of the solid waste and the amount of feed. When processing industrial solid waste with high calorific value, appropriately reduce the amount of auxiliary fuels such as fuel oil and gas; conversely, for low calorific value solid waste, increase the fuel supply in a timely manner to ensure that the incineration temperature remains stable in the ideal range of 850-1100°C. At the same time, the regulation of the amount of combustion air is also crucial. With the help of a variable frequency fan, the air flow and pressure are adjusted in real time according to the combustion conditions to fully mix the combustion air with the solid waste and fuel to promote complete combustion. In addition, by optimizing the furnace structure and airflow organization of the incinerator, it is ensured that the flue gas stays in the high temperature zone for no less than 2 seconds, effectively preventing the formation of incomplete combustion products such as carbon monoxide, carbon black, and highly toxic dioxins;

[0083] S2b monitors the working condition of the incinerator in real time. It uses high-precision sensors distributed throughout the incinerator to monitor key working condition parameters such as furnace temperature, pressure, and flue gas composition in real time. The temperature sensor uses high-temperature resistant and high-precision thermocouples to provide real-time feedback on temperature changes at different locations in the furnace. The pressure sensor accurately measures the pressure fluctuations in the furnace to ensure that the incineration process is in a slightly negative pressure state to prevent flue gas from overflowing. The flue gas component analyzer uses advanced spectral analysis technology to perform online detection of oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, dioxins and other components in the flue gas. Once a parameter is detected to deviate from the set standard, the control system will automatically adjust the corresponding operating parameters immediately, such as adjusting the fuel valve opening, fan speed, etc., to ensure that the incineration process is always in the best condition.

[0084] The preferred specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. It should be understood that a person skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes based on the concept of the present invention without creative work. Therefore, any technical solution that can be obtained by a person skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the concept of the present invention on the basis of the prior art should be within the scope of protection determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A fly ash treatment device for incineration of industrial solid waste, characterized in that: It comprises a smoke channel (1), a fan (2) is arranged on the smoke channel (1), and the output end of the smoke channel (1) is connected to the front end of a cyclone separation unit (3); A spray unit (5) is provided at the lower end of the rear half of the cyclone separation unit (3), the lower end of the spray unit (5) is connected to a conveying unit (6), and the output end of the conveying unit (6) is connected to the input end of a storage container (7); a rotary separation unit (8) is provided at the rear end of the cyclone separation unit (3); a bag separation unit (9) is provided at the output end of the rotary separation unit (8), and the lower end of the bag separation unit (9) is connected to the conveying unit (6).

2. The fly ash treatment device for incineration of industrial solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cyclone separation unit (3) comprises a cyclone bin (10) and a separation bin (11); the output end of the cyclone bin (10) is connected to the smoke channel (1); a separation blade (12) is arranged in the cyclone bin (10); the output end of the cyclone bin (10) is connected to the input end of the separation bin (11); a separation cylinder (13) is arranged in the separation bin (11); the upper outer wall of the separation cylinder (13) is connected to the separation bin (11) via a plurality of connecting rods (16); the separation of the separation cylinder (13) and the separation bin (11) forms an annular separation channel (15); the annular separation channel (15) extends downward and is in communication with the spray unit (5); the output end of the separation cylinder (13) extends out of the separation bin (11) and is connected to the rotary separation unit (8).

3. The fly ash treatment device for incineration of industrial solid waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cyclone bin (10) comprises a front bin shell (17) and a rear bin shell (18), the front end of the front bin shell (17) is connected to the smoke channel (1), the rear end of the front bin shell (17) is detachably connected to the front end of the rear bin shell (18), the cross section of the front bin shell (17) gradually increases from the front end to the rear end, and the cross section of the rear bin shell (18) gradually decreases from the front end to the rear end, the separation blade (12) is connected to two positioning plates (19), each of the positioning plates (19) is clamped between the front bin shell (17) and the rear bin shell (18) and connected to each other by bolts (20); The separation bin (11) comprises a connecting section (21) whose front end is connected to the rear bin shell (18); the cross section of the connecting section (21) gradually increases from the front end to the rear end; the rear end of the connecting section (21) is connected to the front end of a straight tube section (22); the straight tube section (22) has the same diameter as the rear end of the connecting section (21); the separation barrel (13) is located in the straight tube section (22); the connecting rod (16) is passed through the straight tube section (22); and the lower end of the straight tube section (22) is connected to the spray unit (5).

4. The fly ash treatment device for incineration of industrial solid waste as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The spray unit (5) comprises a spray box (23), the upper end of the spray box (23) is connected to the separation chamber (11), the lower end of the spray box (23) is provided with a guide section (26), the guide section (26) is conical, the lower end of the guide section (26) is connected to the conveying unit (6), and a plurality of spray heads (27) are provided on both sides of the spray box (23); Each of the spray heads (27) is connected to each of the balls (28), each of the balls (28) is connected to a water inlet pipe (29) and is provided with a water inlet hole (30), and the spray head (27) is connected to the water inlet pipe (29) through the water inlet hole (30); the spray head (27) is located inside the spray box (23), the water inlet pipe (29) is located outside the spray box (23), a plurality of limiting holes are provided on the spray box (23), each of the balls (28) is rotatably embedded in each of the limiting holes, each of the water inlet pipes (29) is hinged to each of the main pipes (31), and each of the main pipes (31) is provided with a water inlet connector (32).

5. The fly ash treatment device for incineration of industrial solid waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotary separation unit (8) comprises a water tank (80), a filter cartridge (81) is rotatably arranged in the water tank (80), a driving motor (82) for driving the filter cartridge (81) to rotate is arranged on the outer wall of the water tank (80), the separation cartridge (13) is connected to the filter cartridge (81), the lower half of the filter cartridge (81) is a water storage area, a water inlet pipe (83) and a drain pipe (85) are arranged on the upper part of the water tank (80), and the lower half of the filter cartridge (81) is located in the water storage area.

6. The fly ash treatment device for incineration of industrial solid waste according to claim 5, characterized in that: The conveying unit (6) comprises a conveying box (33), the spray unit (5) and the bag separation unit (9) are both connected to the conveying box (33), a screw (36) is arranged in the conveying box (33), the screw (36) is rotated by a conveying motor (37) arranged on the outer wall of the conveying box (33), and a conveying thread piece (38) is spirally arranged on the screw (36).

7. The fly ash treatment device for incineration of industrial solid waste according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bag separation unit (9) comprises a separation box (39), at least two dust removal bags (50) are arranged in the separation box (39), the output end of each dust removal bag (50) is connected to a smoke outlet pipe (51) arranged outside the separation box (39), the two sides of the dust removal bag (50) are respectively arranged on each bracket (52), the lower end of each bracket (52) is connected to the separation box (39) through a vibration spring (53), the outer wall of the separation box (39) is provided with a vibration unit (55) for vibrating each bracket (52), the cross-section of the dust removal bag (50) gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the lower end of the separation box (39) is connected to the conveying box (33) through a collecting channel (56).

8. The fly ash treatment device for incineration of industrial solid waste according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also comprises a positioning base (57) for installing the entire fly ash processing device.

9. A solid waste treatment method comprising the fly ash treatment device of claim 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1) Flue gas transportation and initial separation Industrial solid waste incineration flue gas containing fly ash first enters the flue gas channel (1), and the fan (2) on the channel is started. The rotation of the fan (2) applies power to the flue gas, thereby increasing its pressure and flow rate, overcoming the resistance of subsequent equipment and pipelines, and quickly pushing the flue gas to the front end of the cyclone separation unit (3); The flue gas enters the cyclone bin (10) of the cyclone separation unit (3). When the flue gas passes through the non-rotating separation blades (12), the separation blades (12) cause the flue gas to rotate, and the cross section from the front end to the rear end of the front bin shell (17) gradually increases, while the cross section from the front end to the rear end of the rear bin shell (18) gradually decreases. Such changes cause the flue gas to form a stable rotating airflow in the bin, causing the fly ash particles to move toward the wall of the cyclone bin (10) under the action of centrifugal force. Since the magnitude of the centrifugal force is related to the particle mass and the rotational angular velocity, the fly ash particles with a larger mass are more likely to be thrown toward the wall, thereby achieving preliminary gas-solid separation. After the preliminary separation, the flue gas carries part of the fine fly ash and enters the separation bin (11). The separation cylinder (13) in the separation bin (11) and the separation bin (11) form an annular separation channel (15). The flue gas continues to rotate in the annular space to further separate the fly ash. At this time, the larger particles of fly ash settle to the bottom of the annular separation channel (15) under the action of centrifugal force and gravity, and flow downward into the spray unit (5); Step 2) Spraying dust reduction and transportation The fly ash particles falling into the spray unit (5) enter the spray box (23), and by turning the main pipe (31) to rotate the ball (28) to adjust the direction of the spray head (27), the multiple spray heads (27) on both sides of the spray box (23) start to work, and the ball (28) connected to the spray head is connected to the water inlet pipe (29) through the water inlet hole (30), and the water is connected to the main pipe (31) from the water inlet connector (32), and then distributed to each water inlet pipe (29), and finally from The nozzle (27) sprays water mist; the water mist from the nozzle (27) sprays the fly ash particles to reduce dust, and the water mist makes the surface of the fly ash particles moist, increases the agglomeration between the particles, and makes them easier to settle; some soluble harmful substances can be dissolved in water, reducing the pollution of the fly ash; the fly ash and water mixture after the dust is sprayed and reduced is gathered at the conical guide section (26) at the lower end of the spray box (23), and flows into the conveying box (33) of the conveying unit (6) under the action of gravity; Step 3) Screw conveying and storage The screw (36) in the conveying box (33) is driven to rotate by a conveying motor (37) on the outer wall, and the conveying screw sheet (38) spirally arranged on the screw pushes the fly ash mixture toward the storage container (7) as the screw rotates; the fly ash mixture is conveyed to the storage container (7) for temporary storage and awaiting subsequent processing; Step 4) Fine separation and tail gas purification The flue gas after preliminary treatment by the cyclone separation unit (3) enters the rotary separation unit (8) from the output end of the separation cylinder (13), and further separates the fly ash through the filter cylinder (81) in the water tank (80). The water storage area is filled with cleaning water, and the lower half of the filter cylinder (81) is located in the cleaning water. The filter cylinder (81) is driven by the driving motor (82) to rotate, and the filter cylinder (81) is cleaned to ensure the filtering effect. Clean water is poured in and sewage is discharged through the water inlet pipe (83) and the drain pipe (85), and the centrifugal separation effect on fine fly ash particles is further strengthened, so that the fly ash is further separated from the flue gas; then the flue gas enters the bag separation unit (9), and the flue gas passes through the flue gas filter. When passing through the dust bag (50), fine fly ash particles are intercepted on the inner surface of the dust bag, achieving fine gas-solid separation, and the purified flue gas is discharged through the smoke outlet pipe (51); in order to prevent the dust bag (50) from being blocked and affecting the filtering efficiency, the vibration spring (53) at the lower end of the bracket (52) and the vibration unit (55) on the outer wall will be started regularly or on demand, so that the bracket (52) drives the dust bag to vibrate and shake off the fly ash attached to the surface of the bag. The cross-section of the dust bag (50) is gradually reduced from top to bottom, so that the fly ash shaken off is attached to the dust bag again. The shaken fly ash falls into the conveying box (33) through the collection channel (56) and participates in the conveying and subsequent processing process again.

10. The solid waste treatment method of the fly ash treatment device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step 1) also includes the following steps: S1) Pretreatment before incineration S1a) First, industrial solid waste is classified and screened using vibrating screens and magnetic separators. The vibrating screens separate larger lumps from fine particles based on different mesh sizes, while the magnetic separators specifically adsorb and remove large metal impurities, such as discarded steel parts and iron-containing waste slag, to prevent them from damaging the incineration equipment or affecting the incineration effect during the incineration process. At the same time, through a combination of manual sorting and mechanical screening, non-combustible and non-useable impurities such as stones and ceramic fragments are picked out, and the remaining industrial solid waste is accurately separated into three categories: organic matter, inorganic matter, and recyclable matter. S1b) For organic matter, a crusher is used for crushing; the crusher selects the crushing tool and crushing mode according to the hardness and toughness of the organic matter. For example, for hard plastics, a shearing crushing tool is used to crush them into uniform particles with a size of 5-50mm to increase the contact area with oxygen, which is convenient for subsequent full incineration in the incinerator; for solid waste with high humidity, a rotary dryer is used; by adjusting the temperature and flow rate of hot air and the residence time of the solid waste in the dryer, the moisture content is precisely controlled to be below 20%; S2) Incineration process control S2a) In the incinerator, the fuel supply system adjusts the fuel supply rate according to the calorific value of the solid waste and the feed amount; when processing industrial solid waste with high calorific value, reduce the amount of fuel oil and gas auxiliary fuel added; on the contrary, for low calorific value solid waste, increase the fuel supply to ensure that the incineration temperature is kept stable at 850-1100℃; at the same time, with the help of variable frequency fans, adjust the air flow and pressure according to the combustion conditions, so that the combustion air is mixed with the solid waste and fuel to promote complete combustion; and make the smoke stay in the high temperature area for no less than 2 seconds; S2b) Monitor the incinerator operating conditions in real time, including furnace temperature, pressure, and flue gas composition, and adjust operating parameters based on the monitoring results.

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