Design of time-space relationship of well-gun saturation excitation, and method and device for realizing well-gun excitation

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and device for designing the spatiotemporal relationship of saturated well-shot excitation, and for realizing well-shot excitation. The method comprises: obtaining a single-shot seismic record of a work area; gridding the single-shot seismic record, and determining the seismic signal energy of each grid, obtaining energy attenuation change data after single-shot excitation, comparing the seismic signal energy of each grid with a predetermined background noise threshold, and determining energy interference areas and non-interference areas; determining the T-D curve of saturated well-shot excitation based on the determined time-space T-D inflection points of the interference areas and non-interference areas and the recording range of the next shot; and realizing saturated well-shot excitation using the T-D curve of saturated well-shot excitation. The method can quantitatively estimate the energy attenuation of a single shot, minimize interference from adjacent shots to the greatest extent possible, and compress the time interval between adjacent excitations within a controllable range by exchanging space for time, thereby obtaining greater construction efficiency and providing excellent technical support for the era of three-dimensional seismic node acquisition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, and in particular to a design of time-space relationship of well-gun saturation excitation, and a method and device for realizing well-gun excitation. Background Art

[0002] Since the advent of the 3D seismic node acquisition era, node resource allocation has been large, and the seismic data acquisition cycle is short, placing higher demands on 3D seismic saturation excitation acquisition technology. In farmland and grassland areas with good terrain, the use of controlled source dynamic sliding scanning technology has greatly improved acquisition efficiency. However, the loess mountainous area is limited by the gully-ridden topography of the loess plateau, making controlled source construction impossible. Only traditional well-shot excitation can be used. This excitation method mainly uses fixed time intervals to excite, waiting for the excitation energy to dissipate before the next shot is fired. This makes it difficult to achieve saturation excitation acquisition with the well-shot excitation acquisition method, which is a major pain point for blocks that urgently need seismic data to support oil and gas development.

[0003] Traditional well-shot excitation methods in 2D seismic exploration rely on controlling the time interval between adjacent well shots. Theoretically, when the interval between well shots is shorter than the recording time, the seismic wave energy from adjacent shots interferes with each other, resulting in aliased data and making it impossible to truly separate the data. However, this situation, when the interval is shorter than the recording time, does not exist in actual exploration. When the interval between well shots is longer than the recording time, the data from the previous shot can be separated, but its seismic wave energy continues to propagate downward and decay, affecting the next shot. Considering only the time interval between shots effectively means "waiting" for the energy of the previous shot to decay to a point where interference with the next shot is eliminated, which is undesirable in saturation acquisition.

[0004] Saturation acquisition for 3D seismic exploration is generally achieved by controlling spatial distance, or the propagation path. In 3D seismic saturation acquisition, the time-space relationship, or TD curve, is a key function of the relationship between time interval and spatial distance and forms the basis for efficient saturation acquisition. This is a trade-off principle, essentially trading space for time to achieve efficient acquisition. Saturation acquisition can be performed using either synchronous or asynchronous excitation methods. Synchronous excitation is based on the principle that the spatial distance between two adjacent shots does not produce energy interference in the effective reflections of the deepest target layer. The key consideration is the spatial distance between two shots that are synchronized to avoid interference in the deepest target layer. Asynchronous excitation ensures that the reflection information of the next shot is free of interference for more than 3 seconds, thus requiring a larger spatial distance. This approach is undesirable for efficient acquisition. If the spatial distance between the next shot is shortened and the excitation interval is extended, the degree of energy interference between the next shot cannot be quantified.

[0005] In other words, when the spatial distance and time interval between adjacent shots are inappropriate, energy interference can easily occur, affecting the quality of seismic data. Properly designing TD curves and selecting the spatial distance and time interval between well shots based on these curves, minimizing seismic wave interference between adjacent shots, is crucial for obtaining high-quality seismic data. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The inventors of this application discovered that prior art TD curve design considers the interference effects of adjacent shots purely from the perspective of seismic wave kinematics, namely, the energy propagation path. Furthermore, most approaches develop TD curves based on qualitative assessments of the degree of interference, without adopting a quantitative and scientific approach. Consequently, energy interference between adjacent shots cannot be avoided during saturation acquisition, hindering the acquisition of high-quality seismic data. The urgent technical challenge of quantitatively and scientifically designing TD curves to achieve saturation acquisition while ensuring seismic data quality remains.

[0007] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a well-gun saturation excitation time-space relationship design, well-gun excitation implementation method and device that overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0008] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing a spatiotemporal relationship of a well-gun saturation excitation, comprising:

[0009] Based on the seismic records collected within a preset offset range and a preset recording time range after a single shot is fired in the work area, a single shot seismic record of the work area is obtained; the single shot seismic record includes seismic records of different offsets and different recording times;

[0010] Grid the single-shot seismic records and determine the seismic signal energy of each grid to obtain the energy attenuation change data after the single-shot excitation;

[0011] Comparing the seismic signal energy of each grid with a predetermined background noise threshold, determining an interference region in the energy attenuation change data where the seismic signal energy is greater than the background noise threshold and a non-interference region where the seismic signal energy is not greater than the background noise threshold;

[0012] Based on the determined time-space TD inflection points of the interference area and the non-interference area and the recording range of the next shot, the TD curve of the well shot saturation excitation is determined;

[0013] The above background noise threshold is the average value of the background noise energy of all grids before the first arrival.

[0014] In some optional embodiments, the work area is divided according to geological conditions and surface conditions, and a time-space domain energy attenuation test is performed on each work area.

[0015] In some optional embodiments, single-shot seismic records are gridded, and the seismic signal energy of each grid is determined to obtain energy attenuation change data after single-shot excitation, including:

[0016] The single shot seismic record is divided into multiple grids, the size of the grid is , n represents the offset, m represents the time;

[0017] The seismic signal energy of each grid is determined by the following formula: ,in is the total number of sample points in a seismic trace, is the energy value corresponding to the i-th sample point, is the seismic signal energy of each grid;

[0018] Based on the seismic signal energy of each grid, energy attenuation change data after single shot excitation is obtained, and the energy attenuation change data is represented by a scatter plot.

[0019] In some optional embodiments, the process of determining the background noise threshold includes:

[0020] Detect background noise signals in the work area before the initial arrival;

[0021] Divide the background noise signal into grids and determine the background noise energy of each grid;

[0022] The average background noise energy of the work area is obtained according to the background noise energy of each grid, which is used as the background noise threshold.

[0023] In some optional embodiments, determining a TD curve of a well shot saturation excitation based on the determined time-distance TD inflection points of the interference region and the non-interference region and the recording range of the next shot includes:

[0024] Based on the determined TD inflection points of the interference region and the non-interference region;

[0025] According to the TD inflection point, the TD interference curve is determined;

[0026] Based on the recording range of the next shot, the TD interference curve is optimized and adjusted to obtain the TD curve of the well shot saturation excitation. The recording range of the next shot refers to the preset offset range of the next shot.

[0027] In some optional embodiments, when synchronous excitation is adopted, the above method further includes:

[0028] Collect existing seismic data in the work area, pick up refracted waves on the existing seismic data, and determine the travel time of the refracted waves;

[0029] Based on the underlying stratum velocity and the maximum offset of adjacent shots included in the existing seismic data, the minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference with the target layer is determined;

[0030] The TD relationship curve of synchronous excitation well-gun is determined according to the travel time of the refracted wave and the minimum spatial distance.

[0031] In some optional embodiments, picking up refracted waves from existing seismic data and determining the travel time of the refracted waves includes:

[0032] Obtain refraction wave data on existing seismic data;

[0033] Based on the refracted wave data, the travel time of the refracted wave is determined according to the following formula: ,in, is the offset, is the formation thickness, is the angle of incidence, is the velocity of the underlying formation, is the overlying stratum velocity.

[0034] In some optional embodiments, the minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference with the target layer is determined based on the underlying stratum velocity and the maximum offset of adjacent shots included in existing seismic data, including:

[0035] The minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference to the target layer is determined according to the following formula: ,in is the minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference to the target layer, is the refracted wave travel time, is the underlying stratum velocity, is the maximum offset between adjacent guns.

[0036] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for implementing saturation excitation of a well gun, comprising:

[0037] Based on the pre-determined TD curve, the spatial distance and time interval between adjacent well-shot firings are selected and the well-shot firing operation is performed;

[0038] The TD curve is obtained using the above-mentioned time-space relationship design method for well-gun saturation excitation.

[0039] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for designing a spatiotemporal relationship of a well-gun saturation excitation, comprising:

[0040] A data acquisition module is used to acquire single-shot seismic records of the work area based on seismic records collected within a preset offset range and a preset recording time range after a single shot is fired in the work area; the single-shot seismic records include seismic records of different offsets and different recording times;

[0041] The data processing module is used to grid the single-shot seismic records and determine the seismic signal energy of each grid to obtain the energy attenuation change data after the single-shot excitation;

[0042] The spatiotemporal relationship determination module is used to compare the seismic signal energy of each grid with a predetermined background noise threshold, determine the interference area in the energy attenuation change data where the seismic signal energy is greater than the background noise threshold, and the non-interference area in which the seismic signal energy is not greater than the background noise threshold; based on the determined time-space TD inflection points of the interference area and the non-interference area and the recording range of the next shot, determine the TD curve of the well shot saturation excitation.

[0043] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for realizing saturation excitation of a well gun, comprising:

[0044] A device for designing the time and space relationship of saturation excitation of well guns;

[0045] The well-shot excitation implementation module is used to select the spatial distance and time interval of adjacent well-shot excitations based on a predetermined TD curve and implement the well-shot excitation operation.

[0046] An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer storage medium storing computer executable instructions. When the computer executable instructions are executed by a processor, a method for designing a spatiotemporal relationship of well-gun saturation excitation and / or a method for implementing well-gun saturation excitation are implemented.

[0047] An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, a method for designing a spatiotemporal relationship of saturated well gun excitation and / or a method for implementing saturated well gun excitation is implemented.

[0048] The beneficial effects of the above technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention include at least:

[0049] The present invention provides a method and apparatus for designing the spatiotemporal relationship of well-shot saturation excitation, implementing well-shot excitation, and implementing the method. The method involves obtaining single-shot seismic records from a work area, gridding the single-shot seismic records, and determining the seismic signal energy of each grid. Energy attenuation change data after single-shot excitation is obtained. The seismic signal energy of each grid is compared with a predetermined background noise threshold to determine energy interference and non-interference regions. The TD curve for well-shot saturation excitation is determined based on the determined time-space TD inflection points of the interference and non-interference regions and the recording range of the next shot. Quantitative calculation and determination of the TD curve based on energy attenuation in the time-space domain significantly improves well-shot acquisition efficiency and shortens acquisition time while ensuring seismic data quality. This provides strong technical support for obtaining better seismic data quality and improving production efficiency.

[0050] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or will be understood by practicing the present invention. The purposes and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0051] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0053] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the method for designing the spatiotemporal relationship of saturation excitation of well guns in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a single shot seismic record in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a scatter plot of energy attenuation changes in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the energy interference region and the non-interference region in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 5 This is a scatter plot of energy change data for a three-dimensional loess mountain project in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the TD curve of the well gun saturation excitation in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the device for designing the spatiotemporal relationship of saturated excitation of well guns in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 8 This is a flow chart of a method for designing the spatiotemporal relationship of synchronous well-blasting excitation in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of a device for realizing saturation excitation of a well gun in the third embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 10 This is an example of a schematic diagram of the interference of adjacent gun excitations in the third embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0063] Figure 11This is an example of a schematic diagram of the interference of adjacent gun excitations in the third embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0064] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the synchronous excitation interference of adjacent guns in Example 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0066] In existing technology, TD curve design considers the interference effect of adjacent shots purely from the perspective of seismic wave kinematics, that is, the energy propagation path, without considering the impact of the upper shot on the lower shot. Furthermore, most TD curves are developed by qualitatively judging the degree of interference, without quantitative and scientific design of TD curves. As a result, energy interference between adjacent shots cannot be avoided during saturation excitation acquisition, making it impossible to obtain high-quality seismic data.

[0067] To address the problem in the prior art of considering the interference effects of adjacent shots only from the perspective of energy propagation paths, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for designing the spatiotemporal relationship of well-shot saturation excitation and implementing well-shot excitation. These methods and apparatus quantitatively design TD curves to achieve well-shot saturation excitation, significantly improving well-shot acquisition efficiency and shortening acquisition time while ensuring seismic data quality. This provides strong technical support for obtaining better seismic data quality and improving production efficiency.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] The first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing the time-space relationship of saturation excitation of a well gun, the process of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0070] Step S101: Obtain single-shot seismic records of the work area.

[0071] Preferably, based on seismic records collected within a preset offset range and a preset recording time range after a single shot is fired in the work area, a single shot seismic record of the work area is obtained, wherein the single shot seismic record includes seismic records of different offsets and different recording times;

[0072] Preferably, the work area is divided according to its actual geological conditions. For example, the work area can be divided into a farmland-grassland area with favorable terrain, a loess plateau-gully area with crisscrossing terrain, and a mountainous area with rugged terrain. A time-space domain energy decay test is conducted for each work area to obtain a single-shot seismic record for that work area. The single-shot seismic record can be a super-array single-shot seismic record with a duration of 30-60 seconds and a maximum offset of 15-30 km.

[0073] Step S102: gridding the single shot seismic records, determining the seismic signal energy of each grid, and obtaining energy attenuation change data after the single shot excitation.

[0074] Preferably, the single shot seismic record is divided into multiple grids, the size of the grid is , n represents the shot offset, m represents the time; n and m in the grid can be selected as needed, for example: n defaults to 1km, m defaults to 1s. Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The horizontal axis is the offset of a single shot, and the vertical axis is the time of a single shot. Figure 2 The energy changes can also be seen in the image. The dark area is the strong energy area of ​​the single shot, and the light area is the weak energy area of ​​the single shot.

[0075] Preferably, the seismic signal energy of each grid is determined by the following formula:

[0076] (1)

[0077] in, is the total number of sample points in a seismic trace, is the energy value corresponding to the i-th sample point, is the seismic signal energy of each grid;

[0078] There are multiple sample points in a seismic trace. The energy value of each sample point is determined, and then the energy value of each sample point in each seismic trace is calculated according to the above formula to determine the root mean square energy of the seismic trace. This root mean square energy is used as the root mean square energy of a grid, that is, the seismic signal energy of a grid. The seismic signal energy of the remaining grids is also calculated according to the above method to determine the seismic signal energy of each grid.

[0079] Based on the seismic signal energy of each grid, the energy attenuation change data after single shot excitation is obtained. The attenuation change data can intuitively reflect the energy attenuation change of the single shot after single shot excitation. The energy attenuation change data is represented by a scatter plot, and the following is obtained: Figure 3 The energy attenuation variation scatter plot is shown. Figure 3 The horizontal axis is the offset, and the vertical axis is the recording time. Figure 3The point in each grid represents the seismic signal energy of the grid, and the curve in the figure represents the energy change trend. The left side of the curve is the strong energy area, and the right side of the curve is the weak energy area.

[0080] Step S103: Determine the energy interference area and the non-interference area.

[0081] Preferably, the seismic signal energy of each grid is compared with a predetermined background noise threshold to determine interference areas in the energy attenuation change data where the seismic signal energy is greater than the background noise threshold and non-interference areas where the seismic signal energy is not greater than the background noise threshold.

[0082] Preferably, the background noise threshold is determined as follows:

[0083] Detect background noise signals in the work area before the initial arrival;

[0084] Divide the background noise signal into grids and determine the background noise energy of each grid;

[0085] The average background noise energy of the work area is obtained according to the background noise energy of each grid, which is used as the background noise threshold.

[0086] The above background noise threshold is the average value of the background noise energy of all grids before the first arrival. The calculation of background noise is similar to the calculation of seismic signal energy. The above formula (1) can be used to calculate the root mean square energy of the background noise of each grid as the background noise energy of each grid.

[0087] Energy interference region and non-interference region refer to Figure 4 As shown, in Figure 4 The energy outside the interference region is the non-interference region of the single shot. Within the interference region, the energy of a single shot is relatively strong. If the next shot is fired within the strong energy region of the single shot, energy interference will inevitably occur, affecting the quality of the seismic data and failing to achieve saturation excitation, which is not conducive to efficient seismic data acquisition. Therefore, saturation excitation of the next shot must be carried out within the energy non-interference region of the previous shot.

[0088] Step S104: Based on the determined time-space TD inflection points of the interference region and the non-interference region and the recording range of the next shot, a TD curve of the well shot saturation excitation is determined.

[0089] Preferably, the TD inflection point is located at the energy point on the boundary between the interference region and the non-interference region, see Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the point on the curve in the scatter plot is the TD inflection point. Based on the determination of the TD inflection point, the TD interference curve is determined, and the TD inflection points are connected. The curve formed by the TD inflection points is called the interference curve. The interference curve represents the trend of energy change. The interference curve is also Figure 3 、 Figure 4 The curve in .

[0090] Preferably, the TD interference curve is optimized and adjusted based on the recording range of the next shot to obtain the TD curve of the well shot saturation excitation, and the recording range of the next shot refers to the preset offset range of the next shot.

[0091] This example takes a 3D project in a loess mountain area in the Ordos Basin as an example to design the TD curve of the work area. The specific design process is as follows:

[0092] The background noise of the loess mountain is recorded in advance by seismic instruments and the background noise threshold is determined to be at the energy level of 0.00002; the background noise threshold is the average value of the background noise energy of all grids before the first arrival.

[0093] A time-space energy decay experiment was conducted in the work area. Well shot excitation was used, and the geophone received seismic records. The received shot offset was 20 km long, and the seismic instrument recorded for 30 seconds. A single shot seismic record of 20 km x 30 seconds was obtained for the work area.

[0094] The single shot seismic record is divided into 1km*1s grid units, and the seismic signal energy value of the grid unit is obtained to obtain the energy attenuation change data after the single shot excitation. The energy attenuation change trend is quantitatively expressed, and the energy change data of each grid is represented by a scatter plot. Figure 5 The seismic signal energy of each grid is compared with the predetermined background noise threshold, and the interference area where the seismic signal energy is greater than the background noise threshold and the non-interference area where the seismic signal energy is not greater than the background noise threshold in the energy attenuation change data are determined. The point at the boundary between the interference area and the non-interference area is determined as the TD inflection point, for example Figure 5 0km-18s, 3km-13s, 7km-6s and 9km-0s are all TD inflection points. The TD interferometer curve is determined according to the TD inflection points. The interferometer curve represents the trend of energy change. For the TD interferometer curve, see Figure 5 The curve in .

[0095] Based on the next shot recording range, the next shot recording range refers to the preset offset range of the next shot, and the TD interferometer curve is optimized and adjusted. In this embodiment, the preset offset recording range of the next shot is 4 km. Figure 5 The positions indicated by the arrows, 0km-18s, 7km-13s, 11km-6s, and 13km-0s are the adjusted TD inflection points. Based on these TD inflection points, the interference curve is optimized to obtain the TD curve of the well gun saturation excitation. The TD curve of the well gun saturation excitation is shown in Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 The horizontal axis represents the offset, and the vertical axis represents the recording time. Figure 5 The curve obtained by adjusting the TD inflection point is the TD curve of the well shot saturation excitation. The area formed by the TD curve and the coordinate axis is regarded as the single shot excitation area that does not conform to the set TD curve. Therefore, the saturation excitation of the next shot cannot be carried out in the single shot excitation area that does not conform to the set TD curve.

[0096] In this example, the present invention is applied to data from a loess mountainous work area to calculate the seismic signal energy value of the gridded data. The calculation results show that within the offset range of 0-3 km, the energy is strong and decays slowly. As the offset increases, the energy decays rapidly. In this case, it is suitable to trade space for time, compress the time interval between adjacent excitations within a controllable range, and improve acquisition efficiency.

[0097] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for designing the time-space relationship of saturation excitation of a well gun. The device can be set in a device capable of executing computer instructions. The structure of the device is as follows: Figure 7 Shown, including:

[0098] A data acquisition module 10 is configured to acquire single-shot seismic records of the work area based on seismic records collected within a preset offset range and a preset recording time range after a single shot is fired in the work area; the single-shot seismic records include seismic records of different offsets and different recording times;

[0099] The data processing module 11 is used to grid the single shot seismic record and determine the seismic signal energy of each grid to obtain energy attenuation change data after the single shot excitation;

[0100] The spatiotemporal relationship determination module 12 is configured to compare the seismic signal energy of each grid with a predetermined background noise threshold, determine interference regions in the energy attenuation change data where the seismic signal energy is greater than the background noise threshold, and non-interference regions where the seismic signal energy is not greater than the background noise threshold; and determine the TD curve of the well shot saturation excitation based on the determined time-space TD inflection points of the interference region and the non-interference region and the recording range of the next shot.

[0101] Regarding the device for designing the spatiotemporal relationship of saturated excitation of well guns in the above embodiment, the specific manner in which each module performs operations has been described in detail in the embodiment of the method and will not be elaborated on here.

[0102] The above-described method and apparatus of this embodiment are applicable to the design of TD curves for both synchronous and asynchronous well shots. By acquiring seismic records from a single shot in the work area, gridding the records, and determining the seismic signal energy for each grid, energy attenuation change data after the single shot is obtained. The seismic signal energy for each grid is then compared with a predetermined background noise threshold to determine energy interference and non-interference regions. Finally, based on the determined time-space TD inflection points of the interference and non-interference regions and the recording range of the next shot, the TD curve for saturated well shot excitation is determined. This method quantitatively estimates the energy attenuation of a single shot, thereby minimizing interference between adjacent shots. By trading space for time, the time interval between adjacent shots is compressed within a controllable range, achieving greater construction efficiency. This method provides excellent technical support for the era of 3D seismic node acquisition.

[0103] Example 2

[0104] The second embodiment of the present invention provides a method for implementing a time-space relationship design of synchronous well-gun excitation, the process of which is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0105] Step S201: Collect existing seismic data in the work area, pick up refracted waves from the existing seismic data, and determine the travel time of the refracted waves.

[0106] Preferably, refraction wave data is obtained on existing seismic data;

[0107] Based on the refracted wave data, the travel time of the refracted wave is determined according to the following formula:

[0108] (2)

[0109] in, is the offset, is the formation thickness, is the angle of incidence, is the underlying stratum velocity, is the overlying stratum velocity.

[0110] Step S202: Determine the minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference to the target layer based on the underlying stratum velocity and the maximum offset of adjacent shots included in the existing seismic data.

[0111] Preferably, the minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference to the target layer is determined according to the following formula:

[0112] (3)

[0113] in, is the minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference to the target layer, is the refracted wave travel time, is the underlying stratum velocity, is the maximum offset between adjacent guns.

[0114] Step S203: determining the synchronous excitation well-shot TD relationship curve according to the travel time of the refracted wave and the minimum spatial distance.

[0115] According to step S201 and step S202, a correct time-space relationship curve of synchronous well-gun excitation can be obtained, but the calculation accuracy of this method for asynchronous excitation is low, and this method is usually not used to design TD curves for asynchronous well-gun excitation.

[0116] Example 3

[0117] The third embodiment of the present invention provides a specific implementation process of a method for realizing saturation excitation of a well gun, including: based on a predetermined TD curve, selecting a spatial distance and a time interval between excitations of adjacent well guns, and performing a well gun excitation operation.

[0118] According to the determined TD curve of well-shot excitation, indoor simulation verification is carried out. Taking the three-dimensional project of a loess mountain in the Ordos Basin in Example 1 as an example, according to the determined TD curve of well-shot excitation in the loess mountain, dynamic simulation of the next shot excitation is carried out. The simulation results of the interference of adjacent shot excitations are shown as follows: Figure 10 、 Figure 11 、 Figure 12 As shown above Figure 10 、 Figure 11 、 Figure 12 The darker area is the strong energy area, which has a strong energy interference on the next shot. The lighter area is the weak energy interference area, where the energy is close to the background noise and has almost no energy interference on the next shot. Figure 10 The next shot is fired asynchronously when the offset is 7 km and the recording time is 13 seconds. The horizontal axis represents the offset and the vertical axis represents the recording time. Figure 10 It can be seen from the figure that when the next shot is excited at 7km-13s, when the energy of the next shot reaches the energy zone of the previous shot, the interference energy of the adjacent shot is no different from the background noise. It can be determined that it is reasonable to excite the next shot at 7km-13s. Figure 11 The next shot is fired asynchronously when the offset is 11 km and the recording time is 6 seconds. The horizontal axis represents the offset and the vertical axis represents the recording time. Figure 11 It can be seen from the figure that when the next shot is fired at 11km-6s, when the energy of the next shot reaches the energy zone of the previous shot, there is no difference between the interference energy of the adjacent shots and the background noise. It can be determined that the firing of the next shot at 11km-6s is reasonable. Figure 12For the synchronous excitation of adjacent well shots, the horizontal axis represents the shot offset and the vertical axis represents the recording time. When synchronously exciting, it is only necessary to determine the spatial range within which the two adjacent shots are excited so that no energy interference occurs, such as Figure 12 As shown, two shots are fired synchronously at 13 km-0 s. After the two adjacent shots are fired, their energy decays downward. When the energies of the two shots intersect, the energy at this time is not much different from the background noise. Therefore, the synchronous firing of the two adjacent shots at 13 km-0 s will not produce energy interference. Through these three indoor simulation verification experiments, it can be seen that in the main target layer, the interference energy of the adjacent shots is no different from the background noise. The temporal and spatial relationship design method of the well shot saturation excitation of the present invention is feasible, which can solve the drawbacks of the well shot excitation TD curve design in the existing technology and provide good technical support for the era of 3D seismic node acquisition.

[0119] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for realizing saturation excitation of a well gun. The device can be set in a device capable of executing computer instructions. The structure of the device is as follows: Figure 9 As shown:

[0120] The time-space relationship design device 21 of the well gun saturation excitation in the first embodiment;

[0121] The well-shot excitation implementation module 22 is used to select the spatial distance and time interval between adjacent well-shot excitations based on a predetermined TD curve and implement the well-shot excitation operation.

[0122] Regarding the device for realizing saturated excitation of well guns in the above embodiment, the specific manner in which each module performs operations has been described in detail in the embodiment of the method, and will not be elaborated on here.

[0123] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer storage medium storing computer executable instructions. When the computer executable instructions are executed by a processor, a method for designing the spatiotemporal relationship of well-gun saturation excitation and / or a method for implementing well-gun saturation excitation can be implemented.

[0124] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer device, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, a method for designing the spatiotemporal relationship of well-gun saturation excitation and / or a method for implementing well-gun saturation excitation is implemented.

[0125] Unless otherwise specifically stated, terms such as process, calculate, compute, determine, display, and the like may refer to the actions and / or processes of one or more processing or computing systems, or similar devices, that manipulate and convert data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within registers or memories of a processing system into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the memories, registers, or other such information storage, transmission, or display devices of the processing system. Information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, light fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0126] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed processes is an example of an exemplary method. Based on design preferences, it should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the process can be rearranged without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in an exemplary order and are not intended to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy described.

[0127] In the foregoing detailed description, various features are grouped together in a single embodiment to simplify the disclosure. This method of disclosure should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that embodiments of the claimed subject matter require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. On the contrary, as reflected in the appended claims, the invention comprises less than all the features of any individual disclosed embodiment. The appended claims are therefore hereby expressly incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0128] Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithmic steps described in conjunction with the embodiments herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination thereof. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability between hardware and software, the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps described above are generally described around their functions. Whether such functions are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the entire system. A skilled person may implement the described functions in an adaptable manner for each specific application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as departing from the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0129] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the embodiments herein may be directly embodied as hardware, software modules executed by a processor, or a combination thereof. The software module may be located in a RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, register, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium well known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is connected to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium may also be an integral part of the processor. The processor and storage medium may be located in an ASIC. The ASIC may be located in a user terminal. Of course, the processor and storage medium may also be present in a user terminal as discrete components.

[0130] For software implementation, the techniques described in this application can be implemented using modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described in this application. These software codes can be stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor. The memory unit can be implemented within the processor or external to the processor. In the latter case, it is communicatively coupled to the processor via various means, which are well known in the art.

[0131] The foregoing description includes examples of one or more embodiments. Of course, it is not possible to describe all possible combinations of components or methods for the purposes of describing the above embodiments, but one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the various embodiments may be further combined and arranged. Therefore, the embodiments described herein are intended to encompass all such changes, modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent the term "comprising" is used in the specification or claims, the term is intended to be encompassed in a manner similar to the term "including," as explained in terms of "including," used as a transitional word in the claims. Furthermore, any use of the term "or" in the specification of the claims is intended to mean a "non-exclusive or."

Claims

1. A method for designing the time-space relationship of well-gun saturation excitation, characterized in that: include: Based on the seismic records collected within the preset offset range and the preset recording time range after the single shot is fired in the work area, the single shot seismic records of the work area are obtained; Single-shot seismic records include seismic records with different offsets and different recording durations; The single shot seismic record is gridded, and the seismic signal energy of each grid is determined to obtain the energy attenuation change data after the single shot excitation, specifically comprising: dividing the single shot seismic record into multiple grids, the size of the grid is , n represents the offset, and m represents the time; the seismic signal energy of each grid is determined by the following formula: ,in is the total number of sample points in a seismic trace, is the energy value corresponding to the i-th sample point, is the seismic signal energy of each grid; based on the seismic signal energy of each grid, energy attenuation change data after single shot excitation is obtained, and the energy attenuation change data is represented by a scatter plot; Comparing the seismic signal energy of each grid with a predetermined background noise threshold, determining an interference region in the energy attenuation change data where the seismic signal energy is greater than the background noise threshold and a non-interference region where the seismic signal energy is not greater than the background noise threshold; Determining a TD curve of saturation excitation of a well shot based on the determined time-space TD inflection points of the interference region and the non-interference region and a recording range of a next shot; The background noise threshold is the average value of the background noise energy of all grids before the first arrival.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The work areas are divided according to the geological and surface conditions, and time-space domain energy attenuation tests are carried out for each work area.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein The process of determining the background noise threshold includes: Detect background noise signals in the work area before the initial arrival; Dividing the background noise signal into grids to determine the background noise energy of each grid; The average background noise energy of the work area is obtained according to the background noise energy of each grid, which is used as the background noise threshold.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein Determining the TD curve of the well shot saturation excitation based on the determined time-distance TD inflection points of the interference area and the non-interference area and the recording range of the next shot includes: Based on the determined TD inflection points of the interference region and the non-interference region; Determining a TD interference curve according to the TD inflection point; Based on the next shot recording range, the TD interference curve is optimized and adjusted to obtain a TD curve of saturated excitation of the well shot, where the next shot recording range refers to a preset offset range of the next shot.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein In the case of synchronous excitation, it also includes: Collect existing seismic data in the work area, pick up refracted waves on the existing seismic data, and determine the travel time of the refracted waves; Determining the minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference with the target layer based on the underlying stratum velocity and the maximum offset of adjacent shots included in the existing seismic data; The TD relationship curve of the synchronous excitation well-shot is determined according to the travel time of the refracted wave and the minimum spatial distance.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein The picking up of refracted waves from existing seismic data and determining the travel time of the refracted waves includes: Obtain refraction wave data on existing seismic data; Based on the refracted wave data, the travel time of the refracted wave is determined according to the following formula: ,in, is the offset, is the formation thickness, is the angle of incidence, is the underlying stratum velocity, is the overlying stratum velocity.

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein Determining the minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference with the target layer based on the underlying stratum velocity and the maximum offset of adjacent shots included in the existing seismic data includes: The minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference to the target layer is determined according to the following formula: ,in is the minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference to the target layer, is the refracted wave travel time, is the underlying stratum velocity, is the maximum offset between adjacent guns.

8. A method for realizing saturation excitation of a well gun, characterized in that: include: Based on the pre-determined TD curve, the spatial distance and time interval between adjacent well-shot firings are selected and the well-shot firing operation is performed; The TD curve is obtained by using the time-space relationship design method of well-gun saturation excitation according to any one of claims 1-7.

9. A device for designing the time-space relationship of saturation excitation of a well gun, characterized in that: include: A data acquisition module is used to acquire single-shot seismic records of the work area based on seismic records collected within a preset offset range and a preset recording time range after a single shot is fired in the work area; the single-shot seismic records include seismic records of different offsets and different recording times; The data processing module is used to grid the single shot seismic record and determine the seismic signal energy of each grid to obtain the energy attenuation change data after the single shot excitation, specifically including: dividing the single shot seismic record into multiple grids with a grid size of , n represents the offset, and m represents the time; the seismic signal energy of each grid is determined by the following formula: ,in is the total number of sample points in a seismic trace, is the energy value corresponding to the i-th sample point, is the seismic signal energy of each grid; based on the seismic signal energy of each grid, energy attenuation change data after single shot excitation is obtained, and the energy attenuation change data is represented by a scatter plot; The spatiotemporal relationship determination module is used to compare the seismic signal energy of each grid with a predetermined background noise threshold, determine the interference area in the energy attenuation change data where the seismic signal energy is greater than the background noise threshold, and the non-interference area in which the seismic signal energy is not greater than the background noise threshold; based on the determined time-space TD inflection points of the interference area and the non-interference area and the recording range of the next shot, determine the TD curve of the well shot saturation excitation.

10. A device for realizing saturation excitation of a well gun, characterized in that: include: The device for designing the time-space relationship of the well gun saturation excitation according to claim 9; The well-shot excitation implementation module is used to select the spatial distance and time interval of adjacent well-shot excitations based on a predetermined TD curve and implement the well-shot excitation operation.

11. A computer storage medium, characterized in that The computer storage medium stores computer executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the spatiotemporal relationship design method for well-gun saturation excitation according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and / or implement the well-gun saturation excitation implementation method according to claim 8.

12. A computer device, characterized in that: include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the method for designing the spatiotemporal relationship of saturated well gun excitation according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and / or the method for realizing saturated well gun excitation according to claim 8 are implemented.

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