Method for verifying the quality of formation of a wind field for a flight additive manufacturing device

Abstract

The application provides a method for verifying the quality of a wind field formed by a flying additive manufacturing device, and the method comprises the following steps: designing a wind field verification feature assembly; the wind field verification feature assembly comprises a wind shield and two groups of test pieces, and the two groups of test pieces are located on the upwind side and the downwind side of the wind shield respectively; each group of test pieces comprises a metallographic test block and a tensile test bar; fixing a gantry, and performing fixed wind field laser forming quality verification in a fixed wind field; and normally moving the gantry, and performing moving wind field laser forming quality verification in a moving wind field. The technical scheme of the application can solve the technical problem that the quality verification of the flying additive manufacturing device in a following wind field cannot be realized in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser selective melting additive manufacturing technology, and in particular to a method for verifying the forming quality of a servo wind field in a flight additive manufacturing device. Background Technology

[0002] Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology enables the rapid manufacturing of complex structural products by stacking metal powder layer by layer into a three-dimensional solid. It liberates structural process design and breaks through the technical barriers of traditional manufacturing technology in terms of material diversity, dimensional flexibility, and structural complexity. It has received high attention from the global advanced manufacturing field and is widely used in aerospace, shipbuilding, automotive and other fields.

[0003] As various industries increasingly demand larger sizes for complex structural products, the forming chamber sizes of SLM (Surface Mount Laser) equipment, both domestically and internationally, are also growing. However, traditional large-size SLM equipment, with its fixed galvanometer structure, faces challenges such as poor airflow uniformity and numerous laser overlap areas when the forming chamber size is further increased, making it difficult to achieve high-quality laser forming of ultra-large parts. Therefore, "flying printing equipment," which allows the galvanometer system to move within the forming chamber, has become one of the main solutions for high-quality forming of ultra-large SLM components.

[0004] Flying additive manufacturing equipment integrates numerous scanning galvanometers onto a movable gantry, forming a flying optical module that moves sequentially across the forming area, achieving "printing while moving." The airflow (exhaust and intake ports) is also integrated onto the movable gantry, forming a "follow-up airflow field." Since this type of follow-up airflow field only covers 1-2 rows of galvanometers, it avoids the impact of increasing the forming chamber area on the airflow field, significantly improving airflow quality. However, due to its special structure and operating method, the inherent characteristics of the follow-up airflow field may also introduce new problems for laser forming quality control: for example, because black residue is easily incompletely sucked in or slightly obstructed at the intake port during the printing process, black residue or large powder particles may accumulate near the intake port. For traditional SLM equipment, the intake port is generally located outside the forming area and does not affect the printed product; however, for flying printing equipment, the intake port moves across the entire forming area with the movable gantry, which can easily lead to an increase in the proportion of large powder particles and black residue in the powder bed, affecting the actual production laser forming quality. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically verify the laser forming quality of the servo wind field to ensure the reliability and production stability of the flying printing equipment in actual production.

[0005] As a novel type of structural additive manufacturing equipment, the forming quality of flight additive manufacturing equipment under servo wind fields has not been fully verified, and there is currently no systematic verification scheme for servo wind field quality. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] This invention provides a method for verifying the forming quality of a flight additive manufacturing device using a servo wind field, the method comprising:

[0008] Design of wind field verification feature components: Each wind field verification feature component includes a windbreak and two sets of specimens, with the two sets of specimens located on the windward and leeward sides of the windbreak, respectively; each set of specimens includes a metallographic block and a tensile test bar;

[0009] A fixed gantry was used to verify the quality of laser forming in a fixed wind field.

[0010] The gantry moves normally, and the quality verification of laser forming in the moving wind field is carried out.

[0011] This invention provides a method for verifying the forming quality of flight additive manufacturing equipment under servo wind fields. This verification method features specially designed verification components for wind field verification, including a wind deflector and two sets of test pieces. Laser forming quality verification is performed in both fixed and moving wind fields. The wind deflector simulates factors that may be introduced into the servo wind field, such as large particles of powder and black slag, which could affect laser forming quality, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of wind field laser forming quality verification. Compared with existing technologies, this invention solves the technical problem that existing technologies cannot achieve quality verification of flight additive manufacturing equipment under servo wind fields. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the textual description, explain the principles of the invention. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0013] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a windbreak provided according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0014] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates a layer-by-layer scanning schematic of a metallographic specimen provided according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the quality verification of laser forming in a fixed wind field according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0016] Figure 4A schematic diagram of a mobile wind field laser forming quality verification method according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0017] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0019] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0020] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a method for verifying the forming quality of a flight additive manufacturing equipment using a servo wind field is provided according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. The verification method includes:

[0021] S1, Design of wind field verification feature components: Each wind field verification feature component includes a windbreak and two sets of specimens, with the two sets of specimens located on the windward and leeward sides of the windbreak, respectively; Each set of specimens includes a metallographic block and a tensile test bar;

[0022] S2, Fixed gantry, in a fixed wind field, to verify the quality of laser forming in a fixed wind field;

[0023] S3, the gantry moves normally, and the quality verification of laser forming in the moving wind field is carried out.

[0024] This configuration provides a method for verifying the forming quality of laser forming equipment in a servo-driven wind field. This method features a specially designed verification component for wind field verification, including a wind deflector and two sets of test specimens. Laser forming quality verification is performed in both fixed and moving wind fields. The wind deflector simulates factors that may be introduced into the servo-driven wind field, such as large particles of powder and black slag, which could affect laser forming quality, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of wind field laser forming quality verification.

[0025] Furthermore, in this invention, wind field verification feature components are designed first: each wind field verification feature component includes a windbreak plate and two sets of test specimens, the two sets of test specimens being located on the windward side and the leeward side of the windbreak plate, respectively; each set of test specimens includes a metallographic test block and a tensile test bar.

[0026] Large particles of powder and black slag can cause defects such as incomplete fusion in components during laser forming, affecting the quality of laser forming and, in severe cases, even leading to deterioration of mechanical properties or printing cracks. To amplify the impact of wind field quality on forming quality, this invention features a specially designed wind field verification component, incorporating a wind deflector. The formation of the wind deflector generates large particles of powder and black smoke, simulating the particles and black slag that might be inhaled by the wind field during actual flight printing. Simultaneously, a set of specimens is placed on both the upwind and downwind sides of the wind deflector for wind field quality comparison. The specimens on the upwind side of the wind deflector are less affected by the particles of powder and black smoke compared to the specimens on the downwind side.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the windbreak can be configured as a plate-shaped entity with an arc surface, the arc surface protruding towards the windward side.

[0028] As another specific embodiment of the present invention, the metallographic specimens in any group of test pieces may include continuously scanned metallographic specimens and interlayer scanned metallographic specimens. Continuously scanned metallographic specimens are used to verify the forming quality at different locations; such as... Figure 2 As shown, the interlayer scanning metallographic specimen is scanned every few layers, keeping the metallographic structure in a critically dense state, thus making the influence of large powder particles and black smoke during the forming process more pronounced. By setting up the interlayer scanning metallographic specimen, the influence of large powder particles and black smoke on the metallographic structure can be amplified.

[0029] As another specific embodiment of the present invention, the tensile test bar in any group of specimens includes a tensile horizontal bar and a tensile vertical bar. The tensile horizontal bar and the tensile vertical bar are used for static tensile testing in the deposited state to evaluate the mechanical property level at different locations.

[0030] Furthermore, in this invention, after completing the design of the wind field verification feature components, a gantry is fixed, and in a fixed wind field, the quality verification of laser forming in the fixed wind field is performed. Specifically, this includes the following steps:

[0031] S21, Fixed gantry: Based on the gantry structure and wind field, determine the number and arrangement of wind field verification feature components in the fixed wind field.

[0032] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, within the gantry size range, three sets of wind field verification feature components are arranged alternately along the wind direction of the wind field. The three sets of wind field verification feature components can be evenly arranged along the wind direction, such as... Figure 3 As shown, they are arranged near the air outlet, in the middle of the gantry, and near the air intake, respectively.

[0033] S22, set the process parameters, keep the gantry stationary, and use the flying additive manufacturing equipment to synchronously print each group of wind field verification feature components under different wind turbine power. For any wind field verification feature component, the printing start time of the wind deflector is earlier than the printing start time of the specimens on both sides of the wind deflector.

[0034] In this step, since the gantry remains stationary, multiple sets of wind field verification feature components can be printed simultaneously, saving printing time and improving verification efficiency. Simultaneously, the printing start time for the windbreak plate in any wind field verification feature component is set earlier than the printing start time for the specimens on both sides of the windbreak plate. This ensures that large particles of powder and black slag generated during the formation of the windbreak plate will not affect the quality of the specimens on the downwind side.

[0035] To further increase the amount of large-particle powder and black smoke generated during the printing of the wind deflector, the laser power in the wind deflector solid filling parameters can be set to 110%–115% of the preset laser power, the scanning speed to 75%–80% of the preset scanning speed, and the distance to the target area to 80%–90% of the preset distance to the target area. These settings increase the laser power by 10%–15%, decrease the scanning speed by 20%–25%, and decrease the distance to the target area by 10%–20%, which can further increase the amount of large-particle powder and black smoke generated during the wind deflector printing process, amplifying the impact of airflow quality on the molding quality.

[0036] By changing the fan power, the forming quality at different locations under different wind speeds can be verified. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the fan power can be adjusted to 40%, 60%, and 80%.

[0037] S23, preprocess the printed wind field verification feature components.

[0038] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, after printing is completed, the substrate is removed from the flying additive manufacturing equipment, and the surface metal powder is cleaned until there is no metal powder residue on the surface; wire cutting is used to separate each feature from the substrate.

[0039] S24. The metallographic structure of the metallographic specimen after S23 pretreatment was analyzed by sampling the longitudinal section. The tensile test bar after S23 pretreatment was tested for room temperature tensile mechanical properties. The metallographic quality and mechanical properties at different locations under different wind speeds were compared to verify the quality of laser forming in a fixed wind field.

[0040] Furthermore, in this invention, after completing the laser forming quality verification in a fixed wind field, the gantry moves normally, and the laser forming quality verification in a moving wind field is performed. Specifically, this includes the following steps:

[0041] S31. Based on the gantry's movement position and the wind field, determine the number and arrangement of wind field verification feature components in the moving wind field.

[0042] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, four sets of wind field verification feature components are arranged alternately along the blowing direction of the wind field within the forming chamber. The four sets of wind field verification feature components can be evenly arranged along the blowing direction, such as... Figure 4 As shown, they are arranged at the starting position of the gantry, 1 / 3 of the gantry's travel distance, 2 / 3 of the gantry's travel distance, and the ending position of the gantry, respectively.

[0043] S32, set process parameters, the gantry moves normally, and under different fan power, use the flying additive manufacturing equipment to print each group of wind field verification feature components in sequence along the gantry moving direction. For any wind field verification feature component, the printing start time of the wind baffle is earlier than the printing start time of the specimens on both sides of the wind baffle.

[0044] In this step, as the gantry moves within the forming chamber, multiple sets of wind field verification feature components need to be printed sequentially according to the direction of the gantry's movement, thereby verifying the quality of the moving wind field laser forming.

[0045] Similarly, to further increase the amount of large powder particles and black smoke generated during the printing process of the wind deflector, the laser power in the wind deflector solid filling parameters can be set to 110%–115% of the preset laser power, the scanning speed to 75%–80% of the preset scanning speed, and the spacing to 80%–90% of the preset spacing. This amplifies the influence of the airflow quality on the molding quality.

[0046] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the fan power can be adjusted to 40%, 60%, and 80% respectively.

[0047] S33, preprocess the printed wind field verification feature components.

[0048] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, after printing is completed, the substrate is removed from the flying additive manufacturing equipment, and the surface metal powder is cleaned until there is no metal powder residue on the surface; wire cutting is used to separate each feature from the substrate.

[0049] S34. The metallographic structure of the metallographic specimen after S33 pretreatment was analyzed by longitudinal section sampling. The tensile test bar after S33 pretreatment was tested for room temperature tensile mechanical properties. The metallographic quality and mechanical properties at different locations under different wind speeds were compared to verify the quality of laser forming of the moving wind field.

[0050] This invention addresses the structural characteristics of flight additive manufacturing equipment by providing a method for verifying the forming quality of flight additive manufacturing equipment using a servo wind field. This method artificially simulates factors that may be introduced by the servo wind field, such as large particles of powder and black slag, which may affect the laser forming quality. The method verifies the laser forming quality of the wind field in both fixed and moving wind fields, achieving high verification efficiency and meeting the accuracy requirements. This provides a guarantee for the reliability and production stability of the flight additive manufacturing equipment in actual production.

[0051] To gain a further understanding of the present invention, the following description is provided in conjunction with... Figures 1 to 4 The present invention provides a detailed description of the verification method for the forming quality of a servo wind field in an additive manufacturing device for flight.

[0052] In this embodiment, the method for verifying the forming quality of the servo wind field of the flight additive manufacturing equipment specifically includes the following steps.

[0053] S1, Design wind field verification feature components: Each wind field verification feature component includes a windbreak and two sets of specimens, with the two sets of specimens located on the upwind and downwind sides of the windbreak, respectively; each set of specimens includes a metallographic specimen block and a tensile test bar.

[0054] The wind deflector is a plate-shaped solid that is first formed by a slicing backend setting to generate large particles of powder and black smoke and other forming impurities.

[0055] Metallographic specimens in any set of test pieces may include continuously scanned metallographic specimens and interlayer scanned metallographic specimens. Continuously scanned metallographic specimens are set to 15×15×15mm and are used to verify the forming quality at different locations.

[0056] To amplify the influence of large powder particles and black smoke on the metallographic structure, a layer-separated scanning metallographic specimen was set up, such as... Figure 2 As shown. Depending on the grade of the metal powder used, scanning is performed every 2 to 3 layers to keep the metallographic structure in a critically dense state, thereby making the influence of large powder particles and black smoke during the forming process more obvious.

[0057] Tensile test bars in any set of specimens include horizontal and vertical tensile bars. Conventional horizontal / vertical static load tensile test bars are set up for static load tensile testing in the deposited state to evaluate the mechanical property level at different locations.

[0058] S2, Fixed gantry, in a fixed wind field, to verify the quality of laser forming in a fixed wind field:

[0059] S21, the mobile gantry is fixed via a backend control system, and settings are configured within the gantry area as follows: Figure 3 The three sets of wind field verification feature components are arranged evenly and alternately along the wind direction, and are respectively arranged near the air outlet, in the middle of the gantry, and near the air inlet.

[0060] S22, set the process parameters, keep the gantry stationary, and simultaneously print three sets of wind field verification feature components using the flying additive manufacturing equipment at 40%, 60%, and 80% of the fan power, respectively. For any wind field verification feature component, the printing start time of the wind deflector is earlier than the printing start time of the specimens on both sides of the wind deflector; and adjust the scanning sequence of each layer through the slicing backend. Observe the wind field quality during the laser forming process.

[0061] To further increase the amount of large powder particles and black smoke produced during printing, the laser power of the baffle solid filling parameters can be increased by 10% to 15%, the scanning speed reduced by 20% to 25%, and the spacing reduced by 10% to 20%.

[0062] S23, after printing 88 in S22, remove the substrate from the flying additive manufacturing equipment, clean the surface metal powder until there is no metal powder residue on the surface; use wire cutting to separate each feature from the substrate.

[0063] S24. The metallographic structure of the metallographic specimen after S23 pretreatment was analyzed by sampling the longitudinal section. The tensile test bar after S23 pretreatment was tested for room temperature tensile mechanical properties. The metallographic quality and mechanical properties at different locations under different wind speeds were compared to verify the quality of laser forming in a fixed wind field.

[0064] S3, the gantry moves normally, and the quality verification of laser forming in the moving wind field is carried out:

[0065] S31, in the forming chamber, along the blowing direction of the wind field, four sets of wind field verification feature components are arranged alternately at the starting position of the gantry, the 1 / 3 position of the gantry's moving stroke, the 2 / 3 position of the gantry's moving stroke, and the ending position of the gantry.

[0066] S32, set the process parameters, and with the gantry moving normally, use the flying additive manufacturing equipment to sequentially print four sets of wind field verification feature components along the gantry's movement direction at 40%, 60%, and 80% of the fan power, respectively. For any wind field verification feature component, the printing start time of the wind baffle is earlier than the printing start time of the specimens on both sides of the wind baffle; and adjust the scanning order of each layer through the slicing backend. Observe the wind field quality during the laser forming process.

[0067] To further increase the amount of large powder particles and black smoke produced during printing, the laser power of the baffle solid filling parameters can be increased by 10% to 15%, the scanning speed reduced by 20% to 25%, and the spacing reduced by 10% to 20%.

[0068] S33: After printing in S32, the substrate is removed from the in-flight additive manufacturing equipment, and the surface metal powder is cleaned until there is no metal powder residue on the surface; wire cutting is used to separate each feature from the substrate.

[0069] S34. The metallographic structure of the metallographic specimen after S33 pretreatment was analyzed by longitudinal section sampling. The tensile mechanical properties of the horizontal and vertical bars after S33 pretreatment were tested at room temperature. The metallographic quality and mechanical properties at different locations under different wind speeds were compared to verify the quality of laser forming of the moving wind field.

[0070] In summary, this invention provides a method for verifying the forming quality of laser forming equipment in a servo-driven wind field. This verification method features a specially designed verification component for wind field verification, including a wind deflector and two sets of test specimens. Laser forming quality verification is performed in both fixed and moving wind fields. By using the wind deflector to simulate factors that may be introduced into the servo-driven wind field, such as large particles of powder and black slag, which could affect laser forming quality, the accuracy and reliability of wind field laser forming quality verification are improved.

[0071] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for verifying the forming quality of a flight additive manufacturing equipment using a servo wind field, characterized in that, The verification method includes: S1, Design of wind field verification feature components: Each wind field verification feature component includes a windbreak plate and two sets of specimens. The windbreak plate is a plate-shaped solid with an arc surface, the arc surface convex towards the windward side. The two sets of specimens are located on the windward and leeward sides of the windbreak plate, respectively. Each set of specimens includes metallographic blocks and tensile test bars. The metallographic blocks in each set of specimens include continuously scanned metallographic blocks and interlayer scanned metallographic blocks. The interlayer scanned metallographic blocks are scanned every few layers. The tensile test bars in each set of specimens include tensile horizontal bars and tensile vertical bars. The tensile horizontal bars and tensile vertical bars are used for static tensile testing in the deposited state to evaluate the mechanical performance level at different locations. S2, fixed gantry, in a fixed wind field, perform fixed wind field laser forming quality verification; use flying additive manufacturing equipment to simultaneously print each group of wind field verification feature components. For any wind field verification feature component, the printing start time of the wind baffle is earlier than the printing start time of the specimens on both sides of the wind baffle; within the gantry size range, each group of wind field verification feature components are arranged alternately along the wind direction of the wind field. S3, the gantry moves normally, and the quality verification of the laser forming of the moving wind field is carried out in the moving wind field; using the flying additive manufacturing equipment, each group of wind field verification feature components are printed sequentially along the moving direction of the gantry. For any wind field verification feature component, the printing start time of the wind baffle is earlier than the printing start time of the specimens on both sides of the wind baffle; in the forming chamber, each group of wind field verification feature components are arranged alternately along the blowing direction of the wind field.

2. The verification method for the forming quality of a servo wind field in an additive manufacturing equipment for flight, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... S2 specifically includes: S21, Fixed gantry: Based on the gantry structure and wind field, determine the number and arrangement of wind field verification feature components in the fixed wind field; S22, set process parameters, keep the gantry stationary, and use the flying additive manufacturing equipment to simultaneously print each set of wind field verification feature components under different wind turbine power; S23, preprocess the wind field verification feature components printed in S22; S24. The metallographic structure of the metallographic specimen after S23 pretreatment was analyzed by sampling the longitudinal section. The tensile test bar after S23 pretreatment was tested for room temperature tensile mechanical properties. The metallographic quality and mechanical properties at different locations under different wind speeds were compared to verify the quality of laser forming in a fixed wind field.

3. The verification method for the forming quality of a servo wind field in an additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, In S21, within the gantry size range, three sets of wind field verification feature components are arranged alternately along the wind direction of the wind field. The three sets of wind field verification feature components are arranged near the air outlet, in the middle of the gantry, and near the air inlet, respectively.

4. The verification method for the forming quality of a servo wind field in an additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, S3 specifically includes: S31, Based on the gantry movement position and the wind field, determine the number and arrangement of wind field verification feature components in the moving wind field; S32, set process parameters, the gantry moves normally, and under different wind turbine power, use the flying additive manufacturing equipment to print each set of wind field verification feature components in sequence along the gantry moving direction; S33, preprocess the printed wind field verification feature components; S34. The metallographic structure of the metallographic specimen after S33 pretreatment was analyzed by longitudinal section sampling. The tensile test bar after S33 pretreatment was tested for room temperature tensile mechanical properties. The metallographic quality and mechanical properties at different locations under different wind speeds were compared to verify the quality of laser forming of the moving wind field.

5. The verification method for the forming quality of a servo wind field in an additive manufacturing equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, In S31, within the forming chamber, four sets of wind field verification feature components are arranged alternately along the blowing direction of the wind field. The four sets of wind field verification feature components are respectively arranged at the starting position of the gantry, the 1 / 3 position of the gantry's travel distance, the 2 / 3 position of the gantry's travel distance, and the ending position of the gantry.

6. The verification method for the forming quality of a servo wind field in an additive manufacturing equipment for flight, as described in claim 2 or 4, is characterized in that... In S22 and S32, the laser power in the baffle solid filling parameters is set to 110%~115% of the preset laser power, the scanning speed is set to 75%~80% of the preset scanning speed, and the distance is set to 80%~90% of the preset distance.

7. The method for verifying the forming quality of a servo wind field in an additive manufacturing equipment for flight, as described in claim 2 or 4, is characterized in that... In S23 and S33, the pretreatment includes: removing the substrate from the airborne additive manufacturing equipment, cleaning the surface metal powder until no metal powder residue remains on the surface; and separating each feature from the substrate using wire cutting.

Images