Method for constructing planting and breeding dual-purpose farmland based on high-water-level coal mining subsidence land

Abstract

The invention provides a planting and breeding dual-purpose farmland construction method based on a high-water-level coal mining subsidence land, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, dividing the high-water-level coal mining subsidence land into a transformation area and a perennial ponding area, the transformation area comprising a non-ponding area and a seasonal ponding area; s2, a first functional area is arranged in the transformation area, and a ground inclination angle adjusting layer, a capillary water blocking layer and a surface soil layer are arranged on the first functional area in a covering mode; s3, a second functional area is arranged on the downhill position of the surface of the first functional area, and the second functional area is used for controlling the phreatic water level corresponding to the first functional area; s4, in the transformation area, a communication water channel is formed in the ground inclination direction, and the communication water channel points to the perennial ponding area and is in communication connection with the perennial ponding area; and S5, a diving wide well is formed in the first functional area and used for drawing diving water. According to the method, the use mode of the subsidence land can be flexibly adjusted, double benefits of cultivation and planting are generated, the method has the advantage of being low in cost, and economic and ecological benefits can be remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining subsidence land reconstruction, and in particular to a method for constructing dual-purpose farmland for planting and breeding based on high-water level coal mining subsidence land. Background Art

[0002] The groundwater level in East my country is high. After underground mining subsidence, seasonal or permanent waterlogging areas are usually formed, resulting in reduced or no production of farmland and reduced farmers' income. In order to improve the ecological environment and protect the rights and interests of farmers, ecological restoration is urgently needed. There are two main ecological restoration technologies for farmland subsided by coal mining with high groundwater level. One is to transform the farmland subsided by coal mining with high groundwater level into water areas through deep digging and shallow padding technology, which is used to develop industries such as photovoltaics, breeding, and wetland tourism; the other is to use gangue, building materials, imported soil, and fly ash to implement filling and reclamation, and restore the farmland in the subsided area of ​​high groundwater level coal mining, and still use it for agricultural planting.

[0003] However, the existing ecological restoration methods for coal mining subsidence areas also have the following defects or shortcomings:

[0004] When filling reclamation technology is used, the filling materials are small and the cost is high. Compared with the farmland before mining subsidence, the production capacity of the farmland after filling reclamation cannot be significantly improved, and may even decrease, resulting in large investment in filling reclamation, low benefits, and insufficient motivation for ecological restoration;

[0005] When using the deep-dig-and-shallow-fill technology to transform subsided land into water areas, although the benefits can be improved by introducing industries such as photovoltaics, breeding, and tourism, the land use nature of the original farmland after subsidence and water accumulation is still arable land, or even permanent basic farmland. According to the country's strict policy on the quantity and quality of arable land protection, it is difficult to change the use of these subsided and waterlogged farmlands, so it is impossible to implement the deep-dig-and-shallow-fill water area transformation project. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a method for constructing a dual-purpose farmland for planting and breeding based on high-water level coal mining subsidence land, which is used to repair the high-water level coal mining subsidence area and improve its economic and ecological benefits. The specific technical scheme is as follows:

[0007] A method for constructing dual-purpose farmland for planting and breeding based on high-water level coal mining subsidence land, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1, dividing the high groundwater level coal mining subsidence area into a transformation area and a perennial waterlogging area, wherein the transformation area includes a non-waterlogging area and a seasonal waterlogging area;

[0009] S2, setting a first functional area in the transformation area, and covering the first functional area with a ground inclination adjustment layer, a capillary water blocking layer, and a topsoil layer;

[0010] S3, setting a second functional area at a downhill position on the surface of the first functional area, wherein the second functional area is used to control the phreatic level corresponding to the first functional area;

[0011] S4, in the transformation area, opening a communication waterway along the ground inclination direction, the communication waterway pointing to the perennial waterlogging area and communicating with the perennial waterlogging area;

[0012] Furthermore, the ground inclination adjustment layer adjusts the ground inclination of the first functional area to 1-3°, tending to point toward the perennial water accumulation area; the capillary water blocking layer filler is set to chopped straw, and its height is set to 15cm-25cm.

[0013] Furthermore, the ground elevation of the first functional area is set to be greater than the sum of the ground level elevation of the collapsed area and the soil capillary rise height, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0014] h=[h0+w×(tanα-tanβ)]

[0015] and,

[0016] h≥(h e +h s )

[0017] Where, h is the elevation of the first functional area; h0 is the elevation of the subsidence ground; w is the width of the first functional area; α is the inclination angle of the subsidence ground; β is the inclination angle of the first functional area; h e h is the elevation of the groundwater level in the collapsed area; s It is the soil capillary rise height.

[0018] Furthermore, the first functional area is set to be a rectangle, and its short side is perpendicular to the terrain contour line of the transformation area.

[0019] Furthermore, a ridge is arranged at the edge of the first functional area, and the ridge surrounds the first functional area.

[0020] Furthermore, the second functional zone is opened in a U-shaped ditch on the inner side of the ridge along the edge of the first functional zone, and the width of the second functional zone is set to 3m-5m, with an inclination of 3-5° to the vertical plane, and the inclination is directed toward the perennial waterlogging area.

[0021] Furthermore, the communication waterway is opened outside the ridge of the first functional area and is connected to the first functional area through a buried pipeline; the width of the communication waterway is set to 3m-5m, and the bottom elevation is lower than the annual water level of the collapsed area.

[0022] Furthermore, if the water level of the collapsed area is less than the difference between the ground level of the renovated area and the soil capillary rise height, the renovated area can be used as a crop planting field;

[0023] When the remodeled area is used as a breeding farm, it can be used for waterfowl / aquaculture; the first functional area is used as a playground for breeding animals, the second functional area is used as a pool after storing water and used for breeding aquatic products, and the submersible wide well is used to provide drinking water;

[0024] When the transformed area is used as a crop planting field, it can be used to plant crops; the first functional area is used as a planting field, the second functional area is used as a water level controller and aquatic products are raised, and the submerged wide well is used for irrigation.

[0025] Furthermore, the area of ​​the second functional area is ≤10% of the total area of ​​the first functional area.

[0026] Furthermore, the submersible wide well is arranged at an uphill position of the first functional area, its diameter is set to 3m-8m, and its depth is set to 5m-10m.

[0027] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The first functional zone and the second functional zone are set up in the coal mining subsidence area. The water level of the non-perennial waterlogging area of ​​the subsidence area is controlled by the second functional zone. At the same time, a capillary water blocking layer is set up in the first functional zone, which can effectively block the rise of capillary water in the high-salt soil of the subsidence area, improve the desalination rate of the topsoil layer, prevent salinization of farmland, and avoid the restriction of soil salinization on agricultural production in high-water level subsidence areas.

[0029] 2. Taking advantage of the high groundwater level of coal mining subsidence areas, wide groundwater wells are dug to extract groundwater. After the groundwater is filtered through the natural soil layer, the water quality is better than that of the open water surface in the subsidence area, and can be used for drinking water for animals, water for raising seedlings of crops, etc. The opened communication waterways ensure the surface hydraulic connection between the reconstruction area and the perennial water accumulation area of ​​the subsidence area, avoiding long-distance pumping and saving pumping costs.

[0030] 3. According to the characteristics of the coal mining subsidence area with a slope of 3-8°, the second functional area retains a 3-5° inclination during the renovation area preparation, forming a combination of deep and shallow terrain at the bottom, which is conducive to the breeding of different types of fish and shrimp; the first functional area retains a 1-3° inclination, which is conducive to planting irrigation or animal manure flushing.

[0031] 4. By implementing the method of the present invention, the non-waterlogging area and seasonal waterlogging area of ​​the subsidence land are transformed, and the area ratio of the ground and water surface of the first functional area meets the national requirements. The first functional area after transformation can be identified as arable land. Compared with the traditional deep digging and shallow padding technology to transform the subsidence land into water area, the method of the present invention can ensure that the nature of land use remains unchanged and meet the requirements for reclamation of arable land in mining areas.

[0032] 5. By implementing the method of the present invention, the use of subsided land can be flexibly adjusted to produce dual benefits of breeding and planting. Compared with traditional filling-type farmland reclamation technology, the method recorded in the present invention can avoid large-scale deep digging and shallow filling, has the advantage of low cost, and can significantly improve economic and ecological benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 : A top view schematic diagram of the farmland for dual-purpose cultivation and breeding after transformation based on high groundwater level coal mining subsidence in the embodiment;

[0034] Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of the cross-section after the transformation of dual-purpose farmland for farming and breeding based on high groundwater level coal mining subsidence in the embodiment.

[0035] Explanation of symbols

[0036] 1-the first functional area, 2-the second functional area, 3-the field ridge, 4-the communicating waterway, 5-the diving wide well. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] It should be noted that:

[0038] 1. Certain words are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art should understand that technicians may use different terms to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not use the difference in terms as a way to distinguish components, but use the difference in the functions of the components as the criterion for distinction.

[0039] 2. Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present disclosure should have the common meanings understood by persons having ordinary skills in the field to which the present disclosure belongs.

[0040] As attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment records a method for constructing dual-purpose farmland for farming and breeding based on high-water level coal mining subsidence land, including the following steps.

[0041] S1, dividing the high groundwater level coal mining subsidence area into a transformation area and a perennial water accumulation area, and obtaining geological parameters of the transformation area.

[0042] in:

[0043] ① The transformation area includes non-waterlogging areas and seasonal waterlogging areas;

[0044] ② The geological parameters of the transformation area include but are not limited to the inclination angle of the collapsed land α, the elevation of the collapsed land h0, the elevation of the groundwater level h e .

[0045] S2, setting a plurality of first functional areas 1 in the transformation area, and setting ridges 3 along the edges of the first functional areas 1, wherein the ridges 3 surround the first functional areas 1.

[0046] By surrounding the first functional area 1 with the ridge 3, each first functional area 1 can be set as a separate transformation area to achieve its respective different uses.

[0047] This embodiment does not limit the geometric shape of the first functional area 1. In actual operation, it should be set accordingly according to the on-site working conditions. However, under the premise of operability, it is preferred that the first functional area 1 is set to a rectangle, and the short side of the first functional area 1 is set perpendicular to the terrain contour line of the transformation area.

[0048] The first functional area 1 is set to be a rectangle, and the short side of the first functional area 1 is perpendicular to the terrain contour of the transformation area, so that farmland transformation can be implemented within a smaller slope of the collapsed land and the amount of earthwork can be reduced.

[0049] This embodiment does not limit the arrangement of the plurality of first functional areas 1, but preferably arranges them in sequence, for example, Figure 1 In the arrangement shown, adjacent first functional areas 1 can share part of the ridge 3, which is convenient for production operations and maintenance.

[0050] At the same time, the present embodiment does not limit the specific size of the ridge, and the width, height, slope and other dimensions of the ridge 3 can be set according to actual production operation requirements.

[0051] S3, a ground inclination adjustment layer, a capillary water blocking layer and a topsoil layer are sequentially covered on the first functional area 1 to adjust and optimize the first functional area 1.

[0052] in:

[0053] ① The ground inclination adjustment layer is preferably filled with soil to adjust the ground inclination of the first functional area 1 to 1-3°, with the inclination pointing to the perennial waterlogging area of ​​the collapsed land;

[0054] ② The capillary water blocking layer is preferably filled with chopped straw, and the height of the capillary water blocking layer is set to 15cm-25cm to obtain a better soil capillary water blocking effect;

[0055] ③ The topsoil layer is preferably filled with imported soil or original soil from the collapsed area;

[0056] ④ In order to prevent groundwater from eroding the soil upwards and prevent salinization of the first functional area 1, the ground elevation of the first functional area 1 is set to be greater than the sum of the groundwater level elevation and the soil capillary rise height. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0057] h=[h0+w×(tanα-tanβ)]

[0058] and,

[0059] h≥(h e +h s )

[0060] In the formula,

[0061] h is the elevation of the first functional area;

[0062] h0 is the elevation of the collapsed site;

[0063] w is the width of the first functional area;

[0064] α is the inclination angle of the collapsed ground;

[0065] β is the inclination angle of the first functional area;

[0066] h e The elevation of the phreatic level of the collapsed area;

[0067] h s It is the soil capillary rise height.

[0068] The adjusted and optimized first functional area 1 can be used as farmland for growing crops, or as a breeding ground for raising poultry or livestock.

[0069] S4, below the surface of the first functional area 1 along the ground inclination, excavate and set up the second functional area 2 on the inner side of the ridge 3. The second functional area 2 is used to store water and control the water level corresponding to the first functional area 1, which can play a drainage role, reduce the groundwater level of the first functional area, and avoid soil salinization in the first functional area 1 caused by groundwater; it can also store water for aquatic products / waterfowl breeding. The soil excavated from the second functional area 2 can be used as the topsoil filling soil of the first functional area 1.

[0070] As preferred:

[0071] ① The second functional area 2 is opened in a U shape along two long sides and one wide side of the first functional area 1, that is, the second functional area 2 is set as a U-shaped ditch; the U-shaped ditch is set at the downhill position of the first functional area 1, which can effectively collect or gather surface water in the first functional area 1;

[0072] ② The width of the second functional area 2 is set to 3m-5m, with an inclination of 3-5° to the vertical plane, and the inclination is directed to the perennial water accumulation area of ​​the collapsed land; the second functional area 2 is set at an inclination of 3-5° to form a combination of deep and shallow terrain at the bottom, which is conducive to the cultivation of different types of fish and shrimp;

[0073] ③ In order to meet the national requirements for preventing arable land from being used for non-grain purposes, the area of ​​the second functional zone 2 shall be ≤ 10% of the total area of ​​the first functional zone 1.

[0074] S5, in the reconstruction area, a plurality of communication water channels 4 are opened along the ground inclination direction, the communication water channels 4 point to the perennial water accumulation area of ​​the collapsed land, and are communicated and connected with the perennial water accumulation area of ​​the collapsed land.

[0075] As preferred:

[0076] ① The communication waterway 4 is opened outside the field ridge 3 of the first functional area 1, and is connected with the first functional area 1 through a buried pipeline;

[0077] ② The width of the communication waterway 4 is preferably set to 3m-5m, and the bottom elevation is lower than the perennial water level of the collapsed land, so as to ensure that the communication waterway can supply water all year round.

[0078] The communication waterway 4 is used to draw water from the perennial waterlogging area of ​​the collapsed land, and to ensure the water supply or drainage of the first functional area 1 through buried pipelines.

[0079] S6, a wide submersible well 5 is opened in the first functional area 1, and the wide submersible well 5 is arranged above the ground inclination of the first functional area 1, and is used to draw submersible water from the transformation area.

[0080] Preferably, the diameter of the submersible wide well 5 is set to 3m-8m, and the depth is set to 5m-10m.

[0081] After the high groundwater level coal mining subsidence area is transformed through the above steps, the utilization mode of the transformation area can be adjusted according to the national or regional management policies and the groundwater level conditions of the subsidence area, so as to achieve the dual-use management of planting and breeding in the transformation area, specifically:

[0082] 1. If the land nature of the transformation area is farmland, and the management policy prohibits the non-grain use of farmland, and the groundwater level elevation of the collapsed area is less than the difference between the ground elevation of the transformation area and the capillary rise height of the soil, the transformation area can be used as a grain planting field. In other cases, it can be used as a breeding farm.

[0083] 2. When the renovated area is used as a breeding farm, waterfowl or amphibians such as geese, ducks, and frogs can be raised. The first functional area 1 is used as a playground for breeding animals, the second functional area 2 is used as a water pond for breeding animals and for raising fish and shrimps, and the submersible wide well 5 is used to provide drinking water for breeding animals.

[0084] 3. When the renovated area is used as a grain plantation, wheat, corn, rice and other grain crops can be planted. The first functional area 1 is used as a plantation, the second functional area 2 is used as a water level controller and fish and shrimp are raised, and the submersible wide well 5 is used to ensure irrigation of the plantation.

[0085] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A method for constructing dual-purpose farmland for planting and breeding based on high-water level coal mining subsidence land, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1, dividing the high groundwater level coal mining subsidence area into a transformation area and a perennial waterlogging area, wherein the transformation area includes a non-waterlogging area and a seasonal waterlogging area; S2, setting a first functional area in the transformation area, and covering the first functional area with a ground inclination adjustment layer, a capillary water blocking layer, and a topsoil layer; S3, setting a second functional area at a downhill position on the surface of the first functional area, wherein the second functional area is used to control the phreatic level corresponding to the first functional area; S4, in the transformation area, opening a communication waterway along the ground inclination direction, the communication waterway pointing to the perennial waterlogging area and communicating with the perennial waterlogging area; S5, opening a diving well in the first functional area for extracting diving water.

2. A method for constructing dual-purpose farmland for planting and breeding based on high-water level coal mining subsidence land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground inclination adjustment layer adjusts the ground inclination of the first functional area to 1-3°, with the inclination pointing toward the perennial water accumulation area; the capillary water blocking layer filler is set to chopped straw, and its height is set to 15cm-25cm.

3. A method for constructing dual-purpose farmland for planting and breeding based on high-water level coal mining subsidence land according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ground elevation of the first functional area is set to be greater than the sum of the ground level elevation of the collapsed area and the soil capillary rise height. The calculation formula is as follows: h=[h0+w×(tanα-tanβ)] and, h≥(h e +h s ) Where, h is the elevation of the first functional area; h0 is the elevation of the subsidence ground; w is the width of the first functional area; α is the inclination angle of the subsidence ground; β is the inclination angle of the first functional area; h e h is the elevation of the groundwater level in the collapsed area; s It is the soil capillary rise height.

4. The method for constructing a dual-purpose farmland for planting and breeding based on a high-water level coal mining subsidence area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first functional area is configured as a rectangle, the short side of which is perpendicular to the topographic contour of the transformation area.

5. A method for constructing dual-purpose farmland for planting and breeding based on high-water level coal mining subsidence land according to any one of claim 1, characterized in that: A ridge is arranged at the edge of the first functional area, and the ridge surrounds the first functional area.

6. A method for constructing dual-purpose farmland for planting and breeding based on high-water level coal mining subsidence land according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second functional area is opened in a U-shaped ditch on the inner side of the ridge along the edge of the first functional area. The width of the second functional area is set to 3m-5m, with an inclination of 3-5° to the vertical plane, and the inclination points to the perennial waterlogging area.

7. The method for constructing dual-purpose farmland for planting and breeding based on high-water level coal mining subsidence land according to claim 5, characterized in that: The communication waterway is opened outside the ridge of the first functional area and is connected to the first functional area through a buried pipeline; the width of the communication waterway is set to 3m-5m, and the bottom elevation is lower than the annual water level of the collapsed area.

8. A method for constructing dual-purpose farmland for planting and breeding based on high-water level coal mining subsidence land according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: If the water level of the collapsed area is less than the difference between the ground level of the renovated area and the soil capillary rise height, the renovated area can be used as a crop planting field; When the remodeled area is used as a breeding farm, it can be used for animal / aquaculture: the first functional area is used as a playground for animals, the second functional area can store water and be used as a pool and / or for aquaculture, and the submerged wide well is used to provide drinking water for animals; When the transformed area is used as a crop planting field, it can be used to plant crops: the first functional area is used as a planting field, the second functional area is used as a water level controller and / or for aquaculture, and the submerged wide well is used for irrigation.

9. A method for constructing dual-purpose farmland for planting and breeding based on high-water level coal mining subsidence land according to claim 8, characterized in that: The area of ​​the second functional area is ≤10% of the total area of ​​the first functional area.

10. The method for constructing dual-purpose farmland for planting and breeding based on high-water level coal mining subsidence land according to claim 8, characterized in that: The submersible wide well is arranged at the upslope position of the first functional area, with a diameter of 3m-8m and a depth of 5m-10m.

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