A multifunctional monitoring device for landslide monitoring drilling and its installation method

Abstract

The present invention provides a multifunctional monitoring device for landslide monitoring boreholes and an installation method, belonging to the technical field of landslide engineering monitoring. The device comprises a monitoring component, a pipeline component, a data processing component and an auxiliary component; the monitoring component is used to monitor the displacement and water level change of the landslide; the pipeline component is used to provide installation space, guide cables and grouting for the monitoring component; the data processing component is used to collect and process data of the monitoring component; the auxiliary component is used to assist in the installation, protection and stability of the monitoring device; its installation method comprises the steps of drilling, sensor customization, equipment deployment, connecting the pipeline component, connecting the auxiliary component and grouting, thereby achieving the purpose of multi-purpose use of a single ultra-deep landslide monitoring borehole, capable of performing displacement monitoring at the entire borehole depth and simultaneously monitoring groundwater level changes, with high measurement accuracy, low equipment cost and long service life, having obvious advantages in monitoring extremely thick and ultra-deep landslides, and providing reliable technical support for the prevention and control of landslide disasters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of landslide engineering monitoring, in particular to a multifunctional landslide monitoring drilling device and an installation method. Background Art

[0002] Deep displacement monitoring is crucial in landslide disaster monitoring. Although relevant technologies have achieved certain results, there are still many problems that need to be solved.

[0003] In terms of monitoring methods, while full-bore automated monitoring can achieve high accuracy, the equipment and operating costs are prohibitive. This puts large-scale application under economic pressure and hinders promotion in monitoring projects with limited budgets. Manual monitoring solely relying on sliding inclinometers, while less expensive, has significant drawbacks. Manual monitoring intervals are long, making it impossible to capture real-time changes in landslide displacement. For sudden geological hazards like landslides, untimely monitoring can result in missing the optimal early warning opportunity, leading to severe losses. Furthermore, manual operations are significantly influenced by subjective factors, and differences in measurement techniques and experience among operators can make monitoring accuracy difficult to guarantee, significantly compromising the accuracy and reliability of the data.

[0004] From an installation perspective, previous methods for monitoring equipment installation have shortcomings. The traditional approach involves first installing the inclinometer and grouting pipes, then lowering the deep displacement sensor into the inclinometer pipe. This process requires extending the deep displacement sensor's data cable from the inclinometer pipe to the surface, which prevents the upper inclinometer pipe from continuing its normal inclinometer function. This reduces the inclinometer pipe's efficiency, limits the monitoring system's functional integrity, and prevents the monitoring equipment from fully realizing its potential.

[0005] In summary, the existing landslide monitoring technology has problems in terms of the balance between cost and accuracy of monitoring means, the timeliness of monitoring, and the rationality of installation technology. There is an urgent need for a multifunctional monitoring device for landslide monitoring drilling and an installation method to solve these problems in order to improve the accuracy, timeliness and economy of landslide monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional monitoring device and installation method for landslide monitoring drilling holes, which realizes the multi-purpose purpose of ultra-deep landslide monitoring drilling holes, can monitor displacement throughout the entire hole depth, and can simultaneously monitor groundwater level changes. It has high measurement accuracy, low equipment cost, and long service life. It has obvious advantages in monitoring extremely thick and ultra-deep landslides, and provides reliable technical support for the prevention and control of landslide disasters.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0008] A multifunctional monitoring device for landslide monitoring drilling, comprising a monitoring component, a pipeline component, a data processing component and an auxiliary component; the monitoring component is used to monitor the displacement and water level changes of the landslide; the pipeline component is used to provide installation space, guide cables and grouting for the monitoring component; the data processing component is used to collect and process data from the monitoring component; and the auxiliary component is used to assist in the installation, protection and stabilization of the monitoring device.

[0009] Preferably, the monitoring component includes a sliding inclinometer, an array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor and a piezometer; the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor is installed at the predicted sliding surface position, the sliding inclinometer is located above the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor, and the piezometer is installed at the bottom of the pipe body used to install the monitoring component.

[0010] Preferably, the pipeline assembly includes an aluminum alloy inclinometer tube, a signal line and cable protection tube and a grouting pipe; the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube is installed in the borehole to provide an installation channel for the monitoring assembly; the piezometer is installed at the bottom of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube, the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor is installed in the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube at the corresponding predicted sliding surface position, and the sliding inclinometer performs movement monitoring in the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube; the signal line and cable protection tube include a tee, an elbow and a sealing ring, and the cable of the piezometer and the cable of the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor are guided and protected by the elbow and tee of the signal line and cable protection tube, and the sealing is ensured by the sealing ring; the grouting pipe is used for drilling grouting, and is arranged in the borehole in parallel with the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube and close to the borehole pipe wall.

[0011] Preferably, the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube is connected by multiple sections, and two adjacent sections of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube are connected by a special connecting pipe, fixed by rivets and adhesive, and tightly wrapped with waterproof raw tape and adhesive tape.

[0012] Preferably, the data processing component includes a sliding inclinometer reel and an array-type deep displacement monitoring and acquisition instrument; the sliding inclinometer reel is used to store the cable of the sliding inclinometer, and the array-type deep displacement monitoring and acquisition instrument is connected to the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor through a signal line for collecting its monitoring data.

[0013] Preferably, the auxiliary component includes a guide head and a wire rope; the guide head is arranged at the lowermost end of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube and is rigidly connected to the first section of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube. A piezometer is installed in the guide head. A small hole is drilled on the guide head to facilitate the entry of groundwater. A ring is fixed on each side of the guide head; one end of the wire rope is connected to the rings on both sides of the guide head, and the other end is used to assist in lowering the device during the installation process.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for installing a multifunctional landslide monitoring drilling device, comprising the following steps:

[0015] The first step was to use a 1000m drilling rig to drill a hole with a diameter of at least 127mm. The hole depth and inclination deviation were controlled, and a depth margin was reserved during drilling. After drilling was completed, the hole mouth was casing-protected and the hole was cleaned multiple times. An array of deep displacement monitoring sensors was customized based on the predicted sliding surface location, with cable lengths ensuring power supply and signal transmission. Deformation-coordinated PVC pipes were installed to protect the sensors, and testing was performed before installation.

[0016] Step 2: Install the piezometer inside the guide head, fill it with geotextile for protection, drill a small hole to facilitate groundwater ingress, install an elbow to allow the piezometer cable to pass through and into a 20mm outer diameter PEX cable protection tube for sealing and reinforcement. Connect the rings on both sides of the guide head to the steel wire rope and tighten them, then rigidly connect the guide head to the first section of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube.

[0017] Step 3: Lower the connected guide head and the first section of the aluminum alloy inclinometer casing into the borehole, releasing the wire rope as they are lowered. Install the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor into the first section of the aluminum alloy inclinometer casing. After lowering it into place, fill the casing with sand and ensure it is dense.

[0018] Step 4: Connect the subsequent aluminum alloy inclinometer tubes one by one, securing them with dedicated connecting pipes, rivets, and adhesive, and wrapping them tightly with waterproof raw tape and adhesive tape. After all the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensors have been lowered, drill a hole and install a tee on the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1 meter above the top. This allows the piezometer cable and the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor cable to enter the upper signal line and cable protection tube. Install a sealing ring at the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube connection above the tee to ensure a tight seal.

[0019] Step 5: Connect the grouting pipe, signal line, cable protection pipe, and wire rope to the outside of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube used for manual inclinometer measurement. The wire rope is tied to each tube at equal intervals and placed close to the borehole wall. Ensure that the guide groove of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube remains in the same direction. The tube mouth is 20-50 cm higher than the borehole mouth and is wrapped.

[0020] Step 6. Mix cement slurry in a 1:1 water-cement ratio, inject grout from the bottom of the hole to the hole mouth through the grouting pipe, cast the hole mouth protection pier, and measure the azimuth, pipe mouth coordinates, and elevation of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube after the cement slurry solidifies. If necessary, use a torsion meter to measure two sets of azimuths from top to bottom and from bottom to top according to the scale marks, take the average and measure the torsion angle of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube guide groove at different elevations to complete the installation of the multifunctional monitoring device for landslide monitoring drilling.

[0021] Preferably, in the first step, the maximum allowable deviation of the hole depth is ±2%, the hole inclination deviation does not exceed 2° per 100m, and the depth margin is 5-10m.

[0022] Preferably, in the first step, an array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor is customized according to the predicted sliding surface position. If the sliding surface position is a single-layer sliding surface, the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor is arranged at a position 10m above and below the sliding surface position; if the sliding surface position is a multi-layer sliding belt, the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor is arranged at a position 5m above the upper and lower interfaces of the sliding belt.

[0023] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0024] (1) The present invention achieves simultaneous monitoring of landslide displacement and water level changes within a single borehole by rationally arranging a sliding inclinometer, an array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor, and a piezometer in an ultra-deep landslide monitoring borehole. The array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor is installed at the predicted sliding surface location to automatically monitor landslide deformation; the sliding inclinometer above it can monitor possible secondary or shallow sliding surfaces; and the piezometer at the bottom of the inclinometer tube is responsible for water level monitoring. This allows displacement monitoring throughout the entire borehole depth, fully utilizing borehole resources and avoiding the complex operations and high costs of multi-hole monitoring.

[0025] (2) In terms of data processing, the present invention corrects the data of the sliding inclinometer and the array-type deep displacement monitoring data respectively. The sliding inclinometer measures the readings in the directions A+, A-, B+, and B-, and uses the torsion angle change value obtained by the torque meter to correct the displacement value; the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor has a built-in magnetometer, which can distinguish the angle of the reference point, and correct the displacement deviation caused by axial torsion through formula calculation or software processing to ensure that the measured angle is consistent with the upper manual inclinometer angle, making the measurement data more accurate and providing a reliable basis for landslide monitoring.

[0026] (3) The multifunctional landslide monitoring drilling device provided by the present invention combines automated and manual monitoring methods, avoiding the high cost associated with full-hole automated monitoring. This reduces the equipment cost while ensuring monitoring accuracy. During installation, the risks of ultra-deep hole installation are fully considered. For example, by installing a deformable, coordinated PVC pipe to protect the sensor and adopting various sealing measures to prevent slurry infiltration, the impact of the external environment on the equipment is reduced, effectively extending the equipment's service life and improving the cost-effectiveness of the monitoring system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0028] Figure 1This is a structural schematic diagram of a multifunctional monitoring device for landslide monitoring drilling according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a multifunctional landslide monitoring drilling device according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the II-II cross-sectional structure of a multifunctional monitoring device for landslide monitoring drilling according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a multifunctional landslide monitoring drilling device according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of data correction for a sliding inclinometer provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of coordinate correction for array-type deep displacement monitoring data provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the calculation results of manual inclination measurement provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the array-type deep displacement calculation results provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a diagram of the osmometer calculation results provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a diagram of the data combination effect provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Description of reference numerals:

[0039] 1. Aluminum alloy inclinometer tube; 2. Guide head; 3. Sliding inclinometer; 4. Array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor; 5. Piezometer; 6. Sliding inclinometer reel; 7. Array-type deep displacement monitoring collector; 8. Tee; 9. Elbow; 10. Sealing ring; 11. Signal line and cable protection tube; 12. Grouting pipe; 13. Drilling hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the present invention provides a multifunctional monitoring device for landslide monitoring drilling, including a monitoring component, a pipeline component, a data processing component and an auxiliary component; the monitoring component is used to monitor the displacement and water level changes of the landslide; the pipeline component is used to provide installation space, guide cables and grouting for the monitoring component; the data processing component is used to collect and process data from the monitoring component; and the auxiliary component is used to assist in the installation, protection and stability of the monitoring device.

[0044] The monitoring components include a sliding inclinometer 3, an array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor 4, and a piezometer 5. The array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor 4 is installed at the predicted sliding surface location to automatically monitor landslide deformation in real time. The sliding inclinometer 3 is located above it to monitor possible secondary or shallow sliding surfaces. The piezometer 5 is installed at the bottom of the pipe body used to install the monitoring components and is responsible for monitoring water level changes.

[0045] The pipeline assembly includes an aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1, a signal line and cable protection tube 11 and a grouting pipe 12; the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1 is installed in a borehole 13 to provide an installation channel for the monitoring assembly; the piezometer 5 is installed at the bottom of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1, the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor 4 is installed in the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1 at the corresponding predicted sliding surface position, and the sliding inclinometer 3 performs mobile monitoring in the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1; the signal line and cable protection tube 11 includes a tee 8, an elbow 9 and a sealing ring 10, and the cables of the piezometer 5 and the cables of the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor 4 are guided and protected by the elbow 9 and tee 8 of the signal line and cable protection tube 11, and the sealing is ensured by the sealing ring 10; the grouting pipe 12 is used for grouting in the borehole 13, and is arranged in parallel with the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1 in the borehole 13 and close to the wall of the borehole 13, and is used for grouting in the borehole 13. The aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1 is connected by multiple sections. Two adjacent sections of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1 are connected by a special connecting pipe, fixed by rivets and adhesive, and tightly wrapped with waterproof raw tape and adhesive tape.

[0046] The data processing component consists of a sliding inclinometer cable reel 6 and an array-type deep displacement monitoring and acquisition instrument 7. The sliding inclinometer cable reel 6 stores the cable of the sliding inclinometer 3 for easy operation. The array-type deep displacement monitoring and acquisition instrument 7 is connected to the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor 4 via a signal line to efficiently collect monitoring data.

[0047] The auxiliary components include a guide head 2 and a steel wire rope. The guide head 2 is positioned at the lowest end of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1 and rigidly connected to the first section of the tube. A piezometer 5 is installed inside the guide head 2, and small holes are drilled to facilitate the entry of groundwater. A ring is fixed on each side of the guide head 2. One end of the steel wire rope connects to the rings on either side of the guide head 2, while the other end assists in lowering the device during installation. After installation, the wire rope bears the weight of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1 and is bundled with the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1, grouting pipe 12, signal line, and cable protection tube 11 at regular intervals to ensure the stability and reliability of the device installation.

[0048] The multifunctional monitoring device for landslide monitoring borehole 13 provided above is installed using the following installation method, including the following steps:

[0049] Step 1, preparation for drilling hole 13: Use a 1000m drilling rig (model: XY-4) to drill a hole 13 with a diameter of no less than 127mm. Strictly control the hole depth and hole inclination deviation. The maximum allowable hole depth deviation is ±2‰, and the hole inclination does not exceed 2° per 100m. Correction is required every 50m of drilling. Reserve a 5-10m depth margin during drilling. After drilling hole 13 is completed, casing is installed within a depth of 2m in the hole mouth section. Then, the hole is cleaned 2-3 times to remove as much mud as possible from the hole. Customize the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor 4 based on the predicted sliding surface location. If it is a single-layer sliding surface, the sensor is deployed 10m above and below the sliding surface; if it is a multi-layer sliding belt, the sensor is deployed 5m above the upper and lower interfaces of the sliding belt. When manufacturing the sensor, fully consider the cable length to ensure stable power supply and signal transmission. Set up deformation-coordinated PVC pipes to protect the sensor, and conduct a comprehensive test before installation.

[0050] Step 2: Assemble the guide head 2: Install the piezometer 5 inside the guide head 2. Stuff the piezometer 5 with geotextile to prevent grout from entering during grouting. Drill a small hole in the guide head 2 to facilitate groundwater entry. Install the elbow 9 for the signal line and cable protection tube 11. Pass the piezometer 5 cable through the 20mm outer diameter PEX cable protection tube and seal it with glue. Connect the rings on both sides of the guide head 2 to the wire rope and tighten them. Rigidly connect the guide head 2 to the first section of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1. Install a partition between the guide head 2 and the inclinometer tube.

[0051] Step 3: Lowering the First Section of the Tube and Installing the Sensors: Slowly lower the connected guide head 2 and the first section of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tubing 1 into the borehole 13, while simultaneously releasing the wire rope at a constant speed. Accurately install the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor 4 into the first section of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tubing 1. Once lowered into place, fill the tubing with sand to ensure it is densely packed to provide a stable support environment.

[0052] Step 4: Subsequent Pipe Connection and Cable Processing: Connect the subsequent aluminum alloy inclinometer tubes 1 one by one, securing them with dedicated connecting pipes, rivets, and adhesive. Secure them with waterproof raw tape and adhesive tape to prevent slurry infiltration. After all the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensors 4 are deployed, drill a hole in the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1 at the top 1 meter to install the signal line and cable protection tube 11 tee 8. This allows the piezometer 5 cable and the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor 4 cable to enter the upper signal line and cable protection tube 11. Install a partition at the connection between the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1 above the protection tube tee 8 and seal it properly to mitigate the impact of groundwater infiltration on the deep displacement monitoring sensor.

[0053] Step 5: Install Accessories: Connect the grouting pipe 12, signal line and cable protection tube 11, and wire rope to the outside of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1 used for manual inclinometer measurement. The wire rope is tied to each tube at equal intervals, ensuring the guide groove of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1 remains in the same direction. The tube end is 20-50 cm above the opening of the drill hole 13 and is wrapped to prevent foreign matter from falling into the tube.

[0054] Step 6: Grouting and Final Inspection: Mix cement slurry at a water-cement ratio of 1:1 and inject it through grouting pipe 12 from the bottom of the hole to the orifice, ensuring grout density. Cast the orifice protection pier. After the cement slurry solidifies, accurately measure the orientation, orifice coordinates, and elevation of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1 guide channel. If necessary, use a torsion meter to measure two sets of azimuth angles from top to bottom and bottom to top according to the scale markings, taking the average. Measure the torsion angles at different elevations of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1 guide channel to complete the installation of the entire monitoring device.

[0055] Based on the above content, data processing is performed for manual inclinometer, automatic inclinometer and water level monitoring, including:

[0056] First, the data of the sliding inclinometer 3 is corrected: the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1 includes four notches, refer to Figure 5 First, take the A+ notch as the reference value. The sliding inclinometer 3 needs to measure the A+ and A- directions separately. When measuring the inclinometer, first place the probe at the bottom of the inclinometer tube and start reading. Take a reading every 0.5m the probe is raised. After measuring the A+ direction reading, remove the probe and rotate it 180°. Repeat the steps to read the A- direction reading. Because the sliding inclinometer 3 generally has two servo accelerometers at 90° to each other, the A+ and A- readings are obtained, and the B+ and B- readings are also obtained at the same time.

[0057] In addition, the sliding inclinometer 3 has a built-in torque meter. During the measurement process, the azimuth angle of the inclinometer tube mouth A+ direction can be measured in advance. During the measurement, the torque angle measurement function can be turned on and the torque angle change value can be obtained. In the subsequent data processing, the torque angle change value can be used to correct the displacement value. The value obtained by the correction process can be regarded as the displacement change value of the inclinometer hole in each direction after angle correction. The artificial inclinometer calculation result is as follows: Figure 7 As shown in Figure 2, the curves at different time points reflect the changes in horizontal displacement at different depths of the landslide body over time.

[0058] Then, the array-type deep displacement monitoring data was corrected, referring to Figure 6 Array deep displacement is calculated by calculating the change Δx between the centers of the flexible joints at both ends of a single sensor segment. i , Δy i , Δz i , converted to the coordinate system, we get Dx i 、Dy i 、Dz i , according to the reference point coordinates fixed to (x0 = 0, y0 = 0, z0 = 0), the arithmetic sum of the changes in each section is calculated in sequence ∑Dx i 、Dy i 、Dz i The absolute coordinates of the center points of each flexible joint can be obtained (x i ,y i , z i ).

[0059] In addition, the array-type deep displacement sensor has a built-in magnetometer, which can determine the angle of the reference point during the lowering process. After determining the angle, the axial torsion can be corrected through formula calculation or software processing to eliminate the displacement value deviation caused by the torsion. This correction method ensures that the obtained data is accurate, and the measurement angle is consistent with the upper manual inclinometer angle, which can meet the prerequisite for combining with the manual inclinometer data. The final array-type deep displacement calculation result is as follows: Figure 8 By comparison Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the landslide displacement situation can be comprehensively analyzed from different monitoring angles, such as comparing the displacement change amplitude and rate at different depths, judging the stability differences of different parts of the landslide body, and the development trend of landslide displacement at different time stages, and determining the active or stable period of the landslide.

[0060] The data from piezometer 5 is calculated again. Piezometer 5 is a vibrating wire piezometer. The water pressure load being measured causes the elastic diaphragm of piezometer 5 to deform. This deformation drives the vibrating wire, which in turn changes its stress, thereby changing its vibration frequency. The electromagnetic coil excites the wire and measures its vibration frequency. The frequency signal is transmitted via a cable to the data acquisition instrument, which measures the pressure value of the water load. By converting pressure to water pressure, the groundwater level is calculated, and the result is as follows: Figure 9The figure shows the fluctuation of groundwater levels over time. Rising or falling water levels reflect the dynamic changes in groundwater. Combined with landslide displacement data, the relationship between water level changes and landslide displacement can be explored. For example, rising groundwater levels may increase the weight of the landslide mass and reduce the shear strength of the soil, thereby affecting landslide stability. This provides an important reference for assessing landslide risk.

[0061] Finally, the sliding inclinometer 3 and the array deep displacement monitoring data are corrected for their respective angle torques through the above correction process to obtain their respective corrected monitoring data. Subsequently, the two sets of data are superimposed and the groundwater level calculated by the piezometer 5 data is added. The results obtained after actual application are as follows: Figure 10 As shown, from Figure 10 The system can simultaneously observe the changes in different monitoring data over time and horizontal displacement, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the state of the landslide. For example, it can clearly see the corresponding relationship between water level changes and displacement changes at certain time points, providing a basis for in-depth analysis of landslide mechanisms and helping relevant personnel develop more precise landslide prevention and control strategies.

[0062] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will find that the specific implementation methods and application scopes may vary based on the concept of the present invention. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional monitoring device for landslide monitoring drilling, characterized in that: It includes a monitoring component, a pipeline component, a data processing component and an auxiliary component; the monitoring component is used to monitor the displacement of the landslide and the change of the water level; the pipeline component is used to provide installation space, guide cables and grouting for the monitoring component; the data processing component is used to collect and process data from the monitoring component; the auxiliary component is used to assist in the installation, protection and stability of the monitoring device; The monitoring assembly includes a sliding inclinometer, an array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor, and a piezometer; the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor is installed at the predicted sliding surface position, the sliding inclinometer is located above the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor, and the piezometer is installed at the bottom of the pipe body used to install the monitoring assembly; The pipeline assembly includes an aluminum alloy inclinometer tube, a signal line and cable protection tube, and a grouting tube; the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube is installed in the borehole to provide an installation channel for the monitoring assembly; the piezometer is installed at the bottom of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube, the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor is installed in the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube at the corresponding predicted sliding surface position, and the sliding inclinometer performs movement monitoring in the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube; the signal line and cable protection tube include a tee, an elbow, and a sealing ring; the cables of the piezometer and the cables of the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor are guided and protected by the elbow and tee of the signal line and cable protection tube, and the sealing is ensured by the sealing ring; the grouting tube is used for drilling grouting, and is arranged in the borehole in parallel with the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube and close to the borehole wall; The data processing component includes a sliding inclinometer cable reel and an array-type deep displacement monitoring and acquisition instrument; the sliding inclinometer cable reel is used to store the cable of the sliding inclinometer, and the array-type deep displacement monitoring and acquisition instrument is connected to the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor via a signal line for collecting its monitoring data; The auxiliary component includes a guide head and a steel wire rope; the guide head is arranged at the lower end of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube and is rigidly connected to the first section of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube. A piezometer is installed in the guide head. A small hole is drilled in the guide head to facilitate the entry of groundwater. A ring is fixed on each side of the guide head; one end of the steel wire rope is connected to the rings on both sides of the guide head, and the other end is used to assist in lowering the device during the installation process.

2. A multifunctional monitoring device for landslide monitoring drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aluminum alloy inclinometer tube is connected by multiple sections. Two adjacent sections of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube are connected by a special connecting pipe, fixed by rivets and adhesive, and tightly wrapped with waterproof raw tape and adhesive tape.

3. The method for installing a multifunctional landslide monitoring drilling device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The first step was to use a 1000m drilling rig to drill a hole with a diameter of at least 127mm. The hole depth and inclination deviation were controlled, and a depth margin was reserved during drilling. After drilling was completed, the hole mouth was casing-protected and the hole was cleaned multiple times. An array of deep displacement monitoring sensors was customized based on the predicted sliding surface location, with cable lengths ensuring power supply and signal transmission. Deformation-coordinated PVC pipes were installed to protect the sensors, and testing was performed before installation. Step 2: Install the piezometer inside the guide head, fill it with geotextile for protection, drill a small hole to facilitate groundwater ingress, install an elbow to allow the piezometer cable to pass through and into a 20mm outer diameter PEX cable protection tube for sealing and reinforcement. Connect the rings on both sides of the guide head to the steel wire rope and tighten them, then rigidly connect the guide head to the first section of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube. Step 3: Lower the connected guide head and the first section of the aluminum alloy inclinometer casing into the borehole, releasing the wire rope as they are lowered. Install the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor into the first section of the aluminum alloy inclinometer casing. After lowering it into place, fill the casing with sand and ensure it is dense. Step 4: Connect the subsequent aluminum alloy inclinometer tubes one by one, securing them with dedicated connecting pipes, rivets, and adhesive, and wrapping them tightly with waterproof raw tape and adhesive tape. After all the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensors have been lowered, drill a hole and install a tee on the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube 1 meter above the top. This allows the piezometer cable and the array-type deep displacement monitoring sensor cable to enter the upper signal line and cable protection tube. Install a sealing ring at the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube connection above the tee to ensure a tight seal. Step 5: Connect the grouting pipe, signal line, cable protection pipe, and wire rope to the outside of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube used for manual inclinometer measurement. The wire rope is tied to each tube at equal intervals and placed close to the borehole wall. Ensure that the guide groove of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube remains in the same direction. The tube mouth is 20-50 cm higher than the borehole mouth and is wrapped. Step 6. Mix cement slurry in a 1:1 water-cement ratio, inject grout from the bottom of the hole to the hole mouth through the grouting pipe, cast the hole mouth protection pier, and measure the azimuth, pipe mouth coordinates, and elevation of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube after the cement slurry solidifies. Use a torque meter to measure two sets of azimuth angles from top to bottom and from bottom to top according to the scale marks, and take the average to measure the torsion angle of the aluminum alloy inclinometer tube guide groove at different elevations to complete the installation of the landslide monitoring drilling multifunctional monitoring device.

4. The installation method of a multifunctional landslide monitoring drilling device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In the first step, the maximum allowable deviation of hole depth is ±2%, the hole inclination deviation does not exceed 2° per 100m, and the depth margin is 5 to 10m.

5. The method for installing a multifunctional landslide monitoring drilling device according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the first step, an array of deep displacement monitoring sensors is customized according to the predicted sliding surface location. If the sliding surface is a single-layer sliding surface, the array of deep displacement monitoring sensors is arranged 10 meters above and below the sliding surface location; if the sliding surface is a multi-layer sliding belt, the array of deep displacement monitoring sensors is arranged 5 meters above the upper and lower interfaces of the sliding belt.

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